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APUSH chapter 3 Flashcards

1190686813	The Protestant Reformation	Sixteenth- century religious reform movement begun by Martin Luther	1
1190686814	Puritans	English Calvinists who considered the Church of England so corrupt that they broke with it and formed their own independent churches	2
1190686815	Separatists	Radical Calvinists who considered the church of England so corrupt that they broke with it and formed their own independent churches	3
1190686816	Mayflower compact	the shipboard agreement by the Pilgrim Fathers to establish a body politic and submit to majority rule	4
1190686817	Covenant	Puritans' term for their belief that Massachusetts Bay had a special arrangement with God to become a holy society	5
1190686818	Dismissal of parliament	Charles I's political action of 1629 that led to persecution of the puritans and the formation of the Massachusetts Bay Company	6
1190686819	Fishing & Shipbuilding	the two major nonfarming industries of Massachusetts Bay	7
1190686820	antinomianism	Anne Hutchinson's heretical belief that the truly saved need not obey human or divine law	8
1190686821	Banishment	Common fate of roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson after they were convicted of heresy in Massachusetts Bay	9
1190686822	Praying Towns	Villages where New England Indians who converted to Christianity were gathered	10
1190686823	King Phillip's War	Successful military action by the colonies united in the New England Confederation	11
1190686824	Glorious revolution	English revolt that also led to the overthrow of the dominion of New England in America	12
1190686825	Hudson River	river valley where vast estates created an aristocratic landholding elite in New Netherlands and New York	13
1190686826	Test Oaths	required sworn statements of loyalty or religious belief resisted by the Quakers	14
1190686827	Smuggling	common activity in which the colonists engaged to avoid the restrictive, unpopular Navigation Laws	15

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Psychology Chapter 1 Flashcards

Psychology 10th edition. Prentice Hall, Pearson. Wade and Tavris. Chapter 1

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448311261	Wilhelm Wundt?	he founded the first experimental laboratory, "The father of Psychology" Attempted to apply scientific principles to the study of the human mind. Created first psychology lab Structuralism.	1
448311262	William James?	the first person to focus on functionalism, Author of The Principles of Psychology which is seen as one of the most important psychology text written believed in functionalism	2
448311263	Mary Calkins?	1863-1930 She was the first woman to become president of the American Psychological Association .	3
448311264	John Watson?	1878-1958 who was the person that founded behaviorism in the late 1900's?	4
448311265	Sigmund Freud?	is the father of psychology , Neurologist who thought that the unconcious mind created neurological problems when there was no physical symtpons. Early childhood experiences can explain problems later in life.	5
448311266	B.F. Skinner	pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons and rats.	6
448311267	Kenneth and Mamie Clark	Used dolls to study children's attitude towards race. Their findings were used in the Brown vs. Board trial.	7
448311268	Franz Gall	invented phrenology, claimed bumps on the skull could reveal our mental abilities and our character traits	8
448311269	Carl Rogers	humanistic psychology; Contributions: founded client-centered therapy, theory that emphasizes the unique quality of humans especially their freedom and potential for personal growth, unconditional positive regard, active listening	9
448311270	Where was the first psychological laboratory	Liepzig, Germany	10
448311271	Structuralism	an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind	11
448311272	Functionalism	a psychology based on the assumption that all mental process are useful to an organism in adapting to the environment	12
448311273	Introspection	a method of self-observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings	13
448311274	neuroscience perspective	how the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences	14
448311275	Pschodynamic	Based on the belief that the unconscious mind exerts great control over behavior and that early childhood experiences are a major influence on personality development, Sigmund Frued	15
448311276	Psychoanalysis	A set of techniques for exploring underlying motives and a method of treating various mental disorders	16
448311277	Behaviorism	an approach to psychology that emphasizes observable measurable behavior	17
448311278	Cognitive	having to do with an organism's thinking and understanding	18
448311279	Socio-cultural	a perspective on psychology that emphasizes effects on behavior and thinking of one's culture and the people around one	19
448311280	who is associated with psychoanalysis	Sigmund freud 1900/1953	20
448311281	difference between psychologist and psychiatrist	psychiatrist can prescribe medication	21
448311282	Hindsight Bias	the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it	22
448311283	Wording Effect	a potential problem with surveys as the way we phrase sentences can influence responses	23
448311284	Overconfidence Bias	the tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments.	24
448311285	scientific attitude?	a curious eagerness to skeptically scrutinize competing ideas and an open minded humility about nature, curiosity, skepticism, humility, critical thinking	25
448311286	critical thinking	thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.	26
448311287	what is scientific method?	Recognize a problem. form a hypothesis. Gather data. Form a conclusion.	27
448311288	what is a case study?	an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.	28
448311289	what is a survey?	Where subjects respond to a series of questions and statements.	29
448311290	What are some ways in which a survey can bias data?	Bias often occurs when the survey sample does not accurately represent the population.	30
448311291	Naturalistic Observation	observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation	31
448311292	Correlation	a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other	32
448311293	Positive Correlation	A correlation where as one variable increases, the other also increases, or as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in the same direction.	33
448311294	Negative Correlations	An association between increases in one variable and decreases in another.	34
448311295	Are all correlations real?	Correlation does not explain causation.	35
448311296	What type of study can explain cause and effect?	An Experiment	36
448311297	Independent Variable	the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied	37
448311298	Dependent Variable	variable that changes as a result of a change in the independent variable	38
448311299	What do experiments attempt to do?	They attempt to discover one variables effect on another. A test of a hypothesis	39
448311300	Culture	the attitudes and behavior that are characteristic of a particular social group or organization	40
448311301	Collectivism	giving priority to the goals of one's group (often one's extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly	41
448311302	Individualism	giving priority to one's own goals over group goals, and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications	42
448311303	is psychology free of value judgements?	Psychology is not value-free. Psychologists' own values can influence their choice of research topics, their theories and observations, their labels for behavior, and their professional advise.	43
448311304	dendrite	The bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body	44
448311305	cell body	contains the nucleus, where most of the molecules the neuron needs to survive and function is manufactured	45
448311306	Axon	the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands	46
448311307	mylin sheath	fatty casing on axon, electical insulator and increases speed	47
448425813	threshold	the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse	48
448425814	synaptic gap	space between the axon terminal of one neuron and the receptors of the next neuron	49
448425815	neurotransmitter	chemical messenger that carries information from one neuron to another or to another cell	50
448425816	Acetycholine	neurotransmitter associated with voluntary movement, sleep and wakefulness. Too little is associated with Alzheimer's	51
448425817	Dopemine	chemical that causes imbalance in scizophrenics, affects motor function	52
448425818	too much dopemine is associated with?	Shizophrenia	53
448425819	too little dopemine is associated with?	Parkinsons	54
448425820	Serotonin	a neurotransmitter that affects hunger,sleep,arousal,and mood. appears in lower than normal levels in depressed persons	55
448425821	Nor Epinephrine	Hormone released by the adrenal glands that increases heart rate and blood pressure and prepares the body for intense physical activity.	56
448425822	GABA	moderates neuron firing, involved in movement and regulation of anxiety	57
448425823	Glutamate	A major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory	58
448425824	Endorphins	Natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure	59
448425825	Central Nervous System	the portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord	60
448425826	Peripheral Nervous System	the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body	61
448425827	what makes up the PNS	Sensory Nervous System, Motor Nervous System, Somatic Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous System, Sympathetic, and Para Sympathetic	62
448425828	What makes up the CNS	Brain, Neurons and Spinal Cord	63
448425829	Sympathetic System	the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations	64
448425830	Para Sympathetic System	the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy	65
448425831	Reflex	an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus	66
448425832	Endocrine System	the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream	67
448425833	Pituitary Gland	the endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands	68
448425834	Thyroid Gland	endocrine gland located below the larynx that secretes a hormone that is needed for cell metabolism and energy; the largest endocrine gland; has two lobes connected by a tissue called the isthmus	69
448425835	The oldest part of the brain	brain stem	70
448425836	thalamus	brain structure that receives messages from the sense organs and relays the information to the proper region of the cerebrum for further processing	71
448425837	reticular formation	a network of cells in the brainstem that filters sensory information and is involved in arousal and alertness	72
448425838	cerebellum	the "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem; it helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance	73
448425839	medulla	part of the brain nearest the spinal cord which controls breathing, heart rate and blood pressure	74
448425840	hippocampus	a neural center that is located in the limbic system and helps process explicit memories for storage	75
448425841	limbic system	a system of functionally related neural structures in the brain that are involved in emotional behavior	76
448425842	amygdalla	brain structure located near the hippocampus responible for fear responses and memory of fear	77
448425843	hypothalymus	the portion of the brain that contains the center that affects eating regulation of food intake	78
448425844	Who located the pleasure centers in the amygdalla of rats?	James Olds and Peter Milner	79
448425845	cerebral cortex	the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center	80
448425846	where is the motor cortex located?	frontal lobe , Precentral Gyrus	81
448425847	where is the sensory cortex located?	parietal lobe	82
448425848	Sensory neurons	Neurons that carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the central nervous system	83
448425849	Motor neurons	Neurons that carry outgoing information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands	84
448425850	Motor nuerons are moslty located where?	Spinal cord	85
448425851	Sensory neurons are mostly located where?	Spinal cord	86
448425852	Corpus Collosium	connects left & right hemisphere of the brain through fibers	87
448425853	what are the four lobes of the brain?	Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal	88
448425854	Frontal Lobe	The lobe at the front of the brain associated with movement, speech, and impulsive behavior.	89
448425855	Parietal Lobe	portion posterior to the frontal lobe, responsible for sensations such as pain, temperature, and touch	90
448425856	Occipital Lobe	portion posterior to the parietal and temporal lobes, responsible for vision	91
448425857	Temporal Lobe	portion that lies below the frontal lobe, responsible for hearing, taste, and smell	92
448425858	Which brain hemisphere is associated mostly for language?	the left	93
448425859	Broca's area	controls language expression-an aread of the frontal, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech	94
448425860	Wernike's area	controls language reception-- a brain area involves in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe.	95
448425861	neural plasticity	the ability of neurons to modify their structure and function in response to experiential factors or injury	96
448425862	split brain	a condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them	97
448425863	Why where split brain surgery's used in treatment of?	Split brain operations where used in treatment of severe epilepsy	98
448425864	Differentiate between the longitudinal and cross-sectional methods of research?	Longitudinal studies is drawn out over a period of time. Whereas cross-sectional studies are assessments of something that has happened or occured at a specific point in time.	99

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APUSH: American Pageant 13th Edition: Chapter 6 Flashcards

Chapter 6 Study Questions using the American Pageant 13th Edition textbook. For eleventh grade Advanced Placement United States History. Vidalia High School.

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1661286989	Why was France a latecomer to colonial settlement?	because of its foreign and domestic issues and wars.	0
1661286990	Who is the 'father of New France' and why is he called this?	Samuel de Champlain. He was the leading figure in settling Quebec.	1
1661286991	Why did New France grow so slowly?	Because of the issues france had with the native americans. landowners didnt have enough economic motive to come. protestant Huguenots were not allowed. and france favored its carribean colonies over its canadian ones	2
1661286992	Who were coureurs be bois and voyageurs and what did they do?	french fur trappers. they traveled around america in search of furs (mainly beavers) to sell	3
1661286993	What was the purpose of the French settlements in the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys?	was to stop and further competition from developing any further empire and to keep and eye on their enemies	4
1661286994	How were the early wars with France fought?	with a type of primitive guerillia warfare	5
1661286995	Why were the colonist upset after king george's war?	because the people in the new world had given louisbourg back to the french even though the NEs had won the war	6
1661286996	How did the French and Indian war begin?	because of a dispute over the ohio river valley	7
1661286997	Why was Franklin's plan for colonial union presented at the Albany Congress (Albany Plan of Union) not accepted by the colonial legislature?	because the colonists though that is didnt offer enough independence and british officials thought it offered too much	8
1661286998	Why is Braddock's defeat important?	because it left the indians an easy victory against the british since it left the whole frontier from Pennsylvania to N Carolina practically naked	9
1661286999	How did William Pitt change the course of the war?	because he led british to their first victory of 1758 which built them back up emotionally. Then he chose a young officer James Wolfe to lead in a battle against the french which resulted in a british victory	10
1661287000	How did the French and INdian war end?	the french were not reinforcing like they should have and their army was thinning and thinning and then a series of british attacks won the british the war	11
1661287001	What were the effects of the french and indian war on colonial ideas and beliefs?	colonial self esteem boosted but ruined the idea of british invincibility	12
1661287002	What were the terms of the treaty of paris in 1763?	spanish got land west of mississippi and new orleans and british got quebec and ohio river valley	13
1661287003	How did the french and indian war create a situation that would eventually lead to the American Revolution?	by eliminating the colonists enemies (meaning the french) so they colonists were able to expand and spread some from the british. it also put britian in a huge debt so they began taxing the heck out of the colonists and they got angry	14

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APUSH Ch 2: Transplantations and Borderlands, Brinkley 13th ed Flashcards

Flashcards for Chapter 2.

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945131477	Jamestown	The first permanent British colony in North America. It was established in eastern Virginia in 1607-8 by the Virginia Company.	1
945131478	John Smith	A captain famous for world travel. As a young man, he took control in Jamestown. He organized the colony and saved many people from death the next winter. He also initiated attacks on Natives. He was the council president of Jamestown beginning in 1608	2
945131479	Virginia Company	Originally the London Company. A joint stock company that was chartered by the Crown. They founded Jamestown and several other colonies in Virginia	3
945131480	Tobacco	It was introduced to the colonies surrounding the Chesapeake Bay, and it transformed the society there. Tobacco farming required much more land than the colonies in Virginia actually had. The colonists sold the tobacco to the English.	4
945131481	Headright system	The Virginia wasn't making any money off of the Virginian colonies. In 1618, they launched this system. Headrights were land grants that new settlers each got one headright, which encouraged citizens to move with their families, servants, and slaves. Typically, each headright was fifty acres.	5
945131482	Indentured Servants	A person who works for a certain amount of time (typically 7 years) under contract in exchange for payment for their passage over the Atlantic Ocean	6
945131483	Powhatan Indians	an Indian tribe that resisted the English expansion. Thomas Dale led attacks against them for two years and kidnapped the chief's daughter. They attacked first, but were eventually overwhelmed.	7
945131484	Pocahontas	The kidnapped daughter of the Powhatan chief. Her father wouldn't ransom her and so she became Christian and married John Rolfe.	8
945131485	Royal Colony	When the Virginia Company became bankrupt, the king revoked its charter and brought the Virginia colony under his control, and it became a Royal Colony. Another example is the colony made in 1729 from the Province of North Carolina. Organized after seven of the original eight Lord Proprietors sold their tracts back to the crown.	9
945131486	Proprietary Colony	Used solely for the purpose of British rulers staking a claim on more and more land.	10
945131487	Charter Colony	Formed when the crown gives a charter to a deserving citizen. Rhode Island, Connecticut and Massachusetts Bay were charter colonies	11
945131488	Bacon's Rebellion	Led by Nathaniel Bacon. He and his group of rebels were dissatisfied with their representation in the government, among other things. The rebellion was ultimately unsuccessful and Bacon died during it, but it forced many people to think and led to an increase in slavery so there were less people like the rebels who had no land and were angry with the way things worked	12
945131489	Plymouth Plantation	Separatists who were dissenters from the Church of England moved to Holland to find freedom, but they didn't find it. They then went to New England and founded Plymouth.	13
945131490	Mayflower Compact	Established a civil government which was based on majority for the pilgrims in Plymouth. It is named after their boat, the Mayflower. Written by the Puritan Separatists	14
945131491	William Bradford	Governor of Plymouth over and over again. He convinced the Council for New England to give the people of Plymouth legal permission to live there	15
945131492	John Winthrop	Wealthy Puritan lawyer. Chosen as Governor of Massachusetts. He was very dominant in politics, and he founded several communities on the MA Bay and the Charles River	16
945131493	Massachusetts Bay Colony	Founded by the Massachusetts Bay Company; an English settlement on the east coast of North America in the 17th century.	17
945131494	Theocracy	Government of a state by immediate divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided. Massachusetts basically became a theocracy partially because ministers held so much sway on their congregation.	18
945131495	Roger Williams	A Puritan dissenter in Rhode Island. He wanted Massachusetts to abandon all connections to the Church of England and completely separate church and state. He was banished, and he established the town of Providence.	19
945131496	Anne Hutchinson	Puritan woman from Boston. She argued that very few of the clergy were of the "elect," and that because of that, they had no authority. She was banished, and she moved into New Netherland and died during an Indian uprising.	20
945131497	Pequot War	An armed conflict spanning the years 1634-1438 between the Pequot tribe against and alliance of the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Saybrook colonies who were aided by their Native American allies. This led to King Phillip's War because the Wampanoags believed that only armed resistance could protect them from English incursions into their lands and from the efforts by the colonial governments to impose English law on the natives.	21
945131498	King Phillip's War	After the Pequot war, the Wampanoags, led by a chief that the settlers called "King Philip," began to rise up against the settlers. The struggle began in 1675 and lasted 3 years. They destroyed 20 Massachusetts towns. The settlers managed to fight back and eventually prevailed, with the aid of the Mohawks, the Wampanoags's enemies. Greatest "war" in 17th century New England.	22
945131499	English Civil War	King Charles I dissolved parliament and gained the dislike of many of his citizens for his religious views. The war took place between the Cavaliers and the Roundheads. It lasted seven years, and the supporters of the king eventually lost. Oliver Cromwell took charge of the country as the protectorate.	23
945131500	New York Colony	A proprietary colony that was formed during England's restoration period. An English territory that originally included modern day New York, New Jersey, Delaware and Vermont, along with portions of Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, and Pennsylvania. Charles II granted the territory to his brother James, the duke of York in 1624.	24
945131501	Quakers	Society of Friends. Rejected predestination and original sin, unlike the Puritans. They believed that people had to find divinity within them. They founded the Pennsylvania colony. They separated church and state, didn't pay their clergy, and didn't believe in predestination or original sin.	25
945131502	William Penn	An English real estate entrepreneur. Founder of Pennsylvania. He got a little land on his own and got the rest from his father after his father died. Tried to attract settlers of all types, but founded it around the beliefs of the Quakers, not the Puritans.	26
945131503	Carolina Colony	A restoration colony. Charles I gave charters to 8 of his court favorites. They reserved estates for themselves and divided the rest up into heardrights. The earl of Shaftesbury and John Locke drew up a constitution for Carolina. 1729, it was divided into north and south.	27
945131504	Pennsylvania Colony	A restoration colony founded by William Penn and the Quakers on March 4, 1861. Created because of a charter granted by King Charles II.	28
945131505	Caribbean Colonies	The Caribbean colonies were originally claimed by the Spanish, but they only settled on the larger islands, so the British and the Dutch took some of the others. The islands helped improve to economy of the north American colonies through their participation in the triangular trade.	29
945131506	Georgia Colony	Founded to create a barrier between the Spanish owned southern land and the Northern British owned land. It was the last of the original 13 colonies, founded by James Oglethorpe on April 21, 1732.	30
945131507	Navigation Acts	To compete with Dutch trade with the Americas, Britain passed these laws to control trade. They required the colonies' trade to be shipped in British ships, among other things such as restricting foreign trade. The colonists criticized them.	31
945131508	Dominion of New England	James II had installed a viceroy to watch over New England. When news of the Glorious Revolution reached New England, the colonists "unseated" him; he was arrested, and in doing this, the settlers destroyed the Dominion of New England. The dominion was hard to control in the first place because the area that it covered was so large.	32
945131509	Glorious Revolution	The bloodless Coup d'état during which James II was dethroned in favor of his protestant daughter Mary and her husband, William of Orange. The British people were concerned with James II because he had remarried after having Mary and her sister. His new wife was catholic, and he had a son by her who was also catholic.	33
945131510	Leisler's Rebellion	Jacob Leisler was a German immigrant who was inspired by the Glorious Revolution to challenge New York leaders. He took control of the southern part of New York and ruled it from 1689-1692. He succeeded for two years, and then was convicted and hanged. Happened in the late 17th century.	34
945131511	Coode's Rebellion	John Coode rebelled in Maryland in 1689 against the government. He drove out Lord Baltimore's officials in the name of Protestantism. Then the colony became a royal colony, and they banned catholics from voting, holding office, and practicing their religion publically.	35

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American Pageant Chapter 4 Terms Flashcards

Vocab terms for chapter 4 of the american pageant.

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1602250982	Disfranchise	To take away the right to vote	0
1602250983	Jeremiad	A sermon or prophecy recounting wrongdoing, warning of doom, and calling for repentance	1
1602250984	Lynching	The illegal execution of an accused person by mob action, without due process of law	2
1602250985	Social Structure	The basic pattern of the distribution of status and wealth in a society	3
1602250986	Blue Blood	Of noble or upper-class descent	4
1602250987	Colonies	Early Maryland and Virginia settlers had difficulty creating them and even more difficulty making them last	5
1602250988	Disease	Primary cause of death among tobacco-growing settlers	6
1602250989	Indentured Servants	Immigrants who received passage to America in exchange for a fixed term of labor	7
1602250990	Headright System	Maryland and Virginia's system of gaining land to anyone who would pay transatlantic passage for laborers	8
1602250991	Hanging	Fate of many of Nathaniel Bacon's followers, though not of Bacon himself	9
1602250992	Rhode Island	American colony that was home to the Newport slave market and many slave traders	10
1602250993	Royal African Company	English company that lost its monopoly on the slave trade in 1698	11
1602250994	Gullah	African-American dialect that blended English with Yoruba, Ibo, and Hausa	12
1602250995	Revolts	Uprisings that occurred in New York City in 1712 and in South Carolina in 1739	13
1602250996	Virginia	Wealthy extended clans like the Fitzhughs, Lees, and Washingtons that dominated politics in this most populous colony	14
1602250997	Their Early 20's	Approximate marriage age of most New England women	15
1602250998	Meetinghouse	The basic local political institution of New England, in which all freemen gathered to elect officials and debate local affairs	16
1602250999	The Half-Way Covenant	Formula devised by Puritan ministers in 1662 to offer partial church membership to people who had not experienced conversion	17
1602251000	Salem Witch Trials	Late seventeenth century judicial event that inflamed popular feelings, led to the deaths of twenty people, and weakened the Puritan clergy's prestige	18
1602251001	Farming	Primary occupation of most seventeenth-century Americans	19
1602251002	Chesapeake	Virginia-Maryland bay area, site of the earliest colonial settlements	20
1602251003	Indentured Servants	Primary laborers in early southern colonies until the 1680s	21
1602251004	Nathaniel Bacon	Person who led poor former indentured servants and frontiersman on a rampage against Indians and colonial government	22
1602251005	Governor Berkeley	Colonial Virginia official who crushed rebels and wreaked cruel revenge	23
1602251006	Royal African Company	Organization whose loss of the slave trade monopoly in 1698 led to free-enterprise expansion of the business	24
1602251007	Middle Passage	Experience for which human beings were branded and chained, and which only 80 percent survived	25
1602251008	Ringshout	West African religious rite, retained by African-Americans, in which participants responded to the shouts of a preacher.	26
1602251009	New York City slave revolt of 1712	Major middle-colonies' rebellion that caused thirty-three deaths	27
1602251010	Nathaniel Hawthorne	Author of a novel about the early New England practice of requiring adulterers to wear the letter "A"	28
1602251011	New England conscience	The legacy of Puritan religion that inspired idealism and reform among later generations of Americans	29
1602251012	Harvard	The oldest college in America, which reflected Puritan commitment to an educated ministry	30
1602251013	William & Mary	the oldest college in the South, Founded in 1693 Half-Way Covenant -	31
1602251014	Salem Witch Trials	Phenomena started by accusations of adolescent girls that ended in deaths of 20 people	32
1602251015	Leisler's Rebellion	Small New York revolt of 1689-1691 that reflected class antagonism between landlords and merchants	33
1602251016	Massachusetts	The second most populated colony at the time	34
1602251017	Maryland	The third most populated colony at the time	35
1602251018	Charles II	Person who was angered at Governor Berkeley's actions	36
1602251019	Virginia and Maryland	The Chesapeake colonies	37

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AP U.S. Alan Brinkley: Chapter Two Flashcards

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1630316661	Anne Hutchinson	Powerful religious figure in Boston. She also addressed the proper role for woman in the Puritan society.	0
1630316662	Antinomianism	Greek word meaning "hostile to the law" it has been used as a debasing against Christian thinkers are people who put their belief and justification by faith	1
1630316663	Bacon's Rebellion	Starting in 1676 as Indian started raiding plantations, this Virginian and other landholders started an unauthorized assault on the Indians and threaten to attack the capital of Virginia if help was not given.	2
1630316664	Dominion of New England	King Charles II attempted to increase his power in Massachusetts by taking away its authority over New Hampshire When Kings James came to power he joined the government of Massachusetts with the rest of New England states and appointed a single Gov. Sir Edmund Andros to govern the region.	3
1630316665	George Calvert	He had the vision to create a colony, to dabble in real estate but mainly as a retreat for the English Catholics who were being strongly abused by the Anglican religion. Sadly he died before receiving a charter from the king.	4
1630316666	Cecilius Calvert	George Calvert was his father. He was to hold his province as an absolute Lord. He and his brother invested heavily in their American possessions and had to attract settlers to make profit. He encouraged the immigration of Protestants.	5
1630316667	Glorious Revolution	James II fled England and William of Orange and Mary assumed the throne. It resulted in Mary, a Protestant, ruling England.	6
1630316668	Headright	This system encouraged family migration, because there would be more landholding for the family. Also, any settler who paid for the passage of another immigrant to Virginia would receive an additional grant of land.	7
1630316669	Jacob Leisler	He was the leader of New York dissidents. He resented his exclusion and challenge the colonial elite. He raised the militia and proclaimed himself head of governor in New York	8
1630316670	James Oglethorpe	He and his man we're driven primarily by military and philanthropic motives. He wanted to create a barrier between the Spanish colonies in Florida and English America. He also wanted to create a refuge for poor men and women in England to come and live so that they didn't have to go to debtors prison.	9
1630316671	John Smith	He helped Jamestown survive extinction. He imposed work and order on the community. He also organized raids on Indian villages to steal food.	10
1630316672	John Winthrop	The governor in New England, Winthrop, strong leader, organized and led a large sailing expedition that involves 17 chips and 1000 people, including mostly family groups. With him Winthrop carried the charter for the Massachusetts Bay Company. This charter allowed colonists to be responsible to only themselves, instead of the company back in England.	11
1630316673	King Phillips War	War between the Wampanoags and English settlers. The Wampanoag Indians were convinced that only our assistance could save them from being overtaken by the English. The natives for three years terrorized Massachusetts towns, causing 1000 deaths, which weakened both society and at the economy of Massachusetts. The settlers fought back with help from the Mohawk Indians by destroying native food supplies and killing Metacomet. The Wampanoags population depleted and they were powerless from this time on to resist English.	12
1630316674	Massachusetts Bay Company	Puritans created a new enterprise to take advantage of the economic opportunities in America. They obtained a grant of land for most of the area that is now Massachusetts and New Hampshire	13
1630316675	Mayflower compact	A Document 41 mail Puritans signed when they arrived at Plymouth. It established a civil government and proclaimed their allegiance to the King.	14
1630316676	Metacomet	Chieftain known as"King Philip" to the white settlers. He was chieftain over the Wampanoags during Kind Phillips war. Metacomet's policy was not to use violence, he felt that he must attack English to prevent more conflict and during the attack a group of mohawks shot and killed him.	15
1630316677	Navigation acts	The English navigation acts were a series of laws that restrict the use of foreign shipping for trade between England.	16
1630316678	Quakers	Settled Pennsylvania with the hope of finding a home for their own religion and their own distinctive social order.	17
1630316679	Quitrent	A tax or land tax to imposed on freehold or leased land by higher land owning authority, usually a government or it assigns.	18
1630316680	Roger Williams	He called for a complete separation of church and state. Escaping from the theocracy of Massachusetts with many followers, he then founded the province of Rhode Island.	19
1630316681	Sir William Berkeley	Governor of Virginia. Berkeley settled many border disputes with Indians after defeating an Indian uprising by promising that the white immigrants would not settle past a certain line in exchange for large piece of land. William continued to take more and more power to himself until he was essentially the autocrat of Virginia by the 1660's	20
1630316682	Theocracy	Having little or no distinction between church and government.	21
1630316683	House of burgesses	Delegates from Virginia's communities met to discuss local problems in the colonial.	22
1630316684	William Bradford	A Puritan, William Bradford was a historian of his own endeavors and those of his people William Bradford let the members of the nonmembers of the Puritan church in the Mayflower to colonize America.	23
1630316685	William Penn	Proprietor of the Pennsylvania colony. He dealt generously with the Indians who came to respect him. You supervise the construction of the colonies, the making rectangular road systems that would eventually become the normal.	24

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Geometry: Postulates, Theorems, and Corollaries Flashcards

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39259247	Post: Segment Addition	If B is between A and C, then AB + BC = AC	0
39259248	Post: Angle Addition	If point B lies in the interior of angle AOC, then m-angle AOB + m-angle BOC = m-angle AOC	1
39259249	Post 5	A line contains at least two points; a plane contains at least three points not all in one line; space contains at least four points not all on one plane	2
39259250	Post 6	Through any two points there is exactly one line	3
39259251	Post 7	Through any three points there is at least one plane, and through any three non-collinear points there is exactly one plane	4
39259252	Post 8	If two points are in a plane, then the line that contains the points is in that plane	5
39259253	Post 9	If two planes intersect, then their intersection is a line	6
39259254	Theo 1-1	If two lines intersect, then they intersect in exactly one point	7
39259255	Theo 1-2	Through a line and a point not in the line there is exactly one plane	8
39259256	Theo 1-3	If two lines intersect, then exactly one plane contains the line	9
39259257	Theo: Midpoint	If M is the midpoint of segment AB, then AM=1/2 AB and MB=1/2 AB	10
39259258	Theo: Angle Bisector	If ray BX bisects angle ABC, then m-angle ABX=1/2 m-angle ABC; m-angle XBC=1/2 m-angle ABC	11
39259259	Theo 2-3	Vertical angles are congruent	12
39259260	Theo 2-4	If two lines are perpendicular, then they form congruent adjacent angles	13
39259261	Theo 2-5	If two lines form congruent adjacent angles, then the lines are perpendicular	14
39259262	Theo 2-6	If the exterior sides of two adjacent acute angles are perpendicular, then the angles are complementary	15
39259263	Theo 2-7	If the angles are supplements of congruent angles (or of the same angle), then the two angles are congruent	16
39259264	Theo 2-8	If two angles are complements of congruent angles (or of the same angle), then the two angles are congruent	17
39259265	Theo 3-1	If two parallel planes are cut by a third plane, then the lines of intersection are parallel	18
39259266	Post 10	If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then corresponding angles are congruent	19
39259267	Theo 3-2	If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal then alternate interior angles are congruent	20
39259268	Theo 3-3	if two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then same-side interior angles are supplementary	21
39259269	Theo 3-4	If a transversal is perpendicular to one of two parallel lines, then it's perpendicular to the other one also	22
39259270	Post 11	If two lines are cut by a transversal and corresponding angles are congruent, then the lines are parallel	23
39259271	Theo 3-5	If two lines are cut by a transversal and alternate interior angles are congruent, then the lines are parallel	24
39259272	Theo 3-6	If two lines are cut by a transversal and same side interior angles are supplementary, then the lines are parallel	25
39259273	Theo 3-7	Any plane, two lines perpendicular to the same line are parallel	26
39259274	Theo 3-8	Through a point outside a line, there is exactly one line parallel to the given line	27
39259275	Theo 3-9	Through a point outside a line there is exactly one line perpendicular to the given line	28
39259276	Theo 3-10	Two lines parallel to a third line are parallel to each other	29
39259277	Theo 3-11	The sum of the measures of the angles of a triangle is 180	30
39259278	Coro 3-1	If two angles of one triangle are congruent to two angles of another triangle, then the third angles are congruent	31
39259279	Coro 3-2	Each angle of an equiangular triangle has measure 60	32
39259280	Coro 3-3	Any triangle, there can be at most one right angle or obtuse angle	33
39259281	Coro 3-4	Acute angles of a right triangle are complementary	34
39259282	Theo 3-12	The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle equals the sum of the measures of two remote interior angles	35
39259283	Theo 3-13	The sum of the measures of the angles of a convex polygon with N sides is (n-2)180	36
39259284	Theo 3-14	The sum of the measures of the exterior angles of any convex polygon, one angle at each vertex, is 360	37
39259285	Post: SSS	If three sides of one triangle are congruent to three sides of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent	38
39259286	Post: SAS	If two sides and an included angle of one triangle are congruent to two sides and an included angle of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent	39
39259287	Post: ASA	If two angles and an included side of one triangle are congruent to two angles and an included side of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent	40
39674801	Theo 4-1	If two side of a triangle are congruent, then the angles opposite those sides are congrunet	41
39674802	Coro 4-1	An equilateral triangle is also equiangular	42
39674803	Coro 4-2	An equilateral triangle has three 60 degree angles	43
39674804	Coro 4-3	The bisector of the vertex angle of an isosceles triangle is perpendicular to the base at its midpoint	44
39674805	The 4-2	If two angles of a triangle are congruent, then the sides opposite those angles are congruent	45
39674806	Coro 4-4	An equiangular triangle is also equilateral	46

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Chapter 1:College US History: New World Beginnings Mr. Gannon Flashcards

The Shaping of North America
Peopling the Americas
The Earliest Americans
Inderect Discoverers of the New World
Europeans Enter Africa
Columbus Comes upon a New World
When Worlds Collide
The Spanish Conquistadores
The Conquest of MExico
The Spread of Spanish America

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898786094	Canadian Sheild	a river rising in northeastern New Mexico and flowing eastward across the Texas panhandle to become a tributary of the Arkansas River in Oklahoma	1
898786095	Incas	Ancient Tribe in Mexico,created the great Inca empire that lasted from about 1100 until the Spanish conquest in the early 1530s	2
898786096	Aztec	Ancient tribe in Mexico, a member of the Nahuatl people. overthrown by Cortes in 1519	3
898786097	Nation-States	a state that self-identifies as deriving its political legitimacy from serving as a sovereign entity for a nation as a sovereign territorial unit	4
898786098	Cahokia	Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site is located on the site of an ancient Native American city situated directly across the Mississippi River from modern St. Louis, Missouri	5
898786099	Three-Sister Farming	Corn, beans and squash were traded with Europe	6
898786100	Middlemen	The "center" of the trade. The Asians would give good s to the Moors who would give it to the Eurpoeans	7
898786101	Caravel	A midevilal ship, the strongest of its time. Could sail against the wind.	8
898786102	Plantation	A large farm used formplanting and growing crops	9
898786103	Columbian Exchange	Awidespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations (including slaves), communicable disease, and ideas	10
898786104	Treaty of Tordesillas	Portagul and Spain went to the Pope so he split the Americans in half and told them Portagul gets this half and Spain gets this half.	11
900886298	Conquistadores	An adventurer (especially one who led the Spanish conquest)	12
900886299	Capitalism	An economic system based on private ownership of capital	13
900886300	Encomienda	Allowing Eurpoeans to make Indains become Christianized	14
900886301	Noche Triste	1520,an important event during the Spanish conquest of Mexico, Hernán Cortés and his army of Spanish conquistadors fought their way out of the Mexican capital named on the sorrow Cortés and his followers felt at the loss of life and treasure	15
900886302	Mestizos	A breed of Eurpoean and Indian	16
900886303	Battle of Acoma	January 1599 between Spanish conquistadors and Acoma native Americans in New Mexico the Spanish retaliated by launching an expedition, led to around 800 men, women and children dead during a three-day battle. .	17
900886304	Pope's Rebellion	The Indians retaliated by burning the Roman Catholic Churches and killing the Priests	18
900886305	Black Legend	Anti-Spanish in the 16th century, thought to counter Spain's increasing influence and power on the world stage	19

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Ch 2 American Pageant 13e JDCHS Flashcards

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402922116	Lord De La Warr	New governor of Jamestown who arrived in 1610, immediately imposing a military regime in Jamestown and declaring war against the Powhatan Confederacy. Employed "Irish tactics" in which his troops burned houses and cornfields.	1
402922117	Pocahontas	Indian princess, daughter of Powhatan; friend to Jamestown settlers, because of her influence, helped save the colony of Jamestown; married John Rolfe which led to a time of peace between the English and the Indians	2
402922118	Powahatan	Chief of the Powhatan Indians- father of Pocahantas	3
402922119	Handsome Lake	A Seneca, who led the most important revivalism among Native Americans, had a miraculous rebirth after years of alcoholism helped give him a special stature with his tribe. His message, which mostly spread to the remaining Iroquois, said that Native Americans should give up the nasty customs they developed from white culture, and restore the quality of the Indian world.	4
402922120	John Rolfe	Rolfe was an Englishman who became a colonist in the early settlement of Virginia. He is best known as the man who married the Native American, Pocahontas and took her to his homeland of England. Rolfe was also the savior of the Virginia colony by perfecting the tobacco industry in North America. Rolfe died in 1622, during one of many Indian attacks on the colony.	5
402922121	Walter Raleigh	Received a charter from Queen Elizabeth I to explore the American coastline. His ships landed on Roanoke, which became a "lost colony."	6
402922122	Lord Baltimore	Founded the colony of Maryland and offered religious freedom to all Christian colonists. He did so because he knew that members of his own religion (Catholicism) would be a minority in the colony.	7
402922123	James Oglethorpe	Founder and governor of the Georgia colony. He ran a tightly-disciplined, military-like colony. Slaves, alcohol, and Catholicism were forbidden in his colony.	8
402922124	Humphrey Gilbert	an English courtier whose interest in a Northwest Passage through North America to the Orient led him to an unsuccessful attempt to found an English colony in Newfoundland in the early 1580s. He was lost at sea on the return voyage.	9
402922125	Oliver Cromwell	Englishman; led the army to overthrow King Charles I and was successful in 1646. Cromwell ruled England in an almost democratic style until his death. His uprising drew English attention away from Jamestown and the other American colonies.	10
402922126	John Smith	John Smith took over the leadership role of the English Jamestown settlement in 1608. Most people in the settlement at the time were only there for personal gain and did not want to help strengthen the settlement. Smith therefore told the people, "people who do not work do not eat." His leadership saved the Jamestown settlement from collapsing.	11
402922127	John Wesley	Powerful evangelists of the Great Awakening. The helped spread the message of the revival and founded Methodism. With George Whitefield, he visited Georgia and other colonies in the 1730s.	12
402922128	Francis Drake	From 1577 to 1580, this explorer sailed to the Pacific to raid Spanish ships. He also explored the coast of California, then continued on to be the 2nd man to sail around the world.	13
402922129	George Percy	Accompanied Captain John Smith on his expedition to Virginia; served as deputy-governor in 1609-1610; returned to England in 1612 and wrote about the colonists' extreme hunger during the harsh winter.	14
402922130	William Penn	Penn, an English Quaker, founded Pennsylvania in 1682, after receiving a charter from King Charles II the year before. He launched the colony as a "holy experiment" based on religious tolerance.	15
402922131	Richard Hakluyt	Main promoter of colonization by England in the New World. Reasons included surplus of English labor and thwarting Spain.	16
402922132	Henry VIII	(1491-1547) King of England from 1509 to 1547; his desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England's break with the Roman Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism. Henry established the Church of England in 1532.	17
402922133	Elizabeth I	Queen in the 1570s when Britain began interest in New World. She never made a major commitment to colonization. Full scale attempts at colonies didn't happen until after her death in 1603. Private enterprise more important than royal support.	18
402922134	Philip II	Supporter of Catholic Church, increased power for Spain with riches from the Americas, Absolute Monarchy, Divine Right.	19
436485639	James I	1606 chartered the virginia Company w/ authority to colonize N. America	20
436485640	Charles I	King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625-1649). His power struggles with Parliament resulted in the English Civil War (1642-1648) in which Charles was defeated. He was tried for treason and beheaded in 1649	21
436485641	Charles II	in 1660 ascended the English throne and created a string of new settlements: The Restoration Colonies; a generous but extravagant man who was always in debt, he rewarded 8 aritocratic supporters with a gift of the Carolinas, an area long claimed by Spain and populated by thousands of Indians.	22
436485642	Deganawidah and Hiawatha	Iroquois leaders who told warring Iroquois groups to stop fighting; co-founders of Iroquois Confederacy	23
436485643	George II	Became king of England in 1727, the 13th colony (Georgia) was named after him	24
436485644	joint-stock company	A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts.	25
436485645	enclosure	in England in the 1700s, the process of taking over and fencing off public lands	26
436485646	House of Burgesses	the first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619, representative colony set up by England to make laws and levy taxes but England could veto its legistlative acts.	27
436485647	royal charter	Royal document granting a specified group the right to form a colony and guaranteeing settlers their rights as English citizens	28
436485648	slave codes	laws that controlled the lives of enslaved african americans and denied them basic rights	29
436485649	yeoman	in former times was free and cultivated his own land	30
436485650	proprieter	an owner or owner-manage of land granted by the king used to refer to one of the lords propieter, who were granted carolina by king charles II	31
436485651	squatter	A person who settles on land without title or right: Early settlers in North Carolina became squatters when they put their small farms on the new land. They raised tobacco on the land that they claimed, and tobacco later became a major cash crop for North Carolina.	32
436485652	law of primogeniture	eldest son receives all of the inheritance; forced younger sibling to look for wealth elsewhere (America)	33
436485653	indentured servant	Laborer who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America	34
436485654	starving time	The winter of 1609 to 1610 was known as the "starving time" to the colonists of Virginia. Only sixty members of the original four-hundred colonists survived. The rest died of starvation because they did not possess the skills that were necessary to obtain food in the new world.	35
436485655	Sea Dogs	English sea captains authorized to raid Spanish ships and towns.	36
436485656	surplus population	remarkably mobile population in England due to footloose farmers from enclosure; went to New World to work and gain money	37
436485657	First Anglo-Powhatan War	declared by Lord De La Warr when he took over Jamestown; marriage of Pocahontas and John Rolfe (first interracial union in Virginia) ended war in 1614	38
436485658	Second Anglo-Powhatan War	Indians last effort to dislodge Virginians, they were defeated. Peace treaty of 1646 stopped any hope of creating native peoples into Virginia society or peace with coexisting.	39
436485659	Act of Toleration	A legal document that allowed all Christian religions in Maryland: Protestants invaded the Catholics in 1649 around Maryland: protected the Catholics religion from Protestant rage of sharing the land: Maryland became the #1 colony to shelter Catholics in the New World.	40
436485660	Barbados Slave Code	The harsh system of laws governing African labor, first developed in barbados and later officially adopted by South Carolina in 1696	41
436485661	Virginia Company	Joint-Stock Company in London that received a charter for land in the new world. Charter guarantees new colonists same rights as people back in England.	42
436485662	English Restoration	(1660-1688) Restoration of the monarchy in England, marked the return of Charles II as king after the period of Oliver Cromwell's Commonwealth, bishops were restored to Parliament, expansion of colonial trade	43
436485663	Act of Toleration	An act passed in Maryland 1649 that granted freedom of worship to all Christians; although it was enacted to protect the Catholic minority in Maryland, it was a benchmark of religious freedom in all the colonies. It did not extend to non-Christians, however.	44
436485664	Savannah Indians	In 1707 ended their alliance with the Carolinians and would have migrated to the backcountry of Maryland and Pennsylvania, but before they could leave were annihilated by the Indian tribes of coastal Carolina	45
436485665	Iroquois Confederacy	An alliance of five northeastern Amerindian peoples (after 1722 six) that made decisions on military and diplomatic issues through a council of representatives. Allied first with the Dutch and later with the English, it dominated W. New England.	46
436485666	Santa Fe	Served as capitol of the Spanish colonies in North America	47
436485667	Quebec	First permanent French settlement in North America, founded by Samuel de Champlain	48
436485668	Jamestown	The first successful settlement in the Virginia colony founded in May, 1607. Harsh conditions nearly destroyed the colony but in 1610 supplies arrived with a new wave of settlers. The settlement became part of the Virginia Company of London in 1620. The population remained low due to lack of supplies until agriculture was solidly established. Jamestown grew to be a prosperous shipping port when John Rolfe introduced tobacco as a major export and cash crop.	49
436485669	Charles Town	A city named for King Charles II in (what was then called) the Carolina colony; at the time, it was the busiest seaport in the South. It was a proponent of religious toleration.	50
436485670	Powhatan's Confederacy	Dominate native people James River area when English came 1607, saw English as allies at first to extend power over Indian rivals	51
436485671	Chesapeake	The Viginia-Maryland Bay area that was the site of the earliest colonial settlement.	52
436485672	English Civil War	Conflict from 1640 to 1660; included religious and constitutional issues concerning the powers of the monarchy; ended with restoration of a limited monarchy.	53
436485673	Quakers	English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preache a doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania	54

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Chapter 1-5 Vocab, The American Pageant Flashcards

The American Pageant, 13th Edition

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903194468	Great Ice Age	A time when the sea levels lowered, exposing a land bridge that allowed a passage for different peoples to cross over to the new land	1
903194470	Treaty of Tordesillas	Spain and Portugal made a treaty line that split the new world	2
903194472	Bartolome de Las Casas	He wrote the destruction of the Indies. He thought that what the Native Americans were going through was horrible and he was even more horrified when he saw the effects the diseases from England had on the Natives. He was also appalled at the idea of the encomienda system.	3
903194474	Ponce de Leon	A Spanish conquistador that explored Florida, thinking at first that it was an island. He was seeking gold, but was killed by an Indian arrow before he found any.	4
903194476	Francisco Coronado	He was on a quest to find the golden cities that ended up being Adobe Pueblos (1540-1542) He discovered the grand canyon and enormous herds of bison.	5
903194478	Hernando de Soto	He went on a gold seeking expedition during 1539-1542 with 600 men. He discovered the Mississippi river.	6
903194480	Hernando Cortes	He conquered the Aztecs and their capital, Tenochtitlan	7
903194481	Francisco Pizarro	He conquered the Incas of Peru in 1532	8
903194482	Mestizos	People who were of mixed European and Indian (Native American) heritage.	9
903194483	Joint-stock company	the "forerunner" or the ancestor/original modern corporation. It was perfected by the early 1600's	10
903194484	John Smith	He was a young adventurer who had saved Virginia from failure and whipped the "gold-hungry" colonists into shape.	11
903194485	Pocahontas	She was a Native American who "saved" John Smith during a mock execution. She became the negotiator between the Natives and the Settlers	12
903194486	Virgina Company	a company that allowed people from England who were coming over to the new lands to come over as indentured servants	13
903194487	House of Burgesses	An assembly summoned by the Virginia settlers and authorized by the London Company	14
903194488	Proprietor	The owner of a business, etc.	15
903194489	Primogeniture	laws that stated only the eldest sons were eligible to inherit land	16
903194490	James Oglethorpe	He was a soldier/ statesman who was keenly interested in prison reform	17
903194491	John Calvin	He created his own religion called Calvinism and developed the idea of Predestination	18
903194492	Separatists	People who had separated from the commonly accepted church and teachings.	19
903194494	Mayflower Compact	An agreement to form a crude government in which the majority must be obeyed	20
903194498	Great English Migration	Seventy-thousand refugees had left England in the 1630's due to continuing turmoil in England	21
903194500	Anne Hutchinson	The mother of 14 children. She challenged the Puritan belief of predestination.	22
903194502	Roger Williams	A Salem minister, and an extreme separatist; he wanted to completely separate from the Church of England.	23
903194504	John Winthrop	The first governor of the Bay colony.	24
903194505	William Bradford	He was a self-taught scholar who was elected governor thirty-three times	25
903194506	Pequot War of 1637	A war between the Puritans and the Indians that lasted four decades.	26
903194507	King Philip's War	King Phillip had formed an alliance with the Indians and started attacking English villages. In the end however, more Indians were killed than colonists and King Phillip was beheaded.	27
903194508	The "elect"	The people who were chosen by predestination to go to heaven.	28
903194509	Quakers	People who defied the authority of the Puritan clergy	29
903194510	Covenant	An agreement between a church and it's adherents (disciples)	30
903194511	Indentured servants	People who came to new England under a contract saying they had to work for the Virginia company for a certain amount of years.	31
903194512	Headright system	A system that both Maryland and Virginia established to encourage the arrival of more workers.	32
903194513	Bacon's Rebellion	A rebellion where approximately a thousand Virginians broke out and attacked the Indians, chased Burkeley out of the town and burned the capital.	33
903194514	Middle passage	The part of the slave trade that brought slaves from Africa to the New World	34
903194515	Planter Class	Men who owned plantations and had indentured servants or "white slaves"	35
903194516	The Scarlet Letter	A book mainly about the letter "A" that convicted adulterers had to wear on their clothing.	36
903194517	Jeremiad	a new form of sermon used in the Puritan churches that scolded parishioners for waning their faith	37
903194518	Half-Way Covenant	it modified the old covenant by having the children of existing members admit to baptism but not full communion	38
903194519	Salem Witch Trials	a time when people (mostly women) were being lynched because they were accused of being a witch and bewitching adolescent girls	39
903194520	Leisler's Rebellion	a rebellion that was caused due to the want for separation of classes. It was in New York from 1689-1691	40
903194521	Jonathan Edwards	He was a pastor with a strong belief that salvation can be achieved through good works and that there should be a need for complete dependence on God's will. One of his most famous sermons was titled "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God."	41
903194522	Cotton Mather	He was a Puritan clergy man and an avid scientist who had become frustrated with Boston resident's opposition to vaccination during the smallpox epidemic.	42
903194523	The Great Awakening	a religious revival that happened in the 1730's and 1740's	43
903194524	Phyllis Wheatley	a slave bought to Boston at eighteen years old and a poet. She was able to overcome her disadvantaged background and write some of the best poetry of the time.	44
903194525	Poor Richard's Almanack	a book containing many different virtues that gave witty advice to people both young and old	45
903194526	Zenger decision	The decision to not convict Zenger for assailing a governor in a newspaper. It served as a "banner achievement" for freedom of the press	46

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