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Terrorism

The Cultural Landscape (Rubenstein) Chapter 8 review questions

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?PAGE ? ?PAGE ?1? AP Human Geography Chapter 8 Political Geography 1. What is the difference between old-style geography and human geography? 2. Despite the change in emphasis, why do you still need to know where things are located? 3. How has the nature of conflict changed? Case Study / Changing Borders in Europe 4. What makes it possible for Germany and France to transcend political differences with regard to who controls the border area of Alsace? Introduction 5. Why do some people consider national borders more important than physical features? 6. How has the end of the Cold War changed the political landscape? 7. How has globalization encouraged cooperation among states?

Ch. 8 PPT

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? 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 Lecture Political Geography The Cultural Landscape Eleventh Edition Matthew Cartlidge University of Nebraska-Lincoln ? 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Key Issues ? Where are states distributed? ? Why are nation-states difficult to create? ? Why do boundaries cause problems? ? Why do states cooperate and compete with each other? ? 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Outcomes ? 8.1.1: Explain the three eras of rapid growth in UN membership. ? 8.1.2: Explain why it is difficult to determine if some territories are states. ? 8.1.3: Explain the concept of a nation-state and how it differs from earlier ways to govern. ? 8.2.1: Understand the difference between a nation-state and a multinational state.

Rubenstein Ch 8 Reading Guide

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Political Geography: Key Issue 1 WHERE ARE STATES LOCATED? Rubenstein, pp. 240-247 1. Define state: 2. Define sovereignty: ? PROBLEMS OF DEFINING STATES 3. There is some disagreement about how many states there actually are in the world because of regions which may, or may not, actually be states. Complete the table to demonstrate three cases? KOREA (North and South) People?s Democratic Republic of China (CHINA) and/or Republic of China (TAIWAN) WESTERN SAHARA or SAHRAWI REBPUBLIC One state if you agree that: One state if you agree that: One state if you agree that: Two states if you agree that: Two states if you agree that: No state if you agree that: 4. List the 7 largest states which encompass more than 2 million square miles:

cj 435 defining terrorism

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CJ 435- Terrorism in the 21st Century Propaganda of the Deed Terror from Above Terror from Below Single Issue/ Special Interest Terrorism National Separatists Revolutionary Right Wing Revolutionary Left Wing Religiously Motivated Terrorism Is often asymmetrical warfare Does not abide by the Geneva Convention or any other international law ?Premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience.? ?The unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.?

cj 435 defining terrorism

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CJ 435- Terrorism in the 21st Century Propaganda of the Deed Terror from Above Terror from Below Single Issue/ Special Interest Terrorism National Separatists Revolutionary Right Wing Revolutionary Left Wing Religiously Motivated Terrorism Is often asymmetrical warfare Does not abide by the Geneva Convention or any other international law ?Premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience.? ?The unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.?

cj 435 the looming tower principal characters

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THE LOOMING TOWER PRINCIPAL CHARACTERS Abu Hafs al-Masri: Former Egyptian policeman and member of al-Jihad who was one of al-Qaeda?s military commanders. One of bin Laden?s closest advisors. Killed in American air strike in Nov. 2001. Abu Hajer al-Iraqi: Former Iraqi military officer who joined the jihad in Afghanistan and was a close advisor of bin Laden?s in Sudan. Head of al-Qaeda fatwa committee and rendered 2 opinions that justified violence against US forces and killing innocent people. Currently in US prison. Abu Jandal: bin Laden?s chief bodyguard in Afghanistan. Became a source for the FBI, and currently is free and living in Yemen.

cj 435 the looming tower ch 9

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THE LOOMING TOWER AL-QAEDA AND THE ROAD TO 9/11 CH. 9 THE SILICON VALLEY The Blind Sheikh His followers, living in a neighborhood known as Little Egypt in Jersey City, conspired to bring the World Trade Center towers down. He issued a fatwa in America that permitted his followers to rob banks and kill Jews. He called on Muslims to assail the West, ?cut the transportation of their countries, tear it apart, destroy their economy, burn their companies, eliminate their interests, sink their ships, shoot down their planes, kill them on the sea, air, or land.? bin Laden was financially backing his efforts. Ramzi Yousef Bombed the WTC in 1993 He was the first Islamist terrorist to attack the American homeland

cj 435 the looming tower ch 8

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THE LOOMING TOWER AL-QAEDA AND THE ROAD TO 9/11 CH. 8 PARADISE Hasan al-Turabi Staged a military coup d?etat against the civilian, democratic gov?t of Sudan in 1989. He attributed the failures of the Arab world to the fact that its gov?ts were insufficiently Islamic and too dependent on the West. He envisioned the creation of an international Muslim community, the ummah, headquartered in Sudan, which would then spill into other countries, carrying out the Islamist revolution in and ever-widening circle. Sudan and bin Laden The government of Sudan was eager to have bin Laden live and work in their country. They sent him a letter of invitation, followed by having several members of the Sudanese intelligence service meet with him.

cj 435 the looming tower ch 2

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THE LOOMING TOWER AL- QAEDA AND THE ROAD TO 9/11 CHAPTER 2 Ayman al- Zawahiri Goal in life: to put Qutb?s vision into action At age 15, he formed an underground cell devoted to overthrowing the government and establishing an Islamist state. 1967 war with Israel Israel captured all of the Sinai, Jerusalem, the West Bank, and Golan Heights It crushed the forces of the frontline Arab states This was a psychological turning point in the history of the modern Middle East War continued? Muslims not only lost their armies and their territories, but also their faith in their leaders, their countries, and in themselves. They began to say that God had turned against the Muslims The only way back to Him was to return to the pure religion: Islam is the solution Zawahiri?s goals

cj 435

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THE LOOMING TOWERAL-QAEDA AND THE ROAD TO 9/11 CH. 10 PARADISE LOST Training for terrorism Young men from all over came to Khartoum to train for al-Qaeda. Their motivations varied, but they had in common a belief that Islam (pure and primitive, unmitigated by modernity and uncompromised by politics) would cure the wounds that socialism or Arab nationalism had failed to heal. bin Laden?s main task was to direct them toward a common enemy. ?America the weak? bin Laden told the al-Qaeda recruits that though America appeared so mighty, it was actually weak and cowardly. For all its wealth and resources, America lacks conviction. Tall tales Al-Qaeda was not actually responsible for many of the feats that bin Laden gave them credit for.

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