AP World History Unit 1 Vocab Test Flashcards
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| 14900429464 | Muhammad | A prophet and the founder of Islam, the message he received was a warning of divine judgement and invitation to return to monotheism, there was resistance and he left from Mecca to Medina, converted most of population to Islam | 0 | |
| 14900439263 | Zheng He | Mariner in ancient China that went on 7 voyages beginning in 1405 CE, sent by Emperor Yongle during the Ming Dynasty in order to obtain recognition and gifts from other rulers and to increase trade. | 1 | |
| 14900450597 | Islamic Caliphates | An Islamic state under the leadership of a person considered a political-religious successor to Muhammad, there were four major caliphates,inaugurated the Islamic Golden Age in the Abbasid territory. | 2 | |
| 14900457634 | Civil Service Examination | A method of recruiting civil officials based on merit rather than family/political connections used in imperial China from 605-1905 CE, based on classic lit, philo, poli/social ideas that were of educational merit, caused the intense value of exams in premodern and modern China. | 3 | |
| 14900483535 | Dar al-Islam | House of Islam, built on the shared ideas of Islam following the death of Muhammad, including the five pillars, the Qur'an, and Arabic language, resulted in medical, math and science advancements. | 4 | |
| 14900492090 | Holy Roman Empire | Complex of lands in Western and Central EU, three main theories were founded by important figures during the time on what the empire was, Papal Theory- empire was the secular arm of the church, Imperial Theory- emphasis on conquest and hegemony as source of emperor's power, directly responsible to God, Roman Theory- empire was a delegation of powers by Roman people. BIG QUESTION: Emperor's role in accordance to religion. | 5 | |
| 14900500812 | Hanseatic League | A defensive and commercial confederation of merchant guilds/towns to protect interests in NW & Central EU, had exclusive trade routes, maintained own military, regulated tariffs to keep and maintain peace. | 6 | |
| 14900508260 | Neo-Confucianism | The fusion of Buddhist and Daoist concepts which produced a sophisticated Confucian metaphysics, Confucianism was becoming less and less used, two schools of thought: School of Principle and the School of heart/mind, principle was the essence of morality. | 7 | |
| 14900520537 | tributary system | Countries acknowledge the supremacy of China and diplomatic relations with the exchange of gifts between foreign rulers and Chinese emperors, embassies used them to get into the trade system. | 8 | |
| 14900525344 | nomadic pastoralism | The practice of rearing livestock by moving with the herd of animals from place to place in search of a new area to graze, used in early Neolithic times, hunter-gatherers changed their lifestyle by travelling with these animals when land was not well enough for arable farming. | 9 | |
| 14900537866 | Daimyo | Powerful feudal rulers that surrounded the emperor in court in Japan, control of large estates and military power. | 10 | |
| 14900556101 | Serfs/Serfdom | Serfs were the lowest class in medieval Europe and they got their subsistence by cultivating a plot owned by a landowner, decline in serfdom was caused by the Black Death, made up 75% of the population. | 11 | |
| 14900627066 | Shia/Shiism | Political faction that supported the fourth caliph, successor of Muhammad, formed into a religious movement that caused the splitting of the Sunnis and Shias, Shia believed that Ali should have been the prophets successor. | 12 | |
| 14900644039 | Great Schism | Break of communion between the Eastern Orthodox church and Roman Catholic church, 1054. | 13 | |
| 14900661504 | Chinampa | An agricultural system in the lakes of the Valley of Mexico by Mesoamerican societies, known as floating gardens, created to prevent flooding and droughts in Aztecs agricultural development. | 14 | |
| 14900669213 | Bushido | "Way of the warrior" code of honor developed under the samurai, reach highest respect in Japanese society, seven official virtues that affected development of morals within the society as a whole. | 15 | |
| 14900675239 | Ulama | Council of learned men holding government appointments in a Muslim state, they possess the quality of learning, had high authority within religious decisions of the Muslim authority. | 16 | |
| 14900679780 | Hajj | The pilgrimage of the holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia that every adult must travel to at least once in their life, the fifth of the five pillars of Islam, passage developed by Muhammad. | 17 | |
| 14900692104 | Mit'a | A colonial system established by the Spanish government where Indian labor was assigned to perform periodically, eventually led to the Encomiendas system. | 18 | |
| 14900700331 | Zhou Dynasty | Government was influenced by EU feudalism, ruling class was unified under kinship ties, development of Mandate of Heaven, goods circulated through gift and tribute. | 19 | |
| 14900703955 | Han Dynasty | Opening of the Silk Road, Confucianism was the official state ideology under Emperor Wu, Chinese calligraphy developed into an art. | 20 | |
| 14900715056 | Sui Dynasty | Invented block printing, built the Grand Canal under Emperor Yang. | 21 |
AP EURO Chapter 12 Flashcards
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| 11114958538 | Treaty of Westphalia | This document ended wars of religion in continental Europe and tried to restore international stability and diplomatic process there by eliminating religious division as a cause of conflict. | 0 | |
| 11114958539 | politiques | Pragmatic leaders who believed that any reason or problem that occurred with the state should be put ahead of any religious principles. | 1 | |
| 11114958540 | Peace of Augsburg | This agreement stated that the religion of the ruler was the religion of the state in the HRE. | 2 | |
| 11114958541 | Henry IV | He issued the Edict of Nantes and tried to restore stability in France. | 3 | |
| 11114958542 | Albrecht von Wallenstein | One of Ferdinand II's generals who drove the Protestant forces to Hungary in 1625. | 4 | |
| 11114958543 | 30 Years War | This war started because of the dissatisfaction between the Catholics and Protestants with the Peace of Augsburg. It was the last major war fought over religion. | 5 | |
| 11114958544 | St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre | Trigger event that resulted in the death of up to 20,000 Huguenots in France over a two-month period. | 6 | |
| 11114958545 | Edict of Nantes | This document gave the Huguenots the right to practice their religion in their own certain towns. | 7 | |
| 11114958546 | Phillip II | This Spanish ruler and husband of Mary Tudor was fanatical about preventing the spread of Catholicism. |  | 8 |
| 11114958547 | Huguenots | French Calvinists were referred to by this term. |  | 9 |
| 11114958548 | Puritans | Calvinists in England were referred to by this term. |  | 10 |
| 11114958549 | Presbyterians | Calvinists in Scotland were referred to by this term. |  | 11 |
| 11114958551 | Mary Queen of Scots (Mary Stuart) | Elizabeth had this cousin executed in 1587 to stifle further Catholic plots against Elizabethan rule. |  | 12 |
| 11114958552 | Cavaliers (royalists) and the Roundheads (Puritans) | These two factions fought each other during the English Civil War. |  | 13 |
| 11114958553 | the Spanish Netherlands | The southern provinces of Flanders became known by this term after the Dutch Revolt against Philip II failed to unite all 17 provinces. |  | 14 |
| 11114958554 | Cardinal Richelieu | This French minister brought France into the Thirty Years' War and was ultimately victorious during the "French Phase" of the war. |  | 15 |
| 11114958555 | Spanish Armada | The attempt by Phillip II to reimpose Catholicism in England ended in this 1588 naval disaster |  | 16 |
| 11114958556 | French Civil Wars | These wars ended when the politique, Henry IV, came to the throne |  | 17 |
| 11114958557 | Dutch Revolt | William of Orange led a group of provinces against Spanish oppression in this 1581 conflict |  | 18 |
| 11114958558 | Charles I | This king was executed as a result of the English Civil War |  | 19 |
| 11114958560 | Bohemian Phase - 30 Years' War | This stage of conflict began with the "Defenestration of Prague." |  | 20 |
| 11114958561 | Danish Phase - 30 Years' War | The second phase of the 30 Years' War, led on the Protestant side by King Christian IV vs. Wallenstein for the Catholics | 21 | |
| 11114958562 | Swedish Phase - 30 Years' War | Third phase of the Thirty Years' War led by Gustavus Adolphus for the Protestants against Wallenstein (in part) for the Catholics | 22 | |
| 11114958563 | French/Intl Phase - 30 Years' War | The last phase of the Thirty Years' War that had almost nothing to do with religion; ended with a victory against the Hapsburgs. | 23 | |
| 11114958564 | Gustavus Adolphus | This Swedish king and army leader may have saved the Protestant cause during the Thirty Years' War |  | 24 |
| 11114958567 | Restoration | Placement of Charles II on the throne of England and the period of strengthening the Church of England/constitutional monarchy tendencies in England | 25 | |
| 11114958568 | Glorious Revolution | James II forced into exile and William III of Orange (Neth.) invited to take English throne w/ his wife Mary (1688) | 26 | |
| 11114958569 | James I | First Stuart king of England, shared with Scotland and Ireland. Persecuted Catholics, anti Puritan reform efforts; enforcer of traditional Anglicanism | 27 | |
| 11114958570 | The Protectorate | Military dictatorship in England by Oliver Cromwell during the Interregnum period, before the Restoration (of Stuarts) | 28 | |
| 11114958571 | House of Valois | Catholic ruling house of France from 1328 - 1589. (Henry III) | 29 | |
| 11114958572 | House of Bourbon | Protestant, then later Catholic (at least "officially") ruling house of France from 1589 - 1792 (reinstated after Napoleon for part of 19th c. too) (Henry of Navarre-->Henry IV) | 30 | |
| 11114958573 | House of Guise | Ultra Catholic French nobles who created the Catholic League and were partly responsible for French civil wars. (Henry of Lorraine) | 31 | |
| 11114958574 | Catherine d' Medici | Wife of Henry II of France, acted as regent/advisor for her sons, Valois kings of France Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III. Catholic; ordered St. Bart's massacre | 32 |
Flashcards
AP World History chapter 7 Flashcards
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| 14979088076 | River Valley Civilization | Ancient civilizations that formed in river valleys due to the abundance of fresh water and fertile soil to support large-scale agriculture. | 0 | |
| 14979088077 | Classical Empires | -rise of large political units, people controlled under one ruler. - silk road- caravan routes in Asia to trade goods. | 1 | |
| 15075442769 | Silk Road(s) | A system of ancient caravan routes across Central Asia, along which traders carried silk and other trade goods. Land-based trade routes hat linked Eurasia. | 2 | |
| 15075449718 | AfroEurasia | a large geographical region spanning Africa, Europe, and Asia | 3 | |
| 15075454810 | Black Death | A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351 | 4 | |
| 15075458556 | Hinterland | The market area surrounding an urban center, which that urban center serves. | 5 | |
| 15075460546 | Swahili | A Bantu language with arabic words, spoken along the east african coast | 6 | |
| 15075463964 | Great Zimbabwe | A powerful state in the African interior that apparently emerged from the growing trade in gold to the East African coast; flourished between 1250 and 1350 C.E. | 7 | |
| 15075468595 | Indian Ocean Trade Route | linked East Asia with Arabian Peninsula and Africa; traded gold, spices, and slaves; spread Islam and Buddhism; sea trade | 8 | |
| 15097288621 | Srivijaya | A Malay kingdom that dominated the Straits of Malacca between 670 and 1025 C.E.; noted for its creation of a native/Indian hybrid culture. | 9 | |
| 15097290615 | Choke Point | a strategic, narrow waterway between two larger bodies of water | 10 | |
| 15097292631 | Angkor Wat | Temple complex of the Khmer Empire - Hindu temple - Example of syncretism | 11 | |
| 15097296312 | Indianization | The process by which Indian ideas spread into and influenced many Southeast Asian societies; a mixing of Indian with indigenous ideas. | 12 | |
| 15097538396 | Syncretism | a blending of beliefs and practices from different religions into one faith | 13 | |
| 15120275745 | Trans-Saharan Trade Route (Trans Africa) | gold-salt trade; linked North and West Africa; across Sahara Desert; spread Islam; land trade | 14 | |
| 15120283051 | The Sand Roads | A term used to describe the routes of the trans-Sahara trade in Africa. | 15 | |
| 15120283052 | Mali | The kingdom in West Africa that followed the Kingdom of Ghana; its wealth is also based on trans-Saharan trade; this kingdom encouraged the spread of Islam. | 16 | |
| 15120288453 | Ghana | First known kingdom in sub-Saharan West Africa between the sixth and thirteenth centuries C.E. Also the modern West African country once known as the Gold Coast. gold and salt trade. | 17 | |
| 15120292358 | Timbuktu | Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning | 18 | |
| 15120295498 | Griots | A West African storyteller | 19 | |
| 15120295499 | Ibn Battuta | Arab traveler who described African societies and cultures in his travel records | 20 | |
| 15120299440 | Arab | ethnic group that dominates the Middle East and northern Africa | 21 | |
| 15120303888 | Mansa Musa | Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East. | 22 | |
| 15120310620 | Coerced Labor | When people are forced to work either as slaves or servants | 23 | |
| 15139354561 | Byzantine Empire | Eastern half of the Roman Empire that survived the fall of the Western half. | 24 | |
| 15139356400 | Constantine | Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337) | 25 | |
| 15139356401 | Christianity | the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices. | 26 | |
| 15139358392 | Constantinople | Capital of the Byzantine Empire - crossroads of the world - Big trade center - Treat people fairly - Helps spread christianity - orthodox christianity - very diverse - Women were treated better/ had more rights | 27 |
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AMSCO AP World History Chapter 14 Vocab Flashcards
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| 15815596244 | Great Sun | In the Mississippian culture, the chief who ruled each large town and stood at the top of the class structure. | 0 | |
| 15815596245 | Toltec | Civilization in Mesoamerica that lasted from roughly 950-1100 CE. They established a capital at Tula following migration into the central Mesoamerican plateau, and are known for their strong militaristic ethic. | 1 | |
| 15815596246 | Aztec | An empire that served as a successor state to the Toltecs that developed in what is now the Lake Texcoco region between 1200-1529 CE. Was formed by hunter-gatherers from the north who migrated into central Mexico. They're best known for their impressive capital city Tenochtitlan on Lake Texcoco and their frequent use of human sacrifice. | 2 | |
| 15815596247 | tribute system | A system used by the Aztecs to exert short-term dominance in which conquered peoples were forced to pay tribute, perform military service, and surrender lands. | 3 | |
| 15815596249 | Inca | A large empire in the Andes that stretched from modern-day Peru to modern-day northern Chile which lasted from roughly 1100-1572 CE. It's best known for its labor system, its agrarian economy, and extensive road system. |  | 4 |
| 15815596250 | Pachacuti | The son of a local tribal ruler that conquered the Chanca people and assumed control from his father in 1438 CE, giving himself this name, meaning "shaker of the earth." His military victories transformed the Inca into a full-fledged empire. |  | 5 |
| 15815596253 | Cahokia | The largest town of the Mississippian civilization, located in modern-day Illinois. At its peak in 1250 CE, 40,000 people lived there; it was mainly a trading city. |  | 6 |
| 15815596260 | matrilineal society | A society in which one's social standing was determined by the woman's side of the family. | 7 | |
| 15815596262 | Quetzalcoatl | The Mayan and Aztec god of wind and knowledge, often depicted as a feathered serpent; one of the primary gods of the Mayan/Aztec pantheon. |  | 8 |
| 15815596264 | human sacrifice | The act of killing one or more humans, usually as an offering to a deity, as part of a ritual. |  | 9 |
| 15815596265 | Quechua | The native language of the Inca, and a language still spoken by the native peoples of Peru. | 10 | |
| 15815596269 | quipu | A system of knotted strings used by the Inca to record numerical information for trade and engineering and for recording messages to be sent throughout the empire. |  | 11 |
| 15815596270 | waru waru | Raised agriculture beds used by the Inca with channels that captured and redirected rain to avoid erosion during floods and store water during dry periods. |  | 12 |
| 15815596271 | pochteca | A special merchant class in the Aztec Empire that traded in luxury goods. They stood below the land-owning nobles, scribes, craftspeople/traders, and above peasants and soldiers. | 13 | |
| 15815600134 | Chichen Itza | an ancient Mayan city located on the Yucatan Peninsula | 14 |
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