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AP World History Flashcards

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14413954146Abodea place in which a person resides; extended stay in place0
14413957270AboriginalDescribes people who are indigenous to a particular region. Particularly used to describe native people who were living in Australia and Polynesia prior to European occupation in the 1750s.1
14413964099Absolveto free from guilt or blame or their consequences2
14420872999Acrophonythe use of a word as the name of he alphabetical symbol representing the initial sound of that word3
14413965857Adjudicationthe act of a court in making an order, judgment, or decree4
14413966853Agavespecies of cactus which are cultivated for economic or ornamental purposes5
14413969693Aggregateformed by the conjunction or collection of particles into a whole mass or sum6
14413972313Agriculturalrelated to farming and/or the systematic growing and domestication of plants7
14413976213Alchemista person who practices chemistry/speculative philosophy8
14413978175Amalgamationa consideration of two or more corporations9
14413979592Anarchya state of society without government or law10
14413981351Anatomicallystructural; having connections with dissecting of an animal or plant for research11
14413984492Arbitrarynot fixed by rules but let to one's judgment or choice; discretionary12
14413987375Atollcircular coral reef or strings of reefs rising above and surrounding lagoon13
14413991041Auspiciousfavored by fortune; promising success14
14413992450BantuA group of languages used to classify/identify African tribes that migrated south of the Sahara15
14413994790Bardany of various pieces of defensive armor for a horse; a thin slice of fat or bacon secured to a roast of meat or poultry to prevent its drying out16
14414002335Barona member of the lowest grade of nobility17
14414005054Bestialhaving the form of a beast; without reason or intelligence; in human18
14414006488Biotathe animals, plants, fungi of a region or period19
14414009431Borealof or pertaining to the north wind20
14414010551Brandishto shake or wave, as a weapon; flourish21
14414012577Breadthfreedom from narrowness or restraint22
14414013650Bureaucraciesthe administration of government through departments and subdivisions managed by sets o appointed officials following inflexible routine23
14414028686Cataclysmany violent upheaval; an extensive flood24
14414031340Catalyzeto cause an action between forces initiated by an agent that itself remains unaffected by the action25
14414034037Causationact of causing; an agency which produces effect26
14414035596Caveata warning or caution; admonition27
14414038336Civilizationan advanced state of humanity society, in which a high level of culture, science, industry, and government has been reached28
14414042998Climateprevailing weather conditions of a region, as temperate, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloudiness, and winds29
14414047271Coalesceto grow together; to unite to form one mass30
14414053253Cognitiveknowledgeable in the broader sense31
14414054408Conferringgiving, granting, comparing32
14414055845Continentslarge, continuous discrete masses of land, ideally separated by expanses of water33
14414066040Continuumany compact; connected set; a continuous extent, series, or whole34
14414068257Corveeunpaid work owed by a vassal to his feudal lord; forced; unpaid labor35
14414079572De novonew, fresh, "from the beginning" or "starting over"36
14414096415Decimateto destroy or kill a large part37
14414097345Deficientlacking some element or characteristic38
14414098229Delineatedto trace the outline of; to portray in words; describe or outline with precision39
14414100199Delouseto free of lice40
14414100666Denigrateto speak damaging of; to criticize41
14414103863Devoidnot possessing, untouched by42
14414104334Diabolichaving the qualities of a devil43
14414105383Diffusionthe spread or movement of something from one place/region to another44
14414107228DisparityInequality or difference; unlikeness; incongruity45
14414113854Dispossessto banish; to abandon ownership of46
14414115218Domesticationthe process whereby a population of animals or plants through a process of selection, is changed at the genetic level, accentuating traits that benefit humans47
14414126767Dyadtwo persons involved in an on going relationship; the double chromosomes resulting from the separation of the four chromatids of a tetrad48
14415406256Egalitariancharacterized by the belief that all men should have equal, political, social, and economic rights49
14415408591Embryonicrudimentary, undeveloped50
14415409349Envoya diplomatic agent; any accredited messenger or representative51
14415412480Ephemeralshort lived transitory52
14415414155Etherealextremely delicate or refined53
14415417051Eurasiadescribes the land mass containing the continents of Europe and Asia54
14415417770Explicitlyclearly stated; leaving nothing implied55
14415420133Fallacya deceptive, misleading, or false notion56
14415421894Fallowpale; yellowish; brown color; to plow a field and leave it unseeded for a season57
14415430005Fertile Crescentnicknamed "The Cradle of Civilization" due to the birth of various kingdoms within its borders, is a crescent-shaped region counting the comparatively moist and fertile land of otherwise arid and semi-arid Western Asia, and the Nile Valley and Delta of north east Africa58
14415447152Florathe plants of a particular region or period, listed by species and considered as a whole59
14415448786Formidablecausing fear; apprehension; or dread60
14415450031Hallmarksdistinguishing characters or features61
14418066171Hemispherehalf of the earth, usually conceived as resulting from the division of the globe onto two equal parts north and south or east and west62
14418070194Idiosyncraticthe temperament or mental constitution peculiar to a person or group; any personal peculiarity63
14418073541Ignoramusan extremely ignorant person64
14418078899Implausiblenot believable; unlikely65
14418079491Implicitsuggested or to be understood though not plainly expressed; implied66
14418081761Incipientbeginning to exist or appear; an initial stage67
14418088982Inexorablethat which cannot be moved or influenced by persuasion or entreaty; unrelenting68
14420883355Inextricableincapable of being dissent angles or undone69
14418097525Infidela person who does not accept a particular faith70
14418098151Inherentexisting in someone or something else as a permanent attribute, quality, or element71
14418100265Innateexisting naturally rather than acquired72
14418103375Inoculateto introduce microorganisms into surroundings suited to their growth73
14418105828Inordinatenot within proper or reasonable limits; immoderate; excessive74
14418107226Insuperableincapable of being passed over or being overcome75
14418108130Intractablehard to manage, control, cure, treat, manipulate76
14418109588Irascibleeasily provoked to anger; imitable77
14418111288Jadeto make or become dull, worn-out, or weary, as from overwork or overuse78
14418112656Kleptocracy"rule by thieves" - rulers benefit themselves by taking from citizens of a society79
14418115822Loathsomedisgusting; detestable; intense dislike80
14420885934Logograma conventional, abbreviated symbol for a frequently recurring word or phrase, as the symbol81
14418117480Maritimeconnected with the sea in the relation to navigation82
14418120090Metallurgythe science of metals; to work in the metals or mines83
14418121302Morphologythe former structure of an organism considered as . a whole84
14418122589Mundanepertaining to the world as contrasted with heaven; common or ordinary85
14418125843Mutineerspersons guilty of revolt against authority86
14418126508Myriada very great or indefinitely great number of persons or thing87
14418130528Nascentbeginning to exist or develop88
14420889006Nonviablenot capable of living, growing, and developing; not practicable or workable89
14418131807Overtnot hidden, observable, apparent90
14418133085Patagoniagrassy region in southern south America91
14418140088Paucitysmallness of quantity, scarcity; insufficient in number92
14418214532Perpetuateto preserve from extinction93
14418219390Phonemeany of a small set of units, usually about 20 to 60 in number, considered to be he basic distinctive units of speech sound by which morphemes, words, and sentences are represented94
14418226755Pleistoceneera characterized by the spreading and recession of continental ice sheets and by the appearance of modern man95
14418228577Plyto work with or at diligently96
14418231063Political Organizationthe system or strategy by which a society is organized between its leaders and followers97
14418235138Precociousunusually advanced; or mature un development; ripening or flowering early98
14418850946Precursorspredecessor99
14418852505Presagesoemthing that portends or foreshadows a future event100
14418853906Profusiona pouring forth with much wastefulness101
14418854516Progenitora biologically related ancestor102
14418859218Progenya descendant or offspring, child, plant, or animal103
14418860731Proliferateto grow or produce by multiplication of parts104
14418862536Prolixextended to be great, unnecessary, or tedious length; long and wordy105
14418866205Proselytizeto convert or attempt to convert from one opinion or religious belief to another106
14418868059Proximatevery near or next, as in space, time, or order (a factor or event directly leading to another event or consequence)107
14418877358Protohumansearly manlike primates108
14418877966Putativecommonly regarded as such; reputed; supposed109
14418879112Quintessencethe pure and concentrated essence of a substance110
14418880361Repertoireall the musical or theatrical works of a particular category or writer111
14418882005Resinousfull of or containing the "sticky" substance found in fiberglass112
14418884059Salientprominent or conspicuous113
14418884884Sedentaryremaining in one locality; not migratory114
14418886707Seminalhighly original and influencing the development of future events; a seminal artist; seminal ideas115
14418888150Serendipitousto come upon by accident; good; beneficial116
14418890572Stratifiedformed or arranged in layers; divided into social groups or classes117
14420838642Stratifyto form in layers; to preserve or germinated by arranging in layers118
14420840058Subjugatedto bring under control; to cause to become subservient119
14420840860Subsistenceto supply just enough food or resources for survival120
14420841505Subsumeto consider or include an idea, or term, as part of a more comprehensive one121
14420842404Succinctexpressed in few words; concise122
14420845684Succumbedto giveaway, yield, submit123
14420846918Sunderto separate, part, divide124
14420848086Supplantto take the place of another; to replace125
14420848467Surplusresources (such as food) above the minimum necessary to survive allowing for the sale or trade of the excess126
14420850094Tabooproscribe by society as improper or unacceptable127
14420850613Tanninany group of astringent vegetable and principals or compounds128
14420851715TechnologyThe making, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the collection of such tools, machinery, and procedures.129
14420855707Terrestrialrelating to the earth; consisting of land; growing in the ground or land130
14420857305Trajectoriesthe curved path of something hurtling through space131
14420894578Trajectorythe curved described by a projectile132
14420858015Treatisea formal, systematic book on some subject133
14420858456Trypanosomeparasite in the blood or tissue transmitted by insects; this causes diseases such as African Sleeping Sickness134
14420860100Ubiquitousexisting or being everywhere135
14420862029Unabashedlynot ashamed, not restrained by embarrassment or consciousness136
14420863363Variationthe measurement, analysis, and understanding of change and differences among and between two things137
14420865172Weira small dam in a river or stream138
14420865512Zeniththe point on the celestial sphere directly above the position of the observer139
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AP WORLD HISTORY dates Flashcards

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13790228131476 - 1000ishThe Dark Ages / Medieval Period0
13790231316622 CEFounding of Islam1
13790236680750-1258Abbasid Dynasty (Islamic Golden Age / Capital at Baghdad)2
137902418911200Rise of the Mongols (Silk Roads revitalized, etc.)3
137902452901258Mongols sack Baghdad, end of Abbasid caliphate4
137902515691347-1348Bubonic plague in Europe5
137902515701400Renaissance (1400ish -1650) begins to formulate in Northern Italy6
137902559471433end of Zheng He's voyages/Rise of Ottomans7
137902600201453Ottomans capture Constantinople8
137902665191492Date: Columbus "Sailed the Ocean Blue" / Reconquista of Spain9
137902732351517Martin Luther/95 theses10
137902831001521Cortez conquered the Aztecs11
137903062371650-1800Age of Enlightenment/Reason in Europe12
137903101721750Industrial Revolution begins in England13
137903154801789French Revolution14
137903212891839-1842Opium War in China15
137903283091853Commodore Perry opens Japan16
137903367471861Serfdom abolished in Russia17
137903398701871Germany unifies under Bismarck18
137903448041885Berlin Conference -Imperialism and the "Scramble for Africa"19
137903599541914-1918World War I ( panama canal completed 1914)20
137903726571917Russian Revolution21
137903800091939-1945World War II22
137903800101949people's republic of china established23
137903868251989Tienanmen square/ fall of Berlin wall24
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AP WORLD HISTORY Flashcards

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14202962654AbdicateTo give up sovereign power, office, or responsibilities usually formally0
14202962655Absolutism1. A political theory that absolute power should be vested in one or more rulers. 2. Advocacy of absolute standards of principles1
14202962656AppeasementForeign Policy for pacifying an aggrieved nation through negotiation in order to prevent war.2
14202962657Assimilate1. To take something in and make it part of and like the thing it has joined 2. To make similar3
14202962658BoyarA member of a Russian aristocrat order next in rank below the ruling princes until its abolition by Peter the Great4
14202962659Buddha1. A person who has attained the perfect spiritual fulfillment sought in Buddhism 2. A representation of Gautama Buddha5
14202962660BushiSamurai/Warrior6
14202962661ChosenSelected or marked for favor or special privilege7
14202962662Confucius551-479 b.c. Chinese philosopher8
14202962663Despotic1. A ruler with absolute power and authority 2. A person exercising power abusively, oppressively, or tyrannously9
14202962664Diaspora1. The settling of scattered colonies of Jews outside Palestine after the Babylonian exile10
14202962665DichotomyA division into or distinction between two groups that are mutually exclusive or contradictory.11
14202962666Domesticity1. The quality or state of being domestic or domesticated 2. Domestic activists ot life 3. Domestic affairs12
14202962667EgalitarianAsserting, promoting, or marked by egalitarianism.13
14202962668GDP (gross domestic product)Total market value of the goods and services produced by a country's economy during a specified period of time.14
14202962669Genghis Khanabout 1162-1227 Mongol conqueror15
14202962670GuildsAn association of people with similar with similar interests or pursuits16
14202962671HegemonyDominant influence or authority especially of one nation over others17
14202962672Hellenistic1. Of or relating to Greek history, culture, or art after the conquests of Alexander the Great 2. Of it relating to the Hellenists18
14386453272Icon(n.) a representation or image of a sacred personage or events in mural painting, mosaic, or wood.19
14386453273Ideologya system of social or political ideas (practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones)20
14386453274impedeTo obstruct or interfere with; to delay21
14386453275indigenousoriginating in or produced, growing, or living naturally in a particular region or environment.22
14386453276infrastructurethe basic framework of a building or a system23
14386453277investitureAct of installing a person in an office rank or order24
14386453278Jihadholy war waged on behalf of Islam as a religious duty25
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AP English Allusions Flashcards

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8853653421NarcissusGreek mythology; fell in love with his own reflection0
8853663770KA street in Washington, DC where many lobbyists have offices1
8853670887SisyphusGreek mythology; punished by having to roll stone up a hill; often a symbol of frustration or never-ending job2
8853677988PersephoneGreek mythology; kidnapped by Hades; mom was Demeter; Because she ate 6 pomegranate seeds, she must spend 6 months of year with Hades in Underworld3
8853687162TantalusGreek mythology; tried to feed son to gods; punished by having food/water just out of reach4
8853696030Cold WarTerm used to mean "deep-seated ill will"; refers to state of political hostility between US and USSR from 1945-19905
8853708110PandoraReceived gift from Hermes; when she opened the the gift, all the evil of the world escaped6
8853720485appleFrom the tree of knowledge of good and evil in the Garden of Eden; has come to represent temptation or man's desire to be God7
8853733727Garden of EdenPlace that has come to mean "perfection" OR fruit that is called "the forbidden fruit" and has come to mean temptation or unlawful pleasure8
8853738745FaustusCharacter in a play written by Christopher Marlowe who was tempted by Mephistopheles to sell his soul to Satan in exchange for "everything he wanted"9
8853754337JobRich, pious and upright man; Satan said he was only faithful because he had been given so much; he was tested---he lost everything, yet remained faithful. Some think Chaunticleer (in BofDC) shared similar paths.10
8853762335PandoraGreek mythology; box given by Hermes as a wedding gift; she was told not to open the gift, but she did, thus letting out all the evils of the world except one; humans still have hope because foreboding was trapped inside the gift11
8853768389references/ resourcesJewishEncyclopedia.com, Bartlby.com, CatholicEncyclopedia.com12
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ap Flashcards

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5926052973urbanthe built up space of the central city and suburbs0
5926052974citya conglomeration of people and buildings clustered together ti serve as a center of politics, culture, and economics1
5926052975urban hierarchyranking of settlement according to their size and economic functions2
5926052976hamletlowest level of settlement (often not urban); offers few if any services3
5926052977villageclustered human settlements larger than a village; may range from a few to a thousands of inhabitants generally many goods and services are avaliable4
5926052978metropolisusually contains several urbanized areas and suburbs that act together as a coherent economic law5
5926052979cbdcentral business district the downtown of a city6
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AP Statistics Chapter 5 Flashcards

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8874711811ProbabilityA number between 0 and 1 that describes the proportion of times any outcome of a chance process would occur in a very long series of repetitions.0
8874711812Law of Large NumbersIf we observe more and more repetitions of any chance process, the proportion of times a specific outcome will occur approaches a single value (in the long run). In the short run, it is unpredictable.1
8874711813SimulationAn imitation of chance behavior based on a model that accurately reflects the situation.2
8874711814Performing a Simulation1. State: Ask a question of interest. 2. Plan: Describe how to imitate the chance process, using a device such as cards, a random number generator, or a table of random digits. 3. Do: Perform many repetitions. 4. Conclude: Answer your question of interest using your data.3
8874711815Sample Space (S)The set of all possible outcomes of a chance process.4
8874711816Probability ModelA description of some chance process that consists of two parts: a sample space S and a probability for each outcome.5
8874711817EventAny collection of outcomes from some chance process. A subset of the sample space. Usually designated by capital letters.6
8874711818Basic Rules of Probability1. The probability of any event is between 0 and 1. 2. All possible outcomes must add up to 1. 3. The probability of event does not occur is one minus the probability it does. 4. If two events have no outcomes in common, the probability one or the other occurs is their sum. 5. If all outcomes int he sample space are equally likely, the probability that event A occurs can be found using the formula P(A)= total of outcomes corresponding to event A/total number of outcomes in sample space7
8874711819ComplementEverything other than an outcome/event in the sample space. Complement rule: P(A^c) = 1 - P(A)8
8874711820Mutually Exclusive (Disjoint)Two outcomes that have no outcomes in common so can never occur together. Can never be independent, because one can't happen with the other.9
8874711821Venn DiagramA way to illustrate the sample space of a chance process including two events, consisting of two circles representing the events.10
8874711822Intersection (∩)All the outcomes in common between two events compared. P(A and B)11
8874711823Union (U)All the outcomes in the two events included. P(A or B)12
8874711824General Addition RuleP(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B) Fixes the double counting problem because of the overlapping outcomes.13
8874711825Conditional ProbabilityThe probability an event will occur given another event has already occurred. Denoted by P(B|A). For example, the probability the person is a man given he is 30. P(B|A) = P(A∩B)/P(B) P(A|B) = P(B∩A)/P(A)14
8874711826Independent EventsTwo events in which the occurrence of one event does not change the probability the other with happen. P(A|B) = P(A), and P(B|A) = P(B)15
8874711827General Multiplication RuleFinds the probability both A and B occur using the formula: P(A and B) = P(A∩B) = P(A) * P(B|A)16
8874711828Tree DiagramDisplays the sample space of a process involving a sequence of events, with each each subsequent event branching out from the first17
8874711829Multiplication Rule for Independent EventsIf A and B are independent, probability A and B both occur is: P(A∩B) = P(A) * P(B)18
8874711830Finding if Two Events are Independent1. P(B|A) = P(B) 2. P(A|B) = P(A)19
8874711831Long-run behaviorprobability approaches outcome20
8874711832relative frequencypercent, in long-run is probability21
8874711833addition rule for mutually exclusive eventsP(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)22
8874711834disjointP(A and B)=023
8874711835two-way tabletable of counts that organizes data about two categorical variables24
8874711836How to find the probability of at least oneP(at least one)=1-P(none)25
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AP Psych Unit 1 Flashcards

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10665730076empiricismthe view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation0
10665730077structuralisman early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind1
10665730078functionalisma school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish2
10665730079experimental psychologythe study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method3
10665730080behaviorismthe view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2)4
10665730081humanistic psychologyhistorically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth5
10665730082cognitive neurosciencethe interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)6
10665730083psychologythe science of behavior and mental processes7
10665730084nature-nurture issuethe longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today's science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture8
10665730085natural selectionthe principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival with most likely be passed on to succeeding generations9
10665730086level of analysisthe differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon10
10665730087biopsychosocial approachan integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis11
10665730088biological psychologya branch of psychology that studies the links between biological (including neuroscience and behavior genetics) and psychological processes12
10665730089evolutionary psychologythe study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection13
10665730090psychodynamic psychologya branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders14
10665730091behavioral psychologythe scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning15
10665730092cognitive psychologythe scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating16
10665730093social-cultural psychologythe study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking17
10665730094psychometricsthe scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits18
10665730095basic researchpure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base19
10665730096developmental psychologythe scientific study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span20
10665730097educational psychologythe study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning21
10665730098personality psychologythe study of an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting22
10665730099social psychologythe scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another23
10665730100applied researchscientific study that aims to solve practical problems24
10665730101industrial-organizational (I/O) psychologythe application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces25
10665730102human factors psychologythe study of how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily used machines and environments26
10665730103counseling psychologya branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being27
10665730104clinical psychologya branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders28
10665730105psychiatrya branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who often provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy29
10665730106introspectiona method of self-observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings30
10688366094SQ3Ra study method incorporating five steps: Survey, Question, Read, Rehearse, Review31
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AP Bio Summer Assignment Flashcards

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7272325733Types of graphs (5)line, scatter, bar, histogram, pie0
7272326152Linechanges over time (years, minutes, etc)1
7272326153Scattercorrelation between two variables best fit line: half above, half below perfect positive correlation = 1 perfect negative correlation = -1 no correlation = 0 closer to 0, weaker it is2
7272326556Barcomparing groups different from histogram: -space in between bars -numbers DV, words IV3
7272326557Histogramdistribution data different from bar graph: -bars touch -IV and DV numbers4
7272326558Pieparts of a whole percentage5
7272378089Parameter vs sampleeverything vs a part of everything6
7272359004N meaningsample size7
7272362382x(bar) meaningaverage, mean8
7272362383M meaningmedian, midpoint9
7272365911range meaningdifference between extremes10
7272366869degrees of freedomn-111
7272368929example that explains degrees of freedomIf you're given 8 numbers in an equation and are allowed to choose those 8 #'s, all numbers except the last can be anything you wish. This is because there's a specified result to the equation and the last # decides whether you can achieve that result or not.12
7272381906normal distributiontype of standard deviation that looks like a bell shaped curve13
7272381526standard deviationa measure of variation, i.e. how spread out the numbers are the closer the data appears on a graph the smaller the st. dev. the farther apart, the larger the st. dev14
7272393005standard deviation formula(image)15
7272399930importance of standard errorshows precision of data as well as accuracy more trials = smaller standard error16
7272406939St. error formula(image)17
7272412913if SEM bars overlap and the mean is within it meansno difference between two groups18
7272416447if SEM bars overlap and the mean is NOT within it meansno similarity or difference two groups19
7272416448if SEM bars do NOT overlapdifference between two groups20
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