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Respiratory physiology

Intercostal Muscles

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INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES Inhalation and exhalation make up 1 breath Internal intercostal muscles External intercostal muscles Sternum Inhalation ? Also termed inspiration ? Diaphragm contracts and flattens. ? Internal intercostal muscles relaxes ? While the external intercostal muscles contract ? The rib cage moves up and out. ? Enlarging the thoracic cavity and decreases the air pressure within. ? Air from the surrounding enters the lungs Exhalation ? Also termed expiration ? Diaphragm relaxes and arch upwards. ? Internal intercostal muscles contracts ? While the external intercostal muscles relaxes ? The rib cage moves down and in. ? Air is forced out of the lungs Summary

Respiratory System

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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM SUMMARY Nitrogen 78% COMPOSITION OF AIR Oxygen 21% Argon 0.93% CO2 0.038% Others 0.008% INHALED & EXHALED AIR inhaled air nitrogen (78%) oxygen (20%) carbon dioxide (0.04%) Other gases exhaled air nitrogen (78%) oxygen (16%) carbon dioxide (4%) Other gases Exhaled air contains less O2, but much more CO2 Respiratory system Mechanical respiration Inhalation Exhalation Cellular respiration Glucose+O2?CO2+H2O+ATP(energy) Respiratory system Mechanical respiration Inhalation Exhalation Cellular respiration Glucose+O2?CO2+H2O+ATP(energy) MECHANICAL RES: INHALATION ? Also termed inspiration ? Diaphragm contracts and flattens. ? Internal intercostal muscles relaxes

Biology Lung

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THE ?LUNG ? MODEL ? OBJECTIVES ?? To create a lung model to show the effects of inhalation and exhalation and the effects of respiratory diseases on the function of lungs. PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 1. ?Trachea ? 2. ?Lungs ? 3. ?Diaphragm ? RECAP ?I: ?INHALATION ? 1.?Diaphragm ? contracts ?and ? ?a?ns ? 2.?Rib ?cage ?moves ?up ? and ?out ? ? ?? Thoracic ?cavity ? enlarges ? ?? Lower ?pressure ? within ?the ?lungs ? ?? Air ?enters ?the ? lungs ? RECAP ?II: ?EXHALATION ? 1.?Diaphragm ?relaxes ? and ?moves ?up ? 2.?Rib ?cage ?moves ? ? down ?and ?in. ? ? ?? Rib ?cage ?presses ? on ?the ?lungs ? ?? Air ?is ?forced ?out ?

Gas Exchange

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Topic 6.5 Gas Exchange IB Objective Students will know that the lungs are actively ventilated to ensure that gas exchange can occur passively Distinguish between ventilation, gas exchange and cell respiration Explain the need for a ventilation system I. All Living Things Respire Why living things must respire (breathe): 1. Cellular Respiration ? controlled release of energy in the form of ATP from organic processes in the cell C6H12O6 + O2 ---> 6CO2 + 6H20 + ATP 2. Gas Exchange -- Exchange of gases (Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide) between an organism and it environments 3. Ventilation - process of "changing" or replacing gas (Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide) in a space (ex: lungs) II. Ventilation A. Single celled organisms can easily diffuse gas in and out of a cell
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