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AP US History - US Presidents Flashcards

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13779675912George Washington1789-1797 Federalist, Whiskey Rebellion; Judiciary Act; Farewell Address0
13779675913John Adams1797-1801 Federalist, XYZ Affair; Alien and Sedition Acts1
13779675914Thomas Jefferson1801-1809 Democratic-Republican, Marbury v. Madison; Louisiana Purchase; Embargo of 18072
13779675915James Madison1809-1817 Democratic-Republican,War of 1812; First Protective Tariff3
13779675916James Monroe1817-1825 Democratic-Republican,Missouri Compromise of 1820; Monroe Doctrine4
13779675917John Quincy Adams1825-1829 Democratic-Republican,"Corrupt Bargain"; "later fought gag rule"5
13779675918Andrew Jackson1829-1837 Democrat,Nullification Crisis; Bank War; Indian Removal Act, King Andrew I6
13779675919Martin Van Buren1837-1841 Democrat,Jackson's coat tails, Specie Circular; Panic of 18377
13779675920William Henry Harrison1841 Whig,"Tippecanoe and Tyler too!"; First Whig President, Log Cabins and Hard Cider, shortest term8
13779675921John Tyler1841-1845 Whig,"His Accidency"; Webster-Ashburton Treaty, Annexed Texas9
13779675922James Polk1845-1849 Democrat,54-40 or Fight; Mexican War, North Carolinian10
13779675923Zachary Taylor1849-1850 Whig,Mexican War hero and staunch Unionist, dies before vetoing Compromise of 185011
13779675924Millard Fillmore1850-1853 Whig,Compromise of 185012
13779675925Franklin Pierce1853-1857 Democrat,Kansas-Nebraska Act; Gadsden Purchase13
13779675926James Buchanan1857-1861 Democrat,Dred Scott decision; Harpers Ferry raid, inaction of Fort Sumter14
13779675927Abraham Lincoln1861-1865 Republican,Secession and Civil War; Emancipation Proclamation15
13779675928Andrew Johnson1865-1869 Democrat,13th and 14th amendments; Radical Reconstruction; Impeachment16
13779675929Ulysses Grant1869-1877 Republican,15th amendment; Panic of 1873, Scandals including Credit Mobilier and Whiskey Ring17
13779675930Rutherford Hayes1877-1881 Republican,Compromise of 1877; labor unions and strikes18
13779675931James Garfield1881, Republican,Killed over patronage19
13779675932Chester Arthur1881-1885 Republican, signs Pendleton Act into law,Standard Oil trust created Edison lights up New York City20
13779675933Grover Cleveland1885-1889 (1st term), 1893-1897 (2nd term) Democrat,Interstate Commerce Act; Dawes Act; Panic of 1893; Pullman Strike21
13779675934Benjamin Harrison1889-1893 Republican,Sherman Anti-Trust Act; Closure of the frontier22
13779675935William McKinley1897-1901 Republican,Spanish-American War; Open Door policy, gold Standard23
13779675936Theodore Roosevelt1901-1909 Republican,Progressivism; Square Deal; Big Stick Diplomacy24
13779675937William Howard Taft1909-1913 Republican,Dollar diplomacy,TR's handpicked successor,NAACP founded25
13779675938Woodrow Wilson1913-1921 Democrat,WWI; League of Nations; 18th and 19th amendments; Segregation of federal offices; First Red Scare26
13779675939Warren Harding1921-1923 Republican,"Return to normalcy", return to isolationism; Tea Pot Dome scandal; Prohibition27
13779675940Calvin Coolidge1923-1929 Republican,Small-government (laissez-faire) conservative, "Do nothing Cal"28
13779675941Herbert Hoover1929-1933 Republican,"Rugged individualism"; Stock Market Crash; Dust Bowl; Hawley-Smoot Tariff29
13779675942Franklin Delano Roosevelt1933-1945 Democrat,New Deal; WWII; Japanese Internment; "Fireside Chats"30
13779675943Harry Truman1945-1953 Democrat,A-bomb; Marshall Plan; Korean War; United Nations31
13779675944Dwight Eisenhower1953-1961 Republican,Brown v. Board of Education; Second Red Scare; Highway Act and suburbanization ("white flight"); Farewell Address warning of the military industrial complex32
13779675945John Kennedy1961-1963 Democrat,Camelot; Bay of Pigs; Cuban Missile Crisis; Space program; Peace Corps33
13779675946Lyndon Johnson1963-1969 Democrat,Civil and Voting Rights acts; Gulf of Tonkin Resolution; Great Society34
13779675947Richard Nixon1969-1974 Republican,Environmental Protection Act; Detente; Watergate35
13779675948Gerald Ford1974-1977 Republican,Pardoning of Nixon; Helsinki Accords36
13779675949Jimmy Carter1977-1981 Democrat,stagflation / energy crisis; Iran hostage crisis; Camp David Accords37
13779675950Ronald Reagan1981-1989 Republican,Conservative revolution; Iran-Contra scandal38
13779675951George H. W. Bush1989-1993 Republican,Persian Gulf War39
13779675952Bill Clinton1993-2001 Democrat,NAFTA; Lewinsky scandal and impreachment40
13779675953George W. Bush2001-2008 Republican,War on terrorism; Patriot Act; Tax cuts; "No Child Left Behind"41
13779675954Barack Obama2008-2017 Democrat,Affordable Care Act42
13779675955Donald Trump2017-? Republican,"Make America Great Again"43
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AP Literature: Espacio y Tiempo Flashcards

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7188114670from now ona partir de ahora0
7188114832barelyapenas1
7188114940maybeacaso, quizas2
7188115121desireanhelo3
7188115122astonishmentasombro4
7188115291white haircana5
7188115292joydicha6
7188115469spaceespacio7
7188115470legendleyenda8
7188115617lineagelinaje9
7188115618mythmito10
7188117668massmisa11
7188117669oblivionolvido12
7188117911couragevalentia13
7188117912eagernessansia14
7188118066blurrybarroso15
7188118067crazydisparate16
7188118193pettynimio17
7188118344gloomysombrio18
7188118345far reachingtranscendental19
7188118653anxietyzozobra20
7188118654to be rightacertar21
7188118865to angerairar22
7188118866to diminishamenguar23
7188119098to risealzar24
7188119099to yearn foranhelar25
7188119395to throwarrojar26
7188119396to get darkatardecer27
7188119397to pay forcostear28
7188119670to obtainconseguir29
7188119671to disappeardesaparecer30
7188119945to offerdeparar31
7188121102to get ready, to arrangedisponer32
7188121993to startemprender33
7188122153to scatteresparcir34
7188122534to evokeevocar35
7188122538to escapefugar36
7188122724to instillinfudir37
7188122725to fillllenar38
7188122735to dry upmarchitar39
7188122941to populatepoblar40
7188123083to restrainrefrenar41
7188123084to surrenderrendir42
7188123088to surroundrodear43
7188123249to dreamsoñar44
7188123448to transfertrasladar45
7188123522to lessenvenir a menoos46
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AP Review Flashcards

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13618675510Federalist No. 10A large, diverse republic is the best way to control/tame the influence of factions0
13618679516Brutus No. IThe new government set up by the Constitution is all-too powerful; a confederation would be better1
13618682143Declaration of IndependenceDocument based on human liberty and consent of the governed; advocated a government set up freely by the people who maintain natural rights of life, liberty , and the pursuit of happiness.2
13618685417Articles of ConfederationU.S.'s first constitution that had no executive or national judiciary and based on heavy state sovereignty, ultimately creating a too-weak national government3
13618689454The U.S. ConstitutionA document that sets up a federal republic with three independent, coequal branches of government and a Bill of Rights to limit government and protect individual liberty.4
13618692285Federalist No. 51Separation of powers and checks & balances allow for an effective national government but will also protect individuals' liberties5
13618699933Letter From a Birmingham JailEncouraged non-violent protest against segregation and claimed that "justice too long delayed is justice denied."6
13618704968Federalist No. 70A single executive is most effective because he/she can more easily be held accountable7
13618709744Federalist No. 78Advocates creating the "least powerful" branch of government that can settle disputes, check the other two branches, and be politically insulated with lifetime appointments.8
13618714412Marbury v. MadisonEstablishes the power of Judicial Review of the Supreme Court9
13618717776McCulloch v. MarylandCongress does have Implied Powers and the Supremacy Clause gives the national government power to supersede state action; e.g. taxing a national bank10
13618725788Schenck v. United StatesUpholds national Sedition & Espionage laws, allowing government to limit speech if it constitutes a "clear & present danger."11
13618728603Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KansasOverruled the Plessy v. Ferguson doctrine of "separate but equal;" banned racial segregation in public schools12
13618732886Baker v. CarrAllows the Supreme Court to rule on state redistricting disputes; paves the way for the "one person, one vote" principle13
13618737690Engel v. VitaleSchools cannot sanction a voluntary prayer even if it is non-denominational; violation of the Establishment Clause14
13618744693Gideon v. WainrightIncorporates the 6th Amendment's guaranteed right to counsel even if the accused cannot afford one; i.e. public defender15
13618751941Tinker v. Des MoinesStudent speech can be limited in schools if it disrupts the learning environment or violates others' rights; students do not "shed their constitutional rights at the school house door."16
13618756851NY Times v. United StatesThe U.S. must maintain a free press unless the government can prove a national security threat; the president may not hide information (Pentagon Papers) from the public17
13618762682Wisconsin v. YoderIncorporates the Free Exercise Clause: states can't force people to go to school if they object on religious/moral grounds.18
13618770915Roe v. WadeEnhanced privacy rights from precedent case Griswold v. Connecticut by legalizing abortion19
13618774579Shaw v. Reno"Bizarrely shaped" congressional districts are indicative of racial gerrymandering and thus unconstitutional20
13618783606United States v. LopezCongress took unconstitutional power in using the Commerce Clause to ban guns in all U.S. school zones.21
13618789118McDonald v. ChicagoIncorporates the 2nd Amendment: overturns a state law regulating citizen access to handguns22
13618794855Citizens United v. Federal Election CommissionGovernment ban on political spending by corporations or labor unions violates the 1st Amendment guarantee of free speech. "Money is speech; Corporations are people."23
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chapter 1 child psychology Flashcards

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15104919657why study child developmentraising children, making social policy, understanding human nature0
151049411627 enduring themesnature v nurture, the active child, continuity/discontinuity, mechanisms of change, sociocultural context, individual differences, and research and children's welfare1
15104975212naturebiological, genome, hereditary, broad characteristics, specific preferences2
15104985073nurtureenvironments, physical and social3
15105002666nature and nurturegenetics influence behavior, behaviors/ experiences influence genetics, bidirectional effects4
15105020685epigeneticmodification of gene expression not the alteration of the genetic code5
15105053293the active childchildren shape their own development: attention, language, play, chosen environments, friends, and activities6
15105072851continuitysmall increments of change with age (skill by skill, task by task)7
15105083474discontinuitychange with age occurs in large shifts8
15105097806stage theoriesPiaget, Freud, Erickson, Kohlberg9
15105127613continuity-discontinuitydepending on how you look and how often you look at the data (example heigh and amount of growth)10
15105144886mechanisms of changegenes and environment, continuous and discontinuous, brain structures and chemicals, cognitive processes and experiments11
15105192010Sociocultural contextpeople, physical environment, institutions, general characteristics of society12
15105207813cross cultural comparisonsco-sleeping and early child care13
15105216121within culture differencesrace, ethnicity, socialeconomic status14
15105228725individual differencesdifferent genetics, treatments by parents and others, reactions to similar experiences, and choices of environment15
15105260215scientific methodchoose question, form hypothesis, test hypothesis, and use data to draw a conclusion16
15105278677reliabilityconsistency of a measure (consistent)17
15105287121validitymeasure what is intended? (accurate)18
15105295185interrater reliabilitybetween different raters, same behavior19
15105304586test-related reliabilitysame child, different occasions20
15105313733internal validitywishing the experiment21
15105318057external validitygeneralizability22
15105338265report-based measuresinterviews and questionnaires (there are problems with self-reporting)23
15105342903observation-basednaturalistic and structured24
15105352845performance-basedacademic skills and reaction time VERY STRUCTURED25
15105371864naturalistic observationunobtrusive, environment is not controlled by researcher, occasional behaviors26
15105380370structured observationsidentical situation and potential for bias27
15105412478correlational designsassociation between two variables range from (positive correlation) 1.00 to -1.00 (negative correlation) CORRELATION DOES NOT = CAUSATION28
15105441297third variable problemone thing could cause two events29
15105460087direction-of-causation problemdon't know what is causing the other event30
15105494955experimental designrandom assignment, experimental control, independent and dependent variables31
15105512312cross sectional designsdifferent participants of various ages32
15105526640longitudinal designssame participant is studied33
15105548218cross sectional advantages and disadvantagesadvantages: efficient, less money, less likely to drop out disadvantages: can't study individual; development, cohort effects34
15105573115longitudinal advantages and disadvantagesadvantages: studies individual differences disadvantages: participant may drop out, expensive, practice effects, and cohort effects35
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