AP World History Period 1 Flashcards
From Hunting and Gathering to Civilizations, 2.5 million-1000 B.C.E.: Origins
Original from MrsBHatchTEACHER
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| 10689338806 | hunting and gathering | Means of obtaining subsistence by humans before the mastery of sedentary agriculture; normally typical of tribal social organization |  | 0 |
| 10689338807 | civilization | Societies with reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, along with merchant and manufacturing groups | 1 | |
| 10689338808 | neolithic | The New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished |  | 2 |
| 10689338809 | nomadic societies | livestock hearding societies that do not have a permanent settlement. normally found on the fringes of civilized (urban) societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies |  | 3 |
| 10689338810 | culture | Combination of ideas, objects, and patterns of behavior that result from human social interaction |  | 4 |
| 10689338811 | agrarian revolution | Occurred between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture |  | 5 |
| 10689338812 | pastoralism | A nomadic agricultural lifestyle based on herding domesticated animals; tended to produce independent people capable of challenging sedentary agricultural societies |  | 6 |
| 10689338813 | Catal Huyuk | Early urban culture/civiization based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification |  | 7 |
| 10689338814 | Bronze Age | From 4000 to 3000 B.C.E.; increased use of plow, metalworking; development of wheeled vehicles, writing |  | 8 |
| 10689338815 | Mesopotamia | Literally "between the rivers"; the civilization that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys |  | 9 |
| 10689338816 | potter's wheel | A technological advance in pottery making; invented circa 6000 B.C.E.; encouraged faster and higher-quality ceramic pottery products |  | 10 |
| 10689338817 | Sumerians | People who migrated into Mesopotamia circa 4000 B.C.E.; created the first civilization within the region; organized area into city-states |  | 11 |
| 10689338818 | cuneiform | A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets |  | 12 |
| 10689338819 | city-state | A form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilization; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king |  | 13 |
| 10689338820 | ziggurat | a massive tower building usually associated with Mesopotamian temple connections |  | 14 |
| 10689338821 | Babylonian Empire | Unified all of Mesopotamia circa 1800 B.C.E.; collapsed due to foreign invasion circa 1600 B.C.E. |  | 15 |
| 10689338822 | Hammurabi | The most important Babylonian ruler; responsible for codification of the law |  | 16 |
| 10689338823 | Pharaoh | The term used to denote the kings of ancient Egypt; the term, "great house" refers to the palace of the pharaohs |  | 17 |
| 10689338824 | pyramids | Monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs |  | 18 |
| 10689338825 | hieroglyphs | Form of writing developed in ancient Egypt; more pictorial than Mesopotamian cuneiform |  | 19 |
| 10689338826 | Kush | African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile circa 1000 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries | 20 | |
| 10689338827 | monotheism | The exclusive worship of one god; introduced by Jews into Middle Eastern civilization |  | 21 |
| 10689338828 | Phoenicians | Seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean |  | 22 |
| 10689338829 | Harappa and Mohenjo Daro | Major urban complexes of Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern |  | 23 |
| 10689338830 | Aryans | Indo-European nomadic, warlike, pastorialists who replaced Harappan civilization |  | 24 |
| 10689338831 | Huanghe (Yellow) River Basin | Site of the development of sedentary agriculture in China |  | 25 |
| 10689338832 | Shang | 1st Chinese dynasty (after the legendary Xia) |  | 26 |
| 10689338833 | Oracles | Shamans or priests in Chinese society who foretold the future through interpreting animal bones cracked by heat; inscriptions on bones led to Chinese writing |  | 27 |
| 10689338834 | ideographic writing | Pictograph characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing | 28 | |
| 10689338835 | Big Geography | A term that draws attention to the global nature of world history. |  | 29 |
| 10689338836 | Paleolithic | The period that ended about 3,000 years after the end of the last Ice Age, it lasted until about 10,000 years ago. (Old Stone Age) The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates the Neolithic period. |  | 30 |
| 10689338837 | Human migration during Paleolithic era | movement of humans from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas | 31 | |
| 10689338838 | eglitarian | equality among people (no social levels) | 32 | |
| 10689338839 | tools | Humans developed a wider range of ____ specially adapted to different environments from tropics to tundra | 33 | |
| 10689338840 | Neolithic Revolution | period of change from hunter-gatherer lifesyle to agricultural lifestyles associated with domestication, farming, and settlement |  | 34 |
| 10689338841 | patriarchy | father based/male dominated society |  | 35 |
| 10689338842 | climatic change | Permanent agricultural villages emerged first in the lands of the eastern Mediterranean, possibly as a response to what? | 36 | |
| 10689338843 | weapons | Pastoralists were often the developers and disseminators of of ____ and forms of transportation that transformed warfare in agrarian civilizations | 37 | |
| 10689338844 | horses | name one mode of new transportation by the pastoralists | 38 | |
| 10689338845 | art | Elites, both political and religious, promoted ____. | 39 | |
| 10689338846 | record-keeping systems | ___ arose independently in all early civilization sand subsequently were diffused | 40 | |
| 10689338847 | Nile River | This river flooded regularly. |  | 41 |
| 10689338848 | Tigris River | This river's floods were unpredictable. |  | 42 |
| 10689338849 | Mesopotamian | Unpredictable weather patterns affected the development of the _____ civilization. | 43 | |
| 10689338850 | Egyptian | _______art demonstrated little change for nearly 1000 years. | 44 | |
| 10689338851 | Nubia and Kush | Kingdoms upriver from Egypt. | 45 | |
| 10689338854 | Standard of Ur |  | 46 | |
| 10689338855 | Harappan King or Priest Figure |  | 47 | |
| 10689338852 | Jericho | One of the earliest cities: located in modern Israel. |  | 48 |
| 10689338853 | Catal-Hyouk | One of the earliest cities: located in modern Turkey. | 49 | |
| 10689338856 | Homo Sapiens | 50 | ||
| 10689338857 | Hominid | 51 | ||
| 10689338858 | Neanderthal | 52 | ||
| 10689338859 | Entrepot | 53 | ||
| 10689338860 | Cultural Syncretism | 54 | ||
| 10689338861 | Presentism | 55 | ||
| 10689338862 | B.P. | 56 |
Flashcards
AP World History Period 2 Flashcards
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| 12349206931 | Alexander the Great | Leader of Macedon (356-323 B.C.E.), who conquered Persia and Egypt, creating an empire that merged several cultures. |  | 0 |
| 12349206932 | Ashoka | The most famous ruler of the Mauryan Empire (r. 268-232 B.C.E.), who promoted Buddhism and practiced religious tolerance. |  | 1 |
| 12349206933 | Chandragupta Mauyra | Founder of the Mauryan dynasty. Began centralization of power in S. Asia. | 2 | |
| 12349206934 | Caesar Augustus | The great-nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar who emerged as sole ruler of the Roman state at the end of an extended period of civil war (r. 31 B.C.E.-14 C.E.). |  | 3 |
| 12349206935 | Constantine | Roman emperor of the 4th century CE who legalized Christianity. | 4 | |
| 12349206936 | Cyrus (the Great) | Founder of the Achaemenid Empire (r. 557-530 B.C.E.); a ruler noted for his conquests, religious tolerance, and political moderation. |  | 5 |
| 12349206937 | Darius I | Achaemenid king (r. 522-486 B.C.E.) who expanded the Persian empire through military conquest and undertook building campaigns in Susa and Parsargaade. |  | 6 |
| 12349206938 | Gupta | Empire that promoted Hinduism and under which India entered a "golden age" of culture. | 7 | |
| 12349207020 | Mauryan Empire |  | 8 | |
| 12349206939 | Han dynasty | Chinese dynasty that restored unity in China, pacified the xiongnu, and set up the civil service exams to create competent bureaucrats to administer the empire. |  | 9 |
| 12349206940 | Hellenistic | The spread of Greek culture throughout Afro-Eurasia from 323 to 30 B.C.E by Alexander the Great and hsi political successors. |  | 10 |
| 12349206941 | Ptolemaic Empire | Dynasty of Egypt founded by descendants of Macedonian generals. They promoted science, greek learning, and trade. | 11 | |
| 12349206942 | Mandate of Heaven | The ideological underpinning of Chinese emperors, this was the belief that a ruler held authority by command of divine force as long as he ruled morally and benevolently. |  | 12 |
| 12349206943 | Patricians | Wealthy, privileged Romans who dominated early Roman society. | 13 | |
| 12349206944 | plebians | Members of the general citizenry of ancient Rome. It included all citizens not connected to one of Rome's privileged families. They had little real power. | 14 | |
| 12349206945 | Pax Romana | The "Roman peace," a term typically used to denote the stability and prosperity of the early Roman Empire, especially in the first and second centuries C.E. |  | 15 |
| 12349206946 | Peloponnesian War | Great war between Athens (and allies) and Sparta (and allies), lasting from 431 to 404 B.C.E. The conflict ended in the defeat of Athens and the closing of Athens's Golden Age. |  | 16 |
| 12349206947 | Persepolis | The capital and greatest palace-city of the Persian Empire, destroyed by Alexander the Great. |  | 17 |
| 12349206948 | Pataliputra | Located at the confluence of the Ganges and Son Rivers in northeastern India. It was the capital city of the Mauryan and Gupta empires. | 18 | |
| 12349206949 | Alexandria | An important center of the Hellenistic civilization best known for the Lighthouse and largest library in the ancient world | 19 | |
| 12349206950 | Appian Way (Via Appia) | One of the earliest and strategically most important Roman roads of the ancient republic | 20 | |
| 12349206951 | Samarkand | Important trading city that benefited from it's position along the silk roads. | 21 | |
| 12349206952 | Qin Dynasty | A short-lived (221-206 B.C.E.) but highly influential Chinese dynasty that succeeded in reuniting China at the end of the Warring States period. used Legalism as its base of belief. |  | 22 |
| 12349206953 | Qin Shihuangdi | Literally "first emperor" (r. 221-210 B.C.E.) forcibly united China and established a strong and repressive state. | 23 | |
| 12349206954 | Wudi | Han emperor (r. 141-86 B.C.E.) who began the Chinese civil service system by establishing an academy to train imperial bureaucrats. | 24 | |
| 12349206955 | Han Fei | Founder of legalism, a system justifying rule by a strong authority | 25 | |
| 12349206956 | Kong Fuzi | Chinese philosopher who promoted a system of social and political ethics emphasizing order, moderation, and reciprocity between superiors and subordinates. The Analects contains a collection of his sayings and dialogues compiled by disciples after his death. | 26 | |
| 12349206957 | Socrates | The first great Greek philosopher to turn rationalism toward questions of human existence (469-399 B.C.E.). | 27 | |
| 12349206958 | Aristotle | A Greek philosopher (384-322 B.C.E.) who stressed the importance of using empirical evidence to explain the natural world | 28 | |
| 12349206959 | Solon | Athenian statesman and lawmaker (fl. 594-560 B.C.E.) whose reforms led the Athenians toward democracy. | 29 | |
| 12349206960 | Plato | Philosopher who believed the wisest men should rule. He introduced the idea that human misery due to their not engaging properly with a class of entities he called forms, chief examples of which were Justice, Beauty, and Equality. | 30 | |
| 12349206961 | Bhagavad Gita | A great Hindu epic text, part of the much larger Mahabharata, which affirms the performance of caste duties as a path to religious liberation. | 31 | |
| 12349206962 | Brahmins | The priestly caste of India. | 32 | |
| 12349206963 | Buddhism | The cultural/religious tradition first enunciated by Siddhartha Gautama | 33 | |
| 12349206964 | Daoism | A Chinese philosophy/popular religion that advocates simplicity and understanding of the world of nature, founded by the legendary figure Laozi. | 34 | |
| 12349206965 | Filial piety | The honoring of one's ancestors and parents, a key element of Confucianism. | 35 | |
| 12349206966 | Hinduism | A word derived from outsiders to describe the vast diversity of indigenous Indian religious traditions. | 36 | |
| 12349206967 | Hippocrates | A very influential Greek medical theorist (ca. 460-ca. 370 B.C.E.); regarded as the father of medicine. | 37 | |
| 12349206968 | Jesus of Nazareth | The prophet/god of Christianity(ca. 4 B.C.E.-ca. 30 C.E.). | 38 | |
| 12349206969 | Paul | Follower of Jesus who helped spread Christianity by preaching to both Jews and non-Jews and speaking to large audiences throughout the Roman Empire. | 39 | |
| 12349206970 | Peter | One of the 12 Apostles who made Rome the center of Christianity and is known as the first pope. | 40 | |
| 12349206971 | Karma | In Hinduism, the determining factor of the level at which the individual is reincarnated, based on purity of action and fulfillment of duty in the prior existence. |  | 41 |
| 12349206972 | Laozi | A legendary Chinese philosopher of the sixth century B.C.E.; regarded as the founder of Daoism. | 42 | |
| 12349206973 | Legalism | A Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments. | 43 | |
| 12349206974 | Nirvana | The end goal of Buddhism, in which individual identity is "extinguished" into a state of serenity and great compassion. | 44 | |
| 12349206975 | Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) | The Indian prince turned ascetic (ca. 566-ca. 486 B.C.E.) who founded Buddhism. | 45 | |
| 12349206976 | Theravada | "The Teaching of the Elders," the early form of Buddhism according to which the Buddha as a wise teacher but not divine and which emphasizes withdrawal from earthly pleasures in order to achieve nirvana | 46 | |
| 12349206977 | Mahayana | A form of Buddhism popular in East Asia that | 47 | |
| 12349206978 | Upanishads | Indian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 and 400 B.C.E. | 48 | |
| 12349206979 | Vedas | The earliest religious texts of India, a collection of ancient poems, hymns, and rituals that were transmitted orally before being written down ca. 600 B.C.E. | 49 | |
| 12349206980 | Yin and Yang | Expression of the Chinese belief in the unity of opposites. | 50 | |
| 12349206981 | Zarathustra | A Persian prophet, traditionally dated to the sixth or seventh century B.C.E. (but perhaps much older), who founded Zoroastrianism. | 51 | |
| 12349206982 | Manichaeism | a syncretic religious system founded by a Persian claiming to be a prophet. It combined Gnostic Christianity, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, and various other elements, which included doctrines of light and darkness:; the need for an ascetic life to purify the soul; and the need for personal salvation from the divine force of goodness. | 52 | |
| 12349206983 | jati | social distinctions based on occupation, which became the main cell of social life in India. | 53 | |
| 12349206984 | Zoroastrianism | Persian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra. | 54 | |
| 12349206985 | helots | The dependent, semi-enslaved class of ancient Sparta whose social discontent prompted the militarization of Spartan society. | 55 | |
| 12349206986 | Pericles | A prominent and influential statesman of ancient Athens (ca. 495-429 B.C.E.); presided over Athens's Golden Age. | 56 | |
| 12349206987 | Sudra | Originally the lowest Indian social class of varna; regarded as servants of their social betters; eventually included peasant farmers | 57 | |
| 12349206988 | Untouchables | An Indian social class that emerged below the Sudras and whose members performed the most unclean and polluting work. | 58 | |
| 12349206989 | Vaisya | The Indian social class that was originally defined as farmers but eventually comprised merchants. | 59 | |
| 12349206990 | Silk Road | Trade route stretching from China into Europe. | 60 | |
| 12349206991 | Yellow Turban uprising | Chinese peasant uprising that weakened the Han Empire. Led by Zhang Jue, a Daoist faith healer who had gained numerous adherents during a widespread plague, the rebellion was directed against the tyrannical eunuchs who dominated the emperor. The rebels wore yellow headdresses to signify their association with the "earth" element, which they believed would succeed the red "fire" element that represented Han rule. | 61 | |
| 12349206992 | Spartacus Rebellion | One of the largest slave revolts in history. It was led by a Roman slave who was backed by thousands of other slaves. It demonstrates the weakness of having a labor system increasingly dependent on slavery. | 62 | |
| 12349206993 | Parthian | Empire in modern Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan. originally made of nomadic peoples from Central Asia . They were able to defend the region from the Romans. | 63 | |
| 12349206994 | Visigoths | Tribe who sacked Rome in the 5th century CE | 64 | |
| 12349206995 | Xiongnu | Central Asian tribe who harassed the early Chinese empires until they were occupied and pacified by the Han. | 65 | |
| 12349206996 | Diaspora | the dispersion of the Jews outside Israel | 66 | |
| 12349206997 | Reincarnation | In Hinduism and Buddhism, the process by which a soul is reborn continuously until it achieves perfect understanding | 67 | |
| 12349206998 | Caste System (Varnas) | a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society | 68 | |
| 12349206999 | Monotheism | belief in only one god | 69 | |
| 12349207000 | Polytheism | belief in more than one god | 70 | |
| 12349207001 | Filial Piety | In Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors. | 71 | |
| 12349207002 | Universal truths (dealing with belief systems) | truths common to all people and at the heart of the identity of all people | 72 | |
| 12349207003 | Monasticism | Living in a religious community apart from secular society and adhering to a rule stipulating chastity, obedience, and poverty. | 73 | |
| 12349207004 | Shamanism | The practice of identifying special individuals (shamans) who will interact with spirits for the benefit of the community. Characteristic of the Korean kingdoms of the early medieval period and of early societies of Central Asia. (p. 292) | 74 | |
| 12349207005 | Animism | Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life. | 75 | |
| 12349207006 | Ancestor Veneration | The practice of praying to your ancestors. Found especially in China. | 76 | |
| 12349207007 | Han Dynasty | imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time) from 206 BC to 221 and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy |  | 77 |
| 12349207008 | Zhou Dynasty | the longest lasting Chinese dynasty, during which the use of iron was introduced. | 78 | |
| 12349207009 | Hellenistic Era | the age of Alexander the Great; period when the Greek language and ideas were carried to the non-Greek world | | 79 |
| 12349207010 | Roman Empire | Existed from 27 BCE to about 400 CE. Conquiered entire Mediterranean coast and most of Europe. Ruled by an emperor. Eventually oversaw the rise and spread of Christianity. |  | 80 |
| 12349207011 | Syncretism | a blending of beliefs and practices from different religions into one faith | 81 | |
| 12349207012 | society | the aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community. | 82 | |
| 12349207013 | Stoicism | An ancient Greek philosophy that became popular among many notable Romans. Emphasis on ethics. They considered destructive emotions to be the result of errors in judgment, and that a wise person would repress emotions, especially negative ones and that "virtue is sufficient for happiness." They were also concerned with the conflict between free will and determinism. They were also non-dualists and naturalists. | 83 | |
| 12349207014 | Cicero | Rome's greatest public speaker; he argued against dictators and called for a representative government with limited powers | 84 | |
| 12349207015 | doctrine | (n.) a belief, principle, or teaching; a system of such beliefs or principles; a formulation of such beliefs or principles | 85 | |
| 12349207016 | Salvation | deliverance from ruin, acceptance into heaven, fulfillment of the principles of a religion | 86 | |
| 12349207017 | Asceticism | severe self-discipline and avoidance of all forms of indulgence, typically for religious reasons. | 87 | |
| 12349207018 | Oracle Bones | one of the animal bones or tortoise shells used by ancient Chinese priests to communicate with the gods, Shang dynasty | 88 | |
| 12349207019 | Diasporic communities | Widely dispersed community as a result of natural disaster, politics or other reasons. Many communities have become diasporic throughout time starting with the Jews of Babylon in ancient history | 89 |
AP Literature Fall 2018 Flashcards
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| 12075192512 | Allegory | A literary work in which characters, objects, or actions represent abstractions Ex: In Pilgrim's Progress, the protagonist, Christian, represents all Christians, and physical obstacles represent inner struggles | 0 | |
| 12075192513 | Alliteration | Repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words or accented syllables Ex: while i nodded, nearly napping | 1 | |
| 12075192514 | Allusion | Reference to something literary, historical, or mythological Biblical example - Reference to something as " the forbidden fruit" which alludes to Biblical Genesis story Examples: Historical - a reference to a person as a "Benedict Arnold" can indicate that someone is a traitor Classical -"The two knitting... Their eerie looks suggest they know what will happen" from Heart of Darkness refers to Fates of Greek mythology | 2 | |
| 12075192515 | Ambiguity | The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence or passage; e.g., "Because the poem was unclear, the class gave many interpretations regarding its central meaning." | 3 | |
| 12075192516 | Analepsis | This is a flashback. An earlier event that is inserted into the normal chronology of the narration. | 4 | |
| 12075192517 | Analogy | A comparison between two different things which are similar in some way By comparing conducting to politics, Igor Stravinsky helped non-musicians understand his feelings about orchestra conductors | 5 | |
| 12075192518 | Anaphora | The repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of consecutive lines or sentences Ex: We have petitioned; We have remonstrated; We have supplicated. | 6 | |
| 12075192519 | Apostrophe | The act of speaking in which a speaker directly addresses an absent person or personified quality, object, or idea. Ex: "O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory" | 7 | |
| 12075192520 | Archetype | An original model or type after which other similar things are patterned Ex: The sacrificial lamb or the "Christ" figure, the "epic hero" | 8 | |
| 12075192521 | Asyndeton | A syntactical structure in which conjunctions are omitted in a series, usually producing more rapid prose Ex: "Consciousness of place came ebbing back to him slowly over a vast tract of time unlit, unfelt, unlived..." | 9 | |
| 12075192522 | Blank Verse | Poetry usually written in unrhymed iambic pentameter (but can utilize other meter) | 10 | |
| 12075192523 | Catharsis | A purification of the emotions through experience of pity and fear gained from watching a tragedy, to emerge psychologically healthier. Ex: In a tragedy like The Crucible, the audience feels, not depressed, but profoundly touched by John Proctor's refusal to give in to the madness of the witch trials | 11 | |
| 12075192524 | Conceit | A fanciful, particularly clever extended metaphor Ex: Using an elaborate metaphor, Donne compares himself and his wife to the two legs of a compass, one staying in place while the other circles around and eventually joins it | 12 | |
| 12075192525 | Deus Ex Machina | Literally, "god from the machine", This is the circumstance where an implausible concept or divine character is introduced into a storyline for the purpose of resolving its conflict and procuring an interesting outcome Ex: The British navy arrives just in time to save Ralph in The Lord of the Flies In Beauty and the Beast, the beast seems to have died, but Belle's love saves the day and he returns to life | 13 | |
| 12075192526 | Double Entendre | A phrase or a figure of speech that has multiple interpretations. The first meaning is usually straightforward while the second meaning is ironic, risque, or inappropriate Ex: "Marriage is a fine institution, but I'm not ready for an institution" In Finding Nemo, the characters are told "Ok, everyone, think dirty thoughts!" | 14 | |
| 12075192527 | Elegy | A poem that mourns the death of a person or laments something lost | 15 | |
| 12075192528 | End Stopped Line | A poetic device in which a pause comes at the end of a syntactic unit (sentence, clause or phrase); this pause can expressed with a punctuation mark such a colon, semi-colon, period or full stop | 16 | |
| 12075192529 | Enjambment | Poetic device in which the writing moves over from one line to another without a termination punctuation mark or syntactical | 17 | |
| 12075192530 | Epiphany | A moment of sudden revelation or insight Ex: Toward the end of the lay, Othello suddenly realizes that he has been misled | 18 | |
| 12075192531 | Epistrophe | Repetition of the same word or pharse at the end of successive clauses (opposite of anaphora) Ex: I'll have my bond! Speak not against my bond! I have sworn an oath that I will have my bond! | 19 | |
| 12075192532 | Euphamism | An indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant Ex: In Victorian times, ladies were said to "glisten" rather than to "sweat" | 20 | |
| 12075192533 | Figurative Language | Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid | 21 | |
| 12075192534 | Forshadowing | Hints about what will follow in a plot | 22 | |
| 12075192535 | Frame Story | A story within a story Ex: Chauncer's Canterbury Tales, in which the primary tales are told within the "frame story" of the pilgrimage of Canterbury Titanic is also an example | 23 | |
| 12075192536 | Free Verse | Poetry that is free from limitations of regular meter (rhythm) and rhyme (no rhyme scheme and no meter) | 24 | |
| 12075192537 | Hamartia (Tragic Flaw) | A personal error in a protagonist's personality that brings about his tragic downfall Ex: Othello is easily mislead and ends up killing his wife and himself as a result | 25 | |
| 12075192538 | Hyperbole | Intentional exaggeration to created an effect | 26 | |
| 12075192539 | Idiom | An expression in a given language that cannot be understood from the literal meaning of the words in the expression Ex: jump the gun means to start too soon | 27 | |
| 12075192540 | Imagery | Concrete, sensory details which contribute to the themes or ideas of work | 28 | |
| 12075192541 | In Media Res | The technique of starting a story in the middle and then using a flashback to tell what happened earlier Ex: In Wuthering Heights, Bronte begins her story with Lockwood meeting a narrator who tells him the history of the people living in the house | 29 | |
| 12075192542 | Verbal Irony | The use of words to mean something different than what they appear to mean. | 30 | |
| 12075192543 | Situational Irony | The difference between what is expected to happen and what actually happens. | 31 | |
| 12075192544 | Dramatic Irony | When the audience is more aware of what is happening than a character. | 32 | |
| 12075192545 | Jargon | (Nerd talk) The specialized language or vocabulary of a particular group or profession. e.g., "alpha blockers and beta blockers" is used in the medical community. | 33 | |
| 12075192546 | Litote | A type of understatement in which something affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite Ex: My parents were not overjoyed when I came home 3 hours past my curfew | 34 | |
| 12075192547 | Metaphor | A direct comparison of two different things which suggests they are somehow the same | 35 | |
| 12075192548 | Metonymy | Physical object symbolizes something/someone associated with it; Substituting the name of one object for another object closely associated with it Ex: The White House issued a statement today | 36 | |
| 12075192549 | Octave | An eight-line stanza. Most commonly, octave refers to the first division of an Italian sonnet. | 37 | |
| 12075192550 | Ode | a long, lyrical poem, usually serious or meditative in nature | 38 | |
| 12075192551 | Onomatopoeia | The use of words that imitate sounds | 39 | |
| 12075192552 | Oxymoron | A figure of speech that combines 2 opposing or contradictory ideas Ex: Jumbo shrimp | 40 | |
| 12075192553 | Paradox | An apparently contradictory statement which actually contains some truth Ex: "I must be cruel only to be kind" | 41 | |
| 12075192554 | Parallelism | The repetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structure | 42 | |
| 12075192555 | Parody | A humorous imitation of a literary work, that exaggerates/distorts the characteristic features of the original Ex: Scary Movie of horror movies, The Colbert Report, which imitates Bill O'Reilly's show | 43 | |
| 12075192556 | Pathetic Fallacy | A kind of personification that gives human emotions to inanimate objects and nature Ex: The raging storm the night of King Duncan's murder in Macbeth | 44 | |
| 12075192557 | Personification | Endowing non-human objects or creatures with human qualities or characteristics; also, representing an abstract or non-human quality in human | 45 | |
| 12075192558 | Polysyndeton | The use, for rhetorical effect, of more conjunctions than is necessary or natural Ex: "Let the whitefolks have their money and power and segregation and sarcasm and big houses and schools and lawns like carpets, and books, and mostly--mostly--let them have their whiteness." | 46 | |
| 12075192559 | Prolepsis | This is a flash forward. A literary device in which a scene interrupts and takes the narrative forward in time from the current time in a story | 47 | |
| 12075192560 | Pun | A play on words in which a humorous effect is produced by using a word that suggests two or own meanings or by exploiting similar sounding words having different meaning Ex: I really wanted a camouflage shirt, but I couldn't find one. A horse is a very stable animal "I've now realised for the first time in my life the vital Importance of Being Earnest" (character's name is Jack Earnest) | 48 | |
| 12075192561 | Quatrain | a stanza or poem of four lines, usually with alternate rhymes. | 49 | |
| 12075192562 | Sarcasm | Harsh, cutting language/tone designed to ridicule Ex: "Asked if he like blue, Joel answered, 'No, I hate it. That's why I drive a blue car and wear mostly blue clothes.'" | 50 | |
| 12075192564 | Simile | Basic comparison using like or as | 51 | |
| 12075192565 | Soliliquy | Speech used in stage drama to express a character's thoughts without acknowledging the presence of any other person Ex: "To be or not to be" in Shakespeare's Hamlet | 52 | |
| 12075192566 | Sonnet | Poem composed of 14 lines and written in iambic pentameter | 53 | |
| 12075192567 | Synesthesia | Describing one kind of sensation in terms in another Ex: "loud color", "sweet sound" | 54 | |
| 12075192568 | Theme | Central message or insight into life revealed by a literary work | 55 | |
| 12075192569 | Tone | The writer's attitude toward his or her subject, characters, or audience (usually implied) Ex: Sardonic, apologetic, light-hearted, somber, etc. | 56 | |
| 12075192570 | Vernacular | The everyday speech of a particular country region, often involving nonstandard usage Ex: Beowulf was written in the vernacular Old English instead of standard Latin of the Roman Catholic | 57 | |
| 12075192572 | Volta (Turn) | A rhetorical shift or dramatic change in thought and/or emotion. Turns are seen in all types of written poetry and usually found at the beginning of a new stanza | 58 | |
| 12075290459 | Dialect | a variety of speech characterized by its own particular grammar or pronunciation, often associated with a particular geographical region e.g. "wee, sleekit, cowran" | 59 | |
| 12075325567 | Interior Monologue | a form of stream of consciousness which undertakes to present to the reader the exact presentation of the process of consciousness by converting them to a verbal equivalent | 60 | |
| 12075325568 | Juxtaposition | placing two elements side by side to present a comparison or contrast | 61 | |
| 12075369839 | Malapropism | the mistaken substitution of one word for another word that sounds similar | 62 | |
| 12075369840 | Simile | A figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things using like or as | 63 | |
| 12075369841 | Vernacular | The everyday speech of a particular country or region, often involving nonstandard usage | 64 | |
| 12162960209 | Marxism | Focus on economic power, materialism vs. spirituality, class conflict, bourgeoise vs. p | 65 | |
| 12166737070 | Feminist Lens | literary criticism that has us to look at text through the eyes of a feminist to closely analyze how women are portrayed and presented in comparison to men | 66 | |
| 12166737071 | Archetypical or Mythic | approach that looks at the traditional meanings of in literature. uses clues such as symbolism and imagery. relies on archetypes. | 67 | |
| 12166737072 | New Historicism | a method of literary criticism that emphasizes the historicity of a text by relating it to the configurations of power, society, or ideology in a given time. | 68 | |
| 12166737073 | Psychoanalytic (Freudian) | A literary criticism that focuses on a literary work as an expression in fictional form of the inner workings of the human mind (the subconscious) | 69 |
Flashcards
AP Vocab Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 9379866137 | ab | from (by) | 0 | |
| 9379867073 | ac | and | 1 | |
| 9379867074 | ad | to | 2 | |
| 9379867764 | aut | but (or) | 3 | |
| 9379868497 | cum | with, when | 4 | |
| 9379870047 | dāre | to give | 5 | |
| 9379871140 | et | and | 6 | |
| 9379871141 | hic | this | 7 | |
| 9379872358 | ille | that | 8 | |
| 9379872359 | in | in | 9 | |
| 9379872976 | ipse | himself | 10 | |
| 9379873654 | magnus | great | 11 | |
| 9379874407 | neque | and not | 12 | |
| 9379874408 | non | not | 13 | |
| 9379875124 | omnis | all | 14 | |
| 9379878199 | per | through | 15 | |
| 9379879829 | que | and | 16 | |
| 9379879830 | qui | who | 17 | |
| 9379880966 | esse | to be | 18 | |
| 9379880967 | si | if | 19 | |
| 9379881853 | videre | to see | 20 | |
| 9379883558 | altus | high | 21 | |
| 9379883559 | animus | spirit | 22 | |
| 9379884300 | arma | weapons | 23 | |
| 9379885487 | deus | god | 24 | |
| 9379885488 | dicere | to say | 25 | |
| 9379886152 | ego | I | 26 | |
| 9379888114 | ferre | to bring | 27 | |
| 9379888981 | iam | now | 28 | |
| 9379891480 | ignis | fire | 29 | |
| 9379892370 | ne | lest (that not) | 30 | |
| 9379893253 | -ne | question | 31 | |
| 9379893733 | nunc | now | 32 | |
| 9379894700 | primus | first | 33 | |
| 9379895314 | quis | who | 34 | |
| 9379895315 | sed | but | 35 | |
| 9379896011 | sic | thus | 36 | |
| 9379896012 | talis | such | 37 | |
| 9379896818 | terra | earth | 38 | |
| 9379896819 | tu | you | 39 | |
| 9379897332 | tum | then | 40 | |
| 9379898279 | urbs | city | 41 | |
| 9379898280 | vir | man | 42 | |
| 9379898565 | bellum | war | 43 | |
| 9379898566 | castra | camp | 44 | |
| 9379898567 | civitas | state | 45 | |
| 9379899220 | consilium | council | 46 | |
| 9379901388 | de | from (of) | 47 | |
| 9379902029 | dies | day | 48 | |
| 9379903059 | ex | from | 49 | |
| 9379903870 | facere | to make | 50 | |
| 9379903871 | fines | borders | 51 | |
| 9379904460 | fieri | to be made | 52 | |
| 9379905595 | Gallia | Gaul | 53 | |
| 9379905889 | habere | to have | 54 | |
| 9379906597 | Helvetius | Helvetian | 55 | |
| 9379906598 | hiberna | winter camps | 56 | |
| 9379907057 | homo | human | 57 | |
| 9379907667 | hostis | enemy | 58 | |
| 9379907668 | idem | the same | 59 | |
| 9379908687 | inter | between | 60 | |
| 9379908688 | is | it | 61 | |
| 9379911431 | iter | journey | 62 | |
| 9379911432 | iubere | to order | 63 | |
| 9379912184 | legatus | lieutenant | 64 | |
| 9379913329 | legio | legion | 65 | |
| 9379913330 | locus | place | 66 | |
| 9379914099 | miles | soldier | 67 | |
| 9379914100 | mittere | to send | 68 | |
| 9380265570 | multitudo | crowd | 69 | |
| 9380266284 | navis | ship | 70 | |
| 9380266285 | noster | our | 71 | |
| 9380266948 | pars | part | 72 | |
| 9380268253 | posse | to be able | 73 | |
| 9380270161 | pro | before | 74 | |
| 9380272060 | proelium | battle | 75 | |
| 9380272061 | quod | because | 76 | |
| 9380272985 | reliquus | remaining | 77 | |
| 9380273847 | res | thing | 78 | |
| 9380274797 | sui | himself | 79 | |
| 9380275658 | suus | his own | 80 | |
| 9380276730 | unus | one | 81 | |
| 9380276731 | ut | that | 82 | |
| 9380278207 | aliquis | someone | 83 | |
| 9380278208 | alius | other | 84 | |
| 9380279260 | amor | love | 85 | |
| 9380279261 | ante | before | 86 | |
| 9380282709 | arx | citadel | 87 | |
| 9380285245 | aspicere | to look at | 88 | |
| 9380287710 | caelum | sky | 89 | |
| 9380289187 | caput | head | 90 | |
| 9380289850 | circum | around | 91 | |
| 9380290757 | corpis | body | 92 | |
| 9380291537 | dexter | right | 93 | |
| 9380292169 | ducere | to lead | 94 | |
| 9380293042 | ire | to go | 95 | |
| 9380294994 | errare | to wander | 96 | |
| 9380297735 | fama | rumor | 97 | |
| 9380299272 | fatum | fate | 98 | |
| 9380300291 | fluctus | wave | 99 | |
| 9380301426 | fari | to speak | 100 | |
| 9380302806 | gens | type | 101 | |
| 9380303496 | ingens | huge | 102 | |
| 9380304644 | ira | anger | 103 | |
| 9380305472 | Italia | Italy | 104 | |
| 9380305473 | labor | work | 105 | |
| 9380306996 | latus | wide | 106 | |
| 9380307724 | litus | shore | 107 | |
| 9380309039 | manus | hand | 108 | |
| 9380309040 | medius | middle | 109 | |
| 9380310019 | meus | mine | 110 | |
| 9380311642 | multus | many | 111 | |
| 9380311643 | oculus | eye | 112 | |
| 9380313040 | os | mouth | 113 | |
| 9380313886 | pater | father | 114 | |
| 9380316188 | pectus | chest | 115 | |
| 9380317015 | petere | to seek | 116 | |
| 9380317778 | regina | queen | 117 | |
| 9380319295 | regnum | kingdom | 118 | |
| 9380321134 | saxum | rock | 119 | |
| 9380322001 | sub | under | 120 | |
| 9380323146 | summus | highest | 121 | |
| 9380323909 | tantus | so great | 122 | |
| 9380324860 | tenere | to hold | 123 | |
| 9380326320 | Troia | Troy | 124 | |
| 9380326321 | tuus | your | 125 | |
| 9380327178 | ubi | where, when | 126 | |
| 9380328697 | umbra | ghost | 127 | |
| 9380329689 | unda | wave | 128 | |
| 9380330610 | venire | to come | 129 | |
| 9380331594 | ventus | wind | 130 | |
| 9380332990 | accidere | to happen | 131 | |
| 9380333721 | accipere | to receive | 132 | |
| 9380337181 | alter | another | 133 | |
| 9380338024 | annus | year | 134 | |
| 9380340314 | arbitrari | to think | 135 | |
| 9380342160 | capere | to take | 136 | |
| 9380343384 | causa | cause | 137 | |
| 9380369419 | coepisse | to have begun | 138 | |
| 9380369420 | cognoscere | to learn | 139 | |
| 9380370459 | cogere | to collect | 140 | |
| 9380372360 | conicere | to throw | 141 | |
| 9380372361 | constitere | to establish | 142 | |
| 9380375064 | convenire | to come together | 143 | |
| 9380376066 | copia | supply | 144 | |
| 9380377831 | discedere | to depart | 145 | |
| 9380380491 | eques | horseman | 146 | |
| 9380381174 | exercitus | army | 147 | |
| 9380382366 | existimare | to think | 148 | |
| 9380383057 | facile | easily | 149 | |
| 9380383058 | flumen | river | 150 | |
| 9380383678 | frumentum | grain | 151 | |
| 9380383679 | genus | origin (kind) | 152 | |
| 9380393737 | Germani | Germans | 153 | |
| 9380396088 | gravis | serious | 154 | |
| 9380396089 | interficere | to kill | 155 | |
| 9380397359 | litterae | letter | 156 | |
| 9380397360 | longe | far | 157 | |
| 9380398651 | mille | thousand | 158 | |
| 9380398652 | mors | death | 159 | |
| 9380398653 | nihil | nothing | 160 | |
| 9380402128 | nox | night | 161 | |
| 9380403751 | nullus | no | 162 | |
| 9380403752 | numerus | number | 163 | |
| 9380405624 | ordo | rank | 164 | |
| 9380405625 | periculum | danger | 165 | |
| 9380406936 | persuadere | to persuade | 166 | |
| 9380406937 | populus | people | 167 | |
| 9380407878 | proficisci | to set out (to depart) | 168 | |
| 9380410084 | proximus | near | 169 | |
| 9380410759 | publicus | public | 170 | |
| 9380410760 | pugnare | to fight | 171 | |
| 9380411515 | quam | than | 172 | |
| 9380412951 | recipere | to receive | 173 | |
| 9380415085 | Rhenus | Rhine | 174 | |
| 9380415086 | salus | safety | 175 | |
| 9380415087 | superior | higher | 176 | |
| 9380416947 | tamen | however | 177 | |
| 9380416948 | telum | spear | 178 | |
| 9380416949 | tempus | time | 179 | |
| 9380417975 | uti | to use | 180 | |
| 9380418766 | vallum | palisade |  | 181 |
| 9380422906 | virtus | virtue (courage) | 182 | |
| 9380423738 | velle | to want | 183 | |
| 9380457115 | adstare | to stand by | 184 | |
| 9380457116 | abdere | to put away | 185 | |
| 9380458071 | abire | to go away | 186 | |
| 9380460656 | abluere | to wash away | 187 | |
| 9380461840 | abripere | to snatch away | 188 | |
| 9380464402 | abscondere | to hide away | 189 | |
| 9380464403 | absisere | to cease | 190 | |
| 9380465366 | abesse | to be absent | 191 | |
| 9380466429 | absumere | to waste | 192 | |
| 9380467397 | accedere | to approach | 193 | |
| 9380471102 | accingere | to surround | 194 | |
| 9380474096 | acies | edge | 195 | |
| 9380474121 | acutus | sharp | 196 | |
| 9380474853 | addere | to add | 197 | |
| 9380474854 | adire | to approach | 198 | |
| 9380475631 | adeo | to such an extent | 199 | |
| 9380477186 | adfatus | speech | 200 | |
| 9380478582 | monere | to warn | 201 | |
| 9380483610 | auster | south | 202 | |
| 9380484711 | avertere | to turn away | 203 | |
| 9380485788 | aura | breeze | 204 | |
| 9380486777 | audere | to dare | 205 | |
| 9380488005 | cunctus | entire | 206 | |
| 9380489125 | cura | care | 207 | |
| 9380489127 | cursus | course | 208 | |
| 9380491345 | aequor | sea | 209 | |
| 9380491347 | ara | altar | 210 | |
| 9380494547 | ater | black | 211 | |
| 9380495940 | agmen | line | 212 | |
| 9380496693 | campus | field | 213 | |
| 9380497456 | cernere | to discern | 214 | |
| 9380497477 | classis | fleet | 215 | |
| 9380499556 | coniunx | spouse | 216 | |
| 9380499557 | comes | comrade | 217 | |
| 9380501317 | ferrum | iron | 218 | |
| 9380501318 | fessus | tired | 219 | |
| 9380502129 | finis | end | 220 | |
| 9380502130 | flamma | flame | 221 | |
| 9380503022 | fortuna | chance (fortune) | 222 | |
| 9380503023 | fuga | flight | 223 | |
| 9380503941 | fugere | to flee | 224 | |
| 9380505472 | eripio | to snatch from | 225 | |
| 9380505473 | equus | horse | 226 | |
| 9380507174 | divus | divine | 227 | |
| 9380507175 | donum | gift | 228 | |
| 9380508142 | domus | house | 229 | |
| 9380509665 | dum | while | 230 | |
| 9380509666 | fundere | to pour | 231 | |
| 9380510420 | furere | to rage | 232 | |
| 9380511203 | futurus | about to be | 233 | |
| 9380512740 | harena | sand | 234 | |
| 9380513565 | hinc | from this place | 235 | |
| 9380513581 | imus | lowest of | 236 | |
| 9380514892 | imperium | power | 237 | |
| 9380514893 | immanis | immense | 238 | |
| 9380516130 | honor | honor | 239 | |
| 9380516865 | huc | to this place | 240 | |
| 9380518333 | infelix | unfortunate | 241 | |
| 9380520897 | moenia | walls | 242 | |
| 9380520898 | mons | mountain | 243 | |
| 9380522064 | movere | to move | 244 | |
| 9380523303 | munus | duty | 245 | |
| 9380524157 | natus | child | 246 | |
| 9380525516 | miser | wretched | 247 | |
| 9380528255 | mare | sea | 248 | |
| 9380530904 | manere | to remain | 249 | |
| 9380532727 | maior | greater | 250 | |
| 9380533681 | lux | light | 251 | |
| 9380535689 | lacrima | tear | 252 | |
| 9380535690 | laetus | happy | 253 | |
| 9380537063 | limen | doorway | 254 | |
| 9380537064 | nomen | name | 255 | |
| 9380537969 | novus | new | 256 | |
| 9380539529 | numen | divine power | 257 | |
| 9380547365 | pes | foot | 258 | |
| 9380547366 | pelagus | sea | 259 | |
| 9380549502 | parare | to prepare | 260 | |
| 9380550527 | plurimi | many | 261 | |
| 9380550528 | poena | punishment | 262 | |
| 9380551695 | portus | port | 263 | |
| 9380553070 | procul | from afar | 264 | |
| 9380553071 | sanguis | blood | 265 | |
| 9380553853 | sedes | seat | 266 | |
| 9380555957 | secutus | follow | 267 | |
| 9380555958 | servare | to save | 268 | |
| 9380557216 | sidus | star | 269 | |
| 9380557217 | silva | woods | 270 | |
| 9380558183 | sacer | sacred | 271 | |
| 9380558184 | ruere | to rush | 272 | |
| 9380559233 | rex | king | 273 | |
| 9380559234 | remus | oar | 274 | |
| 9380560398 | relinquere | to leave | 275 | |
| 9380563824 | puppis | ship deck | 276 | |
| 9380567542 | quaerere | to seek | 277 | |
| 9380569956 | quondam | ever | 278 | |
| 9380569957 | simul | together | 279 | |
| 9380571704 | socius | comrade | 280 | |
| 9380572508 | solus | alone | 281 | |
| 9380572509 | somnus | sleep | 282 | |
| 9380572510 | stare | to stand | 283 | |
| 9380579917 | subire | to undergo | 284 | |
| 9380581303 | Teucrus | Trojan | 285 | |
| 9380582526 | tendere | to stretch | 286 | |
| 9380583508 | tellum | weapon | 287 | |
| 9380583509 | tellus | land | 288 | |
| 9380584486 | tectum | roof | 289 | |
| 9380585704 | tandem | finally | 290 | |
| 9380585705 | surgere | to arise | 291 | |
| 9380586785 | super | above | 292 | |
| 9380589418 | tollere | to destroy (to raise) | 293 | |
| 9380590604 | totus | total | 294 | |
| 9380590605 | trahere | to drag | 295 | |
| 9380591637 | tristis | sad | 296 | |
| 9380592547 | ullus | any | 297 | |
| 9380592548 | vis | violence | 298 | |
| 9380593853 | volvere | to revolve | 299 | |
| 9380594731 | vox | voice | 300 | |
| 9380594732 | vos | you | 301 | |
| 9380596077 | vita | life | 302 | |
| 9380596078 | umerus | shoulder | 303 | |
| 9380597574 | vastus | enormous | 304 | |
| 9380598253 | vates | seer | 305 | |
| 9380599580 | vel | or | 306 | |
| 9380599581 | velum | sail | 307 | |
| 9380601844 | via | way | 308 | |
| 9380601861 | victor | victor | 309 | |
| 9380602638 | vincere | to conquer | 310 | |
| 9380603602 | vires | strength | 311 |
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