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Cellulose

APUSH Chp. 11 Rise of King Cotton

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US History
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Slavery in the United States
Abortifacients
Cellulose
Cotton
Crops
Southern United States
Materials
Agriculture
Goods economics)

Short-staple Cotton: - Hardier/coarser, but easier to grow, more versatility in location and soil - Previously not sued due to difficult of processing (seeds hard to remove from fiber) ? Solved by cotton gin (1793) - Growing demand for cotton ? 1820s and 1830s Britain ? 1840s and 1850s New England - Production moved further west from Southeast Coast - 1850s, cotton the linchpin of southern economy ? 1860s (civil war) , 2/3 of total export trade of US Booming cotton production in Deep South/lower South/cotton kingdom: - Migration of settlers (majority small slaveholders and slaveless farmers) - "Second Middle Passage" 1840 - 1860 huge forced migration of slaves from upper South to lower South/cottons states

carbohydrates_reading_wiley

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Chemistry
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Chemistry
Carbohydrate chemistry
Nutrition
Carbohydrates
Polysaccharides
Excipients
Carbohydrate
Glucose
Biochemistry
Oligosaccharide
Cellulose
Hydrolysis

Carbohydrates Robert J Sturgeon, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK The carbohydrates comprise one of the major groups of naturally occurring organic molecules and are amongst the most abundant constituents of plants, animals and microorganisms. In general, carbohydrates are polyhydroxy-aldehydes or-ketones. They may contain, in addition, amino, acetamido and carboxyl functional groups. Introduction The term carbohydrate includes monosaccharides, oligo- saccharides and polysaccharides. Also included are sub- stances derived from monosaccharides such as alditols, which are derived by reduction of the carbonyl group and carboxylic acids, which are derived by oxidation of one or more terminal groups. Replacement of a hydroxyl group with a hydrogen atom produces a deoxy-sugar and

Sugars

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Biology
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Chemistry
Nutrition
Carbohydrate chemistry
Carbohydrates
Polysaccharides
Excipients
Glucose
Carbohydrate
Disaccharide
Monosaccharide
Cellulose
Hydrogen bond

Chemical Components of Cells - Part I: Sugars 1/14 Living organisms are chemical systems Cells contain relatively few elements The distribution of elements differs dramatically from living organisms to inanimate matter Mostly carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen Why do living organisms contain so much hydrogen and oxygen? Water is the most abundant molecule in the cell Atoms can interact with each other through covalent and non-covalent bonds MOLECULES ARE COVALENTLY BONDED ATOMS Result from the sharing of electrons & form the backbone of molecules Strong molecular bonds that require energy to make and break The number of electrons in the outer shell determine reactivity* Not always shared equally (i.e. Polar vs non-polar molecules)

Chapter 16 Notes

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US History
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Cellulose
Cotton
Crops
CNote
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• Chapter 16: The South and the Slavery Controversy o Northern shippers received a large part of profits from cotton trade o Cotton accounted for half of all US exports o 75% of Britain’s cotton from south o King Cotton, Cotton Kingdom, cottonocracy o Planter aristocracy heavily influenced Southern government o Favorite author of elite – Sir Walter Scott – idealized a feudal society o “land butchery” – excessive cultivation o Leakage of population to west and northwest o Economic structure of South monopolistic o Financial instability of plantation system o One-crop economy – price depended on world conditions o Repelled large-scale immigration in south o Social Classes  Wealthy slave owners – 100+ slaves
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