Cotton

Most important economic development in 1800s South: shift from upper South to lower south (Atlantic coast to new Southwest, going further west from the coast into areas like Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas - short-staple instead of the South Carolina and Georgia - long-staple) - Growing economic dominance of cotton (Additionally denser slavery in Virginia and North Carolina, tobacco-growing states)
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Tobacco: Upper South - continuing reliance on tobacco, but tobacco notoriously unstable and land-exhaustive - 1830s: ? farmers from old tobacco-growing regions (Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina) changing to other crops ? center of tobacco cultivation to Piedmont Rice: Coastal South (South Carolina, Georgia, Florida) - stable, lucrative, BUT long growing season (9 months), substantial irrigation - only small area of cultivation Sugar: Gulf Coast, southern Louisiana and eastern Texas - Reasonably profitable - Intensive (debilitating) labor, long growing time ? only wealthy could afford to cultivate - Major competition from Caribbean - Did not spread Long-staple (Sea Island) Cotton: coastal regions of Southeast - Could only grow in limited area