APUSH final Flashcards
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APUSH final Flashcards
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AP WORLD HISTORY Flashcards
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Cuprill AP US History - Presidents Flashcards
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| 733262816 | George Washington | Party ( - )Term in Office ( 1789 - 1797 ) A. Neutrality Proclamation B. Farewell Address C. Jay's Treaty D. Whiskey Rebellion E. First Cabinet F. Hamilton's Economic Plan | |
| 733262817 | John Adams | Party ( F ) Term in Office ( 1797 - 1801 ) A. XYZ Affair B. Quasi War C. Alien & Sedition Acts D. Midnight Judges | |
| 733262818 | Thomas Jefferson | Party ( DR ) Term in Office ( 1801 - 1809 ) A. Revolution of 1800 B. LA Purchase C. Tripolitan War D. Embargo Act | |
| 733262819 | James Madison | Party ( DR ) Term in Office ( 1809 - 1817 ) A. War of 1812 B. Macon's Bill No. 2 / Non-intercourse Act C. Hartford Convention | |
| 733262820 | James Monroe | Party ( DR ) Term in Office ( 1817 - 1825 ) A. Era of Good Feelings B. Monroe Doctrine C. MO Compromise D. Treaty of 1818 E. Panic of 1819 F. Rush-Bagot Agreement G. Adams-Onis Treaty (Florida Purchase) | |
| 733262821 | John Quincy Adams | Party ( DR ) Term in Office ( 1825 - 1829 ) A. Corrupt Bargain B. Tariff of Abominations | |
| 733262822 | Andrew Jackson | Party ( D ) Term in Office ( 1829 - 1837 ) A. Jacksonian Democracy B. spoils system C. kitchen cabinet D. Trail of Tears E. Nullification Crisis F. Bank War | |
| 733262823 | Martin Van Buren | Party ( D ) Term in Office ( 1837 - 1841 ) A. Panic of 1837 B. Aroostook War C. Texas Independence | |
| 733262824 | William Henry Harrison | Party ( W ) Term in Office ( 1841 - 1841 ) A. shortest term / campaign slogans | |
| 733262825 | John Tyler | Party ( W? ) Term in Office ( 1841 - 1845 ) A. veto 3rd BUS / mass cabinet resignation B. Texas annexation C. Webster - Ashburton Treaty | |
| 733262826 | James K. Polk | Party ( D ) Term in Office ( 1845 - 1849 ) A. Mexican War B. Oregon Treaty C. Independent Treasury D. Walker Tariff | |
| 733262827 | Zachary Taylor | Party ( W) Term in Office (1849 - 1850) A. Death Compromise of 1850 B. Clayton-Bulwer Treaty | |
| 733262828 | Millard Fillmore | Party ( W ) Term in Office (1850 - 1853) A. Perry to Japan B. Compromise of 1850 • Texas • Fugitive Slave Law • Popular Sovereignty in the Mexican Session • No slave trade in DC • California free state | |
| 733262829 | Franklin Pierce | Party (D) Term in Office ( 1853-1857) A. Ostend Manifesto B. Gadsden Purchase C. William Walker in Nicaragua D. Kansas-Nebraska Act | |
| 733262830 | James Buchanan | Party ( D ) Term in Office (1857-1861) A. Panic of 1857 B. Bleeding Kansas C. Dred Scott Decision D. Secession | |
| 733262831 | Abraham Lincoln | Party ( R ) Term in Office (1861-1865) A. Civil War a. Emancipation Proclamation b. Gettysburg Address B. Morrill Tariff C. National Banking System D. Homestead Act E. Morrill Land Grant Act F. Pacific R.R. Act | |
| 733262832 | Andrew Johnson | Party ( U ) Term in Office (1865-1869) A. Tenure of Office Act/ Impeachment B. Reconstruction 13th and 14th Amendments C. Seward's Folly | |
| 733262833 | Ulysses Grant | Party ( R ) Term in Office (1869-1877) A. Fisk/Gould (Erie Ring) B. Credit Mobilier C. Whiskey Ring D. Belknap Scandal E. Crime of '73 F. Panic of 1873 | |
| 733262834 | Rutherford B. Hayes | Party ( R ) Term in Office (1877-1881) A. Compromise of 1877 B. Bland-Allison Act C. Railroad Strike of 1877 | |
| 733262835 | James A. Garfield | Party ( R ) Term in Office (1881) A. Assassination leads to civil service reform | |
| 733262836 | Chester A. Arthur | Party ( R ) Term in Office (1881-1885) A. Pendleton Civil Service Act B. Chinese Exclusion Act | |
| 733262837 | Grover Cleveland | Party ( D ) Term in Office (1885-1889) A. Interstate Commerce Act B. Dawes Severalty Act C. Veto pensions/ lower tariff proposal D. Hatch Act | |
| 733262838 | Benjamin Harrison | Party ( R ) Term in Office (1889-1893) A. Billion Dollar Congress/ Pensions Act B. Sherman Anti-Trust Act C. Sherman Silver Purchase Act D. McKinley Tariff | |
| 733262839 | Grover Cleveland | Party ( D ) Term in Office (1893-1897) A. Panic of 1893 B. Repeal of Sherman Silver Purchase Act C. Wilson-Gorman Tariff D. Pullman Strike E. Venezuela Dispute | |
| 733262840 | William McKinley | Party ( R ) Term in Office (1897-1901) A. Spanish American War B. Annexation of Hawaii C. Open Door Policy D. Dingley Tariff E. Gold Standard Act | |
| 733262841 | Theodore Roosevelt | Party (R ) Term in Office (1901-1909) Domestic "Square Deal" A. Elkins & Hepburn Acts B. Anthracite Coal Strike C. Pure Food and Drug Act D. Northern Securities Case E. Conservationism Foreign "Big Stick Diplomacy" A. Panama Canal B. Roosevelt Corollary C. Treaty of Portsmouth D. Gentlemen's Agreement | |
| 733262842 | William Howard Taft | Party ( R ) Term in Office (1909-1913) A. Payne-Aldrich Tariff B. Dollar Diplomacy C. Ballinger- Pinchot Affair | |
| 733262843 | Woodrow Wilson | Party ( D ) Term in Office (1913-1921) Domestic "New Freedom" A. Underwood Tariff B. Clayton Anti-Trust Act C. Federal Reserve Act D. Federal Trade Commission E. Red Scare Foreign F. Mexican Revolution G. WWI a. 14 Points b. Treaty of Versailles | |
| 733262844 | Warren G. Harding | Party ( R ) Term in Office (1921-1923) A. Tea Pot Dome Scandal B. Washington Naval Conference C. Emergency Quota Act D. Fordney-McCumber Tariff | |
| 733262845 | Calvin Coolidge | Party ( R ) Term in Office (1923-1929) A. Immigration Act of 1924 B. Andrew Mellon tax cuts C. Kellogg-Briand Pact D. Dawes Plan | |
| 733262846 | Herbert Hoover | Party ( R ) Term in Office (1929-1933) A. Hawley-Smoot Tariff B. Black Tuesday/Great Depression C. Reconstruction Finance Corporation D. Bonus March | |
| 733262847 | Franklin Roosevelt | Party ( D ) Term in Office (1933-1945) Domestic "New Deal" A. Relief a. CCC b. AAA B. Recovery a. NRA b. PWA C. Reform a. SEC b. TVA c. FDIC D. Court Packing Scheme Foreign E. Lend-Lease Act F. Good-Neighbor Policy G. WWII | |
| 733262848 | Harry Truman | Party ( D ) Term in Office (1945-1953) A. Fair Deal B. Taft Hartley Act C. 2nd Red Scare/Loyalty Review Board D. Truman Doctrine E. Marshall Plan F. Korean War G. Berlin Airlift | |
| 733262849 | Dwight D. Eisenhower | Party ( R ) Term in Office (1953-1961) A. Brown vs. Board of Education B. Interstate Highway System C. Domino Theory D. U2 Spy Plane Incident E. Suez Crisis F. Sputnik/NASA G. McCarthyism | |
| 733262850 | John Kennedy | Party ( D ) Term in Office (1961-1963) A. Bay of Pigs Incident B. Cuban Missile Crisis C. Peace Corps D. New Frontier E. Berlin Wall | |
| 733262851 | Lyndon Johnson | Party ( D ) Term in Office (1963-1969) "Great Society A. War on Poverty B. Medicare & Medicaid C. Civil Rights Act of 1964 D. Voting Rights Act of 1965 Foreign E. Tonkin Gulf Resolution F. Operation Rolling Thunder | |
| 733262852 | Richard Nixon | Party ( R ) Term in Office (1969-1974) A. Vietnamization B. Invasion of Cambodia C. Kent State D. New China Policy E. SALT I Treaty F. EPA G. Watergate | |
| 733262853 | Gerald Ford | Party ( R ) Term in Office (1974-1977) A. Nixon Pardon B. Helsinki Accords C. Whip Inflation Now! (WIN) | |
| 733262854 | Jimmy Carter | Party ( D ) Term in Office (1977-1981) A. Human Rights Foreign Policy B. Panama Canal Treaty C. Camp David Accords D. Afghanistan War E. Iranian Hostage Crisis | |
| 733262855 | Ronald Reagan | Party ( R ) Term in Office (1981-1989) A. Reaganomics B. Social Security Reform C. International Terrorism D. Iran-Contra Scandal E. End of détente F. Star Wars | |
| 733262856 | George H.W. Bush | Party (R) Term in Office (1989-1993) A. "Read My Lips" B. S& L Scandal C. Invasion of Panama D. End of the Cold War E. Persian Gulf War | |
| 733262857 | Bill Clinton | Party (D) Term in Office (1993-2001) A. NAFTA B. Somalia C. Yugoslavia D. Balanced Budget E. Monica Lewinsky Scandal F. Impeachment | |
| 733262858 | George W. Bush | Party (R) Term in Office (2001-2009) A. 9/11 B. Bush tax cuts C. War on Terror D. Operation Iraqi Freedom E. No Child Left Behind F. Great Recession G. Medicare Prescription Drug Coverage H. Hurricane Katrina |
AP Psychology Flashcards
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| 768463134 | Accommodation | A process described by Piaget of creating a new schema because an experience does not fit into an existing schema | |
| 768463135 | Actor-percievor bias | An attribution error we make when we believe that others' believe is due to the environment and our behavior is due to our own efforts | |
| 768463136 | Action potential | The all or non firing of a message from one neuron to another | |
| 768463137 | Adaptation | According to Piaget, the goal of development is to adapt to one's surrounding's | |
| 768463138 | Alfred Adler | A colleagues of Freud, he argued that the unconscious controls solution | |
| 768463139 | Algorithm | A problem solving strategy that is guaranteed to lead to the correct solution | |
| 768463140 | Anxiety Disorder | Excessive anxiety that causes disruptions in dealing with everyday life. These include generalized anxiety disorder, phobic disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder. Often treated with medication such as Xanax or Paxil | |
| 768463141 | Assimilation | A process described by Piaget of fitting a new experience into an existing schema. | |
| 768463142 | Attachment | An emotional bond between parent and child that forms early in life and sets the pattern for future emotional bond. | |
| 768463143 | Attribution Theory | A theory that states we often infer the reasons that someone might engage in a behavior by observing them | |
| 768463144 | Axon | The part of the neuron that carries information from one part of the cell to another cell | |
| 768463145 | Behaviorism | A school of thought that suggests that the environment controls all aspects of human behavior | |
| 768463146 | Biological approach | Suggests that we can understand behavior by examining the brain and all the central nervous system | |
| 768463147 | Albert Bandura | Well known for his work on social learning theory | |
| 768463148 | Applied Behavior Analysis | A form of therapy or research which focuses on understanding the context in which behavior occurs and attempting to control the context to alter the behavior | |
| 768463149 | Bystander effect | The idea that if we witness something happen, we often believe someone else will help, and this, we do not | |
| 768463150 | Cataplexy | Falling into REM sleep while conscious A person suffering from cataplexy will lose muscle control and fall down. | |
| 768463151 | Cerebellum | A part of the hindbrain responsible for control of motor coordination and some autonomic responses, such as breathing and heart rate | |
| 768463152 | Classical Conditioning | Sugests that some behavior is controlled by learning associations between neutral stimuli and reflex causing stimuli, Developed by Ivan Pavlov in his work on the digestive system of dogs | |
| 768463153 | Noam Chomsky | A linguist who revolutionized our theories on how we acquire and utilize language | |
| 768463154 | Chromosome | The genetic code that gives rise to our biological characteristics | |
| 768463155 | Cochlea | The structure in the inner ear which transducer sounds from physical waves to neural impulses (via the basilar membrane) | |
| 768463156 | Cognitive Confirmation Bias | The idea that we look for information that confirms our beliefs about a person, group, or situation | |
| 768463157 | Cognitive Psychology | Branch of psychology concerned with the study of how people think, remember, and pay attention | |
| 768463158 | Conformity | The tendency to do things because others are doing it (as shown in the studies by Asch) | |
| 768463159 | Concrete Operational Stage | The third stage in Piaget's theory in which a child can use some logical thought, but hasn't get advances to using abstract cognitive thought | |
| 768463160 | Conditioned Response | A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus | |
| 768463161 | Conditioned Stimulus | A previously neutral stimulus which now gives rises to a reflexive response | |
| 768463162 | Confounding variable | A term used in research methods to describe a situation in which there is an unexpected variable causing a change in a dependent variable in such a way that it is not possible to determine what caused the outcome | |
| 768463163 | Conscious | According to Freud, the part of our consciousness that we are currently aware of | |
| 768463164 | Consciousness | The active processing of information in our brain | |
| 768463165 | Cornea | /the outer later of the eye in the front. The cornea bends light so that it focuses on the retina | |
| 768463166 | Correlation | A statistic that provides information on both the strength of a relationship and the way the two variables are related (either directly or inversely) | |
| 768463167 | Cortex | The outer shell of the brain, divided into four regions (occipital lobe: responsible for vision; parietal lobe: responsible for recieving sensory information; temporal lobe: responsible for language and hearing; frontal lobe: responsible for higher level cognitive functions, such as thought and emotion) | |
| 768463168 | Defense mechanisms (or ego defense mechanisms) | developed by Anna and Sigmund Freud, defense mechanisms are designed to protect the ego from harm. These include: repression (pushing information deep into our unconscious); projection (seeing the anxiety causing behavior in others); reaction formation (engaging in antagonistic behavior to a desire); sublimation (replacing as anxiety-inducing desire with something that is acceptable); and displacement (directing anxiety responses towards something other than the issue causing the anxiety) | |
| 768463169 | Dendrite | a part of a neuron that receives information from other cells | |
| 768463170 | Dependent variable | an outcome measure in an experiment | |
| 768463171 | Rene Descartes | ancient philosopher who was most well known for his work on the mechanical nature of human behavior (mind-body dualism) | |
| 768463172 | Development | the relatively predictable set of changes people go through as they grow, including changes in social, cognitive, and physical skills | |
| 768463173 | Dissociative disorder | a break in the connection between reality and perception of reality. these include psychogenic fugue, amnesia, and dissociative identity disorder (sometimes called multiple personality disorder) | |
| 768463174 | Divided attention | the ability to divide our mental effort among a variety of tasks at one time | |
| 768463175 | Ego | according to Freud, the ego is the part of personality that tries to satisfy the demands of the id within the context of the superego | |
| 768463176 | Encoding | the process of taking information into the information processing system | |
| 768463177 | Episodic memory | memory for events that are autobiographical | |
| 768463178 | Equilibration | the process of periodically restructuring schemas to provide a better fit of experience to knowledge | |
| 768463179 | Experiment | a method of research in which a variable or variables are manipulated to determine the impact it has on an outcome measure | |
| 768463180 | Extrinsic motivation | motivation that is derived from an outside obtainable goal (like positive reinforcement from an outside source) | |
| 768463181 | Forebrain | the convoluted part of the brain that is said to contain the parts of the brain that make us different from other species | |
| 768463182 | Forensic psychology | the study of how psychology and the law interact. Forensic psychologists are concerned with using what we know about psychology to solve crimes, hire better police, and learn how to better adjudicate justice | |
| 768463183 | Formal operations | the highest level of cognitive development, according to Piaget, in which a child can do complex logical thought | |
| 768463184 | Sigmund Freud | considered the "father" of psychoanalysis. Believed that the unconscious controlled our behavior | |
| 768463185 | Functionalism | a school of thought founded by James that suggests that the goal of psychology is to understand the function and purpose of consciousness | |
| 768463186 | Fundamental attribution error | the belief that we make attributions about the causes of behavior as being caused by internal rather than external factors | |
| 768463187 | Genetics | the study of how our biology codes for our physical characteristics | |
| 768463188 | Gestalt | a principle of perception which states that we use a variety of cues to help us organize the world around us (pragnaz, closure are two examples). Also, an early form of psychology which stated that our experience is more than the physical stimulation that we receive | |
| 768463189 | Health psychology | the branch of psychology concerned with applying the results of psychological research to promoting healthy lifestyles and understanding issues such as stress | |
| 768463190 | Heuristic | a shortcut we use when we are solving problems | |
| 768463191 | Hindbrain | the area of the brain that controls mostly autonomic functions, such as breathing and heart rate | |
| 768463192 | Humanism | suggests that human behavior is purposeful and goal driven, and that we have free will to determine our own paths. Also sometimes called phenomenological psychology | |
| 768463193 | Hypothalamus | the part of the brain responsible for motivation | |
| 768463194 | Id | according to Freud, the part of our personality that demands immediate satisfaction of its needs | |
| 768463195 | Impression formation | in social psychology, we often form impressions of people based on a variety of shortcuts. We use these impressions to determine appropriate actions towards those people in the future | |
| 768463196 | Independent variable | a variable that is manipulated by an experimenter to determine that effect it has on an outcome (or dependent) variable | |
| 768463197 | Industrial/organizational psychology | the branch of psychology concerned with applying the findings of psychology to improve the workplace environment | |
| 768463198 | Inferential statistics | a set of techniques that allow us to draw inferences about how our sample corresponds to the population at large (t and F are common inferential statistics) | |
| 768463199 | Insomnia | Inability to sleep or stay asleep for long periods of time | |
| 768463200 | institutional Review Board | The organization charged with evaluating research to determine if it meets the ethical standards of the institution | |
| 768463201 | Intrinsic Motivation | Motivation that comes from within a person | |
| 768463202 | Iris | The colored part of the eyes | |
| 768463203 | William James | Considered the founder of American Psychology. Led a school of thought called functionalism | |
| 768463204 | Carl Jung | A colleague of Freud who believed that we have both an unconscious and a collective unconscious. These areas of controlled much of our behavior | |
| 768463205 | Language | A complex communication system that involves the use of a limited set of abstract symbols to convey an unlimited number of messages | |
| 768463206 | Lateral Hypothalamus | The part of the hypothalamus which controls the motivation for eating | |
| 768463207 | Learning | A relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience | |
| 768463208 | Lens | A malleable structure inside the eye which changes shape to hep us focus on the retina | |
| 768463209 | Levels of Processing | A theory proposed by Craik and Tulving which suggests that memory is a byproduct of perception and the more effort involved in perceiving stimuli, the better memory will be | |
| 768463210 | Limbic System | a part of the brain that is responsible for emotional response to stimuli | |
| 768531367 | Linguistic Universals | A set of theoretical constructs concerning properties that al languages share | |
| 768531368 | Long Term memory | our memory for information that is no longer active, but it is accessible | |
| 768531369 | Mean | A measure of central tendency that is the average of all the scores in a sample | |
| 768531370 | Median | A measure of central tendency that is the middlemost score in a sample | |
| 768531371 | Midbrain | The part of the brain that serves as a pathway of sensory cells as they are passed from one region of the brain to the other | |
| 768531372 | Stanley Milgram | Famous for his experiment on obedience, in which he ordered people to continue giving "shocks" even when they appeared uncomfortable to the person receiving them | |
| 768531373 | Mode | A measure of central tendency that is the most commonly occurring score in a sample. | |
| 768531374 | Mood Disorders | An inability to control or stabilize mood. These include clinical depression and bipolar disorder. Often treated with medications such as Prozac, Wellbutrin, or Zoloft | |
| 768531375 | Morpheme | The smallest unit of meaning in language | |
| 768531376 | Motivation | The drive to begin or maintain behavior | |
| 768531377 | Myelin | A coating around an axon to speed up action potentials. | |
| 768531378 | Narcolepsy | The sudden, unavoidable urge to fall asleep | |
| 768531379 | Natural Observation | Observation in which the participants are monitored in the natural environment in which the behavior typically occurs | |
| 768531380 | Neo-Freudians | Any psychoanalytic theorist who modified Freud's theory, but still believed that the cause of anxiety was unconscious. | |
| 768531381 | Neuron | A cell in the brain and central nervous system that is responsible for communication between different parts of the body | |
| 768531382 | Neurotransmitter | A chemical message between neurons (GABA, Acetycholine, serotonin) | |
| 768531383 | Night Terrors | Visions that some people have just after falling asleep. These are not dreams. The person will wake up screaming and terrified. More common in boys under age 12 | |
| 768531384 | Obedience | Doing what one is told to do, oftentimes because responsibility is felt to lie in person who is the authority. The work of Stanley Milgram helped us understand this a great deal | |
| 768531385 | Oedipus Complex | According to Freud, children will at one point during their pyschosocial development suffer from unknown anxiety as they feel attraction to the opposite sex parent and jealousy of the parent of the same sex. | |
| 768531386 | operant conditioning | A theory which suggests that behavior is controlled by the consequences of that behavior. If the behavior increases, it is being reinforced. If it decreases it is being punished B.F. Skinner | |
| 768531387 | Operationalism | A theory of research which suggests that some behavior may be able to be measured directly. So we need to state the way we intend to measure that behavior clearly and consciously | |
| 768531388 | Ossicles | The three small bones in the middle ear which translate sound into the inner ear (malleuas, incus, stapes) | |
| 768531389 | Ivan Pavlov | Developed the theory of classical conditioning | |
| 768531390 | Perception | The interpretation of sensory information via experience | |
| 768531391 | Personality | A pattern of behavior that remains somewhat consistent across time | |
| 768531392 | Personality Disorders | A pervasive pattern of behavior involving difficulty in interacting with others...These include borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder | |
| 768531393 | Phoneme | The smallest unit of sound in a language | |
| 768531394 | Jean Piaget | A developmental psychologist famous for his stage theory of cognitive development. | |
| 768643345 | Pinna | The part of the outer ear that we see | |
| 768643346 | Preconscious | According to Freud, the part of our consciousness that we are not currently thinking about, but could if we wanted to. | |
| 768643347 | Premack Principle | The idea that we can use a highly desirable activity to reinforce the completion of a low desirable task | |
| 768643348 | Preoperational Stage | The second stage of Paiget's theory in which the child develops simple cognitive skills | |
| 768643349 | Probability | The basis of all statistics. Probablity is a theory that suggests the potential chance of any outcome occurring in a given situation | |
| 768643350 | Prosocial behavior (altruism) | we engage in behavior that leads to a good outcome | |
| 768643351 | Punishment | A consequence designed to stop a behavior | |
| 768643352 | Psychoanalysis | Freud's approach to therapy, often called talk therapy. Freud used a variety of techniques to treat his clients including dream analysis, hypnosis, and free association. | |
| 768643353 | Psychoanalytic Approach | Suggests that our behavior is controlled by force outside of our conscious awareness. This approach was founded by Freud | |
| 768643354 | pyschology | The science that studies the behavior and mental processes of organisms | |
| 768643355 | Pyschological Disorders | Any pattern of behavior that is going to cause a person to suffer from lack of ability or engage fully in society | |
| 768643356 | Pyschosocial stages of development | According to Freud, we all go through stages of pyschosocial development where the source of pleasure varies. If we don't successfully navigate each stage, we may become fixated at that stage, and will suffer from that later in life | |
| 768643357 | Pupil | The part of the eye that opens and closes to allow the correct amount of light in the eye | |
| 768643358 | REM sleep | Stage of sleep during which our brain waves are similar to when we are awake. During this stage, we tend to be dreaming. This happens 4-6 times each night. | |
| 768643359 | Reinforcement | Any consequence that leads to an increase in the probability of a behavior occurring again | |
| 768643360 | Retina | The part if the eye at the back which contains photoreceptors (rods and cones) | |
| 768643361 | Retrieval | The process of getting information out of long term memory for additional processing | |
| 768643362 | Scaffolding | A process of learning new responses by utilizing support to develop higher levels | |
| 768643363 | Schedule of Reinforcement | Intermittent reinforcement. Not giving reinforcement for every instance of a behavior (fixed interval: after a fixed amount of time has passed; fixed ratio: after a fixed number of behaviors has occurred; variable interval: after time has passed, but the amount of time between reinforces varies; variable ration: after behavior has occurred, but the number of behaviors required for reinforcement varies) | |
| 768643364 | Schema | Any unit of knowledge | |
| 768643365 | Schizophrenia | A class of disorders that include a break with reality, often marked by auditory hallucinations and poor communication skills. These include paranoid schizophrenia, disorganized schizophrenia, and catatonic schizophrenia. Often treated with drugs such as chlorpromazine, Zyprexa,or Risperdal | |
| 768643366 | Sclera | The white part of the eye proves structure | |
| 768643367 | Selective Attention | The ability to focus our mental energy on one topic at a time | |
| 768643368 | Self-fulfilling prophecy | The idea that you will ascribe certain attributes to person based on information obtained prior to meeting them, without taking into account performance | |
| 768643369 | Semantic Memory | Memory for general facts or knowledge | |
| 768643370 | Sensation | The process of receiving information from the environment through the sense | |
| 768643371 | Sensorimotor Stage | The initial stage of cognitive development, according ti piaget, in which the child obtains knowledge only from the sense, and produce motor response | |
| 768643372 | Sensory memory | The ability to store information in its sensory from for a few hundred milliseconds so that it can be produced after we have processed other information | |
| 768643373 | Signal Detection theory | A theory designed to help measure our perceptual processes | |
| 768643374 | B.F. Skinner | Considered by many to most important psychologist of the 20th century. Went against the traditional approach of studying psychology by claiming that we need to know about behavior is the consequences of behavior. If we understand that we can predict and control future behavior. His approach was called operant conditioning | |
| 768643375 | Social Facilitation | Evidence suggests that when we compete we perform better than we would if we were engaging in behavior alone. | |
| 768643376 | Edward B. Titchner | A student of Wundt. Traveled to US and founded the first lab in a college at Cornell University | |
| 768643377 | Trait theorists | Personality theorists who believe that we can understand personality by examining the separate characteristics that a person displays | |
| 768643378 | Tympanic membrane | The eardrum. A structure that vibrates when sound hits it | |
| 768643379 | Unconditioned Response | The response to a stimuli, such as a reflex | |
| 768643380 | Unconditioned stimulus | A stimulus that leads to a response to a response in the world naturally | |
| 768643381 | Unconscious | According to Freud, things that are too painful to experience, are pushed into our unconscious. This information is not accessible to our consciousness but it does cause anxiety if not dealt with | |
| 768643382 | Ventromedial hypothalamus | The part of the hypothalamus which controls motivation for satiety (feeling full) | |
| 768643383 | Lev Vygotsky | A development psychologist who argued that language and culture influenced development above and beyond what the biological perspective might allow | |
| 768643384 | John B. Watson | An early behaviorist who believed that classical conditioning would help explain a great deal of human behavior | |
| 768643385 | Wilheim Wundt | Considered the founder of experimental psychology at the University of Leipzig in 1879. Founded school of thought known as Structuralism | |
| 768643386 | Zone of proximal Development | The gap between the abilities of children that they are capable of dealing with and that they can deal with if provided with support |
Chapter 6 - Classical Conditioning Flashcards
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| 667286337 | What is learning? | Relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience. | |
| 667286339 | What does learning do? | Helps all animals, especially humans, adapt to their environments. | |
| 667286341 | What is classical conditioning? | A type of learning in which we learn to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events. | |
| 667286343 | What is associative learning? | Learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning). | |
| 667286345 | What is a stimulus? | Any event or situation that evokes a response. | |
| 667286347 | What is operant conditioning? | A type of learning in which we learn to associate a response (our behavior) and its consequence, and thus to repeat acts followed by good results and avoid acts followed by bad results. | |
| 667286349 | What is observational learning? | Learning by observing others and their experiences. | |
| 667286350 | By conditioning and by observation we humans _______ and ________ to our environments. | learn, adapt | |
| 667286352 | What are neutral events? (Pavlov's experiments) | Unrelated stimuli that the dog could see or hear. | |
| 667286353 | What is an unconditioned response? | In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus, such as salivation when food is in the mouth. | |
| 667286354 | What is an unconditioned stimulus? | In classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally (naturally and automatically) triggers a response. | |
| 667286355 | What is a conditioned response? | In classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but not conditioned) stimulus. | |
| 667286356 | What is a conditioned stimulus? | In classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response. | |
| 667286357 | What did Pavlov's work do? | -Laid the foundation for behaviorism -Psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes | |
| 667286358 | What are the five major conditioning processes? | Acquisition, Extinction, Spontaneous Recovery, Generalization, and Discrimination | |
| 667286359 | Why is classical conditioning biologically adaptive? | Because it helps humans and other animals prepare for good or bad events. | |
| 667286360 | What is acquisition in classical conditioning? | The initial stage, when we link a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. | |
| 667286361 | What is extinction in classical conditioning? | The weakening of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus. | |
| 667286362 | What is acquisition in operant conditioning? | The strengthening of a reinforced response. | |
| 667286363 | What is extinction in operant conditioning? | The weakening of a response when it is no longer reinforced. | |
| 667286364 | What is spontaneous recovery? | The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditional response. | |
| 667286365 | What is generalization in classical conditioning? | The tendency, after conditioning, to respond similiarly to stimuli that resemble the conditioned stimulus. | |
| 667286366 | What is discrimination in classical conditioning? | The learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other irrelevant stimuli. | |
| 667286367 | What is behaviorism? | The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2). | |
| 667286368 | Who was John B. Watson? | One of many psychologists who built on Pavlov's work and (like Pavlov) rejected "mentalistic" concepts (such as consciousness) that referred to inner thoughts, feelings, and motives. | |
| 667286369 | What did Pavlov and Watson underestimate? | -Cognitive Processes -Biological Constraints | |
| 667286370 | What iare cognitive processes? | Our thoughts, perceptions, and expectations. | |
| 667286371 | What are biological constraints? | The observation that certain behaviors are more easily learned by some organisms than by others. | |
| 667286372 | What is Pavlov's greatest contribution to psychology? | Isolating elementary behaviors from more complex ones through objective scientific procedures. | |
| 667286373 | What did Watson do? | He used classical conditioning procedures to develop advertising campaigns for a number of organizations, including Maxwell House, making the "coffee break" an American custom. |
Holt Ch 28-31 Flashcards
HRW World History Text book
Terms : Hide Images
| 170509105 | influenza pandemic | 1919- more than 20 million deaths , spread rapidly among soldiers after WWI | |
| 170509106 | Black Tuesday | October 29, 1929; the day the stock market crashed. Lead to the Panic of 1929 , sudden sell-off of stocks | |
| 170509107 | Great Depression | collapse of stock market, prices and wages fell, business slowed, unemployment rose, poverty occured, | |
| 170509108 | Maginot Line | a fortification built before World War II to protect France's eastern border , (to protect invasion from Germany) | |
| 170509109 | gulag | ... | |
| 170509110 | mussolini | Italian dictator , organized Facist Party | |
| 170509111 | Hitler | German Dictator, created Nazi Party , leader of Beer Hall Putsch | |
| 170509112 | Stalin | was a Communist, wanted command economy, created 5 yr plan | |
| 170509113 | Trotsky | created Red Army, defended Bolsheviek Revolution | |
| 170509114 | Ghandi | opposed violence, encouraged passive resistance | |
| 170509115 | Empress Dowager Tz'u-his | anti - foreigner movements, Boxer Rebellion- destroyed churches, railways, mines, etc | |
| 170509116 | Chiang Kai-shek | military commander, took over leadership of nationalists | |
| 170509117 | Mao Zedong | believed peasants provided best basis for communist revolution in china | |
| 170509118 | Batista | decided to overthrow reformers, | |
| 170509119 | Zionism | Nationalist movement to build a homeland for the Jews in Palestine. | |
| 170509120 | Kellogg-Briand Pact | Agreement made between the United States and France in 1928 that made war "illegal." | |
| 170509121 | Axis | Alliance including Germany, Italy, and Japan. | |
| 170509122 | Allies | Alliance that included Great Britain, France, Russia (later, the Soviet Union), the United States, and other countries during World Wars I and II. | |
| 170509123 | League Of Nations | World organization formed after World War I to maintain peace. | |
| 170509124 | Poland | ... | |
| 170509125 | Austria | ... | |
| 170509126 | Sudetenland | ... | |
| 170509127 | Blitzkrieg | German for "lightning war"; fast forceful style of fighting used by Germany during World War II. | |
| 170509128 | Holocaust | Systematic elimination of European Jews and others by the Nazis. | |
| 170509129 | Auchswitz | Nazi death camp in which people were systematically murdered. | |
| 170509130 | Operation Overlord (D Day) | Code name for the Allied invasion of northwest France. | |
| 170509131 | franco | led Falangist rebels in Spanish Civil War, | |
| 170509132 | Churchill | spoke out against appeasment, prime minister of britain, | |
| 170509133 | DeGaulle | write a new french constitution, president of fifth republic, was a nationalist, and a military leader, lots of military advancements, | |
| 170509134 | Rommel | commanded German troops, across mediterranean to take control of Libya in early 1931 | |
| 170509135 | Tojo | leader of Japanese government, japan bomber pearl Harbor | |
| 170509136 | Himmler | head of SS, military branch of Nazi Party, headed Final Solution, (Jewish genocide) | |
| 170509137 | Anne Frank | teenager who kept a diary of her experience's during the Holocaust, | |
| 170509138 | Krushchev | Stalins successor, economic reforms which made more consumer goods available to the people, attempted to improve relations with Western powers | |
| 170509139 | United Nation | Organization of nations to keep peace through collective security arrangements. | |
| 170509140 | Nuremberg trials | Nuremberg trials; postwar trials of Nazi leaders charged with crimes against peace and humanity. | |
| 170509141 | Cold War | Suspicion and hostility between the communist and Western democratic nations, waged primarily by political and economic means rather than with weapons. | |
| 170509142 | Containment | Policy aimed at restricting the spread of communism. | |
| 170509143 | Berlin Airlift | System of dropping food and supplies by air into West Berlin by the United States and Britain. | |
| 170509144 | Berlin Wall | Wall constructed to separate East and West Berlin, to prevent East Germans from escaping to West Berlin. | |
| 170509145 | Cuban Missile Crisis | Situation during the Cold War in which the Soviet Union built nuclear missile sites in Cuba. |
Biology--Chapter 10 DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis Flashcards
Holt, Rinehart, & Winston; Biology; Chapter 10 Vocabulary
Terms : Hide Images
| 764961039 | virulent | disease-causing strain of a bacterium | |
| 764961040 | transformation | process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria | |
| 764961041 | bacteriophages | viruses that infect bacteria | |
| 764961042 | nucleotide | monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base | |
| 764961043 | deoxyribose | five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides | |
| 764961044 | nitrogenous base | an organic base that contains nitrogen, such as a purine or pyrimidine; a subunit of a nucleotide in DNA and RNA | |
| 764961045 | purine | a nitrogenous base that has a double-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; either adenine or guanine | |
| 764961046 | pyrimidine | a nitrogenous base that has a single-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; thymine, cytosine, or uracil | |
| 764961047 | base-pairing rules | the rules stating that cytosine pairs with guanine and adenine pairs with thymine in DNA, and adenine pairs with uracil in RNA | |
| 764961048 | complementary base pairs | the sequence of bases on one strand determines the sequence of bases on the other strand | |
| 764961049 | base sequence | the order of nitrogenous bases on a chain of DNA | |
| 764961050 | DNA replication | process by which DNA is copied in a cell before a cell divides by mitosis, meiosis, or binary fission | |
| 764961051 | helicase | An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks. | |
| 764961052 | replication fork | a Y-shaped point that results when the two strands of a DNA double helix separate so that the DNA molecule can be replicated | |
| 764961053 | DNA polymerase | An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain | |
| 764961054 | semi-conservative replication | in each new DNA double helix, one strand is from the original molecule, and one is a new strand | |
| 764961055 | mutation | change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information | |
| 764961056 | ribonucleic acid | (RNA) single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose | |
| 764961057 | transcription | the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA | |
| 764961058 | translation | the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm | |
| 764961059 | protein synthesis | the formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA | |
| 764961060 | ribose | a 5-carbon sugar important as a component of ribonucleic acid | |
| 764961061 | messenger RNA | the RNA that is the template for protein synthesis; it makes a copy from DNA | |
| 764961062 | ribosomal RNA | the RNA that is part of the ribosome; where protein synthesis occurs | |
| 764961063 | transfer RNA | type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis | |
| 764961064 | RNA polymerase | enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template | |
| 764961065 | promoter | a specific nucleotide sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription | |
| 764961066 | termination signal | a specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene | |
| 764961067 | genetic code | a term for the rules that relate how a sequence of nitrogenous bases in nucleotides corresponds to a particular amino acid | |
| 764961068 | codon | three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid | |
| 764961069 | anticodon | group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon | |
| 764961070 | genome | the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes |
Chapter 33 APUSH terms Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 736357849 | Huey P. Long | 1. "Share our Wealth" concept which meant that there would be a Wealth minimum and maximum for Americans.Huey P. Long was the most direct Democrat challenge to Roosevelt, speaking against Roosevelt and using his Share our Wealth plan as a basis for his Presidential platform 2. Huey P Long served as Governor of Louisiana from 1928-1932 | |
| 736357850 | Francis Townsend | 1. "Townsend Plan" concept which greatly influenced United States Social Security Act which was passed in 1935, Townsend was one of the first to speak for pensions given to those above age 60. 2. Townsend was a physician who, in order to promote his Townsend Plan, wrote a letter to the editor of the local newspaper in Long Beach, which launched his career as an Old Age Activist. | |
| 736357851 | United Auto Workers | 1. The UAW was founded in May 1935 in Detroit, Michigan, under the auspices of the American Federation of Labor. 2. The Union is best known for its Flint Sit Down strike which lasted from (December) 1936 until (February) 1937. | |
| 736357852 | Congress of Industrial Organization (CIO) | 1. Proposed by John L. Lewis in 1938, was a federation of unions that organized workers in industrial unions in the United States and Canada from 1935 to 1955. 2. The Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act) is widely responsible for the creation of the Union because it created a powerful National Labor Relations Board for administrative purposes and reasserted the rights of labor to engage in self-organization and to bargain collectively through representatives of its own choice. | |
| 736357853 | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | 1. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the 32nd President of the United States and the only president to be elected to more than 2 terms. 2. President Roosevelt focused on Relief Recovery and Reform, hoping to halt the depression, recover and strengthen, and then reform the United States to prevent future Collapses. | |
| 736357854 | Father Charles Coughlin | 1. Father Charles Coughlin was a Catholic Priest who spoke over the radio propagating Fascist ideals, and denouncing Roosevelt's "Socialism". 2. Coughlin was removed from the Radio when his show began to become to Anti-Semitic. | |
| 736357855 | Mary McLeod Bethune | 1. Bethune was an African American educator and Civil Rights leader who became known for founding the Bethune-Cookman University in Florida. 2. Bethune was a member of Roosevelt's "Black Cabinet" and was a close advisor of the president. | |
| 736357856 | John Steinbeck | 1. Steinbeck's contacts with leftist authors, journalists, and labor union figures influenced his writing and he joined the League of American Writers, a Communist organization, in 1935 2. Steinbeck met with strike organizers from the Cannery and Agricultural Workers' Industrial Union. | |
| 736357857 | Ruth Benedict | 1. Benedict was a American Born Anthropologist and Folklorist 2. Benedict held the post of President of the American Anthropological Association and was also a prominent member of the American Folklore Society. She was the first woman to be recognized as the leader of a prominent organization. | |
| 736357858 | George W. Norris | 1. Norris served 5 terms in the United States Senate from 1913 until 1943, 4 terms as a republican and 1 last term as an independent. 2. Norris was a staunch supporter of President Roosevelt's New Deal programs, sponsoring the Tennessee Valley Authority Act of 1933. | |
| 736357859 | John L. Lewis | 1. During the Second World War, he served in the United States Army Air Forces (1943-1945), where he was a second lieutenant and pilot. 2. After the war, he attended Williams College, then continued his studies at Dartmouth College. | |
| 736357860 | "Oakies" | 1. Originally a term used for residents of Oklahoma, in the 1930s in California, the term (often used in contempt) came to refer to very poor immigrants from Oklahoma (and nearby states). 2. The "Okie" migration of the 1930s brought in over a million newly displaced people; many headed to the farms in California's Central Valley. | |
| 736357861 | American Liberty League (ALL) | 1. The American Liberty League was an American political organization formed in 1934, primarily by conservative Democrats to oppose the New Deal of Franklin D. Roosevelt. 2. Roosevelt's campaign manager accused the Liberty League of being an "ally of the Republican National Committee" which would "squeeze the worker dry in his old age and cast him like an orange rind into the refuse pail." The Republican campaign, not content with the League's declaration of non-partisanship, asked it to "stay aloof from too close alliance with the Landon campaign."[11][12] FDR's campaign manager used that information as the basis for saying that the League had behaved so badly that it "had to be repudiated by the regular Republican organization," further drawing the League into protestations of nonpartisanship that highlighted its partisan role. | |
| 736357862 | Black Cabinet | 1. The Black Cabinet was first known as the Federal Council of Negro Affairs, an informal group of African-American public policy advisors to United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt. 2. By mid-1935, there were 45 African Americans working in federal executive departments and New Deal agencies. | |
| 736357863 | Eleanor Roosevelt | 1. The wife of Franklin D. Roosevelt, she was active in helping the poor, African Americans, and women who hoped to achieve the American dream. 2. She was the first presidential spouse to hold press conferences, write a syndicated newspaper column, and speak at a national convention. | |
| 736357864 | Harry L. Hopkins | 1. was one of the architects of the New Deal, especially the relief programs of the Works Progress Administration (WPA) 2. In World War II he was Roosevelt's chief diplomatic advisor and troubleshooter and was a key policy maker in the $50 billion Lend-Lease program that sent aid to the Allies. | |
| 736357865 | Francis Perkins | 1. Frances Perkins was the U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, and the first woman appointed to the U.S. Cabinet. 2. Perkins championed many aspects of the New Deal, including the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Public Works Administration and its successor the Federal Works Agency, and the labor portion of the National Industrial Recovery Act. | |
| 736357866 | Robert F. Wagner | 1. Wagner was a Democratic U.S. Senator from New York from 1927 to 1949. 2. Championed the National Labor Relations Act creating the National Labor Relations Board, which mediated disputes between unions and corporations, and greatly expanded the rights of workers by banning many "unfair labor practices" and guaranteeing all workers the right to form a union. | |
| 736357867 | Margaret Mead | 1. During World War II, Mead served as executive secretary of the National Research Council's Committee on Food Habits 2. Mead was an Anthropologist of United States lineage. | |
| 736357868 | John M. Keynes | 1. Keynes instead argued that aggregate demand determined the overall level of economic activity, and that inadequate aggregate demand could lead to prolonged periods of high unemployment. 2. Following the outbreak of the Second World War, Keynes's ideas concerning economic policy were adopted by leading Western economies, called Keynesianism | |
| 736357869 | Harold Ickes | 1. Ickes worked as the director of the Public Works Administration (PWA) 2. He was instrumental in establishing the Kings Canyon National Park, commissioning Ansel Adams as a 'photographic muralist' in a visionary public relations project. | |
| 736357870 | Alfred M. Landon | 1. Landon was elected Governor of Kansas in 1932. He was re-elected governor in 1934 - the only Republican governor in the nation to be re-elected that year. 2. Landon later ran against Roosevelt in the 1936 presidential election, and was defeated in a landslide for Roosevelt. | |
| 736357871 | The First New Deal | 1. The New Deal was a series of economic programs enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1936. 2. Many of the programs started by the New Deal were ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme court (NRA, AAA) | |
| 736357872 | Brain Trust | 1. Brain trust began as a term for a group of close advisers to a political candidate or incumbent, prized for their expertise in particular fields. 2. Roosevelt had Brain trusts for both the First and the Second New Deals. | |
| 736357873 | First Hundred Days | 1. The first hundred days is a sample of the first 100 days of a first term presidency of a president of the United States. 2. During Roosevelt's first hundred days, congress passed The Economy Act, Emergency Banking Act, Federal Reserve Act, Glass-Steagall Act, established the FDIC, Securities Act of 1933, and the US Securities and Exchange commission. (as well as repealing prohibition) | |
| 736357874 | The Three "Rs" (Relief, Recovery, Reform) | 1. Roosevelt hoped to gain immediate Relief and Recovery, while creating long lasting Reform. 2. Relief by the PWA, Recovery by the NRA, and Reform by the Social Securities Act. | |
| 736357875 | Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) | 1. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a public work relief program that operated from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men from relief families, ages 18-25. 2. Robert Fechner was the head of the agency. | |
| 736357876 | Works Progress Administration (WPA) | 1. The Works Progress Administration was the largest and most ambitious New Deal agency, employing millions of unemployed people (mostly unskilled men) to carry out public works projects. 2. Liquidated on June 30, 1943, as a result of low unemployment due to the worker shortage of World War II | |
| 736357877 | The Second New Deal | 1. the second stage of the New Deal programs of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. In his address to Congress in January 1935, Roosevelt called for three major goals: improved use of national resources, security against old age, unemployment and illness, and slum clearance 2. The most important programs included Social Security, the National Labor Relations Act ("Wagner Act"), and the Banking Act. | |
| 736357878 | National Recovery Administration (NRA) | 1. goal was to eliminate "cut-throat competition" by bringing industry, labor and government together to create codes of "fair practices" and set prices. 2. Ruled Unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in the Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States. | |
| 736357879 | Keynesianism | 1. is the view that in the short run, especially during recessions, economic output is strongly influenced by aggregate demand 2. This view was used by most western economies during the second world war | |
| 736357880 | Roosevelt Recession | 1. Federal Reserve's tightening of the money supply in 1936 and 1937. 2. Unemployment jumped from 14.3% in 1937 to 19.0% in 1938, Industrial production declined almost 30% and production of durable goods fell even faster. | |
| 736357881 | Public Works Administration (PWA) | 1. The Public Works Administration (PWA), part of the New Deal of 1933, was a large-scale public works construction agency in the United States headed by Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes. 2. It was created by the National Industrial Recovery Act in June 1933 in response to the Great Depression. It built large-scale public works such as dams, bridges, hospitals, and schools. | |
| 736357882 | Dust Bowl | 1. was a period of severe dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American and Canadian prairie lands in the 1930s, particularly in 1934 and 1936. 2. The phenomenon was caused by severe drought combined with farming methods that did not include crop rotation, fallow fields, cover crops, soil terracing and wind-breaking trees to prevent wind erosion. | |
| 736357883 | Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | 1. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is a federally owned corporation in the United States created by congressional charter in May 1933 to provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development in the Tennessee Valley. 2. TVA became a model for America's governmental efforts to seek to assist in the modernization of agrarian societies in the developing world. | |
| 736357884 | National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) | 1.The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) is an independent agency of the United States government charged with conducting elections for labor union representation and with investigating and remedying unfair labor practices. 2. Established by the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933. | |
| 736357885 | Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) | 1. The Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) implemented US Executive Order 8802, requiring that companies with government contracts not discriminate on the basis of race or religion. 2. It was intended to help African Americans and other minorities obtain jobs in the homefront industry during World War II. | |
| 736357886 | Fireside Chats | 1. The fireside chats were a series of thirty evening radio addresses given by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933 and 1944. 2. fireside chats were the first media development that facilitated intimate and direct communication between the president and the citizens of the United States. | |
| 736357887 | Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) | 1. The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) was a United States federal law of the New Deal era which restricted agricultural production by paying farmers subsidies not to plant on part of their land and to kill off excess livestock. 2. Ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court United States v. Butler (1936) | |
| 736357888 | Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act | 1. Provisions in Banking Act of 1933 that limited commercial bank securities activities and affiliations between commercial banks and securities firms. 2. Senator Carter Glass (D) of Virginia, and Representative Henry B. Steagall (D) of Alabama. | |
| 736357889 | Emergency Banking Relief Act | 1. This act allows only Federal Reserve-approved banks to operate in the United States of America. 2. It was passed on March 9, 1933 | |
| 736357890 | National Recovery Act & Section 7a | 1. The Act was implemented by the National Recovery Administration (NRA) and the Public Works Administration (PWA). 2. Employes shall have the right to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and shall be free from the interference, restraint or coercion of employers of labor, or their agents, in the designation of such representatives or in self-organization or in other activities for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection.—Section 7-a, National Industrial Recovery Act | |
| 736357891 | Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) | 1. The FLSA introduced a maximum 44-hour seven-day workweek, established a national minimum wage, guaranteed "time-and-a-half" for overtime in certain jobs, and prohibited most employment of minors in "oppressive child labor". 2. It applies to employees engaged in interstate commerce or employed by an enterprise engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce. | |
| 736357892 | National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) | 1. Named after its sponsor, New York Senator Robert F. Wagner, who championed and helped pass the bill. 2. is a 1935 United States federal law that protects the rights of employees in the private sector to discuss organizing and workplace issues with coworkers, engage in collective bargaining, and take part in strikes and other forms of protected concerted activity in support of their demands. | |
| 736357893 | Judicial Reorganization Bill | 1. was a legislative initiative proposed by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt to add more justices to the U.S. Supreme Court. 2. Roosevelt met staunch disapproval of this bill, and this bill halted the political momentum of the New Deal. | |
| 736357894 | Social Security Act | 1. Based off of Francis Townsend's plan for men and women above age 60 to receive pensions. 2. Helped set up the framework for modern Welfare | |
| 736357895 | National Industrial Recovery Act | 1. was an American statute which purposed to authorize the President of the United States to regulate industry and permit cartels and monopolies in an attempt to stimulate economic recovery, and established a national public works program. 2. The Act was implemented by the National Recovery Administration (NRA) and the Public Works Administration (PWA). | |
| 736357896 | Indian Reorganization Act | 1. These include actions that contributed to the reversal of the Dawes Act's privatization of communal holdings of American Indian tribes and a return to local self-government on a tribal basis. 2. The Act also restored to Indians the management of their assets (being mainly land) and included provisions intended to create a sound economic foundation for the inhabitants of Indian reservations. | |
| 736357897 | Court-Packing Scheme | 1. Judicial Reorganization Bill which halted the political momentum of The New Deal 2. Roosevelt was trying to counter the Supreme Court which continually blocked New Deal programs such as the AAA and the NRA |
APUSH chapter 33 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 717682550 | Harold Ickes | secretary of the interior | |
| 717682551 | Harry Hopkins | secretary of commerce | |
| 717682552 | Cordell Hall | secretary of state | |
| 717682553 | Frances Perkins | first female to serve in cabinet; secretary of labor | |
| 717682554 | emergency banking relief act | authorizes treasury to reopen all banks that are safe and identify the second tier of the kind of safe banks. The reconstruction finance corporation will help out the kind of safe banks. It leaves bad banks closed. | |
| 717682555 | Glass-Steagall Act | persuaded people to put money back in banks; created FDIC | |
| 717682556 | Federal Depositors Insurance Corporation | government ensured banks | |
| 717682557 | truth in securities act | person who deals in selling to the public has an affirmative duty to notify the potential seller of the true value of stock | |
| 717682558 | security exchange commission | insider trading, got insider info about what was going to happen in the stock market | |
| 717682559 | homeowners association | Government agency set up to help people with their mortgages | |
| 717682560 | Civilian Conservation Corps | employed young men to plant trees, drain swamps, fight fires, etc. | |
| 717682561 | Federal Emergency Relief Administration | gives money to states to give to the unemployed | |
| 717682562 | Civil Works Administration | makes people work for the money previously just given out; jobs were often boondoggling | |
| 717682563 | Public Works Administration | builds schools, dams, runways | |
| 717682564 | Works Progress Administration | gets jobs for people who couldn't do manual labor - artists, writers, etc. | |
| 717682565 | Agricultural Adjustment Administration | subsidies through creating artificial scarcity by paying farmers to not produce some products - heightens prices; eliminates surplus; ultimately declared unconstitutional | |
| 717682566 | Federal Farm Loan Act | farmers can borrow from govt. so they won't be foreclosed upon | |
| 717682567 | Rural Electrification Administration | govt paid for electricity to be brought to isolated, rural towns | |
| 717682568 | natural industry recovery act | led to NRA | |
| 717682569 | National Recovery Administration | The goal was to eliminate "cut-throat competition" by bringing industry, labor and government together to create codes of "fair practices" and set prices | |
| 717682570 | Section 7A in NIRA | labor has the right to organize and bargain collectively | |
| 717682571 | Tennessee Valley Authority | govt owns and distributes electricity; creates power plant at Muscle Shoals; made fertilizer | |
| 717682572 | Federal Housing Administration | federal loan program for first time home purchasers | |
| 717682573 | Social Security Act | took $ out of your paycheck for a forced retirement plan | |
| 717682574 | American Liberty League | conservative democrats (Al Smith) and republicans; think New Deal is too liberal and is destroying capitalism | |
| 717682575 | Father Charles Coughlin | anti-Semitic, Fascist radio talk show host | |
| 717682576 | Huey Long | Share the wealth policy, govt had to make everybody get $5000 a year | |
| 717682577 | Francis Townsend | calls for govt program to assist pension, assist elderly | |
| 717682578 | Al Landon | republican nominee in election of 1936 | |
| 717682579 | Schechter Poultry v. US | had violated quota on selling chickens; supreme court ruled NRA unconstitutional and in favor of Schechter | |
| 717682580 | Judiciary Organization Bill | if a court judge didn't step down by age 70, president could appoint a new court judge to "assist him" |
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