AP WORLD HISTORY Flashcards
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Ch.10 Intelligence, Testing & Individual Differences Flashcards
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| 25430500 | intelligence | those attributes that center around skill at information processing, problem solving, and adapting to new or changing situations | |
| 25430501 | Stanford- Binet test | test for determining IQ | |
| 25430502 | IQ test | designed to meaure intelligence on an objective, standardized scale | |
| 25430503 | mental age | age level of most advanced items that could be answered correctly on IQ test | |
| 25430504 | Wechsler Intelligence Tests | improvement on Stanford-Binet IQ test | |
| 25430505 | perceptual reasoning cluster | tasks assembling blocks solving mazes, reasoning about pictures (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) | |
| 25430506 | verbal comprehension cluster | define vocab, explain sentence meaning, identify word similarity (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) | |
| 25430507 | working memory cluster | recall series of numbers, put random sequence of numbers in order (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) | |
| 25430508 | fluid reasoning | completing verbal analogies (5th edition Stanford-Binet) | |
| 25430509 | knowledge | defining words, detecting absurdities in pictures (5th edition Stanford-Binet) | |
| 25430510 | quantitative reasoning | math problems (5th edition Stanford-Binet) | |
| 25430511 | visual-spatial processing | assembling a puzzle (5th edition Stanford-Binet) | |
| 25430512 | working memory | repeating a sentence (5th edition Stanford-Binet) | |
| 25430513 | intelligence quotient (IQ score) | index of intelligence that reflects the degree to which a person's score diviates fr the average score of others the same age | |
| 25430514 | aptitude test | designed to measure a person's capacity to learn certain things or perform certain tasks | |
| 25430515 | achievement test | measure of what a person has accomplished or learned in a particular area | |
| 25430516 | test | systematic procedure for observing behavior in standard situation and describing it with the help of a numerical scale or category system | |
| 25430517 | norm | description of the frequency at which particular scores occur | |
| 25430518 | reliability | the degree to which a test can be repeated with the same results | |
| 25430519 | split-half method | correlation coefficient calculated between each person's scores on two comparable halves of the test (measuring reliability) | |
| 25430520 | test-retest | same group of people take same test twice (measuring reliability) | |
| 25430521 | validity | the degree to which test scores re interpreted correctly and used appropriatly | |
| 25430522 | content validity | deree to which content of the test is a representative sample of what the test is supposed to measure | |
| 25430523 | predictive calidity | test scores correclated with a criterion that cannot be measured until some time in the furutre | |
| 25430524 | construct validity | extent to which scores suggest a test is actually measuring what it claims to measure | |
| 25430525 | developed ability | what intelligence has been concluded to be. Partly influenced by genetics, life experiences, and culture | |
| 25430526 | blooming period | time of rapid academic growth | |
| 25430527 | psychometric approach | way of studying intelligence that emphasizes analysis of the products of intelligece, especially scores on IQ tests | |
| 25430528 | g (generalized intelligence) | general intelligence factor that Spearman postulated as accounting for positive correlations between people's scores on cognitive ability tests | |
| 25430529 | s | group of special abilities that Spearman saw as accompanying general intelligence (g) | |
| 25430530 | fluid intelligence | basic reasoning and problem solving | |
| 25430531 | crystallized intelligence | specific knowledge gained as a result of applying fluid intelligence | |
| 25430532 | information-processing approach | focuses on mental operations, such as attention and memory, that underlie intelligent behavior | |
| 25430533 | analytic intelligence | logical, would help you solve a physics problem | |
| 25430534 | creative intelligence | the intelligence you would you to compose music | |
| 25430535 | practical intelligence | intelligence used if stranded or lost somewhere | |
| 25430536 | triarchic theory of intelligence | Sternberg's theory that describes intelligence as having analytic, creative, and practical dimensions | |
| 25430537 | multiple intelligences | all people possess a number of intelligences with a different set of skills | |
| 25430538 | linguistic intelligence | good vocab and reading comprehension | |
| 25430539 | logical-mathematical intelligence | skill at math and certain kinds of reasoning | |
| 25430540 | spatial intelligence | understanding relationships between objects | |
| 25430541 | musical intelligence | abilities with rhythm, tempo, sound | |
| 25430542 | body-kinesthetic intelligence | skill at dancing, athletics, hand-eye coordination | |
| 25430543 | intrapersonal intelligence | self-understanding | |
| 25430544 | interpersonal intelligence | ability to understand and interact with others | |
| 25430545 | naturalistic intelligence | ability to see patterns in nature | |
| 25430546 | emotional intelligence | capacity to perceive emotions and link them to thoughts | |
| 25430547 | creativity | the capacity to produce new, high-quality ideas or products | |
| 25430548 | divergent thinking | ability to think along many alternative paths to generate many different solutions to a problem | |
| 25430549 | creative skills | willingness to work hard, persistence at problem solving, ability to break problem-solving habits, willingness to take risks | |
| 25430550 | convergent thinking | ability to apply logic and knowledge to narrow down the number of possible solutions to a problem or perform some other complex task | |
| 25430551 | Down syndrome | extra 21st chromosome | |
| 25430552 | Familial retardation | no obvious genetic or environmental cause | |
| 25430553 | metacognition | knowledge of what strategies to apply and when to apply them, and how to use them in new situations | |
| 25430554 | mainstreaming | teaching those with mental disabilities in classrooms with children that don't have disabilities | |
| 25430555 | learning disability | significant discrepancy between a person's measured intelligence and their academic performance | |
| 25430556 | dyslexia | difficulty understanding the meaning of what is read | |
| 25430557 | dysphasia | difficulty understanding spoken word or recalling words for speech | |
| 25430558 | dysgraphia | problems with writing | |
| 25430559 | dyscalculia | difficulty understanding quantity or basic principles of arithmetic |
American Pageant 13th Edition Chapter 23 Flashcards
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| 306674914 | Resumption Act | lowered the number of greenbacks in circulation and started the redeeming of paper money at face value | |
| 306674915 | Split in the Republican party | Stalwarts and Half-Breeds | |
| 306674916 | G.A.R. | Grand Army of the Republic, military veteran group that supported the Republicans. Helped push many military pension bills into act. | |
| 306674917 | William Belknap | Caught swindling money by selling trinkets to the indians | |
| 306674918 | Credit mobilier scandal | The company building the transcontinental railroad sub hired to get paid double. Many people in congress and even the VP were involved. | |
| 306674919 | Whiskey Ring | People stole tax money from the government. Grant's secretary was involved. | |
| 306674920 | Boss Tweed | Ran a local political district "Tammany Hall". Used bribes, rigged elections, and other scandals to control. | |
| 306674921 | Samuel Tilden | Gained fame in prosecuting Tweed, ran against Rutherford B. Hayes in 1876, barely lost | |
| 306674922 | Thomas Nast | Political cartoonist that exposed Boss Tweed. | |
| 306674923 | Liberal Republican Party | A new party intending to reform the scandals involved in the gilded age | |
| 306674924 | Horace Greenly | Nomination for the Liberal Republican Party, editor of New York Times. Democrats supported them. | |
| 306674925 | "Jubilee" Jim Fisk and Jay Gould | Almost pulled off a scheme to corner the gold market to themselves | |
| 306674926 | Horatio Seymour | Democratic candidate that ran against Ulysses S. Grant in his first term of election | |
| 306674927 | Greenback Labor Party | Supported soft money policies and more greenbacks in system | |
| 306674928 | Roscoe Conkling | Stalwart Republican's candidate | |
| 306674929 | James G. Blaine | Half-Breed's candidate | |
| 306674930 | Compromise of 1877 | End of Reconstruction, North got Rutherford B. Hayes elected (after stalemate) , and South got removal of military from south | |
| 306674931 | Causes of Panic of 1873 | Over building and bad loans | |
| 306674932 | Coinage Act of 1873 | No more silver coins | |
| 306674933 | Jim Crow Laws | Laws in south that legalized segregation in the South | |
| 306674934 | Plessy vs Ferguson | "Separate but equal" court case | |
| 306674935 | Great Railroad Strike of 1877 | Wages were cut 10% and workers went on strike. Federal troops sent in because they were interfering with the Mail system. | |
| 306674936 | US vs Wong Kim Ark 1898 | Guaranteed citizenship to all persons born in the US | |
| 306674937 | 1880 Election | Garfield is Republican candidate, Winfield Scott Hancock is Democratic candidate. | |
| 306674938 | Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 | Forbade immigration of Chinese to the US | |
| 306674939 | James A. Garfield | "Dark horse candidate"-previously unknown. Assassinated in 1881, Chester A. Arthur takes over | |
| 306674940 | Pendleton Act | Jobs based upon a competitive exam and placed the Civil Service Commission in charge of appointments, "Magna Carta of civil service reform" | |
| 306674941 | Civil Service Commission | Awarded jobs based on merit | |
| 306674942 | Election of 1884 | Blaine vs Cleveland, Mudslingers, all about personality NOT policy | |
| 306674943 | Mugwumps | Reform minded Republicans that went to Democrats because they did not support James G. Blaine | |
| 306674944 | Grover Cleveland | Not very good at keeping the spoils system away. Helped bridge North-South gap by appointing 2 former confederates to his cabinet | |
| 306674945 | Tariff issue of 1888 | Cleveland wanted to lower tariff because the government was taking too much money in and had a large surplus. | |
| 306674946 | Election of 1888 | Cleveland ran for a second term (D) against Benjamin Harrison (R), Harrison won. | |
| 306674947 | Thomas "Czar" Reed | Ran House of Representatives like a dictator, first "Billion Dollar Congress". Liberal pensions to veterans, silver purchases, and McKinley Tariff | |
| 306674948 | McKinley Tariff | Rates to 48%, highest peacetime rates ever | |
| 306674949 | Populist Party | AKA People's party, sprung out of Farmer's Alliance Supported... Soft money (and silver), Graduated Income Tax, Direct Elections of Senators, Gov regulation of RRs telephones and telegraphs, referendum, shorter working day, and immigration restrictions | |
| 306674950 | Referendum | The ability for citizens to propose and pass laws themselves | |
| 306674951 | Homestead Strike | At a Carnegie Mill, steelworkers angry over pay cuts. James Frick hired to break up strike with help of Pinkertons, Federal troops break it up. | |
| 306674952 | Depression of 1893 | Budget deficit and nation's gold supply was getting dangerously low. | |
| 306674953 | Sherman Silver Purchase Act | The government had to buy silver and print paper money to pay for it, the people could then turn in the paper money for gold, eventually repealed | |
| 306674954 | William Jennings Bryan | Advocate for silver and soft money | |
| 306674955 | JP Morgan and depression of 1893 | Cleveland went to Morgan for a loan of gold | |
| 306674956 | Wilson Gorman Tariff | Change to McKinley Tariff. Would have benefited the rich. |
APUSH unit 1 (American History: A Survey) Flashcards
Chapters 1-3 APUSH-Taylor
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| 460132628 | Tribal societies | Societies in which people supported themselves through hunting and gathering with simple tools, such as the spear. There was a great deal of diversity between these groups, although they are usually all categorized as the same | |
| 460132629 | Mayans | 1500 B.C. to 900 A.D. This is the most advanced civilization of the time in the Western Hempishere. Central America. | |
| 460132630 | Aztecs | The Azetcs were a Native American Empire who lived in Mexico. Their capital was Tenochtitlan (modern-day mexico city). Human Sacrifices. Cortes conquered them in 1521. | |
| 460132631 | Cahokia | an ancient settlement of southern Indians, located near present day St. Louis, it served as a trading center for 40,000 at its peak in A.D. 1200. On Mississippi River. | |
| 460132632 | Subsistence agriculture | Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family. | |
| 460132633 | Nationalism | Often associated with elitism. The love of one's country and willingness to sacrifice for it. | |
| 460132634 | Christopher Columbus | Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China. Landed in Bahamas (Lived 1451-1506 but famed voyage in 1492). | |
| 460132635 | Smallpox | A Deadly disease that Europeans brought to the New World. It spread rapidly to many Natives with little or no immunity. Wiped out whole cities and Indian Nations. | |
| 460132636 | Conquistadors | the Spanish soldiers, explorers, and fortune hunters who took part in the conquest of the Americas in the 16th century | |
| 460132637 | Missionaries | people sent out to carry a religious message; also focuses on converting non-Christian natives to Christianity. Famous for Missions (remember the missions along California coast along with Presidios) | |
| 460132638 | Pueblo | a communal village built by Indians in the southwestern United States | |
| 460132639 | Spanish empire | included most of Central and South America, southwestern United States, small colonies in Africa, and islands in the Caribbean and Pacific. Captured much land but often didn't colonize like Britain did. | |
| 460132640 | African slave trade | Forced migration of millions of Africans to the Americas to work on plantations for tobacco, cotton, and others. See Triangle Trade | |
| 460132641 | Dutch West India Company | Trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchants' trade in the Americas and Africa. Triangle Trade | |
| 460132642 | Enclosure movement | This was the way that the English landowners would now organize their land so that the farmers would become more productive in their work | |
| 460132643 | Merchant capitalism | the earliest form of capitalism based on buying and selling finished goods and agricultural products from merchant-class workers in market networks | |
| 460132644 | Mercantilism | An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods that they bought | |
| 460132645 | Martin Luther | a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices. Founder of Protestant Reformation | |
| 460132646 | John Calvin | Swiss theologian (born in France) and religious reformer who believed in predestination (people were either destined for damnation or salvation before they were born) and a strict sense of morality for society. Lead to Presbyterianism (1509-1564) | |
| 460132647 | Henry VIII | English king who created the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage (divorce with Church approval). Cut ties with Catholic Church | |
| 460132648 | English Reformation | Result of the disagreement between Henry VIII and the Pope, created the Church of England or Anglican Church which was separate from the Catholic Church, still left little room for religious freedom | |
| 460132649 | Calvinist Puritans | They fled their country under Queen Mary and when they returned to England, they brought back with them more radical religious ideas. They continued to clamor for reforms that would "purify" the church | |
| 460132650 | Church of England | Church created in England as a result of a political dispute between Henry VIII and the Pope, Pope would not let Henry divorce his wife. Aka Anglican Church | |
| 460132651 | Separatists | Pilgrims that started out in Holland in the 1620's who traveled over the Atlantic Ocean on the Mayflower. These were the purest, most extreme Pilgrims existing, claiming that they were too strong to be discouraged by minor problems as others were. | |
| 460132652 | Elizabeth I | This queen of England chose a religion between the Puritans and Catholics and required her subjects to attend church or face a fine. She also required uniformity and conformity to the Church of England | |
| 460132653 | James I | Issued charters in 1606 to the London and Plymouth Companies. Believed in Divine Right of Kings and oppressed Puritans. | |
| 460132654 | Plantation model of colonization | Transplantations of English society in the New World and Ireland. English kept themselves separate from natives. | |
| 460132655 | Fur trade | The trading of animal pelts (especially beaver skins) by Indians for European goods in North America. Dominated by French. | |
| 460132656 | Spanish Armada | the Spanish fleet that attempted to invade England, ending in disaster, due to the raging storm in the English Channel as well as the smaller and better English navy led by Francis Drake. This is viewed as the decline of Spains Golden Age, and the rise of England as a world naval power. | |
| 460132657 | Roanoke | Established in 1587. Called the Lost Colony. It was financed by Sir Walter Raleigh, and its leader in the New World was John White. All the settlers disappeared, and historians still don't know what became of them. | |
| 460132658 | jamestown | Settled by 104 men who survived journey on the Godspeed, the Discovery, and the Susan Constant. In Chesapeake Bay. The first successful settlement in the Virginia colony founded in May, 1607. Harsh conditions nearly destroyed the colony but in 1610 supplies arrived with a new wave of settlers. The settlement became part of the Virginia Company of London in 1620. The population remained low due to lack of supplies until agriculture was solidly established. Jamestown grew to be a prosperous shipping port and introduced tobacco as a major export and cash crop. | |
| 460132659 | John Smith | Young world traveler and captain who saved Jamestown. He reorganized Jamestown government and administration and was the head of the government. He also organized Raids against Indians for protection. | |
| 460132660 | Virginia Company | Formerly, the London Company. Sold stock to adventurers who would colonize America and share profits. User of indentured servitude. Established the first permanent English colony (Jamestown) in the Americas. | |
| 460132661 | Tobacco | Cash Crop of Virginia (Jamestown), arguably saved Jamestown from extinction. | |
| 460132662 | Headright system | 50 acre grants of land, which new settlers could acquire in a variety of ways. Those who already lived in the colony received 100 acres. Encouraged families to move over together and the paying for indentured servants for more land. | |
| 460132663 | Indentured servants | People who could not afford passage to the colonies could become indentured servants. Another person would pay their passage, and in exchange, the indentured servant would serve that person for a set length of time (usually seven years) and then would be free. Could be indentured to companies such as Virginia Company. | |
| 460132664 | Powhatan Indians | The Indians surrounding Jamestown that warred with the English colonists. | |
| 460132665 | Pocahontas | Chief's daughter captured by Thomas Dale and eventually converted and married John Rolfe. | |
| 460132666 | Royal Colony | A colony under the direct control of a monarch (ie the crown) | |
| 460132667 | Proprietary Colony | The ruling people were the true and absolute lords and proprietaries and were to acknowledge the ultimate sovereignty of the king only by paying an annual fee to the crown. (i.e. Lords Baltimore and Maryland Region) | |
| 460132668 | Charter Colony | colony established by a group of settlers who had been given a formal document allowing them to settle by the Crown (Virginia Charter) | |
| 460132669 | Bacon's Rebellion | an uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon. It was the first rebellion in the American colonies in which discontented frontiersmen took part; The uprising was a protest against the governor of Virginia, William Berkeley, an autocrat (absolute power) and policies regarding Natives. | |
| 460132670 | Plymouth Plantation | A settlement of Separatists outside the London Company's territory. These Separatists, the Pilgrims, received help from the Indians and made friends with some of them. Pilgrims that settled in Massachusetts (originally near Cape Cod but later moved). | |
| 460132671 | Mayflower Compact | 1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony. | |
| 460132672 | William Bradford | Original Pilgrim and separatist leader, the second governor of the Plymouth colony, 1621-1657. He developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks. | |
| 460132673 | John Winthrop | As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, Winthrop (1588-1649) was instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present-day Boston, as a "city upon a hill" from which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world. | |
| 460132674 | Massachusetts Bay Colony | Set up by Massachusetts Bay Company, a group of Puritan Merchants, and chartered by an unknowing King Charles and settled much of New England. (commenced in 1629). No officials controlled the Company from England since Winthrop brought the Charter. | |
| 460132675 | Theocracy | Massachusetts gave great power to ministers informally who influenced their congregations politically. | |
| 460132676 | Roger Williams | He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs. Promoted Secularism and wanted to separate from Church of England. | |
| 460132677 | Anne Hutchinson | Anne Hutchinson was a dissenter in the Massachusetts Bay Colony who caused a schism in the Puritan community. Eventually, Hutchinson's faction lost out in a power struggle for the governorship. She was expelled from the colony in 1673 | |
| 460132678 | Pequot War | Conflict between English settlers (and native allies) against Pequot Indians over control of land and trade with the Dutch in eastern Connecticut. Pequots were decimated and were either killed or enslaved. | |
| 460132679 | King Phillip's War | was an armed conflict between Native American inhabitants of present-day southern New England and English colonists and their Native American allies from 1675-1676. The war is named after the main leader of the Native American side known to the English as King Phillip. Back and forth war that involved constant raids on both sides. | |
| 460132680 | English Civil War | This was the revolution as a result of whether the sovereignty would remain with the king or with the Parliament. Eventually, the kingship was abolished under Charles I, son of King James I. Result of Charles establishing an absolute monarchy. Cavaliers vs Roundheads | |
| 460132681 | New York Colony | Colony founded by Dutch in 1624. Very diverse and wealthy colony. Contained the Hudson river, King Charles II gave his brother (Duke of York) land already claimed by the Dutch. Created conflict, Dutch lost for good in 1674. Formerly New Amsterdam. | |
| 460132682 | Quakers | English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preache a doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania | |
| 460132683 | William Penn | A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution. (1644-1718) | |
| 460132684 | Carolina Colonies | Had a constitution called the Fundamental Constitution for Carolina made with the help of John Locke in 1669. The northern and southern parts developed differently. The north did not import many slaves and had no aristocracy. The south was more prosperous and had an aristocratic society. Unstable colonies for many years. | |
| 460132685 | Pennsylvania Colony | a place founded by William Penn where all people regardless of race or religion, were treated fairly. Founded by Quakers for purpose of Pacifism and Self Governance. Payed Indians for the land. | |
| 460132686 | Caribbean Colonies | The most important colonist destination during the first half of the 17th century for British. Grew sugar with help from slaves. Most native populations were killed and/or enslaved and reduced severely. | |
| 460132687 | Georgia Colony | founded in 1733 by James Oglethorpe; settled by debtors and unfortunates; border between Spanish Florida and the Carolinas; religious toleration to all Protestant Christians but not Catholics; first proprietary than royal colony. At first, strict military guidelines but eventually they were loosened. | |
| 460132688 | Navigation Acts | Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries. | |
| 460132689 | Dominion of New England | 1686 - The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). The Dominion ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros. | |
| 460132690 | Glorious Revolution | A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange. Bloodless Coup. Colonists unseated Andros after they learned of the coup. | |
| 460132691 | Leisler's Rebellion | Jacob Leisler seized control of lower New York from 1689 to 1691. The uprising, which occurred in the midst of Britain's "Glorious Revolution," reflected colonial resentment against the policies of King James II. Royal authority was restored in 1691 by British troops | |
| 460132692 | Coode's Rebellion | John Coode drove out Lord Baltimore and his officials and made a Protestant government, making the Anglican Church of England the only church of Maryland. (Ended the 'Province of Maryland') | |
| 460132693 | Indenture system | Used when the introduction of tobacco in colonial Virginia lead to the need of more poor people for their workforce. Ideology behind it is that a servant's trip is paid for by a company or planter and they work off their debt. Not always voluntary. Most indentured servants after time was up struggled to work. | |
| 460132694 | Birth and death rates | Population of American Colonies grew rapidly and many Africans were brought over for enslavement leading to their domination of population groups along the coast. Birth Rates sky rocketed because of increased reproduction rates and increased life spans. | |
| 460132695 | Midwives | Assisted women in childbirth, but they also dispensed other medical advice. Often friends and/or neighbors of patients. Threatened male doctors. | |
| 460132696 | Patriarchal society | Male authority was undermined by women's high mortality rates and families not staying intact for long. | |
| 460132697 | Middle Passage | a voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies. Very harsh. | |
| 460132698 | Royal African Company of England | maintained a monopoly on African trade in the mainland colonies; kept prices high and supplies low; monopoly broken in the 1690s; prices fell and supplies increased | |
| 460132699 | Slave codes | laws that controlled the lives of enslaved african americans and denied them basic rights | |
| 460132700 | Palatinate Germans | Germans from the Rhineland of southwestern Germany, who left for England due to constant French invasion, and soon established a prominent population in the Pennsylvania colony. | |
| 460132701 | Huguenots | French Protestants (calvinists). Hundreds of thousands of Huguenots fled to America after loss of religious freedoms by Roman Catholic French. | |
| 460132702 | Scotch-Irish | the most numerous of newcomers to America, Scotch Presbyterians who had previously settled in northern Ireland, came to America and pushed out the edges of European settlement, and occupied land without regard to who owned it. | |
| 460132703 | Catholics | Catholics from Scotland after defeats in Ireland moved to colonies (mostly N.C.) | |
| 460132704 | Iron Act of 1750 | An English parliamentary regulation that restricted metal processing in the colonies. | |
| 460132705 | Triangular trade | A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa | |
| 460132706 | Consumerism | concentration on producing and distributing goods for a market which must constantly be enlarged | |
| 460132707 | Plantation economy | economic system that produced crops, especially sugar, cotton, and tobacco, using slave labor on large estates | |
| 460132708 | Plantation slavery | By the mid 1700s, about three-fourths of slaves worked on plantations. New equalized sex ratios and an increase in life expectancy caused stronger family structures and bonds. Some of the early blacks combined their native tongue with the English language. | |
| 460132709 | Gullah | language developed by African workers so white masters could not understand them, hybrid of English and African, culturallly a connection to Africa | |
| 460132710 | Stono Rebellion | The most serious slave rebellion in the the colonial period which occurred in 1739 in South Carolina. 100 African Americans rose up, got weapons and killed several whites then tried to escape to S. Florida. The uprising was crushed and the participants executed. The main form of rebellion was running away, though there was no where to go. | |
| 460132711 | Puritan community | A town was generally able to runs its own affairs, Residents held a yearly town meeting to decide important questions and elect officials. Only adult males were able to participate. Democracy. | |
| 460132712 | Primogeniture | system where the eldest son in a family inherits all of the parent's land. Wasn't used in colonies and instead a father would divide his land amongst all of his sons. | |
| 460132713 | Salem witch trials | Several accusations of witchcraft led to sensational trials in Salem, Massachusetts at which Cotton Mather presided as the chief judge. 18 people were hanged as witches. Many witch trials were spread throughout New England as Hysteria grew. | |
| 460132714 | The Great Awakening | religious revival in the 1730-40s, helped by Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield; inspired controversy over emotionalism/revivalism versus traditionalist Protestantism, nevertheless united the Americans as a people | |
| 460132715 | Enlightenment | movement during the 1700's that spread the idea that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society | |
| 460132716 | Almanacs | Books that included info about weather and predictions for crops, included maps, calendars, and medical advice. They especially appealed to the commoners and were most popular nonreligious literature in Early America. | |
| 460132717 | Literacy rates | White Males had high literacy rates ( >50%) while literacy rates of women lagged. Most education ended at primary school level and it was mostly for men. | |
| 460132718 | Harvard | The oldest college in America, which reflected Puritan commitment to an educated ministry. | |
| 460132719 | Benjamin Franklin | Printer, author, inventor, diplomat, statesman, and Founding Father. One of the few Americans who was highly respected in Europe, primarily due to his discoveries in the field of electricity. | |
| 460132720 | Cotton Mather | minister, part of Puritan New England important families, a scholar, one of first americans to promote vaccination of smallpox when it was believed to be dangerous, strongly believed on witches, encouraged witch trials in salem. | |
| 460132721 | Smallpox inoculation | Gave mild cases of small pox to people to give them immunity to disease. Promoted by Cotton Mather. By mid-1700s it was a common medical procedure in colonies. | |
| 460132722 | John Peter Zenger | Journalist who questioned the policies of the governor of New York in the 1700's. He was jailed; he sued, and this court case was the basis for our freedom of speech and press. He was found not guilty. |
American History: A Survey - Chapter 3 Flashcards
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| 46482098 | mid 1700s | When did the colonists started to call themselves Americans | |
| 46482099 | late 1600s | When did the white and the black become the dominant population group (along the Atlantic coast) | |
| 46482100 | english laborers | the dominant group of colonists were | |
| 46482101 | indentured servants (bond to their master for 4-5 years and promised freedom afterwards) | 3/4 of the immigrants (especially in Southern colonies) were | |
| 46482102 | (approx) 1/4 | how many of the indentured servants were women? | |
| 46482103 | 1615 | When did the first ship carrying convicts came to America | |
| 46482104 | Chesapeake bay | How is the area of the first colonies called? | |
| 46482105 | mid-Atlantic (New York, Pennsylvania) | The indentures coming after 1700 preferred ________ colonies to southern colonies because of better work conditions | |
| 46482106 | (approx.) 1/4 million | What was the population of America at the end of 17th century | |
| 46482107 | late 1600s | When did the male-female ratio become balanced? | |
| 46482108 | very hight at first (75 yrs), dropped during 17th century, then started to increase | How was the life expectancy in the Chesapeake | |
| 46482109 | New England (the Puritan church) | Which area was more religious (New England X Chesapeake) | |
| 46482110 | late 1600s | When did the supply of slaves to North America became plentiful? | |
| 46482111 | 11 million | How many slaves were forced to immigrate to the Americas | |
| 46482112 | before 1620 | When did the first black laborers arrive in English North America | |
| 46482113 | Royal African Company of England | Which group maintained a monopoly on the slave trade until 1697 | |
| 46482114 | (approx) 25,000 | How many slaves lived in America by the end of the 17th century? | |
| 46482115 | the South | The vast majority of the slave around 1760 lived in ________ | |
| 46482116 | Slave Codes | The treatment of the slaves in every state was regulated by | |
| 46482117 | French Calvinists (after 1685) | What was the first big group of non-english immigrants? | |
| 46482118 | Pennsylvania Dutch | About 3000 Palatinate Germans found home in the America after 1709 and became known as | |
| 46482119 | Scotch-Irish Presbyterians | "What was the most numerous ""newcomers"" group?" | |
| 46482120 | tobacco | What was the basis of the economy in the Chesapeake region? | |
| 46482121 | Stono Rebellion in South Carolina (1739) | Which slave revolt was the most important | |
| 46482122 | great house | How was the house of the planter, located in the middle of a larger cluster of buildings, called? | |
| 46482123 | Gullah | What is the name of the language the slaves developed to communicate with each other | |
| 46482124 | isolated farm | What was the characteristic social unit in the South | |
| 46482125 | town | What was the characteristic social unit in the North | |
| 46482126 | selectmen | "At a yearly ""town meeting"" a group of men was chosen to decide the important questions, they were called ______" | |
| 46482127 | patriarchal | Most puritans subscribed to the ______ model. | |
| 46482128 | Salem (Massachusetts), 1692 | When and where broke out the most famous witchcraft event | |
| 46482129 | merchants | The leaders of the cities were generally _______ | |
| 46482130 | Philadelphia and New York | Which were the two largest ports in the 1770s | |
| 46482131 | (approx.) 25,000 | what was the population of New York in 1770s | |
| 46482132 | molasses | What was rum made of | |
| 46482133 | Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign parts | What is the name of the institution found by the Church of England in 1701 | |
| 46482134 | Toleration act (1649) | By which act was Maryland distinguished as a Catholic refuge | |
| 46482135 | Maryland act (1691) | Which act deprived Maryland's catholics (3,000 people) of political and religious rights | |
| 46482136 | John and Charles Wesley | Who were the founders of Methodism | |
| 46482137 | General Court of Massachusetts (1636) | Who established Harvard | |
| 46482138 | Cotton Mather | Who initiated smallpox inoculation in Massachusetts | |
| 46482139 | indentured servants | During the seventeenth century, at least three-fourths of the immigrants who came to the Chesapeake colonies came as: |
A&P: Ch. 7 - Muscular System (2) Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 368379852 | extensor muscle | the muscle that straightens the joint | |
| 368379853 | flexor muscle | the muscle that bends the joint | |
| 368379854 | electromyogram (EMG) | a written record of the strength of muscle contractions when stimulated with an electrical impulse | |
| 368379855 | intercalated disc | a structure that connects heart tissue cells to facilitate a smooth contraction | |
| 368379856 | glycogen | the form that glucose (sugar) takes when it is stored in the liver and skeletal muscles | |
| 368379857 | ATP | adenosine triphosphate: the energy storage molecule used to power muscle contraction and other cellular reactions. | |
| 368379858 | lactic acid | a byproduct of intense exercise and the resulting breakdown of high levels of glucose to ATP, resulting in fatigue and muscle weakness until more oxygen is received | |
| 368379859 | oxygen debt | the amount of oxygen needed after intense exercise to convert lactic acid back to glucose, achieved through an increase in breathing and heart rate | |
| 368379860 | rigor mortis | the stiffening process of the entire body after death, caused by the buildup of calcium in muscles | |
| 368379861 | biceps | anterior upper arm muscles, flexes arm | |
| 368379862 | triceps | posterior upper arm muscle, extends arm | |
| 368379863 | orbicularis oculi | muscle encircling the eye. closes eyelid | |
| 368379864 | masseter | jaw muscle, closes jaw | |
| 368379865 | sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle, flexes and rotates head | |
| 368379866 | pectoralis major | chest muscle, flexes the chest area | |
| 368379869 | intercostals | muscles between ribs, assist with breathing | |
| 368379871 | latissimus dorsi | mid-lower back muscle, rotates and extends arms | |
| 368379874 | gastrocnemius | posterior calf muscle, medial to the soleus major, flexes foot | |
| 368399813 | actin | protein of the thin filament of the sarcomere; works with myosin to perform contraction | |
| 368399814 | myosin | protein of the thick filament of the sarcomere of muscle fibers; works with actin to perform contraction | |
| 368399815 | sarcomere | one of the segments, or sub units, of a myofibril; the contractile unit of a muscle cell | |
| 368399816 | sarcolemma | muscle cell membrane | |
| 368399817 | sarcoplasmic reticulum | an organelle of muscles cells that stores calcium | |
| 368399818 | action potential | change of the electrical charge of a nerve or muscle fiber when stimulated; in impulse | |
| 368399819 | z lines | lines visible on the surface of skeletal muscle that mark the ends of each sarcomere | |
| 368399820 | T tubule | a deep invagination of the sarcolemma that aids conduction of the impulse deep into the cell to the sarcoplasmic reticulum | |
| 368399821 | I-band | the zone of thin filaments not superimposed by thick filaments | |
| 368399822 | A-band | the entire length of the thick filament | |
| 368399823 | tropomyosin | the actin-blocking protein that prevents myosin heads from forming a crossbridge with actin | |
| 368399824 | troponin | attaches tropomyosin to actin; combines with calcium to release tropomysin from actin and allow crossbridge of myocin to actin |
World that trade created Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 201385597 | libertine | a free thinker, usually used disparagingly; one without moral restraint | |
| 201385598 | incumbent | currently holding an office | |
| 201385599 | expenditures | Government spending of revenues. Major areas of federal spending are social services and national defense. | |
| 201385600 | altruistic | unselfish, concerned with the welfare of others | |
| 201385601 | bonanza | a sudden happening that brings good fortune (as a sudden opportunity to make money) | |
| 201385602 | aphrodisiac | a drug or other agent that stimulates sexual desire | |
| 201385603 | fiat | an official order | |
| 201385604 | laissez | Faire-Leave the economy alone; no government interference | |
| 201385605 | innovation | the act of starting something for the first time | |
| 201385606 | juxtaposition | a side-by-side position | |
| 201385607 | proliferated | to increase rapidly in size | |
| 201385608 | reciprocity | mutual exchange of commercial or other privileges | |
| 201385609 | pragmatism | the attribute of accepting the facts of life and favoring practicality and literal truth | |
| 201385610 | diaspora | the dispersion or spreading of something that was originally localized (as a people or language or culture) | |
| 201385611 | itinerant | traveling from place to place to work | |
| 201385612 | littoral | the region of the shore of a lake or sea or ocean | |
| 201385613 | bourgeois | a member of the middle class | |
| 201385614 | nepotistic | show favoritism, especially to relatives | |
| 201385615 | annexation | the formal act of acquiring something (especially territory) by conquest or occupation | |
| 201385616 | monetary | relating to or involving money | |
| 201385617 | burgeoning | expanding or growing rapidly | |
| 201385618 | cartaz | A license issued by the Portuguese that permitted non-Portuguese traders to operate in areas of the Indian Ocean controlled by the Portuguese. | |
| 201385619 | pochteca | special merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items | |
| 201385620 | aborigines | The original of earliest known inhabitants of a country. | |
| 201385621 | tariff | a government tax on imports or exports | |
| 201385622 | arbitragers | traders who help to keep states' currencies in balance through their speculative efforts to buy large quanities of devalued currencies and sell them in countries where they are valued more highly | |
| 201385623 | conglomerate | collect or gather | |
| 201385624 | fluitschip | ship made by the dutch that could be sailed by a much smaller crew | |
| 201385625 | entrepots | Trading stations at the borders between communities, which made change possible among many different partners. Long-distance traders could also replenish their supplies at these stations. | |
| 201385626 | seringueiros | rubber tree tappers | |
| 201385627 | standardization | Process of developing uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test and for establishing norms | |
| 201385628 | pochteca | Aztec merchants. Extremely wealthy. Had a huge quantity of material goods etc. But explicitly forbidden to take part in political hierarchy so as not to throw off the balance of power | |
| 201385629 | sinocentrism | a national policy of the Ming Dynasty wherein economic self sufficiency, freedom from foreign influence and preservation of all things asian | |
| 201385630 | absenteeism | habitual absence from work | |
| 201402317 | polygot | speaking several languages |
origins of the modern world Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 446536348 | what were the contingencies that led to the europeans breaking out of their limitations? | first the chinese decided in the early 1400sto abandon its naval domination of the indian ocean, and to remonitize its economy using silver creating a new demand for silver that would soon be met by the new world. the second contingency was the dicovery of the new world and its stores of silver, the decimation of the native population by dideases carried by the conquerors and the construction of an african slave based plantaion economy subordinate to european interests. third, the failure of the spanish in the sixteenth century to impose an empire on the rest of europe led to a system of competing european states locked in almost constant warfare, thus promoting rapid military innovation. | |
| 446536349 | what was industrialization in britain contingent upon? | a periphery in the new world with the need for britains manufactured goods and they were sitting on convenient coal deposits | |
| 446536350 | how was dominance achieved by the europeans? | the great dying, sugar, african slavery, pilfered silver, opium, guns, and war | |
| 446536351 | what did marks begin by defining the world as? | industrial capitalism coupled with the system of nation-staes and divided by a gap between the haves and have-nots | |
| 446536352 | what accounts for most of the story of the making of the modern world? | interactions (contingencies, conjunctures, and historical accidents) | |
| 446536353 | has western superiority been evident through much of human history over the past millenium? | no, in fact the final decades of the twentieth century have witnessed a resurgence of asia as a powerful challenge to the european and american hegemony | |
| 446536354 | when did the united states' dominant position materialize? | in the specific circumstances of the thirty year crisis of 1914-1945 | |
| 446536355 | when were the constraints of the biological old regime broken? | about 1800 or so | |
| 446536356 | which were the most highly developed states of the old world? | china, india, western europe, japan | |
| 446536357 | how did the western europeans escape from the limitations of the biological old regime? | led by the british they tapped stored sources of energy (coal and then oil) | |
| 446536358 | what opened the way for the rise of the us and the soviet union? | two world wars and the great depression | |
| 446536359 | when is the birth of globalization? | 1571 when spain established its colony of manila in the philippine islands which made the regular exchange of commodities around the world possible with new world silver traveling around the world | |
| 446536360 | what was driving the first wave of globalization? | china's appetite for silver | |
| 446536361 | when did the second wave of globalization begin? | the nineteenth century, first the british the west europeans, the us and then japan, harnessed the fruits of industrialization to military power, and turned that power toward colonizing asians and africans | |
| 446630510 | when did the third wave begin? | after the second world war the us and soviet union emerged from that war as global superpowers, each with its own view for structuring the world leading to a third wave of globalization in a polarized world | |
| 446630511 | when did the fourth wave come? | the fourth and latest wave of globalization began with the demise of the soviet union in 1991 | |
| 447640129 | 1. What is a Eurocentric version of the origins of the modern world? | that the west has some unique cultural advantage that allowed them to modernize first and hence gave them the moral authority and the power to diffuse modernity where there were obstacles preventing modernization | |
| 447640130 | Why does the author of this book choose a non-Eurocentric narrative? | Recent scholarship on East Asia, India, Africa, and the Middle East, however, has raised significant doubts about Eurocentric explanations. | |
| 447640131 | Describe the trading circuits of the world around 1300. In what sense was this world polycentric? | the afro-eurasian system was a world system because for all practical purposes all of the parts of the world where people traded were connected to it. it was polycentric in the sense that there was not a single part that was the "center of the world" | |
| 447640132 | What does the "gap" refer to, and what explanations have been offered to explain it? | Overpopulation meant more food was necessary to sustain the population. This led to overworking the land, in turn creating famine which led to susceptibility to decrease living standards, thus creating a gap in social classes. | |
| 447640133 | How does a view of history that is contingent differ from one what that sees what happened as inevitable? | the view of history as contingent incorporates all if not most of the ways of looking at history while the view that everything is inevitable only looks at it from one perspective-the eurocentric one usually | |
| 447640134 | What were the "voyages of Zheng He," and why were they important? Why were they stopped, and why is that significant for world history? | the voyages were the the largest fleet of ships the world had ever seen at that time its purpose was to show the world the "flag" of china and to push outwards and to encourage overseas trade , these voyages were stopped because the political struggles that had been going on in china for years between those | |
| 447640135 | What is the story of the rise of the West? | The "story" is really how the Eurocentric POV sees that because Europeans were superior, they got "ahead" of any other country, when really, it was the product of contingency, accidents, and conjunctures, such as that of coal and the colonies. It begins around the time of the industrial revolution, and ends in modern day. Or, rather, is ending. | |
| 447640136 | When does the period of modern history typically begin? What events usually are taken as markers of the beginning of the modern period? | The formation of nation-states (beginning around 1400) marked the beginning of the modern world | |
| 447640137 | What does it mean to say that the world prior to about 1800 was polycentric? | This means the world before 1800 contained several regional systems, each with a predominating group and a respective core and periphery | |
| 447640138 | What factors contributed to the almost four-fold increase in the human population over the course of the twentieth century? | Improved Medical Technology Easier Access to food, which allowed for large city populations | |
| 447640139 | How did World War I threaten the stability of the old imperialist order built by Europeans in the nineteenth century? | The First World War threatened the stability of the European Empires because instead of fighting weaker locals inside their respective colonies, it was the first major war in Europe since the Franco-Prussian War that occurred in 1870. The fighting between the European powers effectively shut down their international economies. Instead of stealing resources from their colonies, making products, then selling it back to them, all materials went into the war effort, leaving the colonies to produce everything on their own. This problem is shown once more during the 2nd World War when the economies are completely used to the max for the war and all materials possible were used for the explicit use of war and war only. | |
| 447640140 | Why was the synthesis of nitrogen so important to the course of twentieth-century history? What was the name of the process? Why was it developed first in Germany? | the haber process developed first in germany due to the fact it was land locked, did not have an empire to use the colonies resources instead of its own, and also the soil quality was terrible. it was so important because it was used in weapons and as farm fertilizer | |
| 447640141 | How did the depression of the 1870s lead to protectionism and the "New Imperialism"? | In the face of setbacks and divisions among the imperialist powers in World War I, nationalism fueled anti-imperialist and anti-colonial independence movements not just in India and China, but in Egypt, Vietnam, and Palestine as well. Nationalism, which had developed in nineteenth-century Europe and Japan, in the twentieth century became a global force. Where in Europe nationalism was mostly a conservative force that emphasized cultural, linguistic, and religious commonalities to blunt the class conflicts that grew along with industrialization, in Asia and Africa nationalism would have an explicit anti-imperialist content, often fueling socially revolutionary movements." For different reasons, both the United States and the Soviet Union had strongly anti-colonial ideologies and were opposed to European states maintaining their colonies, and that fact contributed to the surge of postwar anticolonial movements in the colonies. But they also had vastly different social and economic systems—one primarily free market capitalism (the United States) and the other state-planned socialism (the Soviet Union)—which each sought to project as a global model | |
| 447640142 | Voyages of Zheng He | -find nephew, promote world trade, show off China's wealth and power | |
| 447640143 | Describe Trade circuits of Indian ocean. How did Europeans change the trading world? | Between Chinese, Indian, Muslims; Portugese brought armed trading | |
| 447640144 | What is Dar al Islam? | wherever Islam spread to ( Northern Africa, Southwest Asia , Southern Spain) | |
| 447640145 | What is meant by the first Globalization? | 1st linkage between Europe, Americas, Asia, and Africa; Pacific to New World` | |
| 447640146 | What was the significance of the Great Dying? | The Native Americans had no immunity to diseases brought by Spaniards, so they all got sick leaving them vulnerable to Spanish conquest. Eventually the NA all died out, so the Spanish had to buy African slaves. | |
| 447640147 | Why was there a huge demand for silver? | Chinese needed it for monetary system. It came from South America, went to spain, then to China. |
The Constitution and Bill of Rights Vocab Flashcards
IF THERE WAS ANYTHING I FORGOT TO ADD OR THAT IS WRONG EMAIL ME OR COMMENT ON THIS ASAP!
Terms : Hide Images
| 481722807 | Federalists | supporters of the constitution | |
| 481722808 | Anti-Federalists | those who opposed retification of the Constitution | |
| 481722810 | concurrent powers | powers shared by the state and federal governments | |
| 481722811 | checks and balances | a system in which each branch of government is able to check, or restrain, the powers of the others | |
| 481722812 | separation of powers | the split of authority among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches | |
| 481722813 | amendment | any change to the Constitution | |
| 481722814 | Preamble | the opening section of the Constitution | |
| 481722815 | implied powers | powers that Congress has that are not stated explicitly in the Constitution; Where congress gets most of their power today | |
| 481722816 | The Constitution | outlines the ideals of American government and describes how they should be achieved | |
| 481722817 | expressed powers | powers that Congress has that are specifically listed in the Constitution | |
| 481722818 | federalism | a form of government in which pwoer is divided between the federal, or national, government and the states | |
| 481722819 | legislative branch | the lawmaking branch of government | |
| 481722820 | executive branch | the branch of government that carries out laws | |
| 481722821 | judicial branch | the branch of government that interprets laws | |
| 481722822 | popular sovereignty | the notion that power lies with the people | |
| 481722823 | civil liberties | freedom from unfair government intrusion | |
| 481722824 | bill of rights | first 10 amendments to the Constitution, it is its own separate document | |
| 481722825 | rule of law | equally to all | |
| 481722826 | slander | saying false/likes to purposely hurt someones reputation | |
| 481722827 | hate speech | you can say you hate someone but you can't call someone gay, which is a name for lashing out at somebody for their race, gender, sexual orientation, or ethnicity | |
| 481722828 | freedom of press | freedom from CENSORSHIP and PRIOR RESTRAINT | |
| 481722829 | libel | written slander | |
| 481722830 | obscenity | I know it when I see it, and the standards vary from community to community. | |
| 481722831 | peaceful assembly | attend meetings, parades, rallies to associate with people we choose so we can join social bulbs, political parties, labor unions, etc. | |
| 481722832 | petition | way to express views to government | |
| 481722833 | probable cause | your probably doing something wrong, they can check you because of probable cause | |
| 481722834 | search warrant | clearly states where is being searched and what is being searched for | |
| 481722835 | double jeopardy | you can't be tried for the same crime twice | |
| 481722836 | indictment | formally charge | |
| 481722837 | grand jury | look to see if there is enough evidence to see if you maybe did something | |
| 481722838 | remain silent | be quiet unless to ask for a call | |
| 481722839 | Steps to amend the constitution | proposal and ratification | |
| 481722840 | proposal | * voted yes in 2/3 both houses * national convention at request of 2/3 of states * proposed in congress | |
| 481722841 | ratification | * approved by 3/4 states * approved by 3/4 of ratifying conventions of each of 50 states | |
| 481722842 | 1st amendment | freedoms for all - religion, speech, press, assembly, petition | |
| 481722843 | 2nd amendment | right to bear arms | |
| 481722844 | 3rd amendment | no quartering | |
| 481722845 | 4th amendment | No unreasonable searches and seizures | |
| 481722846 | 5th amendment | indictment, grand jury, right to remain silent, double jeopardy, due process, eminent domain | |
| 481722847 | 6th amendment | told what charged with, trial by jury, have lawyer, etc. | |
| 481722848 | 7th amendment | jury trial for Civil Suits over $20 | |
| 481722849 | 8th amendment | * no excessive bail or fines * no cruel and unusual punishment - must be proportionate | |
| 481722850 | 9th amendment | all other rights not mentioned in the BOR given to the people | |
| 481722851 | 10th amendment | reserved powers | |
| 481722852 | 13th amendment | No Slavery, civil war amendment | |
| 481722853 | 14th amendment | defined citizenship, equal protection, nationalization of BOR, anyone born in America is an American citizen, civil war amendment | |
| 481722854 | 15th amendment | Black american male suffrage, civil war amendment | |
| 481722855 | 17th amendment | delayed pay raises until following term in congress | |
| 481722856 | 19th amendment | women suffrage, civil war amendment | |
| 481722857 | 23rd amendment | DC gets right to vote | |
| 481722858 | 24th amendment | no poll taxes, a fee to vote for everyone (unless your white and wealthy), then illiteracy test | |
| 481722859 | 25th amendment | president succession | |
| 481722860 | 26th amendment | voting at 18 | |
| 483351689 | Dread Scott Case | courts legalized discrimination | |
| 483351690 | Tinker vs. Des Moines | court ruled protected speech/symbols because of this case | |
| 483938002 | eminent domain | * the government can take peoples personal property if it is for the public good * government has to pay them back |
US CONSTITUTION TEST REVIEW Flashcards
Prepare for your US Constitution Test!
Terms : Hide Images
| 248231456 | Constitution | The Supreme Law of the Land | |
| 248231457 | President | Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces | |
| 248231458 | Vice President | Who is the President of the Senate? | |
| 248231459 | 2 years | What is the term length of a member of the House? | |
| 248231460 | 4 years | What is the term length for the President? | |
| 248231461 | Life or Good Behavior | What is the term length of a Supreme Court Justice? | |
| 248231462 | 6 years | What is the term length of a senator? | |
| 248231463 | President Pro Temp | Who is the substitute for the President of the Senate when he is not present? | |
| 248231464 | Sign it. Veto it. Pocket Veto. Let it sit 10 days. | What are 4 things that can happen to a bill once it reaches the President? | |
| 248231465 | 26th Amendment | Lowered the voting age to 18 | |
| 248231466 | 13th Amendment | Abolished Slavery | |
| 248231467 | 15th Amendment | Right to vote for all races | |
| 248231468 | 14th Amendment | Equal Protection under the law Everyone born in the U.S. is a citizen | |
| 248231469 | Vice President | Takes over if the President dies or is unable to work | |
| 248231470 | Speaker of the House | Takes over if the President AND VP die or are unable to work | |
| 248231471 | President Pro Temp of the Senate | Takes over if the President, VP, and Speaker die or are unable to work | |
| 248231472 | Secretary of State | Takes over if the President, VP, Speaker, and President Pro Temp die or are unable to work | |
| 248231473 | Supremacy clause | states that federal law is superior to state law | |
| 248231474 | Articles | Explain the structure of the government | |
| 248231475 | Make Law | Job of the Legislative Branch | |
| 248231476 | Enforce Law | Job of the Executive Branch | |
| 248231477 | Interpret Law | Job of the Judicial Branch | |
| 248231478 | 435 | How many people are in the House? | |
| 248231479 | 100 | How many people are in the Senate? | |
| 248231480 | Representation based on population | How is representation decided in the House? | |
| 248231481 | Equal representation | How is representation decided in the senate? | |
| 248231482 | Protect individual liberties | What was the purpose of adding the first 10 amendments to the Constitution? | |
| 248231483 | President is Commander and Chief | What executive branch power would be violated if Congress forbid the President from making a military appointment? | |
| 248231484 | Checks and Balances | What principle of the Constitution exists to ensure no 1 branch becomes too powerful? | |
| 248231485 | Equal Representation in the Senate | What part of the great compromise benefits states with small populations? | |
| 248231486 | the 27 changes or amendments | What shows the Constitution is a living document? | |
| 248231487 | Coin Money Declare War Make Treaties | What are 3 exclusive powers that are denied to states? | |
| 248231488 | Voting | What is an example of popular sovereignty? | |
| 248231489 | 30 | How old do you have to be to be in the Senate? | |
| 248231490 | 25 | How old do you have to be to be in the House? | |
| 248231491 | 35 | How old do you have to be to be the President? | |
| 248231492 | Judicial Review | Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws | |
| 248231493 | Elastic Clause | clause that gives congress the right to make all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out its powers | |
| 248231494 | Habeus Corpus | When a person is arrested they have the right to know why they have been detained and to contest that detainment in court | |
| 248231495 | Bill of Attainder | A law that established guilt and punishes people without a trial | |
| 248231496 | Ex Post Facto Law | A law that makes a crime of an act that was legal when it was committed | |
| 248231497 | Supremacy Clause | Statement in Article VI stating that the Constitution shall be the Supreme Law of the Land | |
| 248231498 | Due Process | 5th Amendment Principle stating that government must follow procedures in trials | |
| 248231499 | 13th Amendment | Outlawed Slavery | |
| 248231500 | 19th Amendment | Women's Suffrage | |
| 248231501 | 22nd Amendment | Limited the President to 2 terms or 10 years in office | |
| 248231502 | 2nd Amendment | Right to keep and bear arms | |
| 248231503 | 15th Amendment | All races can vote | |
| 248231504 | 4th Amendment | Protects from unreasonable searches and seizures | |
| 248231505 | 8th Amendment | Protects the people from cruel and unusual punishment | |
| 248231506 | 1st Amendment | Freedom of Speech, Press, Religion, Assembly, and Petition | |
| 248231507 | 25th Amendment | Presidential Succession | |
| 248231508 | 5th Amendment | Protection from Self-Inrimination |
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