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AP World History: Latin American Revolution Flashcards
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| 9140636283 | Political causes of the Latin American revolution | - Power belongs to peninsulares and serve as visors, administrators, and judges. - Elaborate buerocracy. - Received huge salaries. - No history of self government. | 0 | |
| 9140636284 | Economic causes of the Latin American revolution | - European nations used mercantilism to gain wealth from their American colonies. - Switched from silver to cash crops. - Minor economy. - Sugar and coffee. | 1 | |
| 9140935288 | Social causes of the Latin American revolution | - Society of Casta system. - 16 social and racial categories. | 2 | |
| 9140935289 | Who were Peninsulares? | Held political power. | 3 | |
| 9140935290 | Who were Creoles? | - Economic power. - Majority of uprisings were led by creoles. - Plantation owners. | 4 | |
| 9140935291 | Who were Mestizos? | People of Indian and Spanish decent. | 5 | |
| 9140935292 | Who were Mulattos? | People of African and Spanish decent. | 6 | |
| 9140935293 | Who were slaves? | Mainly Indians and Africans. | 7 | |
| 9140935294 | Who were Caudillos? | - Military dictators. - Seized power. - Made few reforms for citizens. | 8 | |
| 9140935295 | Who was M. Hildalgo? | - A poor but well educated Catholic priest. - Used Enlightenment ideas to call for a revolution against Spain. - Led an army of 80,000 mestizos and Indians. - During the rebellion, Hidalgo was killed. | 9 | |
| 9140935296 | Who was S. Bolivar? | From 1811 to 1824, Venezuelan creole, Simone Bolivar led an army of revolutionaries against Spain. Helped create a nation of Gran Columbia, Peru, and Bolivia. | 10 | |
| 9140935297 | Who was Jose de San Martin? | - Argentinean Creole who led the independence of Argentina. - Helped create new nations of Argentina, Chile, and Peru. | 11 | |
| 9140935298 | What happened in 1821? | - Spain granted Mexico its independence. - A republic was formed. | 12 | |
| 9140935299 | What happened in 1807? | - Napoleon invaded the Iberian Peninsula. - He arrested the king of Spain. - The empire was beheaded. | 13 | |
| 9140935300 | What happened in 1816? | Independence of Argentina. | 14 | |
| 9140935301 | What happened in 1822? | - Independence of Brazil. - Brazil is bloodless. - Brazil was a monarchy until 1888. | 15 | |
| 9140935302 | Political effects of the Latin American revolution | - Becomes a monarchy. - Many new independent Latin American colonies. - Throughout Latin America, new democratic republic's were created. - Did not have history of self governance. - Many governments were unstable. | 16 | |
| 9140935303 | What were economic effects of the Latin American revolution? | - Economy remained a source of natural resources and cash crops. - British and United States' Capital started dominating Latin America because Latin America was dependent on the United States' protection from European nations. | 17 | |
| 9140935304 | Social effects of the Latin American revolution | - Brazil did not abolish slavery. - Creoles replaced Peninsulares. | 18 | |
| 9140935305 | What are the dates of the Latin American revolution? | 1810 to 1825. | 19 |
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ap world history chapter 13 key terms Flashcards
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| 12353066628 | Cortés | - (1485-1547) Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs in Mexico - allied with the various subject people of the Aztec Empire in launching a Spanish assualt on the Aztec empire |  | 0 |
| 12353066629 | the great dying | - the devastating demographic collapse of Native American societies (near extinction) - largely due to European and African diseases that the Native Americans weren't immune to | 1 | |
| 12353066630 | Doña Marina | - Aztec woman who became an interpreter for Hernán Cortés during his conquest of the Aztec empire - was Cortés' translator - played a part in helping Cortés conquer Aztec empire |  | 2 |
| 12353066631 | Columbian Exchange | - the enormous network of communication, migration, trade, disease, and the transfer of plants+animals from the Old World (Europe, Asia and Africa) to the New World (North and South America) and vice versa - after the voyages of Columbus - all generated by European colonial empires in the Americas | 3 | |
| 12353066632 | peninsulares | - people who were born in Spain, but living in the New World (the Americas) - highest class in colonial class system | 4 | |
| 12353066633 | mestizo | the term used by Spanish authorities to describe someone of mixed Native American and European descent | 5 | |
| 12353066634 | plantation complex | agricultural system based on African slavery that was used in Brazil, the Caribbean, and the southern colonies of North America. | 6 | |
| 12353066635 | mulattoes | a person of mixed African and European ancestry | 7 | |
| 12353066636 | settler colonies | - foreign people move into new region - colonies in which the colonizing people settled in large numbers, rather than simply spending relatively small numbers to exploit the region - particularly noteworthy were the British colonies in North America. | 8 | |
| 12353066637 | Siberia | - the remote, cold, and heavily forested eastern Russia - Asian part of Russia | 9 | |
| 12353066638 | yasak | - tribute that Russian authorities demanded from the natives of Siberia - was paid in cash or in kind | 10 | |
| 12353066639 | Qing dynasty empire | - (1644-1912) Chinese empire whose rulers were originally from Manchuria - brought Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Tibet under Chinese control - expanded territory of China | 11 | |
| 12353066640 | Mughal Empire | - an empire in India that was the product of Central Asian warriors who were Muslims in religion, Turkic in culture, and claimed descent from Chinggis Khan + Timur - Islamic empire in India - experienced a rare period of relative political unity | 12 | |
| 12353066641 | Akbar | - (r. 1556-1605) Mughal India's most famous emperor - acted deliberately to accommodate the Hindu majority into the Mughal Empire by imposing a policy of toleration - (since the main division within Mughal India was religious difference between Muslims and Hindus) |  | 13 |
| 12353066642 | Aurangzeb | - (r. 1658-1707) emperor who reversed Akbar's policy of accommodation and sought to impose Islamic supremacy - his religious policies antagonized Hindus and prompted various movements of opposition to the Mughals |  | 14 |
| 12353066643 | Ottoman Empire | - empire created by Turkic warrior groups; base area in northwestern Anatolia - was an Islamic state and was the "strong sword of Islam" | 15 | |
| 12353066644 | Constantinople | - a large and wealthy city that was the capital of the Byzantine empire - and later the Ottoman Empire captured it and renamed it Istanbul (which became the capital of the Ottoman Empire) | 16 | |
| 12353066645 | devshirme | annual practice by which the Ottoman Empire sent military to abduct boys (sons of their Christian subjects) who were then converted to Islam, and trained for either civil administration or military service in elite Janissary units (Janissaries are the elite infantry unit) | 17 | |
| 12353066646 | the little ice age and general crisis | - a period of unusually cool temperatures - spanned much of the early modern period - especially in the northern hemisphere | 18 |
AP World History Chapter 33 Flashcards
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| 9547176768 | Western Front | name given to the line of trenches which stretched from the English Channel across the battle fields of France and Belgium during WW1 | 0 | |
| 9547176769 | King Faisal | King of Saudi Arabia (1964-1975) who used oil revenue to increase industrialization and improve educational and medical facilities. He was assassinated by his nephew. | 1 | |
| 9547176770 | Theodore Herzl | 1860-1904, Austrian writer, born in Hungary; founder of the Zionist movement. In The Jewish State (1896), he advocated resettlement of the Jews in a state of their own. | 2 | |
| 9547216003 | Balfour Declaration | The Balfour Declaration ("Balfour's promise" in Arabic) was a public pledge by Britain in 1917 declaring its aim to establish "a national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine. | 3 | |
| 9547176771 | Bolsheviks | used to describe the political system and ideas that Lenin and his supporters introduced in Russia after the Russian Revolution of 1917. A Bolshevik was a person who supported Lenin and his political ideas. | 4 | |
| 9547176772 | Vladimir Lenin | Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924). He issued the April Thesis (demands peace, land to peasants, & power to soviets) | 5 | |
| 9547176773 | Leon Trotsky | A Russian revolutionary leader of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Trotsky rose to power alongside Lenin after the Russian Revolution, taking charge of foreign affairs. | 6 | |
| 9547176774 | Treaty of Versailles | (1919) was a document signed between Germany and the Allied Powers following World War I that officially ended that war. | 7 | |
| 9547176775 | Triple Alliance | secret agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed in May 1882 and renewed periodically until World War I. | 8 | |
| 9547176776 | Triple Entente | the military alliance formed between Russia, Great Britain and France in 1907 before World War I. | 9 | |
| 9547176777 | Chaim Wiezmann | was a Zionist leader and Israeli statesman who served as President of the Zionist Organization and later as the first President of Israel. | 10 | |
| 9547176778 | T.E. Lawrence | Welsh soldier who from 1916 to 1918 organized the Arab revolt against the Turks; he later wrote an account of his adventures | 11 | |
| 9547176779 | Woodrow Wilson | the 28th U.S. president, served in office from 1913 to 1921 and led America through World War I (1914-1918). An advocate for democracy and world peace | 12 | |
| 9547176780 | League of Nations | an association of nations (1920-46), established to promote international cooperation and peace: it was succeeded by the United Nations. | 13 | |
| 9547176781 | Describe in detail the main causes of WW1. How did the alliance system and assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand help trigger the war? | Militarism-policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war Alliances-agreements between nations to aid and protect one another Nationalism-pride in or devotion to one's country Imperialism-when one country takes over another country economically and politically Assassination-murder Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand | 14 | |
| 9547176782 | Why would the years from 1914-1917 be described as a stalemate during WW1? | The generals on each side tried for 4 years to take enemy positions by ordering their troops to charge across the open fields, only to have them cut down by machine-gun fire. For 4 years the war was inconclusive on both land and at sea | 15 | |
| 9547176783 | How did armies fight along the trenches along the Western Front? | Both sides spread out until they formed an unbroken line of trenches (the Western Front) from the North Sea to Switzerland | 16 | |
| 9547176784 | Describe some of the new military technologies used in fighting during WW1 | New technologies used in wars were trenches, artillery fire (guns), barbed wire, land mines, machine guns, poison gas, flame throwers, airplanes, tanks, submarines (u boats), gas masks, and mustard gas. | 17 | |
| 9547176785 | What was the Balfour Declaration? How did its issue anger Arab nationalists? | In the Balfour Declaration of 1917, the British suggested the Zionists (in support of the Jews) leader Chaim Wiezmann that they would "view with favor" the establishment of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine. Britain also sent troops into southern Mesopotamia in order to secure the oil pipeline from Iran, taking Baghdad in early 1917. | 18 | |
| 9547176786 | What role domestically did govs play during WW1? | Most govs took over industrial production during the war, while instituting price controls and ration of products that were needed on the front lines. Rationing and the recruitment of Africans, Indians, Chinese, and women into the European labor force transformed civilian life. | 19 | |
| 9547176787 | What role did women play domestically during WW1? | With huge #'s of men taking up arms, women moved into factories to fill empty positions. This experience revved up the women's suffrage movement, and it became the basis for a successful push by women in Britain and in the U.S. to gain the vote after the war. | 20 | |
| 9547176788 | What role did colonies play in assisting their European home countries during WW1? | British and French forced overran Germany's African colonies. In all of their African colonies Europeans requisitioned a lot of food, imposed heavy taxes, forced Africans to grow export crops and sell them at low prices and recruited African men to serve as soldiers/porters. | 21 | |
| 9547176789 | What was America's political stance at the beginning of WW1? How did the sinking of the Lusitania help change that stance? | At first the U.S. practiced isolationism. The sinking of the Lusitania (British passenger liner) helped fuel America to join WW1 because more than 100 Americans aboard died. The next year, Germany was cutting off all U.S. shipments to Britain to starve Britain. This was fueling the U.S. to join WW1. | 22 | |
| 9547176790 | How did the Zimmerman telegram lead the U.S. to declare war on Germany during WW1? | The Zimmerman telegraph allowed the U.S. to hear of a secret message suggesting that if Mexico fought with Germany they can regain the territory they lost to the U.S. in the Mexican American War. On April 2, 1917, the U.S. declared war on the side of the Allies. | 23 | |
| 9547176791 | In what ways did the Treaty of Versailles punish Germany? How will German resentment of the Treaty of Versailles lead to problems later? | The Treaty of Versailles was very punitive against Germany, which was required to pay war reparations, release territory, and downsize its military. This lead to resentment among the German population, laying the groundwork for the later rise of nationalistic Adolf Hitler. | 24 | |
| 9547176792 | Even though the League of Nations was designed to promote peace and stability, why was it eventually seen as a failure? | The League of Nations was seen as a failure because England and France were mad while Germany and Russia initially refused (later joined). Worse, the U.S. openly rejected it, so Wilson was super embarrassed. | 25 | |
| 9547176793 | What were the goals of the Bolsheviks during the second Russian Revolution? | Their goals were to continue war with Germany in hope that Russia could then secure its borders and become a liberal democracy. They were desperate because of the suffering from the war. | 26 | |
| 9547176794 | Why is Mustafa Kemal seen as the father of modern-day Turkey? In what ways did he help modernize Turkey? | He is seen as the father of modern Turkey because he ed successful military campaigns against the Greeks, and then overthrew the Ottoman sultan. He became the 1st president of modern Turkey. | 27 |
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