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Branches of botany

APUSH Chp. 11 Fall of Other Forms of Cotton

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Tobacco: Upper South - continuing reliance on tobacco, but tobacco notoriously unstable and land-exhaustive - 1830s: ? farmers from old tobacco-growing regions (Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina) changing to other crops ? center of tobacco cultivation to Piedmont Rice: Coastal South (South Carolina, Georgia, Florida) - stable, lucrative, BUT long growing season (9 months), substantial irrigation - only small area of cultivation Sugar: Gulf Coast, southern Louisiana and eastern Texas - Reasonably profitable - Intensive (debilitating) labor, long growing time ? only wealthy could afford to cultivate - Major competition from Caribbean - Did not spread Long-staple (Sea Island) Cotton: coastal regions of Southeast - Could only grow in limited area

xerophytes biofact sheet

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Plant Adaptations to Dry Environments Xerophytes are plants which are adapted to live in dry conditions. Xeromorphic features are those which minimise water loss from the plant. The vast majority of the water which plants absorb via their roots is lost as water vapour from the aerial parts of the plant. This loss of water vapour is known as transpiration and is an inevitable consequence of the large moist surface area of cells which is exposed to air. The large surface area of cells is essential if carbon dioxide and oxygen are to be absorbed by leaves. However, excess water loss is the most common cause of plant death. The most common features of xerophytes are summarised in the table below. Usually small and thick and sometimes leathery with a low surface area to

Plant Structure and Transport Notes

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Form & Function in Flowering Plants ? Structure; Transport Categories: Life Spans: Annuals ? go through complete life cycle in one year or less Biennials ? go through life cycle over a two year period Perennials ? live for many years and typically reproduce yearly Classes: Monocots Dicots http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss8/monocotdicot.html Plant Form and Function: Cells and Tissues: Primary growth: Apical Meristem ? transverse in position thus contributes primarily to an increase in length of the organ ? Fundamental tissues Procambium Ground meristem Protoderm Calyptrogen (only in roots) ? Primary Permanent Tissues
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