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Early Colonies 1607-1750 Flashcards

Early America colonies

383208510	New England	A region in the northeastern United States, consisting of the six states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island
383208511	Middle Colonies	Region of the 13 Colonies located between the New England and Southern Colonies
383208512	Southern Colonies	The colonies of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia
383208513	joint stock company	A business in which people invested their money for a common purpose, then share the profits. Similar to modern corporations.
383208514	London Company	A joint-stock company chartered in 1606 and was responsible for founding the first permanent English settlement in America; Jamestown, Virginia in 1607
383208515	Susan Constant	One of the ship from the London Company, which brought English settlers to America. (Jamestown).
383237496	Godspeed, Susan Constant, & Discovery	The three ships of the Virginia Company in the 1607 voyage that resulted in the founding of the first permanent English settlement in North America, Jamestown.
383237497	Virginia Company	The Virginia Company refers to a pair of English joint stock companies chartered by James I in 1606 with the purposes of establishing settlements on the coast of North America. The investors hoped gold would be found in Virginia, and they expected to get rich on the profits from the wealth of the new colony.
383237498	Jamestown	The first permanent settlement in the Virginia colony founded in May, 1607.
383237499	John Rolfe	He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony.
383237500	Bartholomew Gosnold	Sailed to the New World in May of 1607 and was instrumental in helping to establish the first permanent English settlement at Jamestown, Virginia.
383237501	Powhattan	The leader of a confederacy of Algonquin villages in the Chesapeake region
383237502	Starving Time	The name given the winter of 1609 to 1610 because of the lack of food. Only sixty members of the original four-hundred colonists survived. The rest died of starvation and disease.
383237503	Pocahontas	A Native American, daughter of Chief Powahatan, she married John Rolfe, and went to England with him; about 1595-1617.
383972359	Lord Delaware	The first governor of Virginia.
383972360	Captain John Smith	An English soldier, sailor, and author. This person is remembered for his role in establishing and saving the first permanent English settlement in North America at Jamestown, Virginia.
383972361	Sir Edwin Standys	This person created the headright system
383972362	headright	The right to acquire a certain amount of land granted to the person who finances the passage of a laborer.
383972363	Indenture Servant	A person who agreed to work for another person for a period of time, in return for transportation, food, and shelter.
383972364	House of Burgesses	The first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619.
383972365	Royal Colony	A colony under direct control of the king
383972366	Royal Governor	The leader of a colony appointed by the monarch
383972367	County Court	Courts of general jurisdiction, hears both civil and criminal cases.
383972368	County Government	A political subdivision of the state to implement state services at the local level.
383972369	Justice of the Peace	Judicial officer for rural areas.
384434038	Burgess	A member of the lower house of the legislature of Maryland or Virginia.
384434039	Pilgrims	Group of English Protestant dissenters who established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620 to seek religious freedom after having lived briefly in the Netherlands.
384434040	Plymouth	Colony settled by the Pilgrims. It eventually merged with Massachusetts Bay colony.
384434041	Mayflower Compact	1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.
384434042	William Bradford	Pilgrim leader of the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts. Governor for over 30 years.
384434043	'Of Plymouth Plantation'	William Bradford's book on the history of the Plymouth colony.
384434044	Squanto	Native American who helped with relation between the natives and the Pilgrims. The Native American who taught the Pilgrims to fish, farm and hunt in the new land
384434045	Massachusetts School Law	First public education legislation in America. It stated that towns with 50 or more families had to hire a schoolmaster and that towns with over 100 families had to provide a grammar school.
384434046	Puritan	Group of people who wanted to "purify" the Church of England. They established the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630
384434047	Separatists	Those who wanted to break all connections with the Church of England as opposed to most Puritans who believed it was possible to reform the church; the Pilgrims were Separatists.
384434048	nonseparatists	Another name for the Puritans who arrived in New England in 1629 due to oppression and persecution by the English Crown. These Puritans believed they must purified the church through reforms.
384434049	Cambridge Agreement	1629- The Puritan stockholders of the Massachusetts Bay Company agreed to emigrate to New England on the condition that they would have control of the government of the colony.
384434050	"freemen"	adult males belonging to a Puritan congregation
384434051	John Winthrop	As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, Winthrop (1588-1649) was instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present-day Boston, as a "city upon a hill" from which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world.
384434052	"city upon a hill"	Winthrop's name for Massachusetts Bay Colony symbolizing how it will be a Puritan example that others will look up to
384434053	Massachusetts Bay Colony	One of the first settlements in New England; established in 1629 and became a major Puritan colony. Became the state of Massachusetts.
384434054	town meetings	Local meeting in colonial New England where settlers discussed and voted on issues
384434055	General Court	Elected representative assembly in the Massachusetts Bay Colony
384434056	Lawes and Liberties	First alphabetized code of law printed in English created by the General Court. Clearly defined the freedoms and responsibilities of a citizen of the colony.
387803000	Roger Williams	A dissenter who disagreed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636. He established the colony of Rhode Island.
387803001	Anne Hutchinson	Believed that a person could worship God without the help of a church, minister, or Bible and challenged church authority. She was banashed from Massachusetts..
387803002	Thomas Hooker	Founded Connecticut and established a government in which the powers were limited and protected the rights of individuals
387803003	Fundamental Order of Connecticut	Created in 1639, this governmental system was adopted by the Connecticut Puritans that included representative assemblies and a popularly-elected governor; referred to as the first written constitution of America.
387803004	Lord Baltimore	1694- He was the founder of Maryland, a colony which offered religious freedom, and a refuge for the persecuted Roman Catholics.
387803005	William Penn	Penn, an English Quaker, founded Pennsylvania in 1682, after receiving a charter from King Charles II. He operated the colony as a "holy experiment" based on religious tolerance.
387803006	Holy Experiment	William Penn's term for the government of Pennsylvania, which was supposed to serve everyone and provide freedom for all.
387803007	Charter of Liberties	A charter signed by William Penn, which established a representative assembly in Pennsylvania.
387803008	Peter Stuyvesant	Dutch governor of New Netherland who surrendered the colony to the English. Due to his harsh rule and heavy taxes, he was unpopular and did not receive assistance from the colonists.
387803009	James Oglethorpe	Founder and governor of the Georgia colony. He ran a tightly-disciplined, military-like colony. Slaves, alcohol, and Catholicism were forbidden in his colony.
387803010	Half-Way Covenant	Established by the Congregational church in New England, this contract offered partial membership rights to those not yet converted
387803011	New England Primer	Book published in 1690 by Benjamin Harris. This book taught the alphabet and the Lord's Prayer.
387803012	Harvard	The oldest college in America, which was established to educate and train young men to become ministers. (1636)
387803013	Anne Bradstreet	First published American poet, her main subjects were family, home, and religion.
387803014	sumptuary laws	Laws that regulated the value and style of clothing that various social groups could wear, and the amount they could spend on family celebrations
387803015	yeomen	owners of small farms.
387803016	apprenticeship	A work-based learning experience, in which an individual works alongside a skilled worker or craftsperson to learn specialized work skills
387803017	William and Mary College	School founded in 1693 by a Royal Charter issued by William III and Mary II—second-oldest institution of higher education in the United States.
387803018	Sir William Berkeley	Royal governor of Virginia(1641-1652; 1660-1677), adopted policies that favored the large planters and used dictatorial powers to govern on their behalf; antagonized backwoods farmers on Virginia's western frontier because he failed to protect settlements from Indian attacks, the led to Bacon's Rebellion.
387803019	Anthony Johnson	A slave from Virginia who gained his freedom and became a slave holder himself.
387803020	Royal African Company	Chartered in 1660s to establish a monopoly over the slave trade among British merchants; supplied African slaves to colonies in Barbados, Jamaica, and Virginia.
387803021	Gullah	Combination of English and West African languages spoken by African Americans in the South Carolina colony
387803022	Creole	Refers to a language that arises from contact between two other languages and has features of both.
387803023	Stono Uprising	First slave rebellion. In September 1739, approximately twenty slaves met near the Stono River outside Charleston, South Carolina. They stole guns and ammunition, killed storekeepers and planters, and liberated a number of slaves. Wanted to escape to Spanish Florida for freedom. The slave owners caught up with them killing some and capturing others. As a result, may colonies passed more restrictive laws to control slaves.
387803024	Mercantile system	System used to establish a balance of trade...country must export more than they import(profit).....mother country (England) controls all resources within her empire and takes full responsibility for their distribution
387803025	Navigation Acts	Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries.
387803026	Bacon's Rebellion	A revolt against Governor Sir William Berkeley in Virginia by Nathaniel Bacon and a group of fronteir settlers that resulted in the burning of Jamestown in 1676. The rebels felt Berkeley was not providing protection against Native Americans.
387803027	King Philip's War	Violent Native American rebellion In New England in 1675. (lasting one year) Proportionately one of the bloodiest and costliest war in American history
387803028	Dominion of New England	1686-The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Edmund Andros). Ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros
387803029	Edmund Andros	He was the royal governor of the Dominion of New England. Colonists resented his enforcement of the Navigation Acts and the attempt to abolish the colonial assembly.
387803030	Leisler's Rebellion	After seizing control of New York's government after England's Glorious Revolution in 1688. March 1691, a newly appointed British Royal governor ordered Leister to surrender his position, Leister questioned this order. Leister was arrested and accused of being a rebel. A trial was held he was found guilty and executed.
387803031	John Coode	Led the Protestant group that forced the Maryland governor to resign. He petitioned the crown to make Maryland a royal colony and his petition was accepted. (1689)
387803032	Witchcraft Trials in Salem	Witchcraft hysteria in Massachusetts, in 1692 resulted in the trial, conviction, and execution of twenty accused witches. Later proven to be a huge mistake.

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Early Colonies 1607-1750 Flashcards

Early America colonies

Terms : Hide Images

383208510	New England	A region in the northeastern United States, consisting of the six states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island
383208511	Middle Colonies	Region of the 13 Colonies located between the New England and Southern Colonies
383208512	Southern Colonies	The colonies of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia
383208513	joint stock company	A business in which people invested their money for a common purpose, then share the profits. Similar to modern corporations.
383208514	London Company	A joint-stock company chartered in 1606 and was responsible for founding the first permanent English settlement in America; Jamestown, Virginia in 1607
383208515	Susan Constant	One of the ship from the London Company, which brought English settlers to America. (Jamestown).
383237496	Godspeed, Susan Constant, & Discovery	The three ships of the Virginia Company in the 1607 voyage that resulted in the founding of the first permanent English settlement in North America, Jamestown.
383237497	Virginia Company	The Virginia Company refers to a pair of English joint stock companies chartered by James I in 1606 with the purposes of establishing settlements on the coast of North America. The investors hoped gold would be found in Virginia, and they expected to get rich on the profits from the wealth of the new colony.
383237498	Jamestown	The first permanent settlement in the Virginia colony founded in May, 1607.
383237499	John Rolfe	He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony.
383237500	Bartholomew Gosnold	Sailed to the New World in May of 1607 and was instrumental in helping to establish the first permanent English settlement at Jamestown, Virginia.
383237501	Powhattan	The leader of a confederacy of Algonquin villages in the Chesapeake region
383237502	Starving Time	The name given the winter of 1609 to 1610 because of the lack of food. Only sixty members of the original four-hundred colonists survived. The rest died of starvation and disease.
383237503	Pocahontas	A Native American, daughter of Chief Powahatan, she married John Rolfe, and went to England with him; about 1595-1617.
383972359	Lord Delaware	The first governor of Virginia.
383972360	Captain John Smith	An English soldier, sailor, and author. This person is remembered for his role in establishing and saving the first permanent English settlement in North America at Jamestown, Virginia.
383972361	Sir Edwin Standys	This person created the headright system
383972362	headright	The right to acquire a certain amount of land granted to the person who finances the passage of a laborer.
383972363	Indenture Servant	A person who agreed to work for another person for a period of time, in return for transportation, food, and shelter.
383972364	House of Burgesses	The first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619.
383972365	Royal Colony	A colony under direct control of the king
383972366	Royal Governor	The leader of a colony appointed by the monarch
383972367	County Court	Courts of general jurisdiction, hears both civil and criminal cases.
383972368	County Government	A political subdivision of the state to implement state services at the local level.
383972369	Justice of the Peace	Judicial officer for rural areas.
384434038	Burgess	A member of the lower house of the legislature of Maryland or Virginia.
384434039	Pilgrims	Group of English Protestant dissenters who established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620 to seek religious freedom after having lived briefly in the Netherlands.
384434040	Plymouth	Colony settled by the Pilgrims. It eventually merged with Massachusetts Bay colony.
384434041	Mayflower Compact	1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.
384434042	William Bradford	Pilgrim leader of the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts. Governor for over 30 years.
384434043	'Of Plymouth Plantation'	William Bradford's book on the history of the Plymouth colony.
384434044	Squanto	Native American who helped with relation between the natives and the Pilgrims. The Native American who taught the Pilgrims to fish, farm and hunt in the new land
384434045	Massachusetts School Law	First public education legislation in America. It stated that towns with 50 or more families had to hire a schoolmaster and that towns with over 100 families had to provide a grammar school.
384434046	Puritan	Group of people who wanted to "purify" the Church of England. They established the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630
384434047	Separatists	Those who wanted to break all connections with the Church of England as opposed to most Puritans who believed it was possible to reform the church; the Pilgrims were Separatists.
384434048	nonseparatists	Another name for the Puritans who arrived in New England in 1629 due to oppression and persecution by the English Crown. These Puritans believed they must purified the church through reforms.
384434049	Cambridge Agreement	1629- The Puritan stockholders of the Massachusetts Bay Company agreed to emigrate to New England on the condition that they would have control of the government of the colony.
384434050	"freemen"	adult males belonging to a Puritan congregation
384434051	John Winthrop	As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, Winthrop (1588-1649) was instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present-day Boston, as a "city upon a hill" from which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world.
384434052	"city upon a hill"	Winthrop's name for Massachusetts Bay Colony symbolizing how it will be a Puritan example that others will look up to
384434053	Massachusetts Bay Colony	One of the first settlements in New England; established in 1629 and became a major Puritan colony. Became the state of Massachusetts.
384434054	town meetings	Local meeting in colonial New England where settlers discussed and voted on issues
384434055	General Court	Elected representative assembly in the Massachusetts Bay Colony
384434056	Lawes and Liberties	First alphabetized code of law printed in English created by the General Court. Clearly defined the freedoms and responsibilities of a citizen of the colony.
387803000	Roger Williams	A dissenter who disagreed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636. He established the colony of Rhode Island.
387803001	Anne Hutchinson	Believed that a person could worship God without the help of a church, minister, or Bible and challenged church authority. She was banashed from Massachusetts..
387803002	Thomas Hooker	Founded Connecticut and established a government in which the powers were limited and protected the rights of individuals
387803003	Fundamental Order of Connecticut	Created in 1639, this governmental system was adopted by the Connecticut Puritans that included representative assemblies and a popularly-elected governor; referred to as the first written constitution of America.
387803004	Lord Baltimore	1694- He was the founder of Maryland, a colony which offered religious freedom, and a refuge for the persecuted Roman Catholics.
387803005	William Penn	Penn, an English Quaker, founded Pennsylvania in 1682, after receiving a charter from King Charles II. He operated the colony as a "holy experiment" based on religious tolerance.
387803006	Holy Experiment	William Penn's term for the government of Pennsylvania, which was supposed to serve everyone and provide freedom for all.
387803007	Charter of Liberties	A charter signed by William Penn, which established a representative assembly in Pennsylvania.
387803008	Peter Stuyvesant	Dutch governor of New Netherland who surrendered the colony to the English. Due to his harsh rule and heavy taxes, he was unpopular and did not receive assistance from the colonists.
387803009	James Oglethorpe	Founder and governor of the Georgia colony. He ran a tightly-disciplined, military-like colony. Slaves, alcohol, and Catholicism were forbidden in his colony.
387803010	Half-Way Covenant	Established by the Congregational church in New England, this contract offered partial membership rights to those not yet converted
387803011	New England Primer	Book published in 1690 by Benjamin Harris. This book taught the alphabet and the Lord's Prayer.
387803012	Harvard	The oldest college in America, which was established to educate and train young men to become ministers. (1636)
387803013	Anne Bradstreet	First published American poet, her main subjects were family, home, and religion.
387803014	sumptuary laws	Laws that regulated the value and style of clothing that various social groups could wear, and the amount they could spend on family celebrations
387803015	yeomen	owners of small farms.
387803016	apprenticeship	A work-based learning experience, in which an individual works alongside a skilled worker or craftsperson to learn specialized work skills
387803017	William and Mary College	School founded in 1693 by a Royal Charter issued by William III and Mary II—second-oldest institution of higher education in the United States.
387803018	Sir William Berkeley	Royal governor of Virginia(1641-1652; 1660-1677), adopted policies that favored the large planters and used dictatorial powers to govern on their behalf; antagonized backwoods farmers on Virginia's western frontier because he failed to protect settlements from Indian attacks, the led to Bacon's Rebellion.
387803019	Anthony Johnson	A slave from Virginia who gained his freedom and became a slave holder himself.
387803020	Royal African Company	Chartered in 1660s to establish a monopoly over the slave trade among British merchants; supplied African slaves to colonies in Barbados, Jamaica, and Virginia.
387803021	Gullah	Combination of English and West African languages spoken by African Americans in the South Carolina colony
387803022	Creole	Refers to a language that arises from contact between two other languages and has features of both.
387803023	Stono Uprising	First slave rebellion. In September 1739, approximately twenty slaves met near the Stono River outside Charleston, South Carolina. They stole guns and ammunition, killed storekeepers and planters, and liberated a number of slaves. Wanted to escape to Spanish Florida for freedom. The slave owners caught up with them killing some and capturing others. As a result, may colonies passed more restrictive laws to control slaves.
387803024	Mercantile system	System used to establish a balance of trade...country must export more than they import(profit).....mother country (England) controls all resources within her empire and takes full responsibility for their distribution
387803025	Navigation Acts	Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries.
387803026	Bacon's Rebellion	A revolt against Governor Sir William Berkeley in Virginia by Nathaniel Bacon and a group of fronteir settlers that resulted in the burning of Jamestown in 1676. The rebels felt Berkeley was not providing protection against Native Americans.
387803027	King Philip's War	Violent Native American rebellion In New England in 1675. (lasting one year) Proportionately one of the bloodiest and costliest war in American history
387803028	Dominion of New England	1686-The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Edmund Andros). Ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros
387803029	Edmund Andros	He was the royal governor of the Dominion of New England. Colonists resented his enforcement of the Navigation Acts and the attempt to abolish the colonial assembly.
387803030	Leisler's Rebellion	After seizing control of New York's government after England's Glorious Revolution in 1688. March 1691, a newly appointed British Royal governor ordered Leister to surrender his position, Leister questioned this order. Leister was arrested and accused of being a rebel. A trial was held he was found guilty and executed.
387803031	John Coode	Led the Protestant group that forced the Maryland governor to resign. He petitioned the crown to make Maryland a royal colony and his petition was accepted. (1689)
387803032	Witchcraft Trials in Salem	Witchcraft hysteria in Massachusetts, in 1692 resulted in the trial, conviction, and execution of twenty accused witches. Later proven to be a huge mistake.

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American Pageant Chapter 4: APUSH IDs Flashcards

AP US History identifications for The American Pageant Chapter 4: American Life in the Seventeenth Century

Terms : Hide Images

891491002	Freedom dues	given at the end of an indentured servent's employment, for example food, a suit of clothes, and occasionally land
891491003	New England Conscience	result of Puritan heritage, high idealism, inspired reformers and abolitionists
891491004	Yankee ingenuity	idea of an orderly New England town, with simple small-town democracy, improvisation, and adaptation
891491005	Bacon's Rebellion	mainly angry young freemen, attacked Indians, chased out Berkeley and burned Jamestown, rebellion ended with Bacon's death
891491006	Established churches	Congregational Church and Anglican Church, recognized by the government and supported by taxes
891491007	Gentry	upper-class, lordly planters
891491008	Governor Berkeley	governor of Virginia, crushed Bacon's Rebellion
891491009	Gullah	language and culture of the South Carolina sea islands
891491010	Midwifery	assisting with childbirth, virtual female monopoly, often included networks of women
891491011	Halfway Convenant	weakened the distinction between elect and others, allowed children of church members to be baptised but not given full membership
891491012	Headright System	masters who paid the passage of a laborer received 50 acres in Virginia and Maryland
891491013	Jeremiads	inspired by the prophet Jeremiah, doomsday preachers scolding their parishes for turning away from God
891491014	Leisler's Rebellion	rebellion against lordly landowners, by aspiring merchant class, took place in NYC, was a result of upper class trying to recreate the class system of Europe
891491015	Middle Passage	route and journey of slave ships from Africa to North America
891491016	Nathaniel Bacon	Virginia planter, leader of Bacon's Rebellion, died of disease before the rebellion ended
891491017	Royal African Company	chartered in 1672, held a monopoly on slave trade until 1698
891491018	Royal Charter	used to establish colonies under the control of the crown
891491019	Salem Witch Trials	Puritan girls accused village women of bewitching them, led to a witchhunt hysteria that left twenty people dead
891491020	Stono Rebellion	largest colonial rebellion of slaves against slave owners, took place near the Stono River in South Carolina
891491021	Town Meetings	form of colonial democracy in small towns, took place in a communal meeting house

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American Pageant Chapter 3: APUSH IDs Flashcards

AP US History identifications for The American Pageant Chapter 3: Settling the Northern Colonies

Terms : Hide Images

798887688	Blue Laws	passed by Connecticut Puritans to govern morality
798887689	Bread Colonies	Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey, due to their large exports of grain
798887690	Protestant work ethic	serious commitment to work and worldly pursuits, calling to do God's work on Earth
798887691	Salutary neglect	British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of Parliamentary laws, with the hope that the colonies would flourish if left to themselves
798887692	Elect	souls already chosen to go to heaven, according to the concept of predestination
798887693	Anne Hutchinson	challenged Puritan doctrine of predestination, claimed that if it was true, then the elect had no reason to obey God or the law, was banished from Massachusetts
798887694	Antinomianism	literally "against the law," Hutchinson's claim that laws did not matter to the elect
798887695	Bible Commonwealth	Massachusetts Bay Colony, founded by Puritans, religious leaders were very powerful, but maintained separation of church and state
798887696	Covenant	Puritan colonists in Mass. Bay Colony believed they had an agreement with God to build a holy society in the New World
798887697	Navigation Laws	British policy that attempted to bring the colonies closer to England by stopping American trade with places not ruled by the crown, increased smuggling
798887698	Dominion of New England	administrative union of the New English colonies plus New York and New Jersey
798887699	Freemen	adult males who belonged to the Puritan congregation, were the only ones allowed to vote in Mass. Bay
798887700	Fundamental Orders of Connecticut	constitution that set up a democratic regime, eventually used for Connecticut's charter and state constitution
798887701	Glorious Revolution	put William and Mary on the throne of England, allowed the Dominion of New England to collapse
798887702	Great Puritan Migration	wave of migration to the New World in the decade following the success of the Mass. Bay colony
798887703	James II	Duke of York, unpopular Catholic ruler dethroned in the Glorious Revolution
798887704	John Calvin	founder of Calvinism, author of Institutes of the Christian Religion, believed in predestination and the elect
798887705	John Cotton/John Winthrop	Puritan preachers in the Mass. Bay, believed in the calling to do God's work on Earth
798887706	Massachusetts Bay Colony	mainly families, wanted to settle long-term
798887707	Mayflower Compact	not a constitution, simple agreement to form a crude government and use democratic methods
798887708	Metacom	called King Philip by the English, gathered the tribes around Plymouth into an alliance to fight the Puritans, destroyed many villages before eventually failing
798887709	Middle Colonies	New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania, exported grain, fur, and lumber, had economic and social democracy
798887710	New England Confederation	included two Mass. colonies and two Conn. colonies, allowed to become semi-autonomous
798887711	New Jersey	founded when two proprietors received the territory form the Duke of York, both halves were later acquired by Quakers before being combined into a royal colony
798887712	New York	originally New Netherlands, founded by the Dutch
798887713	Pequot War	confrontations between Plymouth settlers and Pequot tribe became war, ended with a siege that destroyed the tribe
798887714	Peter Stuyvesant	led the Danish forces that ended Swedish rule in the New World
798887715	Predestination	the belief that each soul's salvation is determined by God and cannot be earned during one's lifetime
798887716	Quakers	religious society, primarily in Pennsylvania, saw everyone as equal under God, pacifists
798887717	Rhode Island	founded by Roger Williams, complete religious freedom, attracted outcasts, was liberal from the start

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The American Pageant: Chapter 2 Terms Flashcards

Terms from "American Pageant 13th ed." Chapter 2

Terms : Hide Images

879803342	Santa Fe	1st spanish settlement
879803343	Jamestown	1st English settlement
879803344	Quebec	1st French settlement
879803345	Sir Francis Drake and the Sea Dogs	wanted to spread Protestantism and seize Spanish treasure; circumnavigated the globe
879803346	Sir Walter Raleigh	started the colony of Roanoke
879803347	Roanoake	colony in North Carolina- failure- disappeared
879803348	Virgin Queen	Queen Elizabeth
879803349	Spanish Armada	Tried to fight against the English- destroyed by the sea dogs- Turning point- end of Spanish domination
879803350	Virginia Company	a joint stock company- settled North America- guaranteed settlers same rights as Englishmen
879803351	Charter	legal document giving certain rights to a person or company
879803352	Captain John Smith	leader of Jamestown- helped by Pocahontas
879803353	Powhatan	indian cheif who led a mock execution of Captain John Smith
879803354	Pocahontas	protected John Smith and became an intermediary- provided peace and food
879803355	Starving Time	name for the winter of 1609- severe famine
879803356	Lord De La Ware	person who led the relief party to Jamestown- harsh military regime
879803357	Irish Tactics	war methods used by Lord De La Ware against the Indians- raided and destroyed them
879803358	First Powhatan War	1614- war between Lord De La Ware and the Indians- ended with marriage of Pocahontas and John Rolfe
879803359	Second Powhatan War	1644- Indians tried to dislodge Virginians- Indians fail and are destroyed and banished from homeland
879803360	The Three Ds	Disease, disorganization, disposablity
879803361	John Rolfe	Pocahontas' husband- killed in Indian attacks- father of the tobacco industry
879803362	Broad Acre Plantation System	farming method- increased demand for labor- encouraged by tobacco
879803363	House of Burgesses	first representative government in the colonies- miniature Parliament for the colonies
879803364	Lord Baltimore	founded Maryland colonies for Catholics- wanted freedom of worship
879803365	Act of Toleration	law that guaranteed tolerance for all Christians, but not for Jews or Atheists
879803366	Barbados Slave Code	law that gave masters complete control over their slaves
879803367	Rice	principal crop of Carolina- food for Barbados
879803368	Charles Town	busiest seaport- aristocratic- diverse- religious toleration
879803369	North Carolina Settlers	outcasts from aristocratic Virginia- poor, don't like authority
879803370	Tuscaroras	Indians who fought North Carolina settlers- defeated- turned into slaves
879803371	Yamasee	indians who fought the South Carolina settlers- defeated and dispersed
879803372	Buffer colony	what Georgia was to protect the colonies from Spanish Florida
879803373	James Oglethorpe	leader and one of the founders of Georgia- wanted it to be a place for people who were imprisoned for debt
879803374	Hiawatha	indian who founded the Iroquois Confederation
879803375	Longhouses	homes of the Iroquois- shared by maternal families
879803376	Handsome Lake	Indian who preached to the Iroquois to stop morale decline- started the Longhouse religion

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American Pageant Chapter 1 Terms Flashcards

AP US History identifications for The American Pageant Chapter 1: New World Beginnings.

Terms : Hide Images

888339784	Black Legend	the mistaken belief that the conquistadors brought only misery to the New World, when in fact they also laid the foundations for nations
888339785	Christopher Columbus	Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Ferdinand and Isabella while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)
888339786	Conquistadors	Spanish conquerors in the New World, comprised of soldiers, peasants, artisans, and middle class
888339787	Crusades	series of wars fought to reclaim Christian Holy Lands, created a European interest in Asian goods
888339788	Encomienda	Spanish system that gave Indians to the colonists in return for the promise to try and Christianize them
888339789	Ferdinand and Isabella	married to unite the kingdom of Spain, reconquered Spain from the Muslims, funded Columbus
888339790	Magellan	attempted to circumnavigate the the globe, which his crew did after he died in the Philippines (1522)
888339791	Anasazi	ancient civilization in southwestern US, declined by about 1300
888339792	Cahokia	Mississippian settlement near present-day St. Louis
888339793	Iroquois	northeastern Indian nation, developed an organized government and military
888339794	Sugar Revolution	increase in the European demand for sugar, fueled by its success in the Caribbean
888339795	Taino	native people of Hispaniola, population was decimated by Spanish invasion
888339796	Three sisters agriculture	Native American method of planting corn, beans, and squash together
888339797	Ponce de Leon	Spanish explorer of Florida, which he thought was an island, looked for gold
888339798	Cortes	Spanish conqueror of Mexico, destroyed Tenochtitlan (1521)
888339799	Mission Indians	Indians that were adopted into Christian missions and taught Christianity and crafts
888339800	Coronado	searched for fabled golden cities, explored Arizona, Kansas and New Mexico, discovered Grand Canyon and bison
888339801	Tidewater region	region of flat, low-lying plains along the coast
888339802	Franciscans	members of the Catholic religious order founded by St. Francis
888339803	Pizarro	Spanish explorer who defeated the Incas in Peru in 1532
888339804	Joint stock companies	small investors combined their funds to pay for expeditions to the New World
888339805	Marco Polo	Venetian traveler who explored Asia in the 13th century and served Kublai Khan (1254-1324). He brought accounts back to Europe, creating a European interest in Asia.
888339806	Mestizos	people of mixed European and Native American descent
888339807	Mississippian culture	North American civilization of mound builders with a prosperous society
888339808	Montezuma	king of the Aztecs when Cortez landed in Mexico
888339809	Pope's Rebellion	Pueblo uprising in New Mexico in 1680 that destroyed Catholic churches and took control for almost 50 years
888339810	Queen Elizabeth	queen of England, founded the Anglican Church, supported joint stock companies, pushed for discovery in the New World
888339811	Spanish Armada	huge Spanish fleet that was used to protect holding in the New World, sent to conquer England in 1588, its defeat was the beginning of the end for Spain
888339812	Tenochtitlan	capital city of the Aztecs, conquered by Cortez, Mexico City was built on the same site
888339813	Treaty of Tordesilles	divided the world between Spain and Portugal (1494)
888339814	Balboa	Spanish explorer who discovered the Pacific Ocean (1475-1519)
888339815	Maize	form of North American corn, staple of many Native American cultures

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AP US History 18-21 (American Pageant) Flashcards

American Pageant Book for AP US History

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609911693	Popular Sovereignty	the idea that the people in the territory should have the choice on the issue; the purest form of democracy
609911694	Henry Clay - Presidency	Couldn't run because he made too many enemies, too old
609911695	Lewis Cass	A veteran of the War of 1812, senator and diplomat, the "Father of Popular Sovereignty," Whig candidate in 1848
609911696	Martin van Buren	Free-Soiler candidate, former President. Stole enough votes from the Democrats for a Whig victory 1848
609911697	Zachary Taylor	defeated Santa Anna at Buena Vista, rich southerner with slaves, Whig President 1848
609911698	Harriet Tubman	a runaway slave from MA, she rescued more than 300 slaves
609911699	Underground Railroad	a virtual freedom train consisting of a chain of antislavery homes, runaway slaves, and abolitionists
609911700	Sutter's Mill	the location at which gold was found in 1848
609911701	California - Statehood	California's drafted a constitution in 1849 that excluded slavery and applied to Congress
609911702	Clay - Compromise	presented many compromises to Sentaor Douglas over N/S issue over expansion of slavery
609911703	Webster - Compromise	tried to uphold Clay's compromise measures over expansion of slavery
609911704	Calhoun - Compromise	championed the South
609911705	William Seward	senator from NY, came out against concession - referred to a law higher than the Constitution
609911706	Compromise - Part I	CA enters the Union as a free state - Northern victory
609911707	Compromise - Part II	harsher fugitive slave laws (6 months in jail, $1000 fine) - Southern victory
609911708	Compromise - Part III	UT and NM use popular sovereignty to determine slavery
609911709	Compromise - Part IV	slave trade abolished in DC, but slaves allowed
609911710	Compromise - Part V	TX surrenders rights to NM for $10 million
609911711	Millard Fillmore	Taylor's VP, replacement, signed compromise measures
609911712	Frank Pierce	Democrat cnadidate in 1852
609911713	Winfield Scott	Whig President in 1852, Mexican War hero
609911714	Manifest Destiny	the idea that America is destined to expand
609911715	Treaty of 1848	With Colombia, guaranteed American right of transit across the isthmus for Washington's neutrality
609911716	Cuba	Polk considered offering Spain $100 million for Cuba, but the Spaniards refused.
609911717	Ostend Manifesto	Offered $120 million for Cuba, then US would attempt to seek Cuba. Never presented.
609911718	Gadsden Purchase	$10 million for a sliver of land below the border for a planned Southern Route of the Transcontinental Railroad
609911719	Kansa-Nebraska Scheme	sliced Nebraska into two territories, status to be settled by popular sovereignty - contradicted the Missouri Compromise. From Stephen Douglas
609911720	Republican Party	Sectional party born following the KA ND Act - Goal: Stop the Expansion of Slavery.
609911721	Uncle Tom's Cabin	A novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe showing the horrors of slavery. It was a proponent in beginning the Civil War and ending it.
609911722	Impending Crisis of the South	A book written by abolitionist Hinton Helper arguing that slavery mostly affected whites without slaves in a negative way. It caused unrest in the South- a factor in the later secession.
609911723	Beecher's Bibles	Rifles paid for by abolitionists and sent to Kansas by antislavery whites.
609911724	Bleeding Kansas	A term describing the parairie territory where a small civil war in Kansas broke out in 1856.
609911725	Lecompton Constitution	A document that stated that people could not vote against the Constitution but either vote for it to be with slavery or against slavery. It was a trickery document in that if it was voted that the constitution was against slavery, the slaveholders would still be protected.
609911726	Know Nothings	A party against immigrants led by Millard Fillmore.
609911727	Dred Scott Case	A case in the Supreme Court that ruled that blacks had no civil or human rights and that Congress could not prohibit slavery in territories.
609911728	Panic of 1857	An economic decline which convinced southerners that the North was economically vulnerable. The agricultural South was hardly affected by this depression.
609911729	Lincoln-Douglas Debates	Political discussions between Lincoln and Douglas for a position in the Illinois Senate.
609911730	Constitutional Union Party	A middle-of-the-road party led by elderly politicians who wanted to reach a compromise in 1860, but it only held 3 border states.
609911731	South Carolina	The first state to seceed from the Union.
609911732	Confederate States of America	A new nation formed by 7 states that seceeded from the Union and claimed independence. Its capital was in Birmingham, Alabama.
609911733	Harriet Beecher Stowe	A white abolitionist woman who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin, which is said to have begun the Civil War.
609911734	New england Emigrant Aid Company	Abolitionist group that sent settlers and Beecher's Bibles to oppose slavery in Kansas.
609911735	John Brown	Abolitionist who was admired in the North and hated in the South. He killed five proslavery men
609911736	James Buchanan	Weak Democratic president divided his own party by using proslavery forces.
609911737	Charles Sumner	Verbally attacked the South in a speech and was attacked and injured himself because of it.
609911738	Preston Brooks	His bloody attack on Charles Sumner fueled sectional hatred.
609911739	John C. Fremont	The first Rebublican candidate for president.
609911740	Harpers Ferry	Site where militant abolitionists tried to start a slave rebellion
609911741	Stephen A. Douglas	The leading northern democrat whose presidential hopes failed because of the conflict over slavery.
609911742	John C. Breckinridge	Buchanan's vice president who was nominated for president. He supported the expansion of slavery.
609911743	Montgomery, Alabama	The site where the seven states that seceded from the Union united to declare their indepence.
609911744	Jefferson Davis	A former senator who became the president of the Confederate States of America
609911745	Clara Barton	woman who helped nurse wounded soldiers on the battlefield
609911746	Maximilian	French viceroy appointed by Napoleon III of France to lead the new government set up in Mexico. After the Civil War, the U.S. invaded and he was executed, a demonstration of the enforcement of the Monroe Doctrine to European powers.
609911747	William Seward	extremist politician, was Lincoln's competitor for the Republican ballot
609911748	Morrill Tariff Act	1861 law that increased tariffs duties to 10%
609911749	National Banking Act	Act that established a system of federal banks, allowing for a standard issue of currency
609911750	Trent	British warship that harbored Confederate military, sparking controversy
609911751	cotton	main export of South
609911752	CSS Alabama	British warship used to aid the Confederates by looting and sinking many Union vessels. USS San Jacinto, American warship sunk the Alabama.
609911753	Butternut Region	area where an antislavery war would have been unpopular; Southern Ohio, Indiana, Illinois
609911754	conscription	the forced drafting of soldiers
609911755	habeas corpus	The right not to be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime
609911756	Homestead Act	Passed in 1862, it gave 160 acres of public land to any settler who would farm the land for five years. The settler would only have to pay a registration fee of $25.
609911757	Elizabeth Blackwell	Was the first woman in the US to receive a medical degree. Worked with Dorothea Dix to train nurses for the Union army. Met some resistance from the male dominated United States Sanitary Commission.
609911758	Robert E. Lee	General who led the entire Confederate army, fought many battles. One of his main plans towards the end of the civil war was to wait for a new president to come into office to make peace with. Fought Peninsular Campaign, 2nd battle of Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville (with Jackson), and Gettysburg.
609911759	Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson	The most well-known confederate commander after Robert E Lee. Corps commander in Army of N. Virgina. Confederate pickets accidentally shot him at Battle of Chancellorsville, he survived but lost arm. Died of complications of pheumonia. His death was a severe setback for Confederacy. His death afected military, army, and the general public.
609911760	George McClellan	First commander of the Union army
609911761	Fort Sumter	Site of the opening engagement of the Civil War. On December 20, 1860, South Carolina had seceded from the Union, and had demanded that all federal property in the state be surrendered to state authorities. Major Robert Anderson concentrated his units at Fort Sumter, and, when Lincoln took office on March 4, 1861, Sumter was one of only two forts in the South still under Union control. Learning that Lincoln planned to send supplies to reinforce the fort, on April 11, 1861, Confederate General Beauregard demanded Anderson's surrender, which was refused. On April 12, 1861, the Confederate Army began bombarding the fort, which surrendered on April 14, 1861. Congress declared war on the Confederacy the next day.
609911762	Border States	States bordering the North: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. They were slave states, but did not secede.
609911763	Billy Yank	Nickname for average Northern/Union Soldier
609911764	Johnny Reb	nickname for a typical Confederate soldier
609911765	Abraham Lincoln	16th President. One of the most skillful politicians in Republican party. Lawyer. Tried to gain national exposure by debates with Stephen A. Douglas. The Lincoln-Douglas debates attracted much attention. Lincoln's attacks on slavery made him nationally known. He felt slavery was morally wrong, but was not an abolitionist. He felt there was not an alternative to slavery and blacks were not prepared to live on equal terms as whites. Won presidency in November election. Lead Union to victory in civil war. Did the Gettysburg Address.
609911766	Robert E. Lee	Confederacy's brilliant general, sought after by Lincoln before named a Confederate general
609911767	P. G. T. Beauregard	Confederacy's first general officer, later promoted to full general
609911768	Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson	Confederate commander at Bull Run
609911769	James Longstreet	General Robert E. Lee's primary subordinate
609911770	Nathan Bedford	Leading cavalry leader of the Confederates
609911771	Joseph Johnston	Beauregard received reinforcements from this man at First Bull Run
609911772	Captain Henry Wirz	Confederate commander who was executed for mistreatment of Union prisoners of war
609911773	Clement L. Vallandigham	Notorious leader of the Copperheads from Ohio, who was banished to the Confederacy
609911774	Andrew Johnson	Lincoln's running mate, chose to draw votes from War Democrats and Border States
609911775	John Wilkes Booth	Lincoln's assassin
609911776	Ulysses S. Grant	Union general who replaced McClellan and realized the war would have extreme casualties on both sides
609911777	George B. McClellan	Union general, brilliant in theory, called "Young Napoleon"
609911778	William T. Sherman	General who led a destructive conquest of the Confederacy and seized Atlanta
609911779	George G. Meade	Joseph Hooker's successor who led the successful battle at Gettysburg
609911780	Salmon P. Chase	Overambitious secretary of Treasury who tried to keep Lincoln from winning a second term in office
609911781	Edward Everett Hale	wrote "The Man Without a Country" about Philip Nolan
609911782	Admiral David G. Farragot	Union commander who tried to seize New Orleans and rained cannonballs on the city
609911783	War Democrats	Those Democrats who, after the death of Douglas, decided to support Lincoln
609911784	Peace Democrats	Those Democrats who, after the death of Douglas, turned against Lincoln
609911785	doctrine of ultimate destination/continuous voyage	yea that thing
609911786	Merrimack	Name of wooden-warship-turned-iron-clad when a warship was plated with old railroad rails and threatened the entire Union blockade
609911787	Virginia	Name of the Confederate ironclad after it was plated with iron
609911788	Monitor	Tiny Union ironclad that fought the Merrimack
609911789	Emancipation Proclamation	Speech written by Lincoln that abolished slavery in the Confederacy
609911790	Thirteenth Amendment	Constitutional amendment that ended the institution of slavery
609911791	Copperheads	Northern Democrats willing to settle for peace with a seceded South
609911792	Union party	Party that most ardently supported Lincoln
609911793	Bull Run	Northern name for the first real battle of the Civil War
609911794	Manassas Junction	Southern name for Bull Run
609911795	Antietam	Site of one of the bloodiest battles of the war, led by McClellan for the Union and Lee for the Confederates
609911796	Sherman's "March to the Sea"	Sherman's destructive conquest into Georgia and the Carolina's, burning buildings and looting homes
609911797	Gettysburg	Crucial American victory delivered in combination with the victory at Vicksburg
609911798	Pickett's Charge	Final Confederate stand led by George Pickett that finally broke the Confederate spirit of the war
609911799	Ford's Theater	Place where Lincoln was assassinated
609911800	tempestuous	stormy, raging, furious
609911801	partisan	biased
609911802	Reconnaissance	a survey made for military purposes; any kind of preliminary inspection or examination
609911803	Congressional Comittee on the Conduct of the War	Committee formed to investigate illicit trade with Confederacy, medical treatment of soldiers, military contracts, and cause of losses
609911804	Joseph Hooker	Union general who was defeated at Chancellorsville
609911805	John Pope	Union General who led the Second Battle of Bull Run
609911806	A. E. Burnside	McClellan's successor as general of the Army of the Potomac, and immediately displayed his incompetence in an attack on a well-guarded Confederate position
609911807	Irvin McDowell	Union general at First Battle of Bull Run
609911808	spotsylvania	Grant tried to get between Lee and Richmond
609911809	Anaconda Plan	Union military strategy of strangling the Southern economically by blockading its coasts
609911810	Andersonville	Confederate prison for Union prisoners of war that had inhumane conditions
609911811	Fort Pillow	Fort at which black soldiers who had already surrendered were mercilessly slaughtered by Confederate forces
609911812	Shiloh	Site of Grant's battle as he tried to push his way into Tennessee after his recent victories
609911813	Fort Donelson, Fort Henry	Two forts captured by Ulysses S. Grant that were crucial to the Union effort
609911814	Fredericksburg	Site of a devastating defeat for the Union in a frontal attack on a strong position
609911815	Vicksburg	Location of fortress that was instrumental in providing supplies to the South from the West
609911816	Peninsula Campaign	McClellan's response to Lincoln's call to press forward after staying stagnant for a long period of time in Richmond
609911817	Port Hudson	Last fortress of the Confederacy on the Mississippi River
609911818	Chancellorsville	Site of Lee's victory over Joseph Hooker, although at the loss of Thomas Jackson
609911819	Appomattox Courthouse	Site of Lee's capture and the end of the war
609911820	Shenandoah Valley	Important source of Confederate supplies and key victory for Union
609911821	The Wilderness	Area in Virginia fought over to destroy Lee's forces once and for all
609911822	Cold Harbor	Location of extremely risky assault taken by General Grant to defeat Grant
609911823	York River, James River	Two rivers that formed the peninsula that McClellan tried to conquer
609911824	Battle of First Manassas (First Battle of Bull Run)	What was the first major military engagement of the Civil War?
609911825	George McClellan	Who was the Union commander of the Army of the Potomac whose delays in 1862 caused him to fail in the capture of Richmond?
609911826	Robert E. Lee	Who was the audacious commander of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia whose victories in the Seven Day's Battle and at Second Bull Run secured him legendary status?
609911827	Monitor	What was the name of the Union ironclad which successfully repelled an assault on the blockade by a Confederate ironclad in 1862?
609911828	prevented foreign intervention, prompted the Emancipation Proclamation	What were the two long term consequences of the Battle of Antietam?
609911829	only freed southern slaves (not border states)	What was odd about the slave liberation of the Emancipation Proclamation?
609911830	13th Amendment	What officially ended slavery in the United States?
609911831	Frederick Douglass	African-American troops made up about 10 percent of the Union army, what abolitionist was instrumental in the creation of several of these regiments?
609911832	Ft. Pillow	At what site were African American soldiers massacred after surrendering to Confederate forces?
609911833	Burnside	What general was selected to lead the Army of the Potomac following the battle of Antietam?
609911834	Fredericksburg	What battle was a smashing victory for the Confederacy after the Union army launched a foolish frontal attack on December 13, 1862?
609911835	Chancellorsville	What battle in May 1863 was an enormous Confederate victory but resulted in the death of Stonewall Jackson?
609911836	George Meade	Who was the Union general who was victorious in the battle of Gettysburg?
609911837	Pickett's Charge	What was the name of the last ill-fated assault at Gettysburg on July 3, 1863 that spelled the beginning of the end of the Confederacy?
609911838	Ulysses Grant	What Union commander emerged as a great general after the battles of Ft. Henry, Ft. Donelson, Shiloh, and the siege of Vicksburg?
609911839	David Farragut	Who was the Union naval commander who successfully captured New Orleans in 1862 and Mobile in 1864?
609911840	Vicksburg	What was the battle in July of 1863 that forever cost the Confederacy the control over the Mississippi and states to the west and is considered the crucial turning point in the western theater of the war?
609911841	William Sherman	Who was the Union commander who led an infamous "march to the sea" where he adopted scorched earth tactics and burned the cities of Atlanta and later Columbia?
609911842	Copperheads	What was the term for northern extreme "Peace Democrats" like Clement Vallandigham of Ohio who undermined the Union war effort?
609911843	Stephen Douglas	Who was the leader of the Northern Democrats whose death in 1861 led to the breakdown of the northern Democrats loyalty to the Union?
609911844	The Man Without a Country	What was the fictional novel by Edward Everett Hale describing the significance of the Peace Democrats?
609911845	Union Party	Under what party did President Lincoln win reelection in 1864?
609911846	George McClellan	Who did Lincoln defeat to be reelected in the election of 1864?
609911847	Appomattox Courthouse	At what site did General Lee surrender to the forces under General Grant?
609911848	John Wilkes Booth	Who was responsible for the assassination of Abraham Lincoln?

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AP US History 18-21 (American Pageant) Flashcards

American Pageant Book for AP US History

Terms : Hide Images

609911693	Popular Sovereignty	the idea that the people in the territory should have the choice on the issue; the purest form of democracy
609911694	Henry Clay - Presidency	Couldn't run because he made too many enemies, too old
609911695	Lewis Cass	A veteran of the War of 1812, senator and diplomat, the "Father of Popular Sovereignty," Whig candidate in 1848
609911696	Martin van Buren	Free-Soiler candidate, former President. Stole enough votes from the Democrats for a Whig victory 1848
609911697	Zachary Taylor	defeated Santa Anna at Buena Vista, rich southerner with slaves, Whig President 1848
609911698	Harriet Tubman	a runaway slave from MA, she rescued more than 300 slaves
609911699	Underground Railroad	a virtual freedom train consisting of a chain of antislavery homes, runaway slaves, and abolitionists
609911700	Sutter's Mill	the location at which gold was found in 1848
609911701	California - Statehood	California's drafted a constitution in 1849 that excluded slavery and applied to Congress
609911702	Clay - Compromise	presented many compromises to Sentaor Douglas over N/S issue over expansion of slavery
609911703	Webster - Compromise	tried to uphold Clay's compromise measures over expansion of slavery
609911704	Calhoun - Compromise	championed the South
609911705	William Seward	senator from NY, came out against concession - referred to a law higher than the Constitution
609911706	Compromise - Part I	CA enters the Union as a free state - Northern victory
609911707	Compromise - Part II	harsher fugitive slave laws (6 months in jail, $1000 fine) - Southern victory
609911708	Compromise - Part III	UT and NM use popular sovereignty to determine slavery
609911709	Compromise - Part IV	slave trade abolished in DC, but slaves allowed
609911710	Compromise - Part V	TX surrenders rights to NM for $10 million
609911711	Millard Fillmore	Taylor's VP, replacement, signed compromise measures
609911712	Frank Pierce	Democrat cnadidate in 1852
609911713	Winfield Scott	Whig President in 1852, Mexican War hero
609911714	Manifest Destiny	the idea that America is destined to expand
609911715	Treaty of 1848	With Colombia, guaranteed American right of transit across the isthmus for Washington's neutrality
609911716	Cuba	Polk considered offering Spain $100 million for Cuba, but the Spaniards refused.
609911717	Ostend Manifesto	Offered $120 million for Cuba, then US would attempt to seek Cuba. Never presented.
609911718	Gadsden Purchase	$10 million for a sliver of land below the border for a planned Southern Route of the Transcontinental Railroad
609911719	Kansa-Nebraska Scheme	sliced Nebraska into two territories, status to be settled by popular sovereignty - contradicted the Missouri Compromise. From Stephen Douglas
609911720	Republican Party	Sectional party born following the KA ND Act - Goal: Stop the Expansion of Slavery.
609911721	Uncle Tom's Cabin	A novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe showing the horrors of slavery. It was a proponent in beginning the Civil War and ending it.
609911722	Impending Crisis of the South	A book written by abolitionist Hinton Helper arguing that slavery mostly affected whites without slaves in a negative way. It caused unrest in the South- a factor in the later secession.
609911723	Beecher's Bibles	Rifles paid for by abolitionists and sent to Kansas by antislavery whites.
609911724	Bleeding Kansas	A term describing the parairie territory where a small civil war in Kansas broke out in 1856.
609911725	Lecompton Constitution	A document that stated that people could not vote against the Constitution but either vote for it to be with slavery or against slavery. It was a trickery document in that if it was voted that the constitution was against slavery, the slaveholders would still be protected.
609911726	Know Nothings	A party against immigrants led by Millard Fillmore.
609911727	Dred Scott Case	A case in the Supreme Court that ruled that blacks had no civil or human rights and that Congress could not prohibit slavery in territories.
609911728	Panic of 1857	An economic decline which convinced southerners that the North was economically vulnerable. The agricultural South was hardly affected by this depression.
609911729	Lincoln-Douglas Debates	Political discussions between Lincoln and Douglas for a position in the Illinois Senate.
609911730	Constitutional Union Party	A middle-of-the-road party led by elderly politicians who wanted to reach a compromise in 1860, but it only held 3 border states.
609911731	South Carolina	The first state to seceed from the Union.
609911732	Confederate States of America	A new nation formed by 7 states that seceeded from the Union and claimed independence. Its capital was in Birmingham, Alabama.
609911733	Harriet Beecher Stowe	A white abolitionist woman who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin, which is said to have begun the Civil War.
609911734	New england Emigrant Aid Company	Abolitionist group that sent settlers and Beecher's Bibles to oppose slavery in Kansas.
609911735	John Brown	Abolitionist who was admired in the North and hated in the South. He killed five proslavery men
609911736	James Buchanan	Weak Democratic president divided his own party by using proslavery forces.
609911737	Charles Sumner	Verbally attacked the South in a speech and was attacked and injured himself because of it.
609911738	Preston Brooks	His bloody attack on Charles Sumner fueled sectional hatred.
609911739	John C. Fremont	The first Rebublican candidate for president.
609911740	Harpers Ferry	Site where militant abolitionists tried to start a slave rebellion
609911741	Stephen A. Douglas	The leading northern democrat whose presidential hopes failed because of the conflict over slavery.
609911742	John C. Breckinridge	Buchanan's vice president who was nominated for president. He supported the expansion of slavery.
609911743	Montgomery, Alabama	The site where the seven states that seceded from the Union united to declare their indepence.
609911744	Jefferson Davis	A former senator who became the president of the Confederate States of America
609911745	Clara Barton	woman who helped nurse wounded soldiers on the battlefield
609911746	Maximilian	French viceroy appointed by Napoleon III of France to lead the new government set up in Mexico. After the Civil War, the U.S. invaded and he was executed, a demonstration of the enforcement of the Monroe Doctrine to European powers.
609911747	William Seward	extremist politician, was Lincoln's competitor for the Republican ballot
609911748	Morrill Tariff Act	1861 law that increased tariffs duties to 10%
609911749	National Banking Act	Act that established a system of federal banks, allowing for a standard issue of currency
609911750	Trent	British warship that harbored Confederate military, sparking controversy
609911751	cotton	main export of South
609911752	CSS Alabama	British warship used to aid the Confederates by looting and sinking many Union vessels. USS San Jacinto, American warship sunk the Alabama.
609911753	Butternut Region	area where an antislavery war would have been unpopular; Southern Ohio, Indiana, Illinois
609911754	conscription	the forced drafting of soldiers
609911755	habeas corpus	The right not to be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime
609911756	Homestead Act	Passed in 1862, it gave 160 acres of public land to any settler who would farm the land for five years. The settler would only have to pay a registration fee of $25.
609911757	Elizabeth Blackwell	Was the first woman in the US to receive a medical degree. Worked with Dorothea Dix to train nurses for the Union army. Met some resistance from the male dominated United States Sanitary Commission.
609911758	Robert E. Lee	General who led the entire Confederate army, fought many battles. One of his main plans towards the end of the civil war was to wait for a new president to come into office to make peace with. Fought Peninsular Campaign, 2nd battle of Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville (with Jackson), and Gettysburg.
609911759	Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson	The most well-known confederate commander after Robert E Lee. Corps commander in Army of N. Virgina. Confederate pickets accidentally shot him at Battle of Chancellorsville, he survived but lost arm. Died of complications of pheumonia. His death was a severe setback for Confederacy. His death afected military, army, and the general public.
609911760	George McClellan	First commander of the Union army
609911761	Fort Sumter	Site of the opening engagement of the Civil War. On December 20, 1860, South Carolina had seceded from the Union, and had demanded that all federal property in the state be surrendered to state authorities. Major Robert Anderson concentrated his units at Fort Sumter, and, when Lincoln took office on March 4, 1861, Sumter was one of only two forts in the South still under Union control. Learning that Lincoln planned to send supplies to reinforce the fort, on April 11, 1861, Confederate General Beauregard demanded Anderson's surrender, which was refused. On April 12, 1861, the Confederate Army began bombarding the fort, which surrendered on April 14, 1861. Congress declared war on the Confederacy the next day.
609911762	Border States	States bordering the North: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. They were slave states, but did not secede.
609911763	Billy Yank	Nickname for average Northern/Union Soldier
609911764	Johnny Reb	nickname for a typical Confederate soldier
609911765	Abraham Lincoln	16th President. One of the most skillful politicians in Republican party. Lawyer. Tried to gain national exposure by debates with Stephen A. Douglas. The Lincoln-Douglas debates attracted much attention. Lincoln's attacks on slavery made him nationally known. He felt slavery was morally wrong, but was not an abolitionist. He felt there was not an alternative to slavery and blacks were not prepared to live on equal terms as whites. Won presidency in November election. Lead Union to victory in civil war. Did the Gettysburg Address.
609911766	Robert E. Lee	Confederacy's brilliant general, sought after by Lincoln before named a Confederate general
609911767	P. G. T. Beauregard	Confederacy's first general officer, later promoted to full general
609911768	Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson	Confederate commander at Bull Run
609911769	James Longstreet	General Robert E. Lee's primary subordinate
609911770	Nathan Bedford	Leading cavalry leader of the Confederates
609911771	Joseph Johnston	Beauregard received reinforcements from this man at First Bull Run
609911772	Captain Henry Wirz	Confederate commander who was executed for mistreatment of Union prisoners of war
609911773	Clement L. Vallandigham	Notorious leader of the Copperheads from Ohio, who was banished to the Confederacy
609911774	Andrew Johnson	Lincoln's running mate, chose to draw votes from War Democrats and Border States
609911775	John Wilkes Booth	Lincoln's assassin
609911776	Ulysses S. Grant	Union general who replaced McClellan and realized the war would have extreme casualties on both sides
609911777	George B. McClellan	Union general, brilliant in theory, called "Young Napoleon"
609911778	William T. Sherman	General who led a destructive conquest of the Confederacy and seized Atlanta
609911779	George G. Meade	Joseph Hooker's successor who led the successful battle at Gettysburg
609911780	Salmon P. Chase	Overambitious secretary of Treasury who tried to keep Lincoln from winning a second term in office
609911781	Edward Everett Hale	wrote "The Man Without a Country" about Philip Nolan
609911782	Admiral David G. Farragot	Union commander who tried to seize New Orleans and rained cannonballs on the city
609911783	War Democrats	Those Democrats who, after the death of Douglas, decided to support Lincoln
609911784	Peace Democrats	Those Democrats who, after the death of Douglas, turned against Lincoln
609911785	doctrine of ultimate destination/continuous voyage	yea that thing
609911786	Merrimack	Name of wooden-warship-turned-iron-clad when a warship was plated with old railroad rails and threatened the entire Union blockade
609911787	Virginia	Name of the Confederate ironclad after it was plated with iron
609911788	Monitor	Tiny Union ironclad that fought the Merrimack
609911789	Emancipation Proclamation	Speech written by Lincoln that abolished slavery in the Confederacy
609911790	Thirteenth Amendment	Constitutional amendment that ended the institution of slavery
609911791	Copperheads	Northern Democrats willing to settle for peace with a seceded South
609911792	Union party	Party that most ardently supported Lincoln
609911793	Bull Run	Northern name for the first real battle of the Civil War
609911794	Manassas Junction	Southern name for Bull Run
609911795	Antietam	Site of one of the bloodiest battles of the war, led by McClellan for the Union and Lee for the Confederates
609911796	Sherman's "March to the Sea"	Sherman's destructive conquest into Georgia and the Carolina's, burning buildings and looting homes
609911797	Gettysburg	Crucial American victory delivered in combination with the victory at Vicksburg
609911798	Pickett's Charge	Final Confederate stand led by George Pickett that finally broke the Confederate spirit of the war
609911799	Ford's Theater	Place where Lincoln was assassinated
609911800	tempestuous	stormy, raging, furious
609911801	partisan	biased
609911802	Reconnaissance	a survey made for military purposes; any kind of preliminary inspection or examination
609911803	Congressional Comittee on the Conduct of the War	Committee formed to investigate illicit trade with Confederacy, medical treatment of soldiers, military contracts, and cause of losses
609911804	Joseph Hooker	Union general who was defeated at Chancellorsville
609911805	John Pope	Union General who led the Second Battle of Bull Run
609911806	A. E. Burnside	McClellan's successor as general of the Army of the Potomac, and immediately displayed his incompetence in an attack on a well-guarded Confederate position
609911807	Irvin McDowell	Union general at First Battle of Bull Run
609911808	spotsylvania	Grant tried to get between Lee and Richmond
609911809	Anaconda Plan	Union military strategy of strangling the Southern economically by blockading its coasts
609911810	Andersonville	Confederate prison for Union prisoners of war that had inhumane conditions
609911811	Fort Pillow	Fort at which black soldiers who had already surrendered were mercilessly slaughtered by Confederate forces
609911812	Shiloh	Site of Grant's battle as he tried to push his way into Tennessee after his recent victories
609911813	Fort Donelson, Fort Henry	Two forts captured by Ulysses S. Grant that were crucial to the Union effort
609911814	Fredericksburg	Site of a devastating defeat for the Union in a frontal attack on a strong position
609911815	Vicksburg	Location of fortress that was instrumental in providing supplies to the South from the West
609911816	Peninsula Campaign	McClellan's response to Lincoln's call to press forward after staying stagnant for a long period of time in Richmond
609911817	Port Hudson	Last fortress of the Confederacy on the Mississippi River
609911818	Chancellorsville	Site of Lee's victory over Joseph Hooker, although at the loss of Thomas Jackson
609911819	Appomattox Courthouse	Site of Lee's capture and the end of the war
609911820	Shenandoah Valley	Important source of Confederate supplies and key victory for Union
609911821	The Wilderness	Area in Virginia fought over to destroy Lee's forces once and for all
609911822	Cold Harbor	Location of extremely risky assault taken by General Grant to defeat Grant
609911823	York River, James River	Two rivers that formed the peninsula that McClellan tried to conquer
609911824	Battle of First Manassas (First Battle of Bull Run)	What was the first major military engagement of the Civil War?
609911825	George McClellan	Who was the Union commander of the Army of the Potomac whose delays in 1862 caused him to fail in the capture of Richmond?
609911826	Robert E. Lee	Who was the audacious commander of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia whose victories in the Seven Day's Battle and at Second Bull Run secured him legendary status?
609911827	Monitor	What was the name of the Union ironclad which successfully repelled an assault on the blockade by a Confederate ironclad in 1862?
609911828	prevented foreign intervention, prompted the Emancipation Proclamation	What were the two long term consequences of the Battle of Antietam?
609911829	only freed southern slaves (not border states)	What was odd about the slave liberation of the Emancipation Proclamation?
609911830	13th Amendment	What officially ended slavery in the United States?
609911831	Frederick Douglass	African-American troops made up about 10 percent of the Union army, what abolitionist was instrumental in the creation of several of these regiments?
609911832	Ft. Pillow	At what site were African American soldiers massacred after surrendering to Confederate forces?
609911833	Burnside	What general was selected to lead the Army of the Potomac following the battle of Antietam?
609911834	Fredericksburg	What battle was a smashing victory for the Confederacy after the Union army launched a foolish frontal attack on December 13, 1862?
609911835	Chancellorsville	What battle in May 1863 was an enormous Confederate victory but resulted in the death of Stonewall Jackson?
609911836	George Meade	Who was the Union general who was victorious in the battle of Gettysburg?
609911837	Pickett's Charge	What was the name of the last ill-fated assault at Gettysburg on July 3, 1863 that spelled the beginning of the end of the Confederacy?
609911838	Ulysses Grant	What Union commander emerged as a great general after the battles of Ft. Henry, Ft. Donelson, Shiloh, and the siege of Vicksburg?
609911839	David Farragut	Who was the Union naval commander who successfully captured New Orleans in 1862 and Mobile in 1864?
609911840	Vicksburg	What was the battle in July of 1863 that forever cost the Confederacy the control over the Mississippi and states to the west and is considered the crucial turning point in the western theater of the war?
609911841	William Sherman	Who was the Union commander who led an infamous "march to the sea" where he adopted scorched earth tactics and burned the cities of Atlanta and later Columbia?
609911842	Copperheads	What was the term for northern extreme "Peace Democrats" like Clement Vallandigham of Ohio who undermined the Union war effort?
609911843	Stephen Douglas	Who was the leader of the Northern Democrats whose death in 1861 led to the breakdown of the northern Democrats loyalty to the Union?
609911844	The Man Without a Country	What was the fictional novel by Edward Everett Hale describing the significance of the Peace Democrats?
609911845	Union Party	Under what party did President Lincoln win reelection in 1864?
609911846	George McClellan	Who did Lincoln defeat to be reelected in the election of 1864?
609911847	Appomattox Courthouse	At what site did General Lee surrender to the forces under General Grant?
609911848	John Wilkes Booth	Who was responsible for the assassination of Abraham Lincoln?

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Geometry Equations and Formulas Flashcards

Geometry Equations and Formulas
MTH204B Honors Geometry
K12 Curriculum
Lawrence Virtual High School

Terms : Hide Images

669044609	volume of a rectangular solid	V = lwh
669044610	Pythagorean Theorem	a² + b² = c²
669044611	Distance of a space diagonal	d = √l² + w² + h²
669044612	area of a trapezoid	A = 1/2 (b1 + b2)h
669044613	volume of a prism	V = Bh
669044614	surface area of a prism	S = 2B + L
669044615	Distance formula	√(x2 - x1)² + (y2 - y1)²
669044616	midpoint formula	(x_2+x_1)/2,(y_2+y_1)/2
669044617	distance formula in three dimensions	√(x2 - x1)² + (y2 - y1)² + (z2 -z1)²
669044618	midpoint formula in three dimensions	(x1 + x2/ 2, y1 + y2/ 2, z1 + z2 / 2)
669044619	area of a circle	A = πr²
669044620	area of a triangle	A = 1/2bh
669044621	surface area of a sphere	S = 4πr²
669044622	volume of a sphere	V = 4/3 π r³
669044623	volume of a cube	V = x³
669044624	surface area of a cube	S = 6x²
669044625	surface area of a right rectangular prism	S = hP + 2B S = 2lw + 2lh + 2wh
669044626	surface area of a figure whose attributes have been changed	S(original) * (multiplier)²
669044627	volume of figure whose attributes have been changed	V(original) * (multiplier)³
669044628	perimeter of figure whose attributes have been changed	P(original) * (multiplier)
669044629	Surface area of a prism	S = hP + 2B
669044630	volume of a prism with regular n-sided base	V = Bh when B = 1/2aP
669044631	surface area of a regular pyramid	S = 1/2lP + B
669044632	volume of a pyramid	V = 1/3Bh
669044633	circumference of a circle	C = 2πr C = πd
669044634	surface area of a cylinder	S = 2 π r h + 2 π r²
669044635	volume of a cylinder	V = π r² h
669044636	surface area of a cone	S = π r l + π r²
669044637	volume of a cone	V = 1/3 π r² h
669044638	volume of a sphere	V = 4/3 π r³
669044639	surface area of a sphere	S = 4πr³

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AP US History Chapter 5 Flashcards

apush ch 5 terms

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468552458	Seven Years War	(aka French and Indian War) started by a series of conflicts in England over colonies. The French and the Indians join and collaborate together to fight against British in the Ohio River Valley. The French and Indians had a friendly relationship. The two groups traded with each other (beaver fur was a primary trade staple). The British had an awful start but ended up winning the war when William Pitt became prime minister.
468552459	Iroquois Neutrality	During both Queen Ann's War and King George's War, the Iroquois Confederacy maintained the policy of neutrality that it first developed in 1701. The confedracy manipulated the Europeans by refusing to commit warriors fully to either side despite being given many gifts by both sides.
468552460	Albany Congress/ Plan of Union	A conference in the United States Colonial history form June 19 through July 11, 1754 in Albany New York. It advocated a union of the British colonies for their security and defense against French Held by the British Board of Trade to help cement the loyalty of the Iroquois League. After receiving presents, provisions and promises of Redress of grievances. 150 representatives if tribes withdrew without committing themselves to the British cause.
468552461	Battle at Fort Necessity	The Battle of Fort Necessity, or the Battle of the Great Meadows took place on July 3, 1754 in what is now the mountaintop hamlet of Farmington in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. The engagement was one of the first battles of the French and Indian War and George Washington's only military surrender. The battle, along with the May 28 Battle of Jumonville Glen, contributed to a series of military escalations that resulted in the global Seven Years' War
468552462	William Pitt	A British leader from 1757-1758. He was the prime minister in London, and earned himself the name, "Organizer of Victory". Pittsburgh was named after him. His idea was to gain colonial support by reimbursing the colonies the money that they paid for the war and by allowing local colonists to control recruiting. He was also the prime minister of London at the time of the Townshend Acts.
468552463	Treaty of Paris	In 1763 France ceded its major North American holdings to Britain. Spain, an ally of France toward the end of the war, gave Florida to the victors. France, meanwhile, ceded Louisiana west of the Mississippi to Spain, in partial compensation for its ally's losses elsewhere. The British then gained control of the continent's fur trade. The English seacoast colonies would not have to worry about France threatening their territory.
468552464	Neolin	A shaman also known as the Delaware Prophet, urged the Indians to resist the raids on their lands and European influence on their culture. For the first time since King Phillip in 1675, a native leader called for the unity of all tribes in the face of an Anglo-American threat.
468552465	Pontiac	An Indian Chief of an Ottawa village near Detroit, became the leader of a movement based on Neolin's precepts. He led post war flare-up in the Ohio River Valley and Great Lakes Region in 1763, and his actions led to the Proclamation of 1763; the Proclamation angered the colonists.
468624816	Proclamation of 1763	In October the ministry issued this, which designated the headwaters of rivers flowing into the Atlantic from the Appalachians as the temporary western boundary for the colonial settlement. The people expected the proclamation to prevent clashes by forbidding colonists to move onto Indian land until land cessions had been negotiated. But this infuriated the colonists who had already moved out to the new land and land speculation companies from PA and VA.
468624817	King George III	The new king during the Seven Years' War. George III and his Prime Minister George Greenville both believed that the colonist should help pay the huge debt that occurred by financing the war. They said that the colonist were the beneficiaries of the war however the colonist believed the debt was paid in full by providing all of the soldiers for war. Parliament imposed many new taxes on the colonists: Sugar Act, Currency Act, Stamp Act, Navigation Act, and the Declaratory Act.
468624818	George Grenville	Prime Minister of Great Britain that passed the Stamp Act. He believed that the colonies should be required to pay for a war that was largely to protect them
468624819	Parliamentary Rule/ Virtual Representation	Idea that parliament, by definition, represents all of Great Britain's subjects. Which really means that the colonists don't have the right to vote but England is telling them that they promise to keep them in mind.
468624820	Real Whig's	A group of British writers who opposed centralized government. Many Americans identified themselves with these theorists and believed that a good government was one left to the people. They stressed the dangers inherent in a powerful government, particularly one headed by a monarch.
468624821	Cato's Letters	A series written by Real Whigs members John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon in 1720-1723 about how political power was to be feared. The people had to exercise perpetual vigilance to prevent rulers' attempts to corrupt and oppress them.
468624822	Sugar and Currency Acts	A British attempt to stop the colonies from smuggling in 1764. Revised existing customs regulations and laid new duties on some foreign imports into the colonies. Discouraged American rum distillers from smuggling French West Indian Molasses. This increased demand for sugar from the British islands. Was designed to raise revenue, but imposed on the American colonies in the midst of a depression. The merchants were hurt the most because when the prices go up, the market goes down.
468692698	Stamp Act	1765 passed by PM Grenville that required tax stamps which needed to be purchased with sterling on almost all printed materials. affected colonial elite and merchants the most. prompted violent demonstrations, the Stamp Act Congress, and the formation of The Sons of Liberty. Protests involved both laborers and wealthy merchants. repealed in 1766
468692699	Rights of British Colonies Asserted and Proved	The most important colonial pamphlet protesting the Sugar Act and proposed the Stamp Act written by James Otis Jr. a lawyer from MA. Otis exposed the dilemma that confounded the colonists for the next decade. "How could they justify their opposition to certain acts of Parliament without questioning the Parliament's authority over them?" Otis said that Americans should not be taxed without their consent, but they must obey parliament, even though they were not really represented.
468692700	Patrick Henry	Young Lawyer serving first term in House of Burgesses was angry at his peers for their unwillingness to oppose the Stamp Act. Wrote Virginia Stamp Act Resolves (proposed seven resolutions, four of which were accepted - asserted that colonists never fortified rights of British Subjects). Son of a prosperous Scottish immigrant living in West Virginia. He was married at 18 with little education. He failed at farming and storekeeping, so returned to law. He was accused of treason for one of his speeches.
468692701	Loyal Nine	A Boston social club to printers, distillers, and artisans who organized against the Stamp Act. By this they wanted to show how people of all ranks were opposed to the Act.
468692702	Sons of Liberty	An inter-colonial association first started by New Yorkers whose influence spread into other areas. It was composed of merchants, tradesmen. By 1766 they linked leaders from Charlestown, South Carolina to Portsmouth, New Hampshire. They could influence events but not change them at the time.
468692703	Townshend Acts	The 1767 taxes on goods like paper, glass, and tea. It applied to items imported to the colonies from Britain (violating mercantilism theory) and the revenues were used to pay royal officials in the colonies who had previously been paid by the colonists.
468692704	Edenton Ladies Tea Party/ Daughters of Liberty	Groups of Women who worked together to oppose parliament and support the revolution. Actions included the homespun clothing movement and not drinking tea after the Tea Act.
468692705	Boycotts	To join with others in refusing to deal with a person, organization, or country usually to express disapproval or to force acceptance of terms. Many of these occurred because of the Stamp Act. It helped to revive a depressed economy by creating demand for local products and reducing merchants' inventories.
468692706	Boston Massacre	On March 5, 1770, laborers threw snowballs at British soldiers. Soldiers fired into crowd killing 5 colonists. Patriots used this to support their statement that the British were cruel and unfeeling. Gave the soldiers a fair trial tho so that they would not become martyrs for the Loyalist cause and to keep the British from retaliating in Boston
468692707	Samuel Adams	A Boston tax collector, member of MA assembly, ally of Loyal Nine, and Member of Sons of Liberty. He emphasized the need for united collective action. He was the founder of original Committee of Correspondence which educated the residents of MA about political decisions and occurrences so that they would be better informed. He chaired the meeting in Old South Church that attempted to convince the governor Thomas Hutchinson to send the taxed tea back to Great Britain in 1773 (before The Tea Party)
468692708	Committee of Correspondence	Founded by Samuel Adams, this undertook the task of creating an informed consensus among the residents of Massachusetts. Such committees, which were eventually established throughout the colonies, represented the next logical step in the organization of American resistance. The Boston town meeting directed this Committee to state the rights of the colonits, to list the violations that have been made, and to send copies to other towns in the province.
468692709	Tea Act	In May 1773 legal tea sold to America would be sold by the East India Company to avoid middlemen. This means cheaper Tea for Americans, but the Colonists would still be taxed by Townshend Acts and seemed to be starting an East India monopoly over colonial trade.
468692710	Coercive and Quebec Acts	In 1774 (aka Intolerable acts) closed port of Boston, substitued an appointed council for an elected one in MA, forbid town meetings, and people who committed murder to suppress riots could be tried outside the state. After passing the last of the Coercive Acts, Parliament turned its attention to the much needed reforms in the government of Quebec. The Quebec Act became linked with the Coercive Acts in the minds of the patriots.

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