| 793615045 | Ferdinand and Isabella | Financiers and beneficiaries of Columbus's voyages to the New World (2 People) | |
| 793615046 | Cortes and Pizarro | Spanish conquerors of great Indian civilizations (2 People) | |
| 793615047 | Dias and De Gama | Portuguese navigators who sailed around the African coast (2 People) | |
| 793615048 | Columbus | Italian-born explorer who thought that he had arrived off the coast of Asia rather than on unknown continents | |
| 793615049 | Malinche | Female Indian slave who served as interpreter for Cortes | |
| 793615050 | Montezuma | Powerful Aztec monarch who fell to Spanish conquerors | |
| 793615051 | Hiawatha | Legendary founder of the powerful Iroquois Confederacy | |
| 793615052 | John Cabot | Italian-born navigator sent by English to explore North American coast in 1498 | |
| 793615053 | Junipero Serra | Spanish missionary who founded Franciscan missions in California (1713-1784) | |
| 793615054 | Powhatan | Indian leader who ruled tribes in the James River area of Virginia | |
| 793615055 | Raleigh and Gilbert | Elizabethan courtiers who failed in their attempts to found New World colonies (2 People) | |
| 793615056 | Smith and Rolfe | Virginia leader "saved" by Pocahontas and the prominent settler who married her (2 People) | |
| 793615057 | Lord de la Warr | Harsh military governor of Virginia who employed "Irish tactics" against the Indians | |
| 793615058 | Lord Baltimore | The Catholic aristocrat who sought to build a sanctuary for his fellow believers | |
| 793615059 | James Oglethorpe | Philanthropic soldier-statesman who founded the Georgia colony | |
| 793615060 | Elizabeth I | The unmarried ruler who established English Protestantism and fought the Catholic Spanish | |
| 793615061 | Martin Luther | German Monk who began the Protestant Reformation | |
| 793615062 | John Calvin | Reformer whose religious ideas inspired English Puritans, Scotch Presbyterians, French Huguenots, and Dutch Reformed | |
| 793615063 | Massasoit | Wampanoag chieftain who befriended English colonists | |
| 793615064 | John Winthrop | Promoter of Massachusetts Bay as a holy "City upon a hill" | |
| 793615065 | Anne Hutchison | Religious dissenter convicted of the heresy of antinomianism | |
| 793615066 | Roger Williams | Radical founder of the most tolerant New England colony (Which was Rhode Island) | |
| 793615067 | King Philip | Indian leader who waged an unsuccessful war against New England's white colonists | |
| 793615068 | Peter Stuyvesant | Conqueror of New Sweden who later lost New Netherland to the English | |
| 793615069 | William Penn | Founder of the most tolerant and democratic of the middle colonies (Which was Pennsylvania) | |
| 793615070 | Nathaniel Bacon | Agitator who led poor former indentured servants and frontiersmen on a rampage against Indian and colonial government | |
| 793615071 | Governer Berkeley | Colonial Virginia official who crushed Bacon's rebels and wreaked cruel revenge | |
| 793615072 | Nathaniel Hawthorne | Author of a novel about the early New England practice of requiring adulterers to wear the letter "A" (The Scarlet Letter) | |
| 793615073 | Paxton Boys and Regulators | Scots-Irish frontiersmen who protested against colonial elites of Pennsylvania and North Carolina ( 2 GROUPS of people) | |
| 793615074 | Patrick Henry | Eloquent lawyer-orator who argued in defense of colonial rights ("Give me liberty or give me death!"). He was an anti-federalist who thought the constitution spelled the end of liberty and equality. | |
| 793615075 | Jonathan Edwards | Brilliant New England theologian who instigated the Great Awakening (And wrote "Sinners in the hands of an angry God") | |
| 793615076 | George Whitefield | Itinerant British evangelist who spread the Great Awakening throughout the colonies | |
| 793615077 | Philis Wheatley | Former African-American slave who became a poet at an early age | |
| 793615078 | Benjamin Franklin | Author, scientist, printer; "The first civilized American". Also, he promoted the "Great Compromise" at the Constitutional Convention. | |
| 793615079 | John Peter Zenger | Colonial printer whose case helped begin freedom of the press | |
| 793615080 | John Singleton Copley | Loyalist colonial painter who studied and worked in Britain (painted portraits of Paul Revere, John Hancock) | |
| 793615081 | King Louis XIV | Absolute French monarch who reigned for seventy-two years. | |
| 793615082 | Samuel de Champlain | The Father of New France, who established a crucial alliance with the Huron Indians | |
| 793615083 | Robert de la Salle | French empire builder who explored the Mississippi Basin and named it after his monarch | |
| 793615084 | George Washington | From ch.8: A wealthy Virginian of great character and leadership abilities who served his country as president without pay. From ch. 6: a militia commander whose frontier skirmish touched off a World War | |
| 793615085 | General Braddock | Blundering British officer whose defeat gave the advantage to the French and Indians in the early stages of their war | |
| 793615086 | William Pitt | Splendid British political orator and organizer of the winning strategy against the French in the North America. | |
| 793615087 | Pontiac | Indian leader whose frontier uprising caused the British to attempt to limit colonial expansion | |
| 793615088 | John Hancock | Wealthy president of the Continental Congress and "King of the Smugglers" | |
| 793615089 | George Grenville | British minister who raised a storm of protest by passing the Stamp Act | |
| 793615090 | "Champagne Charley" Townshend | Minister whose clever attempt to impose import taxes (Townshend Acts) nearly succeeded but eventually brewed trouble for Britain. | |
| 793615091 | Crispus Attucks | Alleged leader of radical protesters killed in Boston Massacre | |
| 793615092 | George III | Stubborn English ruler, lustful for power, who promoted harsh ministers like Lord North | |
| 793615093 | Samuel Adams | Zealous defender of the common people's rights and organizer of underground propaganda committees (Sons of Liberty/ Committee of Correspondence) | |
| 793615094 | Thomas Hutchinson | British governor of Massachusetts whose stubborn policies helped provoke the Boston Tea Party | |
| 793615095 | Marquis de Lafayette | Nineteen-year-old major general in the Revolutionary army | |
| 793615096 | Baron von Steuben | Organizational genius who turned raw colonial recruits into tough professional soldiers | |
| 793615097 | Benedict Arnold | Brilliant American general who invaded Canada, foiled Burgoyne's invasion, and then betrayed his country in 1780 | |
| 793615098 | Thomas Paine | A radical british immigrant who put an end to American toasts to King George (By writing Common Sense and The Rights of Man) | |
| 793615099 | Richard Henry Lee | Fiery Virginian and author of the official resolution of July 2, 1776, formally authorizing the colonies' independence | |
| 793615100 | Thomas Jefferson | Author of an explanatory indictment, signed on July 4, 1776, that accused George III of establishing a military dicatorship. He was also Washington's Secretary of State and the organizer of a political party opposed to Hamilton's policies. | |
| 793615101 | General Burgoyne | Blundering British general whose slow progress south from Canada ended in disaster at Saratoga | |
| 793615102 | General Howe | British general who chose to enjoy himself in New York & Philadelphia rather than vigorously pursue the American enemy | |
| 793615103 | George Rogers Clark | Leader whose small force conquered key British forts in the West | |
| 793615104 | John Paul Jones | American naval commander who successfully harassed British shipping | |
| 793615105 | Joseph Brant | Mohawk chief who led many Iroquois to fight with Britain against American revolutionaries | |
| 793615106 | Daniel Shays (Shays' Rebellion) | Revolutionary War veteran who led poor farmers in a revolt that failed but had far-reaching consequences | |
| 793615107 | James Madison | Father of the Constitution and author of "Federalist No.10". He drafted the Bill of Rights and moved it through the 1st Congress | |
| 793615108 | Alexander Hamilton | First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt. | |
| 793615109 | John Jay | Frustrated foreign affairs secretary under the Articles of Confederation; one of three authors of "The Federalist" | |
| 793615110 | Albert Gallatin | Swiss-born treasury secretary who disliked national debt but kept most Hamiltonian economic measures in effect | |
| 793615111 | John Marshall | Federalist Supreme Court justice whose brilliant legal efforts established the principle of judicial review | |
| 793615112 | Samuel Chase | Federalist Supreme Court justice impeached by the House in 1804 but acquitted by the Senate | |
| 793615113 | Pasha of Tripoli | North African leader who fought an undeclared war with the United States from 1801 to 1805 | |
| 793615114 | Napolean Bonaparte | French ruler who acquired Louisiana from Spain only to sell it to the United States | |
| 793615115 | Robert Livingston | American minister to Paris who joined James Monroe in making a magnificent real estate deal (He negotiated the Louisiana Purchase) | |
| 793615116 | Toussaint L'Ouverture | Gifted black revolutionary whose successful slave revolution (Haitian Revolution) indirectly led to Napolean's sale of Louisiana | |
| 793615117 | William Clark | Young army officer who joined Jefferson's personal secretary (Meriwether Lewis) in exploring the Louisiana Purchase and Oregon country | |
| 793615118 | Aaron Burr | Former vice-president, killer of Alexander Hamilton, and plotter of mysterious secessionist schemes | |
| 793615119 | Tecumseh (Tecumseh's Confederacy) | Shawnee leader who organized a major Indian confederation against U.S. expansion | |
| 793615120 | William Henry | Military leader who defeated Tecumseh's brother, "the Prophet," at the Battle of Tippecanoe | |
| 793615121 | Stephen Decatur | American naval hero of the war 1812 who said, "..our country, right or wrong!" | |
| 793615122 | Henry Clay | Eloquent Kentucky spokesman for the "American System" and key architect of the Missouri Compromise in the U.S. Senate | |
| 793615123 | James Monroe | President whose personal popularity contributed to the Era of Good Feelings | |
| 793615124 | Andrew Jackson | Military commander who exceeded his government's instructions during an invasion of Spanish Territory (Florida). (Later becomes 7th president of the United States) | |
| 793615125 | Daniel Webster | The leading voice promoting nationalism and greater federal power in the United States Senate during the 1820s. A Whig leader who negotiated an end to the Maine boundary dispute in 1842 | |
| 793615126 | Tsar Alexander I | Russian ruler whose mediation proposal led to negotiations ending the War of 1812 | |
| 793615127 | John C Calhoun | Former vice president, leader of South Carolina nullifiers, and bitter enemy of Andrew Jackson | |
| 793615128 | Nicholas Biddle | Talented but high-handed bank president who fought a bitter losing battle with the president of the United States | |
| 793615129 | John Quincy Adams | Aloof New England statesman whose elitism made him an unpopular president in the new era of mass democracy | |
| 793615130 | David Crocket | A frontier hero, Tennessee Congressman, and teller of tall tales who died in the Texas War for Independence | |
| 793615131 | Stephen Austin | Original leader of american settlers in Texas who obtained a huge land grant from the Mexican government | |
| 793615132 | Sam Houston | Former Tennessee governor whose victory at San Jacinto in 1836 won Texas its independence | |
| 793615133 | Osceola | Seminole leader whose warriors killed fifteen hundred American soldiers in years of guerrilla warfare | |
| 793615134 | Santa Anna | Mexican general and dictator whose large army failed to defeat the Texans | |
| 793615135 | Martin Van Buren | The "wizard of Albany", whose economically troubled presidency was served in the shadow of Jackson | |
| 793615136 | Black Hawk | Illinois-Wisconsin area Sauk leader who was defeated by American regulars and militia in 1832 | |
| 793615137 | William Henry Harrison | "Old Tippecanoe," who was portrayed by Whig propagandists as a hard-drinking common man on the frontier | |
| 793615138 | Samuel Slater | Immigrant mechanic who initiated American industrialization by setting up his cotton-spinning factory in 1791 | |
| 793615139 | Eli Whitney | Yankee mechanical genius who revolutionized cotton production (with his invention of the cotton gin) and created the system of interchangeable parts | |
| 793615140 | Elias Howe | Inventor of a machine (sewing machine) that revolutionized the ready-made clothing industry | |
| 793615141 | Samuel F.B. Morse (Morse Code) | Painter turned inventior who developed the first reliable system for instant communication across distance | |
| 793615142 | Cyrus McCormick | Inventor of the mechanical reaper that transformed grain growing into a business | |
| 793615143 | Robert Fulton | Developer of a "folly" that made rivers two way streams of transportation (The steamboat) | |
| 793615144 | Cyrus Field | Wealthy New York manufacturer who laid the first temporary transatlantic cable in 1858 | |
| 793615145 | DeWitt Clinton | New York governor who built the Erie Canal | |
| 793615146 | Dorothea Dix | Quietly Determined reformer who substantially improved conditions for the mentally ill | |
| 793615147 | Brigham Young | The "Mormon Moses" who led persecuted Latter-Day Saints to their promised land in Utah | |
| 793615148 | Elizabeth Cady Stanton | Leading feminist who wrote the "Declaration of Sentiments" in 1848 and pushed for women's suffrage | |
| 793615149 | Lucretia Mott | Quaker women's rights advocate who also strongly supported abolition of slavery | |
| 793615150 | Emily Dickinson | Reclusive New England poet who wrote about love, death, and immortality | |
| 793615151 | Charles G. Finney | Influential evangelical revivalist of the Second Great Awakening | |
| 793615152 | Robert Owen | Idealistic Scottish industrialist whose attempt at a communal utopia in America failed | |
| 793615153 | John Humphrey Noyes | Leader of a radical New York commune that practiced "complex marriage" and eugenic birth control | |
| 793615154 | Mary Lyon | Pioneering women's educator, founder of Mount Holyoke Seminary in Massachusetts | |
| 793615155 | Louisa May Alcott | Novelist whose tales of family life (and her book "Little Women") helped economically support her own struggling transcendentalist family | |
| 793615156 | James Fenimore Cooper | Path-breaking American novelist who contrasted the natural person of the forest with the values of modern civilization (He wrote "The last of the Mohicans") | |
| 793615157 | Ralph Waldo Emerson | Second-rate poet and philosopher, but first-rate promoter of transcendentalist ideals and American culture | |
| 793615158 | Walt Whitman | Bold, unconventional poet who celebrated American democracy (O Captain, My Captain; Leaves of Grass) | |
| 793615159 | Edgar Allen Poe | Eccentric southern-born genius whose tales of mystery, suffering, and the supernatural departed from general American literary trends | |
| 793615160 | Herman Melville | New York writer whose romantic sea tales were more popular than his dark literary masterpiece. (He wrote "Moby Dick") | |
| 793615161 | Sir Walter Scott | English novelist whose romantic medievalism encouraged the semi-feudal ideas of the southern planters aristocracy | |
| 793615162 | Harriet Beecher Stowe | Author of an abolitionist novel ("Uncle Tom's Cabin") that portrayed the separation of slave families by auction. "The little woman who wrote the book that made this great war" | |
| 793615163 | Nat Turner | Visionary black preacher whose bloody slave rebellion in 1831 tightened the reins of slavery in the South | |
| 793615164 | Theodore Dwight Weld | Leader of the "Lane Rebels" who wrote the powerful antislavery work American Slavery As It Is | |
| 793615165 | Lewis Tappan | Wealthy New York abolitionist merchant whose home was demolished by a mob in 1834 | |
| 793615166 | William Lloyd Garrison | Leading radical abolitionist who burned the Constitution as a "covenatnt with death and an agreement with hell" and was editor of the newspaper, "The Liberator" | |
| 793615167 | David Walker | Black abolitionist writer who called for a bloody end to slavery in the appeal of 1829 | |
| 793615168 | Sojourner Truth | New York free black woman who fought for emancipation and woman's rights | |
| 793615169 | Martin Delany | Black abolitionist who visited West Africa in 1859 to examine sites where African Americans might relocate | |
| 793615170 | Frederick Douglass | Escaped slave and great black abolitionist who fought to end slavery through political action | |
| 793615171 | Elijah Lovejoy | Illinois editor whose death at the hands of a mob made him an abolitionist martyr | |
| 793615172 | John Tyler | Leader elected vice president on the Whig ticket who spent most of his presidency in bitter feuds with his fellow Whigs | |
| 793615173 | James K. Polk | Dark-horse presidential winner in 1844 who effectively carried out ambitious expansionist campaign plans (Texas and Oregon Country) | |
| 793615174 | John C. Fremont | Dashing explorer/adventurer who led the overthrow of Mexican rule in California after war broke out | |
| 793615175 | Abraham Lincoln | Congressional author of the "spot resolutions" criticizing the Mexican War. Also, author of the moderate "10 percent" reconstruction plan that ran into congressional opposition | |
| 793615176 | Zachary Taylor | American military hero who invaded northern Mexico from Texas in 1846-1847. Also becomes a Whig president who nearly destroyed the Compromise of 1850 before he died in office. | |
| 793615177 | Winfield Scott | "Old Fuss and Feathers," whose conquest of Mexico City brought U.S. victory in the Mexican War | |
| 793615178 | Nicholas Trist | Long-winded American diplomat who negotiated the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | |
| 793615179 | David Wilmot (Wilmot Proviso) | Congressional author of resolution forbidding slavery in territory acquired from Mexico (thought it did NOT pass) | |
| 793615180 | Lewis Cass | Democratic presedential candidate in 1848, original proponet of the idea of "popular sovereignty" | |
| 793615181 | Caleb Cushing | American diplomat who negotiated the Treaty of Wanghia with China in 1844 | |
| 793615182 | Harriet Tubman | Famous conductor on the Underground Railroad who rescued more than 300 slaves from bondage | |
| 793615183 | William Seward | New York senator who argued that the expansion of slavery was forbidden by a higher law. Also, arranged an initially unpopular but valuable land deal in 1867 (Alaska) | |
| 793615184 | Franklin Pierce | Weak Democratic president whose pro-southern cabinet pushed aggressive expansionist schemes | |
| 793615185 | Winfield Scott | Military hero of the Mexican War who became the Whigs' last presidential candidate in 1852 | |
| 793615186 | Matthew Perry | American naval commander who opened Japan to the West in 1854 | |
| 793615187 | Stephen A. Douglas | Illinois politician who helped smooth over sectional conflict in 1850 (Compromise of 1850) but then reignited it in 1854 (Kansas-Nebraska Act) | |
| 793615188 | Hinton R. Helper | Southern-born author whose book attacking slavery's effects on whites aroused northern opinion ("The Impending Crisis of the South") | |
| 793615189 | John Brown | Fanatical and bloody-minded abolitionist martyr admired in the north and hated in the south | |
| 793615190 | James Buchanan | Weak democratic president whose manipulation by proslavery forces divided his own party | |
| 793615191 | Charles Sumner | Abolitionist senator whose verbal attack on the south provoked a physical assault that severely injured him | |
| 793615192 | Preston Brooks | Southern congressman whose bloody attack on a northern senator (Charles Sumner) fueled sectional hatred | |
| 793615193 | John C. Fremont | Romantic western hero and the first republican candidate for president | |
| 793615194 | Dred Scott | Black slave whose unsuccessful attempt to win his freedom deepened the sectional controversy | |
| 793615195 | Jefferson Davis | Former Unites States senator who in 1861 became the president of what called itself a new nation (the confederacy) | |
| 793615196 | Oliver O Howard | Pro-black general who led an agency that tried to assist the freedmen (the "Freedmen's Bureau) | |
| 793615197 | Andrew Johnson | Born a poor white southerner, he became the white south's champion against radical reconstruction after Lincoln was assassinated | |
| 793615198 | Thadeus Stevens | Leader of the radical Republicans in the House of Representatives | |
| 793615199 | Benjamin Wade | The president pro tempore of the senate who hoped to become president of the US after Johnson's impeachment conviction | |
| 793615200 | George McClellan | Union general who repudiated his party's Copperhead platform and polled 45 percent of the popular vote in 1864 | |
| 793615201 | Robert E. Lee | Gentlemanly top commander of the confederate army | |
| 793615202 | "Stonewall" Jackson | Daring southern commander killed at the battle of Chancellorsville | |
| 793615203 | George Pickett | Southern officer whose failed charge at Gettysburg marked "the high water mark of confederacy" | |
| 793615204 | Ulysses S. Grant | Union commander who first made his mark with victories in the west | |
| 793615205 | William T. Sherman (Sherman's March) | Ruthless Northern general who waged a march through Georgia | |
| 793615206 | Clement Vallandigham | Notorious Copperhead, convicted of treason, who ran for governor of Ohio while exiled to Canada | |
| 793615207 | Salmon P. Chase | Ambitious secretary of the treasury who wanted to replace Lincoln as president in 1864 | |
| 793615208 | John Wilkes Booth | Fanatical actor whose act of violence (the assassination of Abraham Lincoln) actually harmed the South | |
| 793615209 | Napolean III | Slippery French dictator who ignored the Monroe Doctrine by intervening in Mexican policies. | |
| 793615210 | Charles Francis Adams | American envoy whose shrewd diplomacy helped keep Britain neutral during the Civil War | |
| 793615211 | Maximilian | An Old World aristocrat, manipulated as a puppet in Mexico, who was shot when his puppet-master deserted him | |
| 793615212 | Clara Barton | Helped transform nursing into a respected profession, expanding woman's spheres (Also founded the Red Cross) | |
