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Angiosperms

characteristics of angiosperms - most successful/diverse plant phylum

  • all have seeds in fruits
  • dominant sporophyte, microscopic gametophyte
  • divided into monocots/dicots
  • dicots - less advanced than monocots
    • stem vascular bundles in ring
    • root vascular bundle in x-shape
    • taproot
    • netted veins in leaves
    • 2 cotyledons
  • monocots - fibrous root in place of taproot
    • stem vascular bundle scattered
    • root vascular bundles in ring
    • parallel veins in leaves
    • single cotyledon

pollination/fertilization -

  • pollen lands in sticky stigma
  • tube nuclear creates pollen tube into ovary
  • double fertilization creates zygote and endosperm
  • embryo sac - gametophyte portion that holds the egg
  • hilum - where ovule attaches to ovary
  • micropyle - seed opening through which pollen tube grows

flower structure -

  • peduncle - holds up the flower
  • receptacle - at base of flower
  • sepal/calyx - protects emerging bud
  • petal/corolla - attracts pollinators
  • androecium (stamen) - male reproductive structure
    • anther - produces the pollen
    • filament - holds up the anther
  • gynoecium - female reproductive structure
    • stigma - receives pollen
    • style - connects stigma w/ ovary
    • ovary - makes the ovules

fruit structure - ripened ovaries

  • contains seeds (mature ovules)
  • can be dry or fleshy
  • pericarp (exocarp, mesocarp, endocarp) and placental tissues
Subject: 
Biology
Subject X2: 
Biology

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