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Non-coding RNA

Chapter 17 powerpoint

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Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein Overview: The Flow of Genetic Information The information content of DNA is in the form of specific sequences of nucleotides The DNA inherited by an organism leads to specific traits by dictating the synthesis of proteins Proteins are the links between genotype and phenotype Gene expression, the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis, includes two stages: transcription and translation Copyright ? 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Fig. 17-1 Concept 17.1: Genes specify proteins via transcription and translation How was the fundamental relationship between genes and proteins discovered? Copyright ? 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Pearson Ch. 18 - Regulation of Gene Expression

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Ch 18 - Regulation of Gene Expression Overview: Conducting the Genetic Orchestra Prokaryotes and eukaryotes alter gene expression in response to their changing environment In multicellular eukaryotes, gene expression regulates development and is responsible for differences in cell types RNA molecules play many roles in regulating gene expression in eukaryotes Concept 18.1: Bacteria often respond to environmental change by regulating transcription metabolic control occurs on two levels cells can adjust the activity of enzymes already present feedback inhibition - presence of enzyme a shuts down synthesis of more enzyme a by inhibiting activity cells can regulate the expression of the genes encoding the enzymes Operons: The Basic Concept

ap_bio_chap_15_gene_regulation.ppt

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0 15 Regulation of Gene Expression Overview: Differential Expression of Genes Prokaryotes and eukaryotes alter gene expression in response to their changing environment Multicellular eukaryotes also develop and maintain multiple cell types Gene expression is often regulated at the transcription stage, but control at other stages is important, too Concept 15.1: Bacteria often respond to environmental change by regulating transcription Natural selection has favored bacteria that produce only the gene products needed by the cell A cell can regulate the production of enzymes by feedback inhibition or by gene regulation Gene expression in bacteria is controlled by a mechanism described as the operon model Regulation of gene expression Precursor trpE gene (a) Regulation of enzyme
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