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Transfer RNA

Chapter 17 powerpoint

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Biology
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Gene expression
Protein biosynthesis
Molecular biology
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Translation
Prokaryotic translation
Transfer RNA
Messenger RNA
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Ribosome
Non-coding RNA
Gene product

Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein Overview: The Flow of Genetic Information The information content of DNA is in the form of specific sequences of nucleotides The DNA inherited by an organism leads to specific traits by dictating the synthesis of proteins Proteins are the links between genotype and phenotype Gene expression, the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis, includes two stages: transcription and translation Copyright ? 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Fig. 17-1 Concept 17.1: Genes specify proteins via transcription and translation How was the fundamental relationship between genes and proteins discovered? Copyright ? 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Pearson Ch. 17 - From Gene to Protein

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Transfer RNA
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Genetic code
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Ch 17 - From Gene to Protein Overview: The Flow of Genetic Information The information content of DNA is in the form of specific sequences of nucleotides The DNA inherited by an organism leads to specific traits by dictating the synthesis of proteins Proteins are the links between genotype and phenotype Gene expression, the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis, includes two stages: transcription and translation Concept 17.1: Genes specify proteins via transcription and translation Genes specify proteins via transcription and translation How was the fundamental relationship between genes and proteins discovered? Evidence from the Study of Metabolic Defects

ap_bio_chap_14_transcription_translation.ppt

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Biology
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Gene expression
Protein biosynthesis
Molecular biology
RNA
Molecular genetics
Translation
Transfer RNA
Prokaryotic translation
Ribosome
Messenger RNA
Transcription
Genetic code

0 14 Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein Overview: The Flow of Genetic Information The information content of genes is in the form of specific sequences of nucleotides in DNA The DNA inherited by an organism leads to specific traits by dictating the synthesis of proteins Proteins are the links between genotype and phenotype Gene expression, the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis, includes two stages: transcription and translation Concept 14.1: Genes specify proteins via transcription and translation How was the fundamental relationship between genes and proteins discovered? Evidence from the Study of Metabolic Defects In 1902, British physician Archibald Garrod first suggested that genes dictate phenotypes through enzymes that catalyze specific chemical reactions

AP Bio Campbell 7E Chapter 17 Test Bank

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Biology
Genetics
biochemistry
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RNA
Molecular biology
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Translation
Transfer RNA
Messenger RNA
Genetic code
health
behavior
Human development
Interpersonal relationships
Love
Psychoanalysis
Human behavior
Attachment theory
Ethology
Personal life
Technology

Ch 17 Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Garrod hypothesized that "inborn errors of metabolism" such as alkaptonuria occur because a. genes dictate the production of specific enzymes, and affected individuals have genetic defects that cause them to lack certain enzymes. b. enzymes are made of DNA, and affected individuals lack DNA polymerase. c. many metabolic enzymes use DNA as a cofactor, and affected individuals have mutations that prevent their enzymes from interacting efficiently with DNA. d. certain metabolic reactions are carried out by ribozymes, and affected individuals lack key splicing factors. e.

AP Biology Chapter 17 Notes Campbell/Reece

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Spliceosome
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Transfer RNA
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Precursor mRNA

AP Biology Chapter 17 (17.3 and 17.4) 17.3 Eukaryotic cells modify RNA after transcription RNA Processing: in the nucleus ? before it is sent out to the cytoplasm. both ends of the primary transcript are altered certain interior sections are cut out A. Alternation of mRNA Ends (Figure 17.9) Both ends of the mRNA are modified in a particular way 5prime end ? 5prime cap made of modified form of a Guanine nucleotide 3prime end ? poly A tail - 50 to 250 Adenine (A) nucleotides are added. Remember, the mRNA is released soon after the signal AAUAAA is transcribed. So even more A is added on after that. Functions of 5prime cap and poly A tail: facilitate export of the mature mRNA from the nucleus protect the mRNA from degradation by hydrolytic enzymes.

Protein Synthesis

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Biology
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Biology
biochemistry
Protein biosynthesis
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RNA
Molecular genetics
Translation
Messenger RNA
Transfer RNA
Ribosome
Amino acid
health

Protein Synthesis What are proteins? An organic molecule Building block is amino acids Examples: Enzymes Antibodies Hemoglobin Part of Cell Membrane Structural (Collagen) How Are Proteins Made? The instructions for building a protein are found on a gene (DNA). RNA copies the DNA code to make a protein. Step 1 of Protein Synthesis The 1st step is called TRANSCRIPTION Transcription (Transcribe) how would we define? Transcription The information in DNA must be written into mRNA code DNA strand mRNA Who is involved in Transcription? DNA and mRNA mRNA goes to the nucleus to copy DNA and takes the codons to the ribosome Step 2 of Protein Synthesis The 2nd step is called TRANSLATION Translation (Translate) how would we define? Translation

Freshman Biology

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THE BIG PICTURE DNA RNA PROTEIN Replication Transcription Translation Nucleotide Structure SUGAR Ribose in RNA Deoxyribose in DNA PHOSPHATE BASE Function of DNA Replication Produce 2 DNA molecules identical to the parent molecule Each will be distributed to 2 new cells during mitosis & 4 gametes during meiosis Two things can happen to DNA: Replication - so that the cell can divide Transcription ? so that the code for making a protein can be sent into the cell TRANSCRIPTION Function Produce a temporary RNA copy complimentary to part of 1 DNA strand mRNA will be used to take DNA code to ribosome & make protein Transcription animation http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/molgenetics/transcription.swf Steps (in Nucleus)

protein synthesis

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Biology
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Gene expression
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RNA
Translation
Messenger RNA
Transfer RNA
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health

14.1 Structure of ribonucleic acid The genetic code Sequence of nucleotides in DNA forms a code that determines the sequence of amino acids in the proteins. In eukaryotes the DNA code is largely confined to the nucleus. The synthesis of proteins takes place in the cytoplasm. Sections of the DNA code are transcribed onto a single-stranded molecule called ribonucleic acid RNA. There are a number of types of RNA. The one that transfers the DNA code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm acts as a type of messenger and is called messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA is small enough to leave the nucleus through the nuclear pores and to enter the cytoplasm, where the code that it contains is used to determine the sequence of amino acids in the proteins which are synthesised there.
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