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Mutation

BIO152 Lecture 12 Darwin and Natural Selection

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Biology
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Evolutionary biology
Biology
Philosophy of biology
Natural selection
evolution
Mutation
Adaptation
Common descent
Mimicry
Vestigiality
Heritability
Pesticide resistance

Lecture 12-13 BIO152 Darwin and Natural Selection L12 mimicry means similar to something else mimicry can be shape and just not behavior mimic octopus is an example, it mimics a number of poisonous sea animals shape, behavior and colour chromataphors- changes shape , not just colour but patters uniform-little or no contrast moderate- destructive- to interfere with the colour that the actuall organism is octopus is colour blind but because of chromataphors not just matching colour behind you but the texture lyer bird makes sounds that they hear in their environment **Fig 23.13 Less than 35 years Think-Pair-Share Q: Where did antibiotic resistance gene come from?

Intro to Evolution and Evolutionary Genetics: Exam Study Notes

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Biology
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Biology
Genetics
Gene
Chromosome
Meiosis
DNA
evolution
cell
Mutation
Dominance
Cohesin
Homologous chromosome

Evolution and the Themes of Biology Identify global challenges that may require a biological solution. pollution acid rain / ocean acidification antibiotic-resistant pathogens Describe how an organism?s environmental adaptations result from evolution. individuals best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce more individuals will have these advantageous traits in subsequent generations (if they are heritable) Identify (and give examples) of the different levels of the hierarchy of biology. Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Ursidae Genus: Ursus Species: Ursus Maritimus Describe how the food competition hypothesis (in the context of giraffes? long necks) was not supported by data.

Bio_160_Lecture3

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Biology
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Biology
Genetics
Classical genetics
Molecular biology
Cytogenetics
Molecular genetics
Gene
Chromosome
Dominance
Homologous chromosome
DNA
Mutation
health

Inheritance and DNA Cellular Basis of Reproduction & Inheritance ? Chapter 8 The cell cycle multiplies cells and consists of two major phases Figure 8.5 ? The stages of cell division Figure 8.6 (Part 1) Figure 8.6 (Part 2) Cytokinesis differs for plant and animal cells Figure 8.7A The binding of growth factors to specific receptors on the plasma membrane is usually necessary for cell division. Control systemG1 S G2M G1 checkpoint Plasma membrane Growth factor Receptor protein Relay proteins Signal transduction pathway Figure 8.9B ? Cancer cells divide excessively to form masses of cells called tumors ?Malignant tumors can invade other tissues Tumor Glandular tissue A tumor grows from a single cancer cell. Cancer cells invade

Ch03_Bio PPT

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Biology
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Biology
Genetics
Classical genetics
Molecular biology
Cytogenetics
Molecular genetics
Gene
Chromosome
Dominance
Mutation
Meiosis
DNA
health

Inheritance and DNA Cellular Basis of Reproduction & Inheritance Chapter 8 The cell cycle multiplies cells and consists of two major phases Figure 8.5 The stages of cell division Figure 8.6 (Part 1) Figure 8.6 (Part 2) Cytokinesis differs for plant and animal cells Figure 8.7A The binding of growth factors to specific receptors on the plasma membrane is usually necessary for cell division. Control system G1 S G2 M G1 checkpoint Plasma membrane Growth factor Receptor protein Relay proteins Signal transduction pathway Figure 8.9B Cancer cells divide excessively to form masses of cells called tumors Malignant tumors can invade other tissues Tumor Glandular tissue A tumor grows from a single cancer cell. Cancer cells invade neighboring tissue.

Summary of Chapter 21

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Biology
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Biology
Genetics
Philosophy of biology
Noncoding DNA
Human genome
Gene
Genome
Unequal crossing over
DNA
Intron
Transposable element
Mutation
health

AP Biology Chapter 21 Genomes and Their Evolution Overview ? Reading the Leaves form the Tree of Life Scientists are now able to compare different species by comparing their DNA We have sequenced the full DNA of many different species now By comparing, we can: study the set of genes that control group defining characteristics Learn about the long evolutionary history of shared ancient genes and their products (by looking at the genome of more different species such as bacteria, fungi, etcs and comparing to animals/humans.) Genomics: The study of whole sets of genes and their interactions. Bioinformatics: a new field ? the application of computational methods to the storage and analysis of biological data.

exam2 soln

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Biology
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Biology
Gene expression
Genetics
Molecular biology
RNA
Protein biosynthesis
Lac operon
Gene
Mutation
Transcription
DNA Replication
Translation
health

Solutions to Molecular Biology Unit Exam Question 1 Consider the following origin of replication that is found on a chromosome. The sequence of region 1 is shown below. Region 1: 5??CTGACTGACA?3? 3??GACTGACTGT?5? 5? 3? 5? 3? Region 1 ori top ? bottom ? a) Within Region 1, which strand will be the template for leading strand synthesis, the top or the bottom? The bottom strand will be the template for leading strand synthesis. b) If we assume that a lagging strand fragment is made from region 1, what will be its sequence? 5? T G T C A G T C A G 3? c) You examine DNA replication in an E. coli mutant, which has a partially defective DNA polymerase. In vitro

Genetic Testing PP

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Biology
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Biology
Genetics
Medicine
Genetic testing
Introduction to genetics
Gene
Mutation
genotype
Dominance
BRCA1
DNA
Cancer
health

Single cell fertilized egg 1 cell type, single DNA code Embryo hundreds of cell types, same DNA code Each cell type is defined by the genes that are expressed in that cell ?Gene expression? Single cell fertilized egg 1 cell type, single DNA code Neuron Hemoglobin ? Dopamine + Myoglobin - Muscle cells Hemoglobin ? Dopamine + Myoglobin - Red blood cells Hemoglobin ? Dopamine + Myoglobin - Each cell type only expressed a restricted subset of genes Single cell fertilized egg 1 cell type, single DNA code Neuron Hemoglobin ? Dopamine + Myoglobin - Muscle cells Hemoglobin ? Dopamine + Myoglobin - Red blood cells Hemoglobin ? Dopamine + Myoglobin - Each cell type only expressed a restricted subset of genes How??? Epigenetic marks applied to DNA

Cancer

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Biology
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Medicine
Oncology
Biology
Carcinogenesis
genes
Tumor suppressor genes
Genetics
Cancer
Oncogene
Mutation
Caretaker gene
health

BIOLOGY NOTES MONDAY 17, 2014 (CHAPTER 11) 6 Characteristics of cancerous cells Grow when should not Continue to grow when other cells send ?stop? signals When change in their DNA, Apoptosis doesn?t occur Can co-opt vascular system creating new blood vessels Immortal (MOST IMPORTANT) Can metastasis, which moving to other parts Mutations in 2 types of genes cause cancer Positive growth regulators Negative growth regulators Explain how the mutations cause runaway all proliferation More positive growth, results in hyperactivity Uncontrolled cell division, No brakes 2 types of genes Proto-oncogene- Normal Function- Promote cell division (code for positive growth regulator) Mutation- Runaway cell division causing hyperactivity

Cancer

Subject: 
Biology
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Medicine
Oncology
Biology
Carcinogenesis
genes
Tumor suppressor genes
Genetics
Cancer
Oncogene
Mutation
Caretaker gene
health

BIOLOGY NOTES MONDAY 17, 2014 (CHAPTER 11) 6 Characteristics of cancerous cells Grow when should not Continue to grow when other cells send ?stop? signals When change in their DNA, Apoptosis doesn?t occur Can co-opt vascular system creating new blood vessels Immortal (MOST IMPORTANT) Can metastasis, which moving to other parts Mutations in 2 types of genes cause cancer Positive growth regulators Negative growth regulators Explain how the mutations cause runaway all proliferation More positive growth, results in hyperactivity Uncontrolled cell division, No brakes 2 types of genes Proto-oncogene- Normal Function- Promote cell division (code for positive growth regulator) Mutation- Runaway cell division causing hyperactivity

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