Psychology By David Myers 10th Edition Chapter 6 Flashcards
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| 11762382912 | Sensation | The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment. (p. 218) | 0 | |
| 11762382913 | Perception | The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events. (p. 218) | 1 | |
| 11762382914 | Bottom-up Processing | Analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information. (p. 218) | 2 | |
| 11762382915 | Top-down Processing | Information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations. (p. 218) | 3 | |
| 11762382916 | Transduction | Conversion of one form of energy into another. In sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds, and smells, into neural impulses our brain can interpret. (p. 218) | 4 | |
| 11762382917 | Psychophysics | The study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them. (p. 218) | 5 | |
| 11762382918 | Absolute Threshold | The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time. (p. 219) | 6 | |
| 11762382919 | Signal Detection Theory | A theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise). Assumes there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a person's experience, expectations, motivation, and alertness. (p. 219) Example after watching horror movie alone at home... | 7 | |
| 11762382920 | Subliminal | Below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness. (p. 219) | 8 | |
| 11762382921 | Priming | the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response. (p. 219) | 9 | |
| 11762382922 | Difference Threshold | The minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time. We experience the difference threshold as a just noticeable difference (or jnd). (p. 220) | 10 | |
| 11762382923 | Weber's Law | The principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage (rather than a constant amount). (p. 221) | 11 | |
| 11762530385 | Lee experiment | Invited bar patrons, researchers added a few drops of vinegar to brand beer found that they perfected it unless they we told it had vinegar | 12 | |
| 11762382924 | Sensory Adaptation | Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation. (p. 222) | 13 | |
| 11762382925 | Perceptual Set | A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another. (p. 223) | 14 | |
| 11762382926 | Wavelength | The distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next. Electromagnetic wavelengths vary from the short blips of cosmic rays to the long pulses of radio transmission. (p. 227) | 15 | |
| 11762628253 | relationship between wavelength and frequency | Indirect As wavelength gets shorter the higher the frequency —> blue As wavelengths get longer, lower frequency —> red | 16 | |
| 11762628254 | Amplitude | Height of a wave | 17 | |
| 11762628255 | Relationship between amplitude and intensity | High amplitude—->> bright Low, full | 18 | |
| 11762382927 | Hue | The dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light; what we know as the color names blue, green, and so forth. (p. 227) | 19 | |
| 11762382928 | Intensity | The amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the wave's amplitude. (p. 227) | 20 | |
| 11762530389 | Draw the eye |  | 21 | |
| 11762382929 | Pupil | The adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters. (p. 228) | 22 | |
| 11762382930 | Iris | A ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening. (p. 228) | 23 | |
| 11762382931 | Lens | The transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina. (p. 229) | 24 | |
| 11762382932 | Retina | The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information. (p. 229) | 25 | |
| 11762382933 | Accommodation | Adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information. (p. 174) | 26 | |
| 11762382934 | Rods | Retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond. (p. 228) | 27 | |
| 11762382935 | Cones | Retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. The cones detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations. (p. 228) | 28 | |
| 11762382936 | Optic Nerve | The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain. (p. 229) | 29 | |
| 11762382937 | Blind Spot | The point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a "blind" spot because no receptor cells are located there. (p. 229) | 30 | |
| 11762382938 | Fovea | The central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster. (p. 229) | 31 | |
| 11762382939 | Feature Detectors | Nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement. (p. 231) | 32 | |
| 11762382940 | Parallel Processing | The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving. (p. 231) | 33 | |
| 11762382941 | Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic (three - color) Theory | The theory that the retina contains three different color receptors—one most sensitive to red, one to green, one to blue—which, when stimulated in combination, can produce the perception of any color. (p. 233) | 34 | |
| 11762971810 | Color blindness | Color deficient You lack color sensitive cones, missed certain wavelengths of light | 35 | |
| 11762971811 | Addative Colors | Pigments dealing with light, adding wavelengths, green+blue+red=white light | 36 | |
| 11762971812 | Subtractive | Subtracts wavelengths from what's reflected, blue -magenta= dark blue Yellow+blue=green | 37 | |
| 11762382942 | Opponent-process Theory | The theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision. For example, some cells are stimulated by green and inhibited by red; others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green. (p. 234) | 38 | |
| 11762382943 | Gestalt | An organized whole. Gestalt psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes. (p. 234) | 39 | |
| 11762382944 | Figure-ground | the organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground). (p. 235) | 40 | |
| 11762382945 | Grouping | The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups. (p. 235) | 41 | |
| 11762382946 | Depth Perception | The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance. (p. 236) | 42 | |
| 11762382947 | Visual Cliff | A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals. (p. 236) | 43 | |
| 11762382948 | Binocular Cues | Depth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depend on the use of two eyes. (p. 237) | 44 | |
| 11762382949 | Retinal Disparity | A binocular cue for perceiving depth: By comparing images from the retinas in the two eyes, the brain computes distance— the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the object. (p. 237) | 45 | |
| 11762382950 | Monocular Cues | Depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone. (p. 238) | 46 | |
| 11762382951 | Phi Phenomenon | An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession. (p. 239) | 47 | |
| 11762382952 | Perceptual Constancy | Perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent shapes, size, brightness, and color) even as illumination and retinal images change. (p. 239) | 48 | |
| 11762382953 | Color Constancy | Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object. (p. 239) | 49 | |
| 11762382954 | Perceptual Adaptation | In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field. (p. 243) | 50 | |
| 11762382955 | Audition | The sense or act of hearing. (p. 243) | 51 | |
| 11762382956 | Frequency | The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time (for example, per second). (p. 244) | 52 | |
| 11762382957 | Pitch | A tone's experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency. (p. 244) | 53 | |
| 11762971813 | 3 bones of the inner ear | hammer, anvil, stirrup | 54 | |
| 11762382958 | Middle Ear | The chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window. (p. 244) | 55 | |
| 11762382959 | Cochlea [KOHK-lee - uh] | A coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear; sound waves traveling through the cochlear fluid trigger nerve impulses. (p. 244) | 56 | |
| 11762382960 | Inner Ear | The innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs. (p. 244) | 57 | |
| 11762382961 | Sensorineural Hearing Loss | Hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness. (p. 244) | 58 | |
| 11762382962 | Conduction Hearing Loss | Hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea. (p. 244) | 59 | |
| 11762382963 | Cochlear Implant | A device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea. (p. 246) | 60 | |
| 11762382964 | Place Theory | In hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated. (p. 247) | 61 | |
| 11762382965 | Frequency Theory | In hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch. (p. 247) | 62 | |
| 11762382966 | Gate-control Theory | the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The "gate" is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in larger fibers or by information coming from the brain. (p. 250) Example television when getting a tattoo | 63 | |
| 11762382967 | Sensory Interaction | The principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste. (p. 253) | 64 | |
| 11762382968 | Embodied Cognition | In psychological science, the influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgments. (p. 254) | 65 | |
| 11762382969 | Kinesthesis [kin-ehs-THEE-sehs] | The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts. (p. 257) | 66 | |
| 11762382970 | Vestibular Sense | The sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance. (p. 258) | 67 | |
| 11762382971 | Extrasensory Perception (ESP) | the controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; includes telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition. (p. 259) | 68 | |
| 11762382972 | Parapsychology | The study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis. (p. 259) | 69 | |
| 11762530386 | Near sighted | You see near items clearly but distant objects would be out of focus Light hits our lens and we see upside down and our brain flips it | 70 | |
| 11762628256 | Why do we see color? | light waves are reflected from objects to your eyes | 71 | |
| 11762971814 | volley theory | Groups of neural cells fire on alternating cycle, allow us to detect, heat impulses a thousand per second | 72 | |
| 11762971815 | touch | Skin sensation Pressure Warmth Pain Cold | 73 | |
| 11762971816 | Taste five basic sensations | Sweet Sour Salty Bitter Umami | 74 | |
| 11762971817 | Taste | Chemical sense triggered and signals are sent by tastebuds on tougher(pores with hairs some respond to sweet and some to sour) | 75 | |
| 11762971818 | Sense of taste does not work if... | Tongue is not wet | 76 | |
| 11762971819 | Synesthesia | All different types, when stimulation of one modality leads to a perceptual fell from another | 77 | |
| 11762971820 | Types of Synesthesia | - Grapheme ---> color a number has a color Chromosytheia- when a loud noise occurs you could see a burst of colors like loud sounds are red | 78 | |
| 11762971821 | body position | -Sense of where you are in space | 79 | |
| 11762971822 | body position senses | vestathesia and kinesthesia Sensing body position and movement of an individual body part | 80 | |
| 11762971823 | vestibular sense | Sense of body movement and position gets it from semicircular canal above cochlear | 81 |
AP Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 10546036626 | Virginia Company | A group of private investors that established the first permanent English settlement in America. | 0 | |
| 10546036627 | joint-stock company | A business in which investors share the company's profits and losses | 1 | |
| 10546036628 | Jamestown | 1607 - first permanent English settlement | 2 | |
| 10546036629 | John Rolfe | Married Pocahontas, eased tensions with Powhatan. Tobacco! | 3 | |
| 10546036630 | Mercantilism | Economic policy practiced by Great Britain where more goods are exported than imported | 4 | |
| 10546036631 | Virginia House of Burgesses | First representative government in the colonies | 5 | |
| 10546036632 | Indentured Servants | Person who worked for a specific number of years in exchange for passage to America | 6 | |
| 10546036633 | Mayflower Compact | An agreement that set a precedent for government based on the will of the people | 7 | |
| 10546036634 | Middle Passage | The journey of slaves from Africa to the America | 8 | |
| 10546036635 | Bacon's Rebellion | a series of attacks against the Indians in Virginia during the 17th century; result of land and high taxes | 9 | |
| 10546036636 | King Philip's War | A conflict between settlers and the Wampanoag tribe | 10 | |
| 10546036637 | Half-Way Covenant | This gave partial membership into the Puritan Church | 11 | |
| 10546090717 | Salem Witch Trials | In Massachusetts; resulted in wide spread hysteria, trials and deaths | 12 | |
| 10546090718 | Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | 1st written constitution in America | 13 | |
| 10546090719 | John Locke | Political philosopher who said government is based on a social contract with the people | 14 | |
| 10546109179 | Common sense | Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine encouraging colonists to join the fight for independence | 15 | |
| 10546109180 | Intolerable Acts | Harsh measures, including closing Boston Harbor, revoking the mass after the Boston Tea Party | 16 | |
| 10546109181 | Stamp Act | Placed a tax on printed documents | 17 | |
| 10724329992 | Treaty of Paris 1763 | Ended the French and Indian War | 18 | |
| 10724329993 | Proclamation of 1763 | Prohibited westward expansion beyond the Appalachian Mountains | 19 | |
| 10724329994 | Battle of Saratoga | Turning point of the American revolution because it persuaded the french to come to the old of the patriots | 20 | |
| 10724329995 | Yorktown | Battle that ended the American revolution with the surrender of British General Cornwallis | 21 | |
| 10724329996 | Treaty of Paris 1783 | Ended the American Revolution and gave Americans British Territory West to the Mississippi and from The Great Lakes to Florida | 22 | |
| 10724329997 | Articles of Confederation | 1st government of the U.S. states operated under this ; gave states most of the power. | 23 |
Flashcards
AP World History Terms Flashcards
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| 13719129360 | Neolithic Revolution | (10,000 - 8,000 BCE) The development of agriculture and the domestication of animals as a food source. This led to the development of permanent settlements and the start of civilization. | 0 | |
| 13719129361 | Paleolithic Age | (750,000 BCE - 10,000 B.C.E.) Old Stone Age. A period of time in human history characterized by the use of stone tools and the use of hunting and gathering as a food source. | 1 | |
| 13719129362 | Domestication | the taming of animals for human use, such as work or as food | 2 | |
| 13719129363 | Pastoralism | A type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter. | 3 | |
| 13719129364 | Agrarianism | a movement for equitable distribution of land and for agrarian reform | 4 | |
| 13719129365 | Cuneiform | The first form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets. | 5 | |
| 13719129366 | city-state | a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state. | 6 | |
| 13719129367 | Ziggurat | A rectangular tiered temple or terraced mound erected by the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians | 7 | |
| 13719129368 | Hieroglyphics | An ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds | 8 | |
| 13719129369 | egualitarian | promoting equal rights for all people | 9 | |
| 13719129370 | Mandate of Heaven | the belief that the Chinese king's right to rule came from the gods | 10 | |
| 13719129371 | Expansionism | A policy that calls for expanding a nation's boundaries. | 11 | |
| 13719129372 | Code of Hammurabi | the set of laws drawn up by Babylonian king Hammurabi dating to the 18th century BC, the earliest legal code known in its entirety | 12 | |
| 13719129373 | Varna System | system of social groups based on the Vedas that Hindus are born into; caste system | 13 | |
| 13719129374 | Vedic Religion | Religious belief system of Indo-European migrants to north India; involved animal sacrifice and elaborate ceremonies to ensure that all transitions in the natural world-day to night, or one season to the next proceeded smoothly. | 14 | |
| 13719129375 | Jainism | a religion founded in India in the sixth century BC, whose members believe that everything in the universe has a soul and therefore shouldn't be harmed. Mahavira founded this religion. | 15 | |
| 13719129376 | Acetism | Deliberate denial of happinesses and celibacy | 16 | |
| 13719129377 | Buddhism | the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth | 17 | |
| 13719129378 | Hinduism | A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms | 18 | |
| 13719129379 | Legalism | Chinese philosophy developed by Hanfeizi; taught that humans are naturally evil and therefore need to be ruled by harsh laws | 19 | |
| 13719129380 | Confucianism | A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct. | 20 | |
| 13719129381 | Daoism | Chinese religion that believes the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from 'the way' or 'path' of nature. | 21 | |
| 13719129382 | Scholar-gentry | The Chinese class of well-educated men from whom many bureaucrats were chosen. These people earned their position in society. | 22 | |
| 13719129383 | Meritocracy | a system in which promotion is based on individual ability or achievement | 23 | |
| 13719129384 | despotism | the exercise of absolute power, especially in a cruel and oppressive way. | 24 | |
| 13719129385 | Aristocracy | Group of the most wealthy and privileged | 25 | |
| 13719129386 | Oligarchy | A government ruled by a few powerful people | 26 | |
| 13719129387 | Hoplites | a heavily armed civilian foot soldier of ancient Greece. | 27 | |
| 13719129388 | Patriarchal | relating to a society in which men hold the greatest legal and moral authority | 28 | |
| 13719129389 | Matriarchal | relating to a social system in which the mother is head of the family | 29 | |
| 13719129390 | Democracy | A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them | 30 | |
| 13719129391 | Delion League | Anthenions and Greeks, along the Aegean Sea, who formed a confederacy against the Persians | 31 | |
| 13719129392 | Peloponnesian War | War between Athens and Spartan Alliances. The war was largely a consequence of Athenian imperialism in the Aegean region. It went on for over 20 years. Ultimately, Sparta prevailed but both were weakened sufficient to be soon conquered by Macedonians, later leading to the Hellenistic Empire and Alexander the Great. | 32 | |
| 13719129393 | Imperialism | A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. | 33 | |
| 13719129394 | Hellenistic Era | the time period following the death of Alexander during which Greek culture spread through the known world | 34 | |
| 13719129395 | Republic | A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws. | 35 | |
| 13719129396 | Patricians | The wealthy, hereditary aristocrats during the Roman era. | 36 | |
| 13719129397 | Plebians | Members of the lower class of Ancient Rome including farmers, merchants, artisans and traders | 37 | |
| 13719129398 | Senate | A council of representatives | 38 | |
| 13719129399 | Conflict of the Orders | was a political struggle between the Plebeians (commoners) and Patricians (aristocrats) of the ancient Roman Republic, in which the Plebeians sought political equality with the Patricians. | 39 | |
| 13719129400 | Pagan | a person holding religious beliefs other than those of the main world religions | 40 | |
| 13719129401 | patron/client relationship | In ancient Rome, a fundamental social relationship in which the patron—a wealthy and powerful individual—provided legal and economic protection and assistance to clients, men of lesser status and means, and in return the clients supported the political careers and economic interests of their patron. | 41 | |
| 13719129402 | Punic Wars | A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 B.C.); resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean. | 42 | |
| 13719129403 | Rubicon | A river in northern Italy that Julius Caesar crossed with his army, in violation of the orders of the leaders in Rome, who feared his power. A civil war followed, in which Caesar emerged ruler of Rome. It is also an expression for taking a dangerous step. | 43 | |
| 13719129404 | Christianity | A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior. | 44 | |
| 13719129405 | Indian Ocean Network | Silk Road of the ocean that connected area that the S.R. Didn't connect in Southern Asia. | 45 | |
| 13719129406 | Silk Road | Connected China, India, and the Middle East. Traded goods and helped to spread culture. | 46 | |
| 13719129407 | Kaaba | A black stone building in Mecca that is shaped like a cube and that is the most sacred Muslim pilgrim shrine. | 47 | |
| 13719129408 | debauchery | corruption; self-indulgence | 48 | |
| 13719129409 | Caliph | A supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government | 49 | |
| 13719129410 | Caliphate | Islamic empire ruled by those believed to be the successors to the Prophet Muhammad. | 50 | |
| 13719129411 | Islam | A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims. | 51 | |
| 13719129412 | The Quran | The holy book of Islam | 52 | |
| 13719129413 | Sharia Law | the system of Islamic law, based on varying degrees of interpretation of the Qu'ran | 53 | |
| 13719129414 | Hadith | The compiled work of the life and teachings of Muhammad. | 54 | |
| 13719129415 | Shia | the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad | 55 | |
| 13719129416 | Sunni | A branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad | 56 | |
| 13719129417 | Sufis | mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, & simple life | 57 | |
| 13719129418 | Manluks | Warlike tribe of Egypt that swept into Middle East to save it from the Mongols & Christians, last of the Christians were driven out in 1292 | 58 | |
| 13719129419 | Decentralization | Degree to which decision-making authority is given to lower levels in an organization's hierarchy. | 59 | |
| 13719129420 | Manorialism | Economic system during the Middle Ages that revolved around self-sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants shared the land. | 60 | |
| 13719129421 | Fuedalism | A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to a king in return for loyalty and military service | 61 | |
| 13719129422 | Serfdom | A type of labor commonly used in feudal systems in which the laborers work the land in return for protection but they are bound to the land and are not allowed to leave or to peruse their a new occupation. | 62 | |
| 13719129423 | Fief | land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service | 63 | |
| 13719129424 | Secular | Non-religious | 64 | |
| 13719129425 | Nonsecular | religious | 65 | |
| 13719129426 | Monasticism | The practice of living the life of a monks | 66 | |
| 13719129427 | schism | split | 67 | |
| 13719129428 | Crusades | A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia | 68 | |
| 13719129429 | Muslim | a follower of the religion of Islam | 69 | |
| 13719129430 | Civil Service Exam | In Imperial China starting in the Han dynasty, it was an exam based on Confucian teachings that was used to select people for various government service jobs in the nationwide administrative bureaucracy. | 70 | |
| 13719129431 | Neo-Confucianism | The Confucian response to Buddhism by taking Confucian and Buddhist beliefs and combining them into this. However, it is still very much Confucian in belief. | 71 | |
| 13719129432 | Power Vacuum | Government situation that leaves the door open for political change. The vacuum occurs when government is vulnerable/weak and possibly ready for change initiated by the people. | 72 | |
| 13719129433 | Coup d'etat | A sudden overthrow of the government by a small group | 73 | |
| 13719129434 | Ursurpation | the act of seizing power without legal right or authority | 74 | |
| 13719129435 | Olmecs | The first civilization to appear in Mexico. | 75 | |
| 13719129436 | Mayans | A Mesoamerican civilization of Central America and southern Mexico. Achievements include mathematics, architecture, and a 365 day a year calendar. They flourished between the 4th and 12th centuries C.E.. | 76 | |
| 13719129437 | Polytheistic | Believing in many gods and goddesses | 77 | |
| 13719129438 | tributary system | A system first established during the Han Dynasty to regulate contact with foreign powers. States and tribes beyond its borders sent envoys bearing gifts and received gifts in return. | 78 | |
| 13719129439 | Mita System | Incan system for payment of taxes with labor | 79 | |
| 13719129440 | Quipo | Recording devices used in the Inca Empire; a quipo usually consisted of colored thread or strings that recorded numeric and other values using knots | 80 | |
| 13719129441 | Berbers | a group of merchant people from northern Africa | 81 | |
| 13719129442 | Animism | Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life. | 82 | |
| 13719129443 | Griots | A West African storyteller | 83 | |
| 13719129444 | Sultanate | similar to a monarchy, but a government in which the supreme power is in the hands of a sultan (the head of a Muslim state); the sultan may be an absolute ruler or a sovereign with constitutionally limited authority. | 84 | |
| 13719129445 | Magna Carta | a document constituting a fundamental guarantee of rights and privileges. | 85 | |
| 13719129446 | Urbanization | An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements. | 86 | |
| 13719129447 | Bougeoisie | middle class | 87 | |
| 13719129448 | Proletariat | working class | 88 | |
| 13719129449 | Humanism | A belief that emphasizes faith and optimism in human potential and creativity | 89 | |
| 13719129450 | Vernacular | the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region. | 90 | |
| 13719129451 | Nationalism | A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country | 91 | |
| 13719129452 | Scholasticism | A medieval philosophical and theological system that tried to reconcile faith and reason | 92 | |
| 13719129453 | Protestant Reformation | A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches. | 93 | |
| 13719129454 | Predestination | the belief that what happens in human life has already been determined by some higher power | 94 | |
| 13719129455 | Heliocentric | A model of the solar system in which Earth and the other planets revolve around the sun | 95 | |
| 13719129456 | Geocentric | A model of the universe in which Earth is at the center of the revolving planets and stars. | 96 | |
| 13719129457 | deforestation | The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves. | 97 | |
| 13719129458 | confederation of states | group of states all independently run, but have a joint assembly to deal with foreign affairs | 98 | |
| 13719137173 | At a whole new world | 99 |
AP Language Vocabulary Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 11428364669 | accost | to approach and speak to first; to confront in a challenging or aggressive way | 0 | |
| 11428367867 | animadversion | a comment indicating strong criticism or disapproval | 1 | |
| 11428370814 | avid | desirous of something to the point of greed; intensely eager | 2 | |
| 11428380873 | brackish | having a salty taste and unpleasant to drink | 3 | |
| 11428383355 | celerity | swiftness, rapidity of motion or action | 4 | |
| 11428389951 | devious | (adj.) straying or wandering from a straight or direct course; done or acting in a shifty or underhanded way | 5 | |
| 11428392522 | gambit | (n.) in chess, an opening move that involves risk or sacrifice of a minor piece in order to gain a later advantage; any opening move of this type | 6 | |
| 11428394514 | halcyon | (n.) a legendary bird identified with the kingfisher; (adj.) of or relating to the halcyon; calm, peaceful; happy, golden; prosperous, affluent | 7 | |
| 11428397021 | histrionic | (adj.) pertaining to actors and their techniques; theatrical, artificial; melodramatic | 8 | |
| 11428400510 | incendiary | (adj.) deliberately setting or causing fires; designed to start fires; tending to stir up strife or rebellion; (n.) one who deliberately sets fires, arsonist; one who causes strife | 9 | |
| 11428403071 | maelstrom | (n.) a whirlpool of great size and violence; a situation resembling a whirlpool in violence and destruction | 10 | |
| 11428407406 | myopic | (adj.) nearsighted; lacking a broad, realistic view of a situation; lacking foresight or discernment | 11 | |
| 11428411186 | overt | (adj.) open, not hidden, expressed or revealed in a way that is easily recognized | 12 | |
| 11428413658 | pejorative | (adj.) tending to make worse; expressing disapproval or disparagement, derogatory, deprecatory, belittling | 13 | |
| 11428413659 | propriety | (n) the state of being proper, appropriateness; (pl) standards of what is proper or socially acceptable | 14 | |
| 11428415819 | sacrilege | improper or disrespectful treatment of something held sacred | 15 | |
| 11428419299 | summarily | (adv.) without delay or formality; briefly, concisely | 16 | |
| 11428419300 | suppliant | (adj.) asking humbly and earnestly; (n.) one who makes a request humbly and earnestly, a petitioner, suitor | 17 | |
| 11428422328 | talisman | (n.) an object that serves as a charm or is believed to confer magical powers, an amulet, fetish | 18 | |
| 11428424380 | undulate | (v.) to move in waves or with a wavelike motion; to have a wavelike appearance or form | 19 |
Flashcards
AP Language Vocab 1 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 14707884932 | ad hominem argument | argument that appeals to emotion rather than reason. | 0 | |
| 14707884933 | allegory | using story elements to represent an abstraction | 1 | |
| 14707884934 | alliteration | The repetition of sounds | 2 | |
| 14707884935 | allusion | something that is commonly known | 3 | |
| 14707884936 | ambiguity | The multiple meanings of a word | 4 | |
| 14707884937 | analogy | A similarity between two different things | 5 | |
| 14707884938 | antecedent | The word referred to by a pronoun. | 6 | |
| 14707884939 | antithesis | a contradiction of ideas | 7 | |
| 14707884940 | aphorism | statement that expresses a truth | 8 | |
| 14707884941 | apostrophe | addresses an absent person | 9 | |
| 14707884942 | atmosphere | The emotional mood created by a literary work | 10 | |
| 14707884943 | caricature | Subject's features are exaggerated | 11 |
ap language Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 9086189230 | lethargy | sluggish, lazy | 0 | |
| 9086191755 | recondite | hard to understand | 1 | |
| 9086199210 | conspicuous | standing out, obvious | 2 | |
| 9086209161 | archaic | ancient | 3 | |
| 9086214202 | imminent | about to happen | 4 | |
| 9086221821 | predator | one that preys or destroys | 5 | |
| 9086229177 | coalesce | to unit or fuse | 6 | |
| 9086233046 | exalt | to glorify | 7 | |
| 9086235675 | exult | to celebrate | 8 | |
| 9086240002 | extraneous | irrelevent | 9 | |
| 9086243598 | incantation | a chant | 10 | |
| 9086249517 | assuage | to sooth | 11 | |
| 9086252313 | insuperable | uncpable of being overcome or solve | 12 | |
| 9086263297 | assiduous | hard working | 13 | |
| 9086270097 | indulgent | yielding to desire | 14 | |
| 9086276536 | avarice | greed for money | 15 | |
| 9086279756 | squander | to waste | 16 | |
| 9086284618 | penurious | relating to great poverty | 17 | |
| 9086291772 | debunk | prove wrong | 18 | |
| 9086294680 | eccentric | a little kooky | 19 |
Flashcards
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