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Plant Anatomy

vegetative structures - roots, shoots, leaves

  • roots - anchors plant in soil, absorbs water/minerals, stores carbohydrates
  • shoots - supports plant, transports solutes/water, stores carbohydrates
  • leaves - site for photosynthesis, area of gas exchange/transpiration

roots - 4 regions (root cap, apical meristem, elongation, maturation)

  • amyloplasts - store carbohydrates
  • xylem - transfers water/minerals
  • phloem - transfers food
  • pericycle - produces secondary roots

shoots (stem) - herbaceous in monocots, woody in dicots

  • pith - center of stem used for food storage
  • vascular cambium - responsible for secondary growth
  • node - where leaf attaches to stem
  • internode - space between nodes
  • axillary bud - produces branch/flower
  • terminal bud - contains apical meristem
  • cutin - waxy, waterproof layer around epidermis
  • periderm - minimizes water loss when epidermis ruptures
  • lenticles - for gas exchange

leaves - made of blade and petiole

  • phyllotaxis - arrangement of leaves
  • palisade mesophyll - on top, main area of photosynthesis
  • spongy mesophyll - on bottom, contains most of the stomata
Subject: 
Biology
Subject X2: 
Biology

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