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AP World Review Period 3 - 600 CE -1450 CE Flashcards

9675352188	Sufism	school of esoteric philosophy in Islam, which is based on the pursuit of spiritual truth as a definite goal to attain. In modern language it might also be referred to as Islamic spirituality or Islamic mysticism.	0
9675352195	astrolabe	an instrument that was used to determine the altitude of objects (like the sun) in the sky. It was first used around 200 BC by astronomers in Greece. The astrolabe was replaced by the sextant	1
9675352198	Aztec Empire	powerful Indian empire founded on Lake Texcoco (Mexico)	2
9675352201	Bedouins	Nomadic Arabs who originally inhabited desert areas of the Middle East and northern Africa and later began to move to other parts of the region	3
9675352208	Charlemagne	king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor; conqueror of the Lombards and Saxons (742-814) Charles the Great; Carolingian monarch who established substantial empire in France and Germany (800 C.E). He helped restore some church-based education in western Europe, and the level of intellectual activity began a slow recovering. After death, the empire could not survive.	4
9675352212	civil service exam	Exam all Chinese government official-to-be's had to go through in order to prove themselves. Very rigorous, although once you passed, instant success was guaranteed.	5
9675352213	Code of chivalry	The collective term for the social codes of knighthood that originated in France in the Middle Ages. It was based on brave, courteous and honourable behaviour - what came to be known as 'gentlemanly conduct.'	6
9675352214	Code of the samurai	Also called bushi-do, which literally means "road of the warrior."; Based on principles of loyalty, courage and honor	7
9675352218	daimyo	Warlord rulers who divided Japan into 300 little kingdoms	8
9675352221	excommunication	banishment from certain religion & Church	9
9675352223	Feudalism	system where lords provided protection/aid to serfs in return for labor	10
9675352229	Genghis Khan	(1170s - 1227) from 1206 khagan of all Mongol tribes; responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms of China and territories as far west as the Abbasid regions. successful military leader, united mongol tribes, was the founder of the mongol empire (1206-1368)	11
9675352230	Golden Horde	one of four subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after Genghis Khan's death; territory covered much of present south-central Russia. a state established in Russia, one of the four kingdoms in the mongol empire	12
9675352236	hajj	Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca	13
9675352244	Hundred Years' War	(1337 - 1453) conflict between England and France -fought over lands England possessed in France (issue of feudal rights vs. emerging claims of national states)	14
9675352248	Incan	Group of clans centered at Cuzco that were able to create empire incorporating various Andean cultures. Term also used for leader of empire	15
9675352257	khanates	region ruled under a khan, divided kingdoms under the mongol empire	16
9675352266	Magna Carta	Great Charter issued by King John of England in 1215; confirmed feudal rights against monarchial claims; represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy. Nobles fed up with King John made him sign Great Charter (Magna Carta) that made sure king got approval of aristocracy before imposing taxes, etc, limited king's power	17
9675352268	Mali	Country of western Africa; During the Middle Ages, Mali formed a huge territorial empire, noted as a center of Islamic study and as a trade route for gold. Its center was Timbuktu	18
9675352270	manorialism	Organization of rural economy and society by three classes of manors: a lord's own land, serf holdings, and free peasant land	19
9675352272	Mansa Musa	African King who made pilgrimage to Mecca, and gave out so much gold, that worth of gold dropped rapidly	20
9675352273	Marco Polo	A Venetian trader that went and learned about China under Kublai Khan	21
9675352278	medieval	relating to the Middle Ages	22
9675352283	Middle Ages	Time period between the postclassical era and the renaissance. Consists of Dark Ages and the High Middle Ages, in which the latter saw an improvement in trade, economy, and lives of peasants.	23
9675352288	mita	Mandatory public service by society in ancient South America. During the Inca empire, public service was required in public works projects such as the building of road and military services	24
9675352293	Mongol Peace	Pax Mongolica - Mongols brought peace to almost the entire Asian continent because they tolerated and encouraged diversity, especially religions	25
9675352296	Moors	The Medieval Muslim inhabitants of al-Andalus and the Maghreb. They captured Spain in 700s, and were expelled from Spain in 1492	26
9675352298	movable type	invented in China in the mid-eleventh century. Individual characters made of fired clay were assembled and glued onto a plate to create a printing block. Introduced in Europe in the 15th century	27
9675352308	Parliament	Beginning in England with a House of lords (aristocracy) and House of Commons (rich merchants) governing legislative body	28
9675352309	parliamentary system	representative government led by a prime minister	29
9675352310	Peasant	Agricultural worker that works land they own or rented	30
9675352332	seppuku	ritual suicide/disembowelment in Japan (hara-kiri); demonstrating courage and restoring family honor	31
9675352334	Serfs	peasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system of the Middle Ages	32
9675352337	Shogunate (bakufu)	military government in 12th century Japan... established by the Minamoto after the Gempei Wars... retained emperor but real power resided in military government and samurai	33
9675352341	Song	Chinese dynasty that united the entire country until 1127 and the southern portion until 1279, during which time northern China was controlled by the Juchen tribes	34
9675352342	Songhay Empire	successor to Mali empire, fusion of Islam, pagan, took over Niger valley, dominant in area until Muslims with muskets	35
9675352346	steppes	a vast semiarid grass-covered plain, found in southeast Europe and Mongolia	36
9675352351	Swahili	A Bantu language of the coast and islands of eastern Africa from Somalia to Mozambique	37
9675352361	Thousand and One Nights	Arabian Nights' Entertainment: a collection of folktales in Arabic dating from the 10th century	38
9675352363	Timbuktu	Port city of Mali; located just off the flood plain on the great bend in the Niger River	39
9675352373	viking/Norse	members of military elite who received land or benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty. Subordinate who, in exchange for land, gives loyalty	40
9675352378	William the Conquerer	A military commander exercising civil power in a region, whether in nominal allegiance to the national government or in defiance of it	41

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AP World History Vocabulary Flashcards

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13903303660	Paleolithic	Old Stone Age, a long period of human development before the development of agriculture.	0
13903303661	Pastoral Society	social system in which the breeding and herding of domestic animals is a major form of production for good and other purposes	1
13903303662	Neolithic	late phase of Stone Age, advanced stone tools used	2
13903303663	Bantu Migrations	series of migrations of the Bantu people from the Congo area to present day Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania,	3
13903303664	Mesopotamia	region in West Asia situated within the Tigris-Euphrates river system	4
13903303665	Hammurabi's Code	Sophisticated law code associated with the Babylonian king Hammurabi	5
13903303666	Iron Metallurgy	technique or science of working or heating metals into tools	6
13903303667	Patriarchy	A system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family and descent is traced through the male line	7
13903303668	Phoenicians	Ancient Semitic people living in the Eastern Mediterranean, responsible for creating an alphabet that has influenced many modern day alphabets	8
13903303669	Indus River Valley Civilization	Civilization along one of the longest rivers in South Asia	9
13903303670	Caste System	A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life	10
13903303671	Yellow River Valley	Cradle of Chinese civilization, along one of the longest rivers in East Asia	11
13903303672	Mandate of Heaven	Chinese belief that the emperors ruled through the mandate, or approval, of heaven contingent on their ability to look after the welfare of the population	12
13903303673	Warring States Period	the period from 475 BC until the unification of China under the Qin dynasty, characterized by lack of centralized government in China. It followed the Zhou dynasty.	13
13903303674	Olmecs	One of the earliest known major civilization in Mexico	14
13903303675	Persian Wars	Series on wars between Greece and Persia	15
13903303676	Zoroastrianism	Monotheistic religion; influenced future religions like Judaism, Islam, and Christianity	16
13903303677	Confucianism	A system of thought based on the teachings that turned into the ruling ideology of the Chinese state, involves ancestor reverence and a profound human-centered religiousness	17
13903303678	Daoism	Philosophy that teaches that everything should be left to the natural order; rejects many of the Confucian ideas but coexisted with Confucianism in China	18
13903303679	Legalism	A Chinese philosophy that argued that people were by nature evil and would follow the correct path if coerced by laws	19
13903303680	Jainism	an Indian religion that stresses extreme simplicity and non violence towards all living creatures	20
13903303681	Buddhism	Religion, based on Four Noble Truths, associated with Siddhartha Gautama; its adherents desired to eliminate all distracting passion and reach nirvana.	21
13903303682	Hinduism	Main religion in India,emphasizes reincarnation and the desire to end the cycle and death and reincarnation	22
13903303683	Polis	ancient Greek city state	23
13903303684	Sparta	Greek city state, known for its emphasis on military service and strength	24
13903303685	Athens	Greek city state, birthplace of democracy	25
13903303686	Hellenistic	relating to Greek history, language, and culture from the death of Alexander the Great to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony	26
13903303687	Socrates	Greek philosopher, father of western philosophy	27
13903303688	Aristotle	Greek philosopher and scientists, student of socrates	28
13903303689	Julius Caesar	Roman military general and politician, assassinated by a group of nobles	29
13903303690	Christianity	Religion based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth	30
13903303691	Silk Road	Network of trading routes connecting East and West	31
13903303692	Justinian Code	Laws developed under Justinian, the Byzantine Emperor	32
13903303693	Lateen Sail	a triangular sail, made sailing in the wind easier	33
13903303694	Dhow	ship of small to moderate size used in W Indian Ocean; triangular sail and sewn timber hull	34
13903303695	Magnetic Compass	Navigational Tool, indicates direction of travel	35
13903303696	Islam	Monotheistic religion announced by the prophet Muhammad; influenced by Judaism and Christianity	36
13903303697	Indian Ocean Trade Network	Trade network throughout the Indian Ocean, connected places like India, China, East Africa and the Middle East	37
13903303698	Neo-Confucianism	Philosophy that attempted to merge certain basic elements of Confucian and Buddhist thought	38
13903303699	Feudalism	A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to a king in return for loyalty and military service	39
13903303700	Holy Roman Empire	Multi ethnic group of territories in central Europe during the Middle Ages, first emperor was Charlemagne	40
13903303701	Feudalism	A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to a king in return for loyalty and military service	41
13903303702	Mongols	Central Asian group, created a largest land based empire through brutal conquest and military warfare.	42
13903303703	Ibn Battuta	Moroccan traveler, made the pilgrimage to Mecca and helped spread Islam throughout Africa	43
13903303704	Marco Polo	Italian merchant whose accounts of his travels to China and other lands became legendary	44
13903303705	Crusades	(1095-1204) Armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land by Christians determined to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule. The Crusades brought an end to western Europe's centuries of intellectual and cultural isolation.	45
13903303706	Toltecs	Central American society, predates the Aztecs	46
13903303707	Aztecs	Central American empire constructed by the Mexica and expanded greatly during the 15th century	47
13903303708	Mercantilism	Economic policy common to many absolute monarchies. Government control of foreign trade is of paramount importance for ensuring the military security of the country. In particular, it demands a positive balance of trade and desires new sources of gold and silver bullion, thus fueling more colonialism.	48
13903303709	Trading Post Empire	First used by the Portuguese to control trade routes by forcing merchants to pay taxes in trading ports	49
13903303710	Joint Stock Company	A business, often backed by a government charter, that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks (and profits) among many investors.	50
13903303711	Diffusion	The spread of ideas, objects, or traits from one culture to another	51
13903303712	Zheng He	Chinese explorer who traveled throughout the Indian Ocean	52
13903303713	Renaissance	A period in European history where ancient Greek and Roman art and culture was revived	53
13903303714	Bubonic Plague	Deadly disease that spread through Europe, believed to be brought to Europe by traders from Asia	54
13903303715	Trans-Saharan Trade	trade route that traveled across the Sahara desert	55
13903303716	Junks	Chinese sailing ship	56
13903303717	Sikhism	Indian syncretic religion that combines elements of Hinduism and Buddhism	57
13903303718	Caravels	European fast sailing ship	58
13903303719	Columbian Exchange	An exchange of goods, ideas and skills from the Old World (Europe, Asia and Africa) to the New World (North and South America) and vice versa.	59
13903303720	Encomienda System	A labor system set up by the Spanish government where Spanish colonists could work the native Americans on their land while compensating them and agreeing to educate some of them and teach them about Christianity	60
13903303721	Haciendas	a large estate or plantation with a dwelling house found in Spanish America	61
13903303722	Indentured Labor	Labor source for plantations; wealthy planters would pay the laboring poor to sell a portion of their working lives in exchange for passage	62
13903303723	Martin Luther	Author of the 95 thesis, began the protestant reformation by protesting against the Catholic church	63
13903303724	Protestant Reformation	16th century, European movement where religious figures broke away from the Catholic church	64
13903303725	Printing Press	Machine used to mass produce text, responsible for increasing literacy rates and spreading information at a faster rate	65
13903303726	Scientific Revolution	Started in the 1500's, that brought about major advancements in math, physics, astronomy, and biology	66
13903303727	Industrial Revolution	the process of change from an agrarian society to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing	67
13903303728	Factory System	Method of manufacturing using machines and division of labor	68
13903303729	The Enlightenment	Intellectual and philosophical movement in Europe that emphasized natural rights, reason, and changes in government to meet the needs of the people	69
13903303730	Haitian Revolution	successful anti-slavery and anti-colonial revolt led by self-liberated slaves against French colonial rule	70
13903303731	Simon Bolivar	Leader of the revolutions that took place in Latin America	71
13903303732	Nationalism	Extreme pride in ones country or advocacy of political independence	72
13903303733	Liberalism	Political view that emphasizes liberty and equality, civil rights	73
13903303734	Conservatism	Political view that holds that society changes slowly overtime against rapid change	74
13903303735	Socialism	Political theory that advocates that the community should own he means of production	75
13903303736	Communism	Philosophy that states means of production should be owned by the working class. Violent revolution is needed to destroy the bourgeois and create a new order led by the Proletariat	76
13903303737	Social Darwinism	Attempt to apply Darwin's "survival of the fittest" to social and political realm. Used to justify the war and the conquering of "weaker" nations	77
13903303738	Scramble for Africa	Period between 1875 and 1900 where European powers sought to colonize as much of Africa as possible	78
13903303739	Indian Revolt, 1857	unsuccessful rebellion of North and Central India by a large portion of the Bengal Army and civil population against British rule	79
13903303740	"White Man's Burden"	A poem by Rudyard Kipling that states it is the white mans job or duty to civilize the colonies in Africa and Asia	80
13903303741	National Assembly	Organization formed by the Third Estate during the French Revolution with the goal of creating a constitution	81
13903303742	French Revolution	Period of social and political change to took place in France from 1789 to about 1799, resulted in the overthrow of the monarchy	82
13903303743	Indian National Congress	Indian political party founded in 1885, worked to gain independence from Great Britain	83
13903303744	King Leopold	King of Belgium, known for colonizing the Congo and allowing brutal exploration	84
13903303745	Opium War	Series of wars between 1839 and 1860 between Great Britain and China over the sale of Opium in China. Resulted in China being forced to sign a number of unequal treaties	85
13903303746	Berlin Conference	Meeting organized by German chancellor Otto von Bismarck in 1884-1885 that provided the justification for European colonization of Africa	86
13903303747	Taiping Rebellion	Large rebellion that took place in 1850 in China over the increasing poverty and discontent among the Chinese peasantry	87
13903303748	Self-strengthening Movement	Chinese attempt to blend Chinese cultural traditions with European industrial technology	88
13903303749	Sphere of Influence	An area in which another country has economic power, an example is the European control of Chinese ports	89
13903303750	Boxer Rebellion	Violent anti-foreign, anti-colonial uprising that took place in China between 1899 and 1901	90
13903303751	Seneca Falls Convention	First women's rights convention, took place in New York in 1848	91
13903303752	Meiji Restoration	restoration of imperial rule in 1868 in Japan, focused on western reforms to strengthen Japan	92
13903303753	Mexican Revolution	Armed struggle from 1910 to 1920 in Mexico that resulted in the end of a dictator ship and the establishment of a constitutional republic.	93
13903303754	Paris Peace Conference	Meeting of various nations after WWI to decide how to set peace terms for the Central Powers	94
13903303755	Armenian Genocide	Campaign of extermination undertaken by the Ottomans against two million Armenians living in Ottoman territory during World War I.	95
13903303756	Treaty of Versailles	1919 treaty between Entente Powers and Germany after WWI, blamed the war on Germany and applied harsh reparations	96
13903303757	League of Nations	Forerunner of the United Nations, the dream of American president Woodrow Wilson, although its potential was severely limited by the refusal of the United States to join.	97
13903303758	Great Depression	severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States	98
13903303759	Russian Revolution	Time period in Russia between 1917 and 1918 which saw the abdication of Czar Nicholas and the establishment of the Communist party led by Lenin	99
13903303760	Mandate System	System that developed in the wake of World War I when the former colonies ended up mandates under European control	100
13903303761	New Deal	Series of programs put into place by FDR in the U.S. to establish public works projects, financial reforms and government regulation after the Great Depression	101
13903303762	Fascism	Political ideology used in Italy under Mussolini, a form of totalitarian government	102
13903303763	Benito Mussolini	Leader of the fascist party in Italy and and Prime Minister of Italy during WWII	103
13903303764	Adolf Hitler	Leader of the Nazi party in Germany and Fuehrer during WWII	104
13903303765	Stalin's Five Year Plan	Economic goals implemented between 1928 and 1932 in Russia with the goal of industrial and economic advancement	105
13903303766	Mao Zedong	Chinese communist revolutionary leader and leader of China	106
13903303767	Mohandas Gandhi	Leader of the non-violence movement in India which sought to gain independence for India from British rule	107
13903303768	Nazi-Soviet Pact	Neutrality pact between Stalin and Hitler	108
13903303769	Mukden Incident	Staged event in which Japanese military members destroyed their own railroad track in Manchuria in order to provide justification for an invasion of China	109
13903303770	Rape of Nanjing	Japanese conquest and destruction of the Chinese city of Nanjing in the 1930's	110
13903303771	Holocaust	Genocide during WWII that targeting Jews in Germany	111
13903303772	United Nations	Successor to the League of Nations, an organization of nations with the goal of finding solution to global issues	112
13903303773	Cold War	Conflict or rivalry between U.S. and Soviet Union that included their allies	113
13903303774	Iron Curtain	Name given to the boundary dividing Europe into Soviet/communist block and Western capitalist nations	114
13903303775	Truman Doctrine	1947 U.S. Policy that states the country would intervene in foreign nations to stop the spread of communism	115
13903303776	Marshall Plan	U.S. Plan that offered financial aid to all European states that suffered from WWII	116
13903303777	NATO	North Atlantic Treaty Organization, established by the U.S. in 1949, military alliance against Soviet expansion	117
13903303778	Warsaw Pact	military alliance formed by Soviet bloc nations in 1955 in response to rearmament of West Germany and its inclusion in NATO	118
13903303779	Green Revolution	Movement to increase agricultural production in countries like India	119
13903303780	U.S. Civil Rights Act of 1965	Laws passed by President Johnson in order to overcome barriers that prevented African Americans from voting	120
13903303781	Apartheid	South African system of "separateness" that was implemented in 1948 and that maintained the black majority in a position of political, social, and economic subordination.	121
13903303782	Decolonization	process by which former colonies achieved their independence from European powers	122
13903303783	Zionism	national movement of the Jewish people that supports the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland in the territory defined as the historic Land of Israel	123
13903303784	Geneva Conference	Meetings between nations to solve major problems between France and the Vietnamese nationalists. Resulted in the Geneva Accords	124
13903303785	Pan-Africanism	Movement that seeks to unite the indigenous people of Africa and create solidarity in Africa	125
13903303786	Pan-Arabism	idea of the unification of the Muslim countries of North Africa and West Asia, Arab nationalism	126
13903303787	Iranian Revolution	Events leading to the overthrow of Iranian leader Pahlavi	127
13903303788	Globalization	the breaking down of traditional boundaries in the face of increasingly global financial and cultural trends	128
13903303789	Climate Change	a change in global or regional climate patterns	129
13903303790	Rwandan Genocide	Mass slaughter of Tutsi's in Rwanda. Led by the Hutu people	130
13903303791	Satellite Nations	Cold War, nations that were under the influence of the Soviet Union and Communism	131
13903303792	Absolutism	Political philosophy that stressed the divine right theory of kingship: the French king Louis XIV was the classic example.	132
13903303793	capitalism	An economic system with origins in early modern Europe in which private parties make their goods and services available on a free market.	133
13903303794	Agricultural Revolution	changeover from food gathering to food production that occurred between ca. 8000 and 2000 B.C.E.	134
13903303795	Syncretism	Combination of different religions, cultures, or schools of thought, the merging of different inflectional varieties of a word during the development of a language	135
13903303796	Fertile Crescent	The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers gave life to the first known agricultural villages in this area about 10,000 years ago and the first known cities about 5,000 years ago. Includes Mesopotamia, Palestine, and the Nile.	136
13903303797	Mita	When colonists were allowed to use Indians for forced labor in colonial South America as a form of taxation. The Inca had previously used a similar practice.	137
13903303798	Mansa Musa	Ruler of Mali who made a pilgrimage from Egypt to Mecca	138
13903303799	Filial Piety	In Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors	139
13903303800	Irrigation system	a means of supplying land with water	140
13903303801	Secular	Non-religious	141
13903303802	Specialization of Labor	To train or specialize people in certain areas of work so that people can accomplish tasks quicker	142
13903303803	Animism	Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life.	143
13903303804	codification	a set of rules or principles or laws (especially written ones)	144
13903303805	Monasticism	Living in a religious community apart from secular society and adhering to a rule stipulating chastity, obedience, and poverty.	145
13903303806	Caliphate	Office established in succession to the Prophet Muhammad, to rule the Islamic empire; also the name of that empire.	146
13903303807	Tribute system	A system in which defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. This forced transfer of food, cloth, and other goods subsidized the development of large cities	147
13903303808	appeasement	British and French policy in the 1930's that tried to maintain peace in Europe in the face of German aggression by making concessions	148
13903303809	Brahman	Hindu caste of priests	149
13903303810	Caliph	Islamic leader after the death of Muhammad	150
13903303811	Catholic Reformation	16th century Catholic attempts to cure internal ills and confront Protestantism.	151
13903303812	Chinampas	gardens used by Aztecs in which fertile ground from lake bottoms was dredged and built up into small plots for farming	152
13903303813	Civil Service Exam	tests given at the district, provincial, and metropolitan levels that determined entry into the Chinese civil service during the Ming and Qing dynasties	153
13903303814	Conquistadors	Spanish adventurers such as Cortez and Pizarro who conquered Central and South America in the 16th Century	154
13903303815	Containment	Goal of the Truman Doctrine, stop or contain the spread of Communism	155
13903303816	Creoles	People born in the Americas of Spanish or Portuguese ancestry	156
13903303817	Daimyo	powerful territorial lords in early modern Japan	157
13903303818	Detente	A reduction in cold war tension between the U.S. and Soviet Union from 1969-1975	158
13903303819	Direct Rule	a system of government used by Europeans towards their colonies. Officials were sent from the European nation to rule over the colony	159
13903303820	Indirect Rule	a system of government used by Europeans towards their colonies. It allowed local leaders to remain in place under British rule	160
13903303821	Foot binding	Chinese custom of applying tight binding to the feet of young girls to modify the shape of their feet. It was practiced in China from the Song dynasty until the early 20th century, bound feet were considered a status symbol as well as a mark of beauty	161
13903303822	Glasnost	Russian term meaning openness, introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev in 1985 to describe the process of opening of Soviet society	162
13903303823	Good Neighbor Policy	U.S. foreign policy under FDR, emphasized cooperation and trade rather than military force in Latin America	163
13903303824	Great Leap Forward	Economic and social program in China under Mao. Attempt to address the problems with China's industrial and agricultural sectors.	164
13903303825	Indulgence	A forgiveness of sins, sold by the Catholic church, one of the causes of Martin Luthers unhappiness with the church	165
13903303826	Laissez Faire	Belief that the government should not be involved in a free market	166
13903303827	Plato	Greek philosopher, student of Socrates, author of the allegory of the cave	167

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AP World History Chapter 18 Flashcards

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13453424916	Reasons for European Imperialism-	1. Raw materials 2. Markets 3. Invests 4. Nationalism/ Imperial Expansion	0
13453448872	What materials made expansion possible?	The empires had faster steamships, better guns, and global communications which gave them an advantage. Quinine helped prevent Malaria.	1
13453475688	Anglo-Saxonism	"Whites" must be superior to "lesser" races. The whites were "smarter and stronger". Better technology led to this.	2
13453495658	Social Darwinism	The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.	3
13453515563	Second Wave Countries	1. Germany 2. Belgium 3. Japan 4. United States 5. Italy	4
13453522017	First Wave Countries	1. France 2. Britain 3. Dutch 4. Spain 5. Portugal	5
13453540319	European Military Superiority	Advantage with weapons such as the Maxim Gun, an early machine gun used against lightly armed Asia and Africa.	6
13453557169	Slow Imperial Creep in India and Indonesia	Engaged in a slow and unplanned but steady expansion of territory. Millions of Asians were brought under control of the British Raj and the Dutch East Indies.	7
13453597938	The Scramble for Africa and Rapid Expansion Elsewhere	In Africa and certain Asian colonies, the European invasion and conquest was unexpected, sudden, and devastating. Unable to understand European motives and techniques, various kingdoms were completely overwhelmed by the imperial invaders. The Boer war was in South Africa. It took some time to colonize.	8
13453642835	Settler Colonialism and Mass Death in the Pacific	In New Zealand, Australia, and Hawaii, isolated populations were invaded by white settlers and their diseases.	9
13453660002	American and Russian Expansion	Both engaged in expansion across vast stretches of continental land, displacing indigenous people. The United States would also expand with the Spanish-American War. Freed slaves to Liberia.	10
13453703890	Japanese Colonization in Taiwan and Korea	In East Asia, a newly industrialized Japan flexed its muscles by annexing the island of Taiwan and the Korean Peninsula.	11
13453727953	America and Britain	Where America and Britain goes, it's army follows.	12
13453741743	Defiant Ethiopia and Diplomatic Siam	The two leading exceptions to the wave of imperialism were Ethiopia (Italy) and Siam (Present Thailand), which used diplomacy and accommodations to avoid imperial annexation.	13
13453774624	Soldiers Administrators and Local Rulers	Various local rulers from Indian rajas to African chiefs served as a key source of exercising indirect power over colonial societies. Each of these collaborating groups expected some form of reward for their service and loyalty to conquerers.	14
13453799441	A Small Western-Educated Elite	The colonizers often viewed them with suspicion and disdain and the colonized might view them as having thrown their lot in with conquerors.	15
13453816594	Indian Rebellion, 1857-1858	Colonial rule had numerous revolts, both small and large. One of the most important was the Sepoys. The revolt was brutally crashed.	16
13453960630	Radical Boundaries	Used a "Specific Racism" to justify the firm radical barriers between colonizers and colonized. Strict classes! Casts	17
13454002225	Settlers Colonialism in South Africa	Settlers colonies, where there larger populations of white settlers, systems of racial exclusions were developed for racial separation known as Apartheid.	18
13454023512	Impacts on Daily Life	Americanize, Westernize!! *The rights do not follow the flag. As America colonizes, the places we go, they don't have the same rights.	19
13454062375	"Traditional India" and "Tribal Africa"	Empires developed systems and sciences to study, organize, and control colonial studies.	20
13454074212	Eurocentury	European Ideas	21
13454076677	Gendering The Empires:	White men were to be virile and hyper-masculine while colonized men were typically feminized unless they fit into useful class. White women were placed on the pedestal.	22
13459190419	Political Contradictions and hypocrisies:	The result was a sharp contrast between governmental practice and ideology at home and in the colonies. No governmental ideas and individualism in colonies!!	23

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AP World History - Chapter 22 Flashcards

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13400883997	Berlin Wall	Wall constructed by East German authorities in 1961 to seal off East Berlin from the West; it was breached on November 9, 1989.	0
13400883998	Bolsheviks (pron. BOWL-sheh-vik)	Russian revolutionary party led by Vladimir Lenin and later renamed the Communist Party; the name "Bolshevik" means "the majority."	1
13400883999	building socialism	Euphemistic expression for the often-forcible transformation of society when a communist regime came to power in a state.	2
13400884000	Castro, Fidel	Revolutionary leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008 who gradually turned to Soviet communism and engendered some of the worst crises of the cold war.	3
13400884001	Chinese Revolution	Long revolutionary process in the period 1912-1949 that began with the overthrow of the Chinese imperial system and ended with the triumph of the Communist Party under the leadership of Mao Zedong.	4
13400884002	cold war	Political and ideological state of near-war between the Western world and the communist world that lasted from 1946 to 1991.	5
13400884003	collectivization	Process of rural reform undertaken by the communist leadership of both the USSR and China in which private property rights were abolished and peasants were forced onto larger and more industrialized farms to work and share the proceeds as a community rather than as individuals.	6
13400884004	Comintern	In full, "Communist International"; Soviet organization intended to control the policies and actions of other communist states.	7
13400884005	Cuban missile crisis	Major standoff between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over Soviet deployment of nuclear missiles in Cuba; the confrontation ended in compromise, with the USSR removing its missiles in exchange for the United States agreeing not to invade Cuba.	8
13400884006	Cultural Revolution	China's Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was a massive campaign launched by Mao Zedong in the mid-1960s to combat the capitalist tendencies that he believed reached into even the highest ranks of the Communist Party; the campaign threw China into chaos.	9
13400884007	Deng Xiaoping (pron. deng shyao-ping)	Leader of China from 1976 to 1997 whose reforms essentially dismantled the communist elements of the Chinese economy.	10
13400884008	glasnost (pron. glaz-nost)	Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of "openness," which allowed greater cultural and intellectual freedom and ended most censorship of the media; the result was a burst of awareness of the problems and corruption of the Soviet system.	11
13400884009	Gorbachev, Mikhail (pron. MEE-ka-eel GORE-bah-CHOF)	Leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991 whose efforts to reform the USSR led to its collapse.	12
13400884010	Great Leap Forward	Major Chinese initiative (1958-1960) led by Mao Zedong that was intended to promote small-scale industrialization and increase knowledge of technology; in reality, it caused a major crisis and exacerbated the impact of a devastating famine.	13
13400884011	Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution	Mao Zedong's great effort in the mid-1960s to weed out capitalist tendencies that he believed had developed in China.	14
13400884012	Great Purges	Also called the Terror, the Great Purges of the late 1930s were a massive attempt to cleanse the Soviet Union of supposed "enemies of the people"; nearly a million people were executed between 1936 and 1941, and 4 million or 5 million more were sentenced to forced labor in the gulag.	15
13400884013	gulag (pron. GOO-log)	Acronym for the Soviet government agency that administered forced labor camps.	16
13400884014	Guomindang (pron. gwoah-min-dahng)	The Chinese Nationalist Party led by Chiang Kai-shek from 1928 until its overthrow by the communists in 1949.	17
13400884015	Khrushchev, Nikita (pron. ni-KEE-tah KROOSH-chef)	Leader of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964.	18
13400884016	Lenin	Adopted name of Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (1870-1924), the main leader of Russia's communist revolution and head of the Soviet state from 1917 until his death.	19
13400884017	Mao Zedong (pron. maow dzuh-dong)	Chairman of China's Communist Party and de facto ruler of China from 1949 until his death in 1976.	20
13400884018	McCarthyism	Wave of anticommunist fear and persecution that took place in the United States in the 1950s.	21
13400884019	national security state	Form of government that arose in the United States in response to the cold war and in which defense and intelligence agencies gained great power and power in general came to be focused in the executive branch.	22
13400884020	perestroika (pron. pe-rih-STROY-kuh)	Bold economic program launched in 1987 by Mikhail Gorbachev with the intention of freeing up Soviet industry and businesses.	23
13400884021	Russian Revolution	Massive revolutionary upheaval in 1917 that overthrew the Romanov dynasty in Russia and ended with the seizure of power by communists under the leadership of Lenin.	24
13400884022	Stalin	Name assumed by Joseph Vissarionovich Jugashvili (1878-1953), leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death; "Stalin" means "made of steel."	25
13400884023	Warsaw Pact	Military alliance of the USSR and the communist states of Eastern Europe during the cold war.	26
13400884024	Zhenotdel (pron. zen-OHT-del)	Women's Department of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union from 1919 to 1930; Zhenotdel worked strongly to promote equality for women.	27

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AP World History Era 4 Dates Flashcards

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13673563242	1453	Ottomans capture Constantinople	0
13673563243	1450s	Printing Press in Europe (Gutenberg)	1
13673564978	c. 1480	Height of Aztec Empire	2
13673566946	1488	Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope	3
13673571183	1492	Columbus/Reconquista of Spain	4
13673573610	1502	1st African Slaves to Americas	5
13673575011	1517	Martin Luther/Protestant Reformation	6
13673580886	1519-1521	Cortez conquers the Aztecs	7
13673580887	1521-1523	Magellan circumnavigates the Earth	8
13673586867	1529	1st unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna (Suleiman the Magnificent)	9
13673589368	1533	Pizarro topples the Inca	10
13673594878	1545	Discovery of silver at Potosí	11
13673601955	1571	Battle of Lepanto (Ottoman naval defeat)	12
13673622311	1571	1st Manila Galleon (global trade of silver)	13
13673605158	1588	Defeat of the Spanish Armada	14
13673606904	1600	Battle of Sekigahara (beginning of Tokugawa Shogunate)	15
13673609604	1607	Founding of Jamestown	16
13673611176	1618-1648	30 years war	17
13673613736	1644-1911	Qing Dynasty	18
13673615777	1653	Cape Town colony founded (Dutch)	19
13673617420	1689	Glorious Revolution/English Bill of Rights	20
13673615831	1683	2nd unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna (Mehmet IV)	21

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Period 2- AP World History Flashcards

AP World History Period 2: 600 BCE to 600 CE

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13912763425	Climate and location of routes, typical trade goods, and the ethnicity of the people involved.	What factors shaped the features of early trade routes in the eastern hemisphere?	0
13912763426	1. Eurasian Silk Roads 2. Trans-Saharan caravan routes 3. Indian Ocean sea lanes 4. Mediterranean sea lanes	What are the most significant trade routes of the period between 600BCE and 600CE?	1
13912763427	Yokes, saddles, and stirrups permitted the use of domesticated pack animals.	What new technologies facilitated long-distance communication and exchange between 600BCE and 600CE?	2
13912763428	Innovations in maritime technology and advanced knowledge of monsoon winds. Ex. Lateen sail and dhow ships.	What factors stimulated early exchanges along maritime routes from East Africa to East Asia?	3
13912763429	Trade goods, people, technology, religious and cultural beliefs, food crops, domesticated animals, and disease pathogens.	What are the various forms of exchanges that took place between 600BCE and 600CE?	4
13912763430	Rice and cotton.	What crops spread from South Asia to the Middle East?	5
13912763431	Changed in farming and irrigation techniques.	What changes did the spread of crops encourage?	6
13912763432	Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism.	What religious and cultural traditions were transformed as they spread?	7
13912763433	Imposing political unity.	The number and size of key states and empires grew dramatically by:	8
13912763434	Southwest Asia: Persian Empire East Asia: Qin and Han Empires South Asia: Mauryan and Gupta Empires Mediterranean: Phoenecia, Greek City-states, Hellenistic and Roman empires Mesoamerica: Teotihuacan, Maya Andean South America: Moche	What are the key classical states/empires and their locations?	9
13912763435	Administrative institutions	What did the rulers of empires create to organize their subjects?	10
13912763436	1. Centralized government 2. Elaborate legal systems & bureaucracies	Important elements of imperial administrations are:	11
13912763437	China, Persia, Rome, & South Asia	What regions hosted the most famous administrative institutions?	12
13912763438	1. Diplomacy 2. Developing supply lines 3. Building fortifications 4. Defensive walls and roads 5. Drawing new groups of military officers and soldiers from the local populations or conquered peoples	Name ways in which imperial governments projected military power over large areas.	13
13912763439	1. Centers of trade 2. Public performance of religious rituals 3. Political administration for states and empires	What function did cities play in Afro-Eurasia and the Americas?	14
13912763440	Rome & Teotihuacan	Name 2 important early imperial cities.	15
13912763441	Hierarchies / Included cultivators, laborers, slaves, artisans, merchants, elites, or caste groups	What did the social structures of early empires display? What groups were typically included?	16
13912763442	Relied on a range of methods such as peasant communities and slavery.	How did imperial societies maintain food production?	17
13912763443	To provide rewards for the loyalty of elites.	An important reason to produce surplus in imperial societies was:	18
13912763444	Patriarchy	___________ continued to shape gender and family relations in imperial societies.	19
13912763445	Roman, Han, Persian, Mauryan, and Gupta	What specific empires created difficulties they could not manage?	20
13912763446	Political, cultural, and administrative	What types of difficulties did Empires create that often led to their collapse/decline/transformation?	21
13912763447	Successive mobilization of resources led to environmental damage which resulted in social tensions and economic difficulties by concentrating too much wealth in the hands of elites.	How did empire create environmental issues and what did these issues lead to?	22
13912763448	Issues along the frontier such as threat of invasions.	What sorts of external problems did empires face?	23
13912763449	Rome: Problems with northern and eastern neighbors Gupta: Huns	What are 2 important examples of empires' external problems?	24
13912763450	Hebrew (Scriptures)	The codification of the ________ scriptures further associated Judaism with monotheism.	25
13912763451	Mesopotamia	The Hebrew scriptures influenced the cultural and legal traditions of what area?	26
13912763452	Conquest of Jewish states by Assyria, Babylonia, and Rome.	What trend influenced the Jewish diasporic communities in the Middle East? Which peoples were involved?	27
13912763453	Vedic, Hinduism	Sanskrit scriptures formed the basis of the __________ religions, which later became known as __________.	28
13912763454	desire, suffering, and the search for enlightenment.	What core beliefs did Buddhism preach?	29
13912763455	The Vedic beliefs and rituals dominant in South Asia.	Buddhism was, in part, a reaction to ____________.	30
13912763456	Asoka / Mauryan Empire / efforts of missionaries and merchants and the establishment of educational institutions.	Emperor _______________ of _____________ supported the spread of Buddhism. Buddhism was also spread through ___________________________.	31
13912763457	Confucianism	The philosophical belief system of ___________ came out of China.	32
13912763458	to promote social harmony by outlining proper rituals and social relationships.	Confucianism's main goal was:	33
13912763459	Balance between humans and nature.	What are the core beliefs of Daoism?	34
13912763460	It influenced medical theories and practices, pottery, metallurgy, and architecture.	What role did Daoism play in the development of Chinese culture?	35
13912763461	Judaism	Christianity drew on which religious tradition?	36
13912763462	Roman & Hellenistic	Initially, Christianity rejected _______________ influences.	37
13912763463	Efforts of missionaries and merchants through many parts of Afro-Eurasia / Emporer Constantine	Christianity initially spread through ____________, and later through the support of ____________________.	38
13912763464	Logic, empirical observations, and the nature of political power and hierarchy.	What are the cored ideas of Greco-Roman philosophy/science?	39
13912763465	Affected gender roles: Judaism & Christianity: encouraged monastic life Confucianism: emphasized filial piety	What role did belief systems play in social systems?	40
13912763466	Shamanism/Animism persisted because of their daily reliance on the natural world.	What belief systems continued alongside the codified, written belief systems? Why did these persist outside of core civilizations?	41
13912763467	Literature, drama, architecture, and sculpture. / Ex. Greek plays, Indian epics	Which major art forms were influenced by belief systems?	42
13912763468	Assyrians and Hittites	Which empires are known for military strength and iron tools?	43

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AP Flashcards

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11880723425	NDRRMC	National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council	0
11880723426	PAG-ASA	Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical, Astronomical Services Admisnistration	1
11880723427	DILG	Department of Interior and Local Government	2
11880748163	DOH	Department of Health	3
11880748164	DepEd	Department of Education	4
11880748165	RNP	Republika ng Pilipinas	5
11880748166	MMDA	Metro Manila Development Authority	6
11880748167	DPWH	Department of Public Works and Highways	7
11880748168	DENR	Department of Environment and Natural Resources	8
11880748169	PCG	Philippine Coast Guard	9

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AP World History: Chapter 10 Flashcards

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15570698619	In comparison to Byzantium, Latin Christendom before 1000 C.E. was a more _________ society.	localized	0
15570723934	List three advantages that the Byzantine Empire had that enabled it to survive as a political entity for a thousand years longer than the western part of the Roman Empire.	a. Caesaropapism b. Strong emperors c. Stronger army	1
15570746308	Identify three regions permanently joined the world of Western Christendom as an impact of the Crusades in Europe.	a. Spain b. Sicily c. Baltic	2
15570792574	What was the view of both the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church over the veneration of icons? How did it contribute to the split?	a. Eastern Orthodox: pro-icons Roman Catholic: anti-icons b. It adds to the long list of differences dividing Christianity in Europe.	3
15570830130	Identify three features of the Byzantine Empire that the new civilization of Kievan Rus adopt.	a. Byzantine architecture b. Imperial court culture c. Imperial control of church	4
15570859308	The transmission of ancient Greek learning to Western Europe and the Islamic world is an example of the influence of _________ ______ on Eurasia.	Byzantine Empire	5
15570867969	Define feudalism.	A political, socio-economic system that emphasized reciprocal ties between lords and vassals based on landon contract, fief.	6
15570903609	True or False. A considerable increase in long-distance trade was evidence of the expansion and growth of European civilization during the High Middle Ages.	True	7
15570915809	How were women effected by the economic growth and urbanization during the High Middle Ages in Western Europe?	Women could practice trades and sometimes train women apprentices.	8
15570945653	True or False. The absorbing of earlier cultural practices into Christian tradition characterized the spread of christianity throughout Western Europe from 500 to 1000.	True	9
15570965480	Besides Islam, _______ ________ ______ was a target of Western European Crusades.	Eastern Orthodox Church	10
15570980435	Identify two examples of european innovation made possible by the borrowing of technologies from other civilizations.	a. Use of gunpowder for cannons. b. Re-introduction of Greek learning via muslim scholarship	11
15571006435	What greatly contributed to the decline of Christianity in Asia and Africa by 1500?	Spread of Islamic culture.	12
15571024557	Briefly describe Christian communities in the Middle East and North Africa from 650 to 1300.	Shrinking communities of second class citizens.	13
15571046967	True or False. Outside of Europe, the strongest presence of Christianity from 500 to 1300 was in Ethiopia.	True	14
15571066928	True or False. Jesus Sutras is an example of how Christianity was reinterpreted as it spread throughout Asia and Africa.	True	15
15571082632	What event in the thirteenth century influenced the Egyptian state's change in attitude toward its Christian subjects from tolerance to persecution?	The Crusades.	16
15571099866	In Western Europe from 1000 to 1300, power was divided among _____, nobles, and church leaders.	Kings	17
15571125854	True or False. Rulers provided protection for the church in return for religious legitimacy is the best description of the relationship between politics and religion in Western Europe from 500 to 1300.	True	18
15571142128	True or False. The process of conversion to Eastern Orthodox Christianity in Kievan Rus started as a freely made decision of Prince Vladimir of Kiev to unify his people.	True	19
15571160476	In the eleventh century, the religious culture of the Byzantine Empire had a significant impact on the ______ peoples in the Balkans and Russia.	Slavic	20
15571178472	The capture of Constantinople by the _______ ______ brought the Byzantine Empire to an end in 1453.	Ottoman Empire	21
15571192716	Identify four long-term impacts of the Crusades on Western Europe.	a. Expansion of Western Christendom and decline of Eastern Christendom. b. Muslim scholarship and Greek learning flowed into Western Europe. c. Use of slave labor in plantation systems introduced to Western Europe. d. "God Will It" continues into the Americas during colonization.	22
15571253652	What are four differences that separated the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches?	Roman Catholic: a. Church over state b. Latin language c. Pope was sole and final authority on Earth d. Priests could NOT marry Orthodox: a. State ruling church b. Greek language c. Pope was NOT the final authority d. Priests could marry	23
15571301584	Identify three ways in which the multiple competing states in Western Europe shaped European civilizations.	a. Frequent warfare b. Drove the gunpowder revolution c. Enhanced the role of status of warlords	24

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