AP Biology Cell Division Flashcards
Chapter 12
Cell Division / Mitosis
Vocabulary: gene, cell division, chromosomes, somatic cells, gametes, chromatin, sister chromatids, centromere, mitosis, cytokinesis, meiosis, mitotic phase, interphase, centrosome, aster, kinetochore, cleavage furrow, cell plate, mitotic spindle, binary fission, transformation, benign tumor, malignant tumor, metastasis
Objectives:
After attending lectures and studying the chapter, the student should be able to:
1. Define gene as it relates to the genetic material in a cell.
2. Describe the composition of the genetic material in bacteria, in archaea, and in eukaryotic cells.
3. State the location of the genetic material in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
4. Distinguish between the structure of the genetic material as chromatin and as
chromosomes.
5. Distinguish between the function of the genetic material as chromatin and as
chromosomes.
6. Relating to eukaryotic cells:
a. Describe the centromere region in the genetic material.
b. State the role of cohesins in duplicated genetic material.
c. Describe the sister chromatids of a duplicated chromosome.
d. State the role of the kinetochores on the chromatids at the centromere of a duplicated
chromosome.
e. Describe spindle fibers and state their role in the separation of chromosomes during eukaryotic cell division.
f. Describe the role of centrosomes in the formation of the spindle apparatus.
g. Distinguish between a gene and an allele.
h. Describe homologous chromosomes.
i. Distinguish between an individual's genome and karyotype.
j. State the number of chromosomes in human haploid cells and in human diploid cells.
k. State which cells in humans are haploid, which cells are diploid, and which cells are neither.
7. State the two major parts of the cell cycle.
8. Describe the differences of growth characteristics between a cancerous (transformed) cell and a normal cell.
8. Relating to the prokaryotic cell cycle:
a. State the number of chromosomes in a prokaryotic cell.
b.
Terms : Hide Images
| 9733368997 | Cell Cycle | An ordered sequence of events in the life of a cell |  | 0 |
| 9733368998 | Mitosis | A process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells. Produces genetically identical cells |  | 1 |
| 9733368999 | Cytokinesis | The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells immediately after mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II. |  | 2 |
| 9733369000 | Cell Division | The reproduction of cells |  | 3 |
| 9733369001 | Genome | The genetic material of an organism or virus |  | 4 |
| 9733369002 | Chromosomes | A cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins |  | 5 |
| 9733369003 | Chromatin | The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes. When the cell is not dividing, exists in its dispersed form, as a mass of very long, thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope |  | 6 |
| 9733369004 | Somatic Cells | Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg |  | 7 |
| 9733369005 | Gametes | A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm. Unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote. |  | 8 |
| 9733369006 | Sister Chromatids | Two copies of a duplicated chromosome attached to each other by proteis at the centromere and sometimes, along the arms. While joined, two sister chromatids make up one chromosome. Chromatids are eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II |  | 9 |
| 9733369007 | Centromere | Joins two sister chromatids |  | 10 |
| 9733369008 | How many chromatids are in a duplicated chromosome? | 2 | | 11 |
| 9733369009 | mitotic (M) phase | The phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis. |  | 12 |
| 9733369010 | interphase | The period in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing. Cellular metabolic activity is high, chromosomes and organelles are duplicated, and cell size may increase. Often accounts for about 90% of the cell cycle. |  | 13 |
| 9733369011 | mitotic spindle | An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movement of chromosomes during mitosis. |  | 14 |
| 9733369012 | Transformation | (1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell. When the external DNA is from a member of a different species, transformation results in horizontal gene transfer | 15 | |
| 9733369013 | binary fission | A method of asexual reproduction by "division in half." |  | 16 |
| 9733369014 | asexual reproduction | A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts. | 17 | |
| 9733369015 | sexual reproduction | A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents. | 18 | |
| 9733369016 | diploid cell | A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent. | 19 | |
| 9733369017 | haploid cell | A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n). | 20 | |
| 9733369018 | Meiosis | A series of two cell division which separates homologous chromosomes into four, haploid sex cells. | 21 | |
| 9733369019 | S Phase | The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated. | 22 | |
| 9733369020 | G2 Phase | The second gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs. | 23 | |
| 9733369021 | Centrosome | A structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells that functions as a microtubule-organizing center and is important during cell division, contains the centriole. | 24 | |
| 9733369022 | Metaphase Plate | An imaginary structure located at a plane midway between the two poles of a cell in metaphase on which the centromeres of all the duplicated chromosomes are located. | 25 | |
| 9733369023 | Cleavage Furrow | The first sign of cleavage in an animal cell; a shallow groove around the cell in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate. | 26 | |
| 9733369024 | Cell Plate | A membrane-bounded, flattened sac located at the midline of a dividing plant cell, inside which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis. | 27 | |
| 9733369025 | Cell cycle control system | A cyclically operating set of molecules in the eukaryotic cell that both triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle. | 28 | |
| 9733369026 | G0 Phase | A nondividing state occupied by cells that have left the cell cycle, sometimes reversibly. |  | 29 |
| 9733369027 | Growth Factor | (1) A protein that must be present in the extracellular environment (culture medium or animal body) for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells. (2) A local regulator that acts on nearby cells to stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation. | 30 | |
| 9733369028 | What are the 4 phases of mitosis? | Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase | 31 | |
| 9733369029 | Prophase | The first stage of mitosis, in which 3 things happen: 1) chromatin condenses into chromosomes 2) Nuclear envelope breaks down 3) mitotic spindle fibers are assembled. | 32 | |
| 9733369030 | Metaphase | The 2nd stage of mitosis, in which the spindle is complete and the chromosomes, attached to microtubules at their kinetochores, are all aligned at the metaphase plate. |  | 33 |
| 9733369031 | Anaphase | The 3rd stage of mitosis, in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell. |  | 34 |
| 9733369032 | Telophase | The 4th and final stage of mitosis, in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokinesis has typically begun. |  | 35 |
| 9733369033 | How many chromatids are in ONE duplicated chromosome? | 2 | | 36 |
| 9733369034 | spindle fibers | Microtubules involved in the movement of chromosomes during mitosis. | | 37 |
| 9733369035 | Through a microscope, you can see a cell with two nuclei.. This cell is most likely in what state Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase | a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis. | 38 | |
| 9733369038 | What are 2 parts of cell division? | Mitosis and Cytokinesis Cell division consists of two processes: mitosis and cytokinesis. Mitosis— division of the nucleus and its chromosomes | 39 | |
| 9733369040 | What happens during metaphase? | 1. The mitotic spindle is fully formed 2. The microtubules attached to kinetochores move the chromosomes to the metaphase plate, an imaginary plane equidistant from the poles. | 40 | |
| 9733369041 | What happens during anaphase? | 1. The two centromeres of each chromosome come apart, separating the sister chromatids. 2. The spindle fibers pull apart the chromatids to form two nucleus of the cells. | 41 | |
| 9733369042 | What happens during Telophase? | 1. nuclear envelopes form around the identical sets of chromosomes at the two poles of the cell. 2. The chromosomes uncoil 3. Nucleoli appear in the two new nuclei. | 42 | |
| 9733369043 | G1 Phase | The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins. | 43 | |
| 9733369045 | The region of a chromosome holding the two double strands of replicated DNA together is called _____. | a centromere | | 44 |
AP review Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 13993316975 | commodity money | objects that have value in themselves and that are also used as money | 0 | |
| 13993322750 | fiat money | money that has value because the government has ordered that it is an acceptable means to pay debts | 1 | |
| 13993326266 | Three functions of money | medium of exchange, unit of account, store of value | 2 | |
| 13993329687 | medium of exchange | function of money, can make transactions | 3 | |
| 13993339258 | store of value | function of money, can be used to store the value of past services and wealth for long periods of time | 4 | |
| 13993360688 | A unit of account | function of money, measures the real value of something and allows for comparison | 5 | |
| 13993376144 | characteristics of money | portability, durability, divisibility, universal acceptance, difficult to reproduce | 6 | |
| 13993399700 | m1 | currency, demand deposits, traveler's checks, and other checkable deposits | 7 | |
| 13993414682 | m2 | M1 plus savings accounts, certificates of deposit, and other liquid assets | 8 | |
| 13993490348 | Tools of Monetary Policy | reserve requirement, discount rate, open market operations | 9 | |
| 13993524983 | Pigou's wealth effect | when the price level falls, consumers have more purchasing powe | 10 | |
| 13993558339 | keyenes's interest rate effect | as less money is needed for purchases, the interest rate decreases because more money is saved | 11 | |
| 13993596625 | Mundell-Fleming exchange rate | as interest rates fall, due to falling prices, domestic investors invest in foreign banks, as a result of this growth in the international money supply, the value of domestic currency goes down relative to foreign currency, and exports increase | 12 | |
| 13993656685 | aggregate supply | the total amount of goods and services in the economy available at all possible price levels | 13 | |
| 13993674309 | Shifts in aggregate demand curve | Change in price level/inflation Consumer income and wealth increases Higher expectations for economy in the future Expansionary monetary and fiscal policy Favorable exchange rate movement | 14 | |
| 13993680296 | Shifts of the Short-Run Aggregate Supply Curve | 1. changes in size, or quality of labor force 2. changes in quality or quantity of capital stock through investment 3. technological progress and impact of innovation 4. changes in productivity 5. changes in unit wage costs 6. changes in subsidies and taxes 7. changes in inflation expectations | 15 | |
| 13993743373 | agregate demand curve | the conditions surrounding the amount of goods and services demanded | 16 | |
| 13993767683 | long-run aggregate supply curve | the productive resources available to meet demand | 17 | |
| 14006738617 | Shifts in Consumption Function | Change in Household Wealth Change in Interest Rates Change in Expectations change in inflation changes in the general price level | 18 | |
| 14006767983 | changes in investment function | bushiness expectations current growth in demand interest rates tax environment | 19 | |
| 14006800127 | Changes in Net Exports | national income exchange rates relative prices | 20 | |
| 14006837711 | Changes in government spending | fiscal policy state and local pollitics | 21 | |
| 14006847594 | money market graph |  | 22 | |
| 14006857311 | Loanable Funds Graph |  | 23 | |
| 14006865761 | factor market graph |  | 24 | |
| 14006878789 | aggregate supply/demand graph |  | 25 | |
| 14006883657 | Phillips Curve |  | 26 | |
| 14006909749 | Foreign exchange graph |  | 27 | |
| 14006993159 | absolute advantage | the ability to produce a good using fewer inputs than another producer | 28 | |
| 14006998844 | comparative advantage | the ability to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than another producer | 29 |
APES Miller Chapter 11 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 11609566619 | fishery | concentration of particular aquatic species suitable for commercial harvesting in a given ocean area or inland body of water | 0 | |
| 11609566620 | fishprint | area of ocean needed to sustain the consumption of an average person, a nation, or the world | 1 | |
| 11609566621 | Asian carp | Fish, outcompeting native fish in the Mississippi River system by eating a tremendous amount of plankton and leaping from one body of water; threaten to enter the Great Lakes | 2 | |
| 11609566622 | commercial extinction | overfishing leads to a time when it is no longer profitable to continue harvesting the affected species | 3 | |
| 11609566623 | purse-seine fishing | when large fishing vessels enclose a school of fish near the surface or in shallow areas which have been known | 4 | |
| 11609566624 | drift-net fishing | fish are caught by huge drifting nets that can hang as deep at 15 meters (50 feet) below the surface and extend to 64 km (40 miles) long | 5 | |
| 11609566625 | exclusive economic zones | a country's offshore fishing zone extends to 370 kilometers (200 nautical miles) from its shores. When a foreign fishing vessel takes a certain quota with the government's permission, it occurs in this zone. | 6 | |
| 11609566626 | marine protected areas (MPAs) | the global system of areas of ocean partially protected from human activities; there are more than 4,000 MPAs (write it out) worldwide | 7 | |
| 11609566627 | integrated coastal management (ICM) | a community-based effort to develop and use coastal resources more sustainably | 8 | |
| 11609566628 | sustainable seafood | bottom-up pressure from consumers demanding more responsible fishing practices | 9 | |
| 11609566629 | mitigation banking | this allows destruction of existing wetlands as long as an equal area of the same type of wetland is created or restored | 10 | |
| 11609566630 | zebra mussel | a thumbnail-sized mollusk that reproduces rapidly and has no known natural enemies in the Great Lakes. It has depleted the food supply for other aquatic species, clogged irrigation pipes, water supplies, fouled beaches, and jammed ship's rudders | 11 | |
| 11609566631 | trawler fishing | this involves dragging a funnel-shaped net held open at the neck along the ocean bottom. It is weighted down with with chains or metal plates scrapping up almost everything that lies on the ocean floor and often destroys bottom habitats (think ocean clear cutting) | 12 | |
| 11609566632 | long-lining | this fish catching process involves putting out lines up to 100 km (60 mi) long, hung with thousands of baited hooks, that catch not only fish but endangered sea turtles, dolphins, and seabirds each year | 13 | |
| 11609566633 | bycatch | unwanted marine animals caught with the commercial catch | 14 | |
| 11609566634 | high seas | ocean areas beyond the legal jurisdiction of any country where it is hard to monitor and enforce the laws and treaties pertaining to them. | 15 | |
| 11609566635 | marine reserves | areas that are declared off-limits to destructive human activities in order to enable their ecosystems to recover and flourish | 16 | |
| 11609566636 | individual transfer rights / fish shares | allows countries to catch certain quantities of fish and to sell or lease their shares | 17 | |
| 11609566637 | aquaculture | fish farming operations | 18 | |
| 11609566638 | sea lamprey | parasite that attaches itself to almost any kind of fish and kills the victim by sucking out its blood | 19 | |
| 11609566639 | quagga mussel | a larger and more potentially more destructive species, this mollusk can survive at greater depths and tolerate more extreme temperatures. It has reduced the food supply for many fish and other species causing major destruction to Lake Michigan's food web. | 20 | |
| 11609566640 | lionfish | invasive species which destroys fish that inhabit coral reefs | 21 | |
| 11609566641 | ocean acidification | when CO2 dissolves in seawater, it reacts with water to form carbonic acid, which lowers ocean pH | 22 | |
| 11609566642 | carbonate ions | component ofshells | 23 | |
| 11609566643 | Atlantic cod fishery | a fishery which collapsed due to overfishing | 24 | |
| 11609566644 | jellyfish | free-swimming sea animal with a bell-shaped, jelly-like body and stinging tentacles; population is increasing rapidly due to absence of predators, warmer waters, and nutrient runoff which increases plankton, on which they feed; threaten to take over entire ecosystems | 25 | |
| 11609566645 | sharks | a keystone species of the ocean which is threatened by extinction due to fishing for shark fin soup and for meat | 26 | |
| 11609566646 | maximum sustained yield | harvesting at a level that produces a constant yield without forcing a population into decline | 27 | |
| 11609566647 | optimum sustained yield | takes into account interactions among species and provides more room for error | 28 | |
| 11609566648 | multispecies management | estimates a number of interacting species, taking into account their predator-prey relationships | 29 | |
| 11609566649 | catch-share system | fishermen share the catch so that everyone has a part of the total allowable catch | 30 | |
| 11609566650 | sea turtles | in danger of extinction due to pollution, hunting for shells and eggs, rising sea levels, and destruction of coral reefs by trawling | 31 | |
| 11609566651 | plastic ocean pollution | kills birds and mammals which think it is food | 32 |
AP2 Lab Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 13666385967 | sphenoidal sinus | Name number 1 |  | 0 |
| 13666385968 | internal nares | name no 2 | | 1 |
| 13666385969 | nasopharynx | 3? | | 2 |
| 13666385970 | uvula | 4? | | 3 |
| 13666385971 | oropharynx | 5? | | 4 |
| 13666385972 | laryngopharynx | 6? | | 5 |
| 13666385973 | Esophagus | 7? | | 6 |
| 13666385974 | frontal sinus | 21? | | 7 |
| 13666385975 | cribriform plate | 20? | | 8 |
| 13666385976 | inferior, middle, Superior Concha | 17,18 & 19? | | 9 |
| 13666385977 | vestibule | 16 | | 10 |
| 13666385978 | external nares | 15 | | 11 |
| 13666385979 | hard palate | 14 | | 12 |
| 13666385980 | soft palate | 13 | | 13 |
| 13666385981 | tongue | 12 | | 14 |
| 13666385982 | hyoid bone | 11 | | 15 |
| 13666385983 | Epiglottis | 10 | | 16 |
| 13666386288 | thyroid cartilage | 9 | | 17 |
| 13666386289 | cricoid cartilage | 8 | | 18 |
| 13666386290 | hyoid bone | 1 |  | 19 |
| 13666386291 | thyroid cartilage | 2 | | 20 |
| 13666386292 | Epiglottis | 3 | | 21 |
| 13666386293 | cricoid cartilage | 4 | | 22 |
| 13666386294 | tracheal cartilage | 5 | | 23 |
| 13666385984 | Trachea | 1 |  | 24 |
| 13666385985 | left primary bronchus | 2 | | 25 |
| 13666385986 | secondary bronchus | 3 | | 26 |
| 13666385987 | tertiary bronchi | 4 | | 27 |
| 13666385988 | Bronchiole | 5 | | 28 |
| 13666385989 | terminal bronchiole | 6 | | 29 |
| 13667219998 | terminal bronchiole | 1 |  | 30 |
| 13667219999 | alveolar ducts | 2 | | 31 |
| 13667220000 | alveolar sac | 3 | | 32 |
| 13667220001 | right Superior lobe | 1 |  | 33 |
| 13667220002 | left Superior lobe | 4 | | 34 |
| 13667220003 | right middle lobe | 2 | | 35 |
| 13667220004 | right inferior lobe | 3 | | 36 |
| 13667220005 | left inferior lobe | 5 | | 37 |
| 13667220006 | Lungs | this is a histology of what? |  | 38 |
| 13667220007 | Alveoli | 2? |  | 39 |
| 13667220008 | blood vessel | 1? (big red spot) | | 40 |
| 13667220009 | hyoid bone | 1 |  | 41 |
| 13667220010 | thyroid cartilage | 3 | | 42 |
| 13667236492 | cricoid cartilage | 4 | | 43 |
| 13667220011 | left primary bronchus | 6 | | 44 |
| 13667220012 | Trachea | 13 | | 45 |
| 13667220013 | right primary bronchus | 15 | | 46 |
| 13667220014 | secondary bronchial | 17 | | 47 |
| 13667220015 | Larynx | 1 |  | 48 |
| 13667220016 | Trachea | 2 | | 49 |
| 13667220181 | primary bronchus | 4 | | 50 |
| 13667220182 | secondary bronchus | 5 | | 51 |
| 13667220183 | tertiary bronchus | 6 | | 52 |
| 13667220184 | Diaphram | 11 | | 53 |
| 13668309437 | urinary bladder | histology of what? |  | 54 |
| 13668309438 | transitional epithelium | the area after the lumen between the submucosa is made up of what kind of epithelium? (edge) | | 55 |
| 13668309439 | ureter | histology of what? |  | 56 |
| 13668309440 | kidney | histology of what? |  | 57 |
| 13668309441 | glomerulus | what is the structure found in this histology photo of the kidney? | | 58 |
| 13668309442 | kidney | what is this a picture of |  | 59 |
| 13668309443 | renal cortex | 1 |  | 60 |
| 13668309444 | renal column | 2 | | 61 |
| 13668309445 | renal pyramid | 3 | | 62 |
| 13668309446 | Hilus | 4 | | 63 |
| 13668309447 | renal medulla | 5 | | 64 |
| 13668309448 | renal capsule | 6 | | 65 |
| 13668309449 | renal pelvis | 7 | | 66 |
| 13668309450 | minor calyx | 8 | | 67 |
| 13668309451 | renal papilla | 9 | | 68 |
| 13668309452 | glomerulus 7. capsule 6 | find glomerulus and the capsule |  | 69 |
| 13668309369 | diabetes | on a test strip : high glucose + ketones + low ph equals what | 70 | |
| 13668309370 | kidney disease | ona test strip: High Protein Plus high blood | 71 | |
| 13668309371 | UTI (very red) | on a test strip: a lot of nitrates + decreased specific gravity | 72 | |
| 13668309737 | inscisors, canine, premolars, molars | in order from 1 to 4, name the kind of teeth shown in this structure |  | 73 |
| 13668309738 | uvula | 5 | | 74 |
| 13668309453 | salivary glands | parotid, sublingual and submandibular are all what? |  | 75 |
| 13668609641 | liver | 6 | | 76 |
| 13668609642 | common bile duct | 9 | | 77 |
| 13668609643 | Gallbladder | 8 |  | 78 |
| 13668609644 | cystic duct | 7 |  | 79 |
| 13668609645 | small intestine | 13 |  | 80 |
| 13668609646 | transverse colon | 14 |  | 81 |
| 13668609647 | descending colon | 15 | | 82 |
| 13668609648 | ascending colon | 16 | | 83 |
| 13668609589 | sigmoid colon | 18 | 84 | |
| 13668609649 | veriform appendix | 19 |  | 85 |
| 13668609650 | Rectum | 20 |  | 86 |
| 13668609651 | anus | 21 | | 87 |
| 13668609652 | stomach | 10 |  | 88 |
| 13668609653 | Spleen | 11 |  | 89 |
| 13668609654 | Pancreas | 12 | | 90 |
| 13668610910 | parotid gland | 1 |  | 91 |
| 13668609590 | 92 | |||
| 13668609655 | sublingual gland | 2 |  | 93 |
| 13668609656 | submandibular gland | 3 | | 94 |
| 13668609657 | Pharynx | 4 | | 95 |
| 13668609658 | fundus | 1 |  | 96 |
| 13668609687 | Esophagus | 2 | | 97 |
| 13668610911 | pyloric sphincter and pyloric canal;pyloris | name 5 and 6.. what do they make up? (7) |  | 98 |
| 13668609688 | greater curvature | 4 | | 99 |
| 13668609659 | body | 3 | | 100 |
| 13668609592 | crown | 1 |  | 101 |
| 13668609593 | root | 2 |  | 102 |
| 13669162504 | enamel; dentin | name three and four |  | 103 |
| 13669162505 | pulp cavity | 5 | | 104 |
| 13669162506 | cementum; periodontal ligament | name 6 and 7 |  | 105 |
| 13669162507 | root canal | 8? |  | 106 |
| 13669162508 | parotid, submandibular and sublingual gland | name one two and three in that order |  | 107 |
| 13669162509 | right hepatic duct, cystic duct, gallbladder | one, two, three? |  | 108 |
| 13669162510 | duodenum, common bile duct | name four and six | | 109 |
| 13669162511 | sphincter of oddi | what is number five | | 110 |
| 13669162512 | left hepatic duct ;common hepatic duct | name the structures labeled 9 and 8 | | 111 |
| 13669162513 | pancreatic duct | what is the structure labeled number 7? | | 112 |
| 13669162514 | ileum | this photo micrograph is of what structure? |  | 113 |
| 13669162515 | duodenum | what structure? |  | 114 |
| 13669162516 | large intestine | what structure? |  | 115 |
| 13669162517 | esophageal | what structure? |  | 116 |
| 13669162518 | liver | what structure? |  | 117 |
| 13669162519 | Pancreas | what structure? |  | 118 |
| 13669162520 | stomach | what structure? |  | 119 |
| 13669162521 | pancreatic islet | pancreas slide contains what circular feature ? | | 120 |
| 13669162439 | Iodine | which chemical test indicates starch? | 121 | |
| 13669162440 | reddish/orange; black | and iodine test is negative if it's what color? Positive? | 122 | |
| 13669162441 | which chemical test indicates sugar? | Benedict's | 123 | |
| 13669162442 | orange, blue | a Benedict's test if positive is what color? What if it is negative what color will it be? | 124 | |
| 13669162443 | BAPNA | which test indicates amino acids? | 125 | |
| 13669162444 | clear; yellow | is a batna test is negative what color will it be? What if it is positive? | 126 | |
| 13669162445 | litmus cream | which test indicates lipids? | 127 | |
| 13669162446 | purple, pink | a litmus cream is done and it is negative this means the color will be? If it is positive the color will be? | 128 | |
| 13669162447 | fatty acids | lipids break down into | 129 | |
| 13669162522 | external urethral orifice | 1 |  | 130 |
| 13669162523 | glans penis | 2 | | 131 |
| 13669162524 | Corpus spongiosum | 3 | | 132 |
| 13669162525 | spongy urethra | 4 | | 133 |
| 13669162852 | Corpus cavernosum | 5 | | 134 |
| 13669162853 | epididymis, testes, and scrotum | name structures 1 2 and 3 |  | 135 |
| 13669162854 | seminal vesicle, ductus deferens | name structures one and two |  | 136 |
| 13669162855 | prostate gland, prostatic urethra, ejaculatory duct | name structures two, three and four part of the male reproductive system |  | 137 |
| 13669233643 | fossa ovalis | foramen ovale becomes the | 138 | |
| 13669233644 | ligamentum arteriosum | ductus arteriosus becomes the | 139 |
Flashcards
AP vocab Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 13994359285 | Physiological density | The number of people per area suitable for agriculture |  | 0 |
| 13994367244 | Arithmetic density | The total number of people per square kilometer or unit of land |  | 1 |
| 13994369003 | Agricultural density | The number of farmers per unit of arable land |  | 2 |
| 13994376471 | One important feature of the world's population with the most significant future implication is that | The most rapid growth is occurring in the developing world | 3 | |
| 13994380586 | Intraurban migration | To move within the city | 4 | |
| 13994383733 | International migration | When people cross state boundaries | 5 | |
| 13994387786 | Inter-regional migration | Permanent movement from one region to another | 6 | |
| 13994389578 | Intra-regional migration | Permanent movement within one region of a country | 7 | |
| 13994394538 | Interurban migration | To migrate from City to City | 8 | |
| 13994396330 | Brain drain | The large-scale emigration of individuals with technical skills or knowledge | 9 | |
| 13994400535 | Chain migration | When immigrants from a particular Town follow one another to a different city | 10 | |
| 13994403487 | Many Asians are currently migrating to the United States through the process of | Brain drain followed by chain migration | 11 | |
| 13997200431 | Relocation diffusion | The spread of an idea through physical movement from one place to another | 12 | |
| 13997207195 | Stimulus diffusion | When one people receives a cultural element from another but gives it a new an unique form | 13 | |
| 13997222809 | The current distribution of soccer demonstrates that | A folk custom can become part of a pop culture | 14 | |
| 13997229120 | Literary tradition | The written form of a language | 15 | |
| 13997234543 | Language family | A group of languages that share a common ancestor before recorded history | 16 | |
| 13997240156 | Religion branch | A large and fundamental division within a religion | 17 | |
| 13997247430 | Nation-State | The system of organizations defined by Geography, politics and culture | 18 | |
| 13997259287 | Nation or Nationality | A group of people title place to legal status and personal alliance... to a particular place as an effective being born there | 19 | |
| 13997275758 | Ethnic Cleansing | The process when a group forcibly removes another group | 20 | |
| 13997279242 | State | An area organized into an independent political unit | 21 | |
| 13997287433 | Sphere of influence | An area surrounding a settlement that is affected by the settlement activities Ex. The S.o.I of a shop if how far people will be prepared to go make use of it | 22 | |
| 13997313005 | THE LAW OF THE SEA | Standarizing the territoral limits for most countries at 12 nautical miles | 23 | |
| 13997337428 | What has to happen so the self-sufficiency approach can develop? | It calls for a country to identify it's unique economic assests | 24 | |
| 13997349326 | Intensive agriculture | The form of subsistence agriculture that feeds the largest number of people in the developing world | 25 | |
| 13997360219 | What is a commercial farmer most concerned with regarding costs based on the Von Thünen model | The cost of land The cost of transporting output to market | 26 | |
| 13997377402 | Plantation agriculture | A form of commercial agriculture found in developing countries | 27 | |
| 13997383970 | Bulk-reducing industry | An industry where the final product has much high value per weight Ex. Copper production | 28 | |
| 13997399123 | Break-of-bulk points are | Locations where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another | 29 | |
| 13997410899 | Rural settlements differ from Urban settlements primarily according to what type of activity | Economic | 30 | |
| 13997417211 | Linear rural settlements | A cluster of buildings near a road, river, to facilitate communication |  | 31 |
| 13997440078 | Use of the Central place theory | Helps explain how the most profitable location can be identified | 32 | |
| 13997455726 | According to the gravity model, the potential use of a service at a location is related | Directly to population and inversely to distance (More people = more use of the service) (Less distance = more use of a service) |  | 33 |
| 13997903412 | Rank-size rule | The distribution of size by rank in decreasing order of size | 34 | |
| 13997912606 | Peripheral model | Model of North America cities consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential areas and business areas |  | 35 |
| 13997928496 | Concentric zone model | Middle: CBD 2: Transition zone 3: Low income housing 4: Middle income housing 5: Commuting Zone |  | 36 |
| 13997959710 | Multiple Nuclei Model | A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities. |  | 37 |
| 13998004355 | Sector Model | a description of urban land uses as wedge-shaped sectors radiating outward from the CBD along transportation corridors. The radial access routes attract particular uses to certain sectors, with high-status residential uses occupying the most desirable wedges |  | 38 |
| 13998032689 | Metropolitan statistical area | The definition of a city covers the largest land area (covers a geographical region with a relatively high pop. density at it's core (The U.S.A.) |  | 39 |
| 13998089049 | Urban cluster | In the US, an urban area with between 2,500 and 50,000 inhabitants |  | 40 |
| 13998108006 | Blockbusting | A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood | 41 | |
| 13998113647 | Annexation | The adding of a region to the territory of an existing political unit. | 42 | |
| 13998122124 | Filtering | When social groups move from one area to another leading to changes in the nature of the residential areas | 43 | |
| 13998141672 | Subsidize | To underwrite it financially, providing the support that keeps it going | 44 | |
| 13998162715 | Public transportation in European cities is relatively extensive because | European governments subsidize public transit | 45 | |
| 13998180159 | Where is the best housing located jnt he sector model | A corridor from downtown (the CBD) to the edge of the city | 46 | |
| 13998202930 | Urban economic and social geographic challenges in the U. S. Do not include | A bigger concentration of low-income residents in suburban areas | 47 | |
| 13998244842 | Critics and defenders of sustainable development both agree that | More international cooperation is needed to reduce the gap between developed and developing countries | 48 | |
| 13999000294 | Gerrymandering | the drawing of legislative district boundaries to benefit a party, group, or incumbent | 49 | |
| 13999047554 | Primary sector | The portion of the economy concerned with direct extraction of materials from the Earth's surface generally through agricultural although sometimes by mining fishing and forestry | 50 | |
| 13999076192 | Secondary sector | Test portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials | 51 | |
| 13999117775 | Tertiary sector | Test portion of the economy concerned with transportation communications and utilities sometimes extending to the provisions of all goods and services to people in the exchange for payment | 52 | |
| 13999163061 | Quaternary sector | Service sector industries concerned with the collection, processing, and manipulation of information and capital. Examples include finance, administration, insurance, and legal services. | 53 | |
| 13999175288 | Quinary sector | The most advanced form of Quaternary activities consisting of high-level decision making for large corporations or high-level scientific research. | 54 | |
| 13999195120 | Site | The physical character of a place | 55 | |
| 13999199916 | Situation | the location of a place relative to other places | 56 | |
| 13999210213 | Distance decay | the tapering off of a process, pattern, or event over a distance | 57 | |
| 13999245946 | Who were the original counties within the European Community, the predecessors to the European Union | France, Belgium, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands | 58 | |
| 13999259888 | Space-time compression | The reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place. | 59 | |
| 13999276132 | Amritsar, India | Holiest religious site for the Sikh's (the golden temple) | 60 | |
| 13999304003 | What is not true for truck farming | Labor cost are often high on these large-scale farming operations *They are actually a lot cheaper* | 61 | |
| 13999374924 | What was the first prerequisite for the start of urbanization | Privatization of land ownership | 62 | |
| 13999418872 | What region is most threatened by desertification | Australia {88%} | 63 | |
| 13999419547 | Mackinder's geopolitical heartland theory | If anything was outside the dominance of Eurasia it would be less powerful | 64 | |
| 13999566529 | What did Thomas Malthus not account for | The green revolution (improved fertilizer and crop strains) | 65 | |
| 13999584741 | Substitution principal | What leads to the industrial location theory | 66 | |
| 13999597316 | Topcide | Planned destruction of a place to make way for an industrial center | 67 | |
| 13999612847 | Foreign direct investment | The investment of foreign companies in countries outside their headquarters. Ex. American companies in Indonesia | 68 | |
| 13999632984 | Footloose industry | Type of industry that doesn't have high transportation costs | 69 | |
| 13999641422 | Comparative advantage | the idea that a region or country will produce goods it can make at a lower cost than other regions can and will trade them for goods that other regions can make more efficiently than it can | 70 | |
| 13999669406 | Effects of the British enclosure movement in the 1850s | Agricultural efficiency increased Urban migration increased Feudal village life was disrupted Communal fields were consolidated | 71 | |
| 13999694672 | In 1998 an estimated is 350,000 asylum-seekers were from Croatia. What were the primary destination in that year | Yugoslavia in Bosnia-Herzegovina | 72 | |
| 13999715871 | Linguistic refuge area | A place that is relatively free from forces of language diffusion and convergence Ex. A mountainous area | 73 | |
| 13999732080 | Primate city | The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement. Examples: Ulaanbaatar in Mongolia, Lagos in Nigeria | 74 | |
| 13999760244 | Agglomeration | a mass or collection of things; an assemblage. | 75 | |
| 13999783907 | Hinterland | The surrounding area serviced by the functions in an urban center; the larger the urban place = the larger the hinterland | 76 | |
| 13999813691 | Informal sector | Workers who do not report their incomes are jobs for the government | 77 | |
| 13999843680 | Cognitive distance | 78 | ||
| 13999395151 | What region is most threatened by desertification | 79 |
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