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AP Biology Chapter 24 Flashcards

13951265749	Prezygotic Barriers	Impede mating before fertilization can even take place	0
13951265750	Postzygotc Barriers	Prevent a hybrid zygote from developing into a fertile adult	1
13951265751	Habitat Isolation	(Prezygotic) Species do not have many encounters because they spend their time in different places	2
13951265752	Temporal Isolation	(Prezygotic) Animals are reproductively active during different seasons	3
13951265753	Behavioral Isolation	(Prezygotic) Certain courtship rituals are preformed before mating takes place.	4
13951265754	Mechanical Isolation	(Prezygotic) Physical differences inhibit cross-fertilization	5
13951265755	Genetic Isolation	(Prezygotic) Biomechanical mechanisms may prevent gametes from fusing, or the reproductive tract in female may be an unfavorable environment.	6
13951265756	Reduced Hybrid Viability	Hybrids do not completely development	7
13951265757	Hybrid Breakdown	F1's are viable, but later generations are not	8
13951265758	Reduced Hybrid Fertility	Hybrid offspring is sterile	9
13951265759	Morphological Species Concept	A species is defined by body shape, size, and structure.	10
13951265760	Ecological Species Concept	Distinguished between species based on their ecology- its biological role in the community.	11
13951265761	Allopatric Speciation	Part of the population is geographically isolated from the rest of the population and forms a new species since it is reproductively isolated.	12
13951265762	Sympatric Speciation	Speciation occurs while the organisms are still cohabiting. (SAME)	13
13951265763	Adaptive Radiation	Diversely adapted species stemming from a common ancestor. Often occurs when a founder population settles in a new environment, or when extinction opens up ecological niches.	14
13951265764	Gradualism	Species diverge slowly overtime	15
13951265765	Punctuated Equilibrium	New species emerge suddenly then stabilize for a while before another divergence	16
13951265766	Evolutionary Novelty	Complex structures evolved in increments from simpler prototypes in other species	17
13951265767	Exaption	An existing structure that is co-opted after having previously served a different function	18
13951265768	Heterochrony	Evolutionary change in the rate of development events; this can result in a change in the overall appearance of a species.	19
13951265769	Paedomorphosis	Sexual maturity is accelerated	20
13951265770	Biological Species	Species defined by being to produce viable fertile offspring in nature	21

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Unit XI (AP Psychology) Flashcards

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9157646145	Intelligence	The mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, problem solve, and use prior knowledge to adapt to new problems	0
9157660839	Intelligence test	A method for assessing an individual's mental abilities and comparing them to others, typically using numerical scores	1
9157665388	General intelligence (g)	Spearman's concept of a general intelligence factor (the g factor) that underlies all more specific mental abilities; it is therefore measured by every section of an intelligence test	2
9162310719	Factor analysis	A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (known as factors) in a test to identify different dimensions of performance beneath a person's total score; used to prove existence of a g factor	3
9162342738	Thurstone	Opponent of Spearman's theories; conducted tests and measured seven clusters of primary mental abilities (word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, and memory)	4
9164333257	Savant syndrome	A condition where a person with otherwise limited mental ability has an exceptional specific skill	5
9164441384	Gardner	Argued for the existence of multiple intelligences including bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, naturalist, linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, and spatial	6
9164619674	Grit	An important factor in success, the passion and perseverance seen in the pursuit of long-term goals	7
9164640144	Sternberg	Developed the triarchic theory of three intelligences (analytical/problem-solving, creative, practical), argues that multiple abilities can lead to life success	8
9164679801	Analytical (academic problem-solving) intelligence	One of Sternberg's three intelligences, assessed through traditional intelligence tests, in which well-defined problems will have a single correct answer	9
9164705636	Creative intelligence	One of Sternberg's three intelligences, demonstrated through reacting adaptively to novel situations and creating novel ideas	10
9164726066	Practical intelligence	One of Sternberg's three intelligences, demonstrated through creating multiple solutions to everyday tasks	11
9164810705	Social intelligence	First proposed by Thorndike, the ability to successfully comprehend social situations	12
9164823552	Emotional intelligence	Salovey's aspect of social intelligence, the unconscious ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use (PUMU) emotions; criticized by Gardner and others as "stretching" the concept of intelligence too far	13
9164992290	Yes, modern studies have found that there is a +.33 correlation between brain size (adjusted for body size) and intelligence score; bigger is better.	Is there a correlation between brain size and intelligence score?	14
9165038974	Frontal & parietal lobes, with ample gray matter (neural cell bodies) and white matter (axons)	What brain areas are focused on for measuring intelligence?	15
9165100004	There is a positive correlation between intelligence score and the speed of taking in perceptual information.	Intelligence seems to be matched with what measurement?	16
9166018375	Binet	A vanguard of the modern intelligence-testing movement, developed his methods inferring that children followed the same course of intellectual development, but at different paces	17
9166028397	Mental age	Devised by Binet, the chronological age that most corresponds to a given level of intelligence test performance	18
9166132827	Terman	Adapted, modified, and added to Binet's original intelligence test; believed that his new test revealed the intelligence with which a person was born (inherited intelligence); used philosophy of eugenics	19
9166160488	Stanford-Binet test	Terman's widely used revision of Binet's original intelligence test	20
9167339721	Intelligence quotient (IQ)	Developed by William Stern, it is the ratio of your mental age divided by your chronological age, all multiplied by 100 (in today's tests, it is a relative score under or above 100); was criticized for its ineffectiveness with adults	21
9167441624	Achievement test	A test designed to measure or assess what a person has learned	22
9167467645	Aptitude test	A test designed to predict a person's future performance or a future ability to learn a new skill	23
9167502809	Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)	The most widely used intelligence test nowadays, consists of verbal and nonverbal (performance) subtests	24
9167587963	Standardization	Outlining defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparing with the relative performance of a pretested representative group	25
9167651207	Normal curve	The symmetrical, bell-shaped pattern that visualizes the distribution of many physical/psychological attributes, with most scores falling near the midpoint or average	26
9167686515	Flynn effect	The substantial and long-sustained increased in intelligence test scores measured from 1930 to the present day	27
9167713565	Reliability	The extent to which a test yields dependably consistent results	28
9167748023	Test-retest reliability	Using the same test on two separate occasions to determine the consistency of a test's results	29
9167751511	Split-half reliability	Dividing the test in half and assessing how consistent the results from each half are	30
9167773975	Validity	The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to	31
9167777763	Content validity	The extent to which a test measures a particular behavior or trait, a criterion, or samples the behavior that is of interest	32
9167806908	Predictive validity	The success with which a test predicts the future performance of behavior it is designed to predict	33
9167907345	Cross-sectional study	A study where researchers test and compare people of various ages at a specific point in time	34
9167918251	Longitudinal study	A study where researchers test and retest the same cohort, or group of people, over a period of years	35
9168107315	Crystallized intelligence	The summation of our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; increases with old age	36
9168110273	Fluid intelligence	Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly, such as when we solve novel logic problems; decreases with progression into late adulthood	37
9168175262	Intellectual disability	Defined as a developmental condition of limited mental ability; indicated by an IQ of 70 or below and difficulty in conceptual, social, and practical skills, may be caused by a known physical condition	38
9168259408	Down syndrome	A condition that causes mild to severe intellectual disability, along with associated physical disorders, caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21	39
9168521670	Heritability	The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes	40
9168740322	Stereotype threat	A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype	41

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AP Exam Flashcards

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13652767336	4 functions of government	keep order, provide services, provide security, guide the community	0
13652771296	Major goals of framers (4)	Strong gov, protect states, protect liberty, popular consent	1
13652782598	concurrent powers (5)	Levy taxes, borrow money, spend for welfare, make laws, charter banks	2
13652789708	National powers (9)	Commerce, coinage, army, declare war, federal courts, foreign relations, territories, immigration	3
13652798004	State Powers (5)	Interstate commerce, local govs, education, protect welfare, regulate corporations	4
13652806454	Executive>Legislative (3)	Veto, special session, execute laws	5
13652811341	Legislative>Executive (5)	Impeach, override, investigation, approve treaties & appointments, makes budget	6
13652823483	Judicial>Executive	Review	7
13652828131	Executive>Judicial (3)	Nominates, pardons, execution	8
13652836348	Judicial>Legislative	Review	9
13652839394	Legislative>Judicial (5)	Determines size, impeach judges, rewrite legislation, amendments, judicial nominees	10
13652851143	Article 1, Section 1	All lawmaking power in Congress	11
13652854095	Article 1, Section 4	Elections and meetings	12
13652856298	Article 1, Section 5	Rules	13
13652858377	Article 1, Section 6	Rights and duties of Congressmen	14
13652861499	Article 1, Section 7	making laws	15
13652861500	Article 1 Section 8	Powers of Congress	16
13652864883	Article 1, Section 9	Powers denied to Congress	17
13652864884	Article 1, Section 10	powers denied to the states	18
13652868981	Article 2, Section 1	office of the president	19
13652870510	Article 3, Section 1	one supreme court and inferior courts	20
13652872083	Article 3, Section 3	treason	21
13652876615	Article 4, Section 3	new states	22
13652878145	Article 4, Section 4	Protection of states	23
13652880839	Article 5	Proposed 2/3, ratified 3/4	24
13652882707	Article 6	Debts, Supremacy, Oaths	25
13652887319	5th Amendment (5)	Self-incrimination, grand jury, double jeopardy, eminent domain, due process of law	26
13652895295	6th Amendment	Right to a speedy trial	27
13652896543	16th Amendment	income tax	28
13652896544	17th Amendment	Direct election of senators	29
13652897756	20th Amendment	No more lame duck	30
13652898932	22nd Amendment	Limits the president to two terms.	31
13652900422	policy fragmentation	Policy doesn't deal with entire problem	32
13652902004	mixed ecomony	Both government and industry play a role	33
13652905852	Keynesian economics	government can smooth out business cycles	34
13652908318	supply-side economics	Cut taxes to increase production	35
13652911936	Federal Reserve Board	Moves interest rates	36
13652913045	reserve requirement	Amount of money banks must have on hand	37
13652916727	discount rate	Interest banks must pay to Fed Banks	38
13652921682	open market operations	Trade of government bonds	39
13652924200	authorization committees	Decides what programs Congress wants to fund	40
13652926006	Appropriation committees	Decides how much money to give	41
13652929489	Budget Reform Act	Made CBO	42
13652933689	Budget Enforcement Act	Steamlined budget process, made it easier to compromise	43
13652936313	balance of trade	ratio of imported products to exported products	44
13652940196	Trade deficit	imports exceed exports	45
13652942361	General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)	Made World Trade Organization	46
13652948132	Great Society	LBJ: expanded welfare	47
13652949503	Cost-of-living adjustment (COLA)	Maintains recipient's standard of living	48
13652952729	Gross Domestic Product	Number of goods and services produced	49
13652953804	Obamacare	Fines individuals without healthcare	50
13652959590	implied powers	Not stated powers for Congress	51
13652960671	inherent powers	Never stated powers for president	52
13652964005	How was the Commerce clause expanded? (2)	Only Congress and anything affecting commerce	53
13652968331	House only things (4)	Rules Committee, formal, germane, Ways and Means Committee	54
13652972057	Senate only things (3)	Riders, hold, filibuster	55
13652974715	fiscal policy	Tax and spending	56
13652975958	mandatory spending	Spending required by law	57
13652980770	___ of the budget is mandatory spending	2/3	58
13652984426	Expressed powers of president (5)	Veto, commander-in chief, treaties, nominations, state of the union	59
13652992425	Inherent Powers of the President (4)	Executive agreements, executive order, bully pulpit, signing statement	60
13652998898	United States v. Lopez	Possession of handgun is not commerce	61
13653004294	New York Times v. US	Publication must cause "grave and irreparable" danger	62
13653007857	Baker v. Carr	Redistributing is justiciable by federal courts	63
13653009955	Shaw v. Reno	No racial gerrymandering	64
13786293071	6 functions of congress	lawmaking, representation, service to constituents, oversight, public education, and conflict resolution	65
13786322168	Issue network	Groups that work togetherness on policy	66
13786537758	Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Bill, 1985	Set budget reduction targets to balance budget. Failed to eliminate loopholes.	67
13786789763	Gibbons v. Ogden	Only congress can regulate interstate commerce	68
13786801260	Gitlow v. New York	First use of selective incorporation	69
13786814174	Weeks v. US or Wolf v. Colorado	exclusionary rule	70
13786832249	Cantwell v. Connecticut	free exercise of religion	71
13786845569	Miller v. California	established obscenity test	72
13786852652	New York Times v. Sullivan	Defines libel and slander	73
13803740505	runoff primary	When no candidate receives a majority of votes, an election held between the two candidates who received the most votes in the primary	74
13803754389	delegate	Pledged to a certain candidate	75
13803763726	Superdelegates	National party leaders who automatically get a delegate slot	76
13803772705	McGovern-Fraser Commission	Delegates represented by proportion of population in each state	77
13803785143	Super Tuesday	Day of primaries	78
13803802036	Frontloading	Moves primary	79
13803810498	Rational voting	Candidate furthers personal interest	80
13803816376	retrospective voting	Voting based on candidate's past	81
13803826173	Prospective voting	Voting based on candidate's future	82
13803829541	Party-line voting	candidates by their party affiliation	83
13803853015	PACs	Corporations that raise campaigns funds	84
13803859901	527 groups	Tax-exempt organizations that engage in political activities	85
13803880364	Dealignment	voters losing identification with any party	86
13803883607	Realignment	Coalitions of a party fall apart	87
13803914916	critical election	New party comes to dominate politics	88
13803925209	influence peddling	using personal friendships to get political advantage	89
13803935841	Federal Action Campaign Act	Created PACs	90
13803995594	Alien and Sedition Acts	Made it illegal to say anything bad about the government	91
13804006126	Pendleton Act	Merit system	92
13804042251	Reed v. Reed	Discrimination against women is unconstitutional	93
13804060309	New Jersey v. TLO	School searches without warrants are allowed	94
13804080885	Disadvantages of Federalism (3)	Inflexible, complex, conflicts of authority	95
13804103505	Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier	School newspapers can be censored	96
13804124941	Hobbes	Government is social contract	97
13804130990	Locke	Inalienable rights	98
13804133772	Baron de Montesquieu	separation of powers	99
13804147299	Federal Election Campaign Act	increased disclosure of contributions for federal campaigns	100
13804153632	Budget and Impoundment Control Act	creates CBO and makes impoundment illegal	101
13804183352	Rousseau	People make sure power	102
13804194244	Tocqueville	America "exceptional"	103
13804208205	National Voter Registration Act	"Motor voter Act"- voters can register when they get their driver's license	104
13804224313	Patriot Act	Strong government for terrorism	105
13804235087	No Child Left Behind Act	National regulation of education	106
13804267135	Brutus 1 why federalism is bad (5)	-Necessary and proper clause too powerful -all important powers national -no limit in taxing -standing army -federal courts destroy state courts	107
13842530425	Block grants	"Block" of money set aside for a broad purpose: little strings attached: favored by states	108
13842532952	categorical grants	Grants with specific purpose: has regulations on how to spend it: favored by states	109
13842540960	What permits Congress to stimulate the economy?	Power to pass a federal budget	110
13842541882	libertarian ideology	Limited role of government	111
13842546338	Green Party (3)	environmentalism, social justice, diversity	112
13842551478	Reform party (3)	Balance Money, immigration restriction, and popular vote	113
13842570241	Democratic Party	Government involvement, welfare	114
13842573199	Republican	Pro-business	115
13842578649	Whig Party	opposed policies of Andrew Jackson	116
13842584835	Populist Party (4)	"Free silver," public ownership of railroads, immigration restriction, direct election of senators	117
13842610500	Progressive Party	Progressive policies	118
13842612948	Socialist Party	Worker's rights, collective ownership of means of production	119

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AP CSP Vocabulary 2 Flashcards

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12656343908	Overflow	error that results when the number of bits is not enough to hold the number, like a car's odometer "rolling over".	0
12656353068	Round-off	error that results when the number of bits is not enough to represent the actual number, like 3 digits to represent π as 3.14.	1
12656362380	Lossy	Compressing data in a way that throws some data away and makes it almost impossible to recover the original, great compression, like JPEG images.	2
12656368789	Lossless	Compressing data in a way that preserves all data away and allows full recovery of the original, good compression -- usually not as good as lossy, like PNG images.	3
12656399129	Metadata	data about data, like a camera storing the location, aperture, shutter speed, etc. for a digital photo.	4
12656407386	Sequencing	code flows line by line, one after another, like a recipe.	5
12656412931	Selection	a boolean condition to determine which of two algorithmic paths are taken, aka if-then.	6
12656418986	Iteration	using a looping control structure, like while, for, foreach, repeat, repeat-until, etc.	7
12656435443	Reasonable time	polynomial in the number of steps an algorithm takes in the worst case based on the input size.	8
12656443750	Not reasonable time	Usually exponential in the number of steps, like doubling every time your input grows by one.	9
12656450774	Heuristic	using a "rule" to guide an algorithm, like always walking toward the north star if you were stuck in a forest.	10
12656464961	Undecidable	A problem that is so difficult, we can't ever create an algorithm that would be able to answer yes or no for all inputs, like determining if a user's program run on some input would always stop and not run forever.	11
12656476882	Linear vs Binary search	Going one by one vs starting in the middle and going left/right like looking for a word in the dictionary -- binary search requires the list to be sorted in order.	12
12656483765	API	Application Programming Interface, how you define libraries and call them.	13
12656494363	Citizen Science	Lots of people to help with a scientific project, like asking everyone around the world to count the butterflies they see one day.	14
12656506602	Cloud Computing	Using distributed calculations and/or storage for big data or a web application.	15
12656514204	Crowdsourcing	Asking lots of users online to help with something, like funding a project, or running SETI@Home to help look for extraterrestrial signals.	16
12656620572	Creative Commons	An alternative to copyright that allows people to declare how they want their artistic creations to be shared, remixed, used in noncommercial contexts, and how the policy should propagate with remixed versions.	17
12656632737	Open Access	A policy that allows people to have read access to things, e.g., libraries or online data	18
12656641665	Moore's Law	The number of transistors on a chip doubles every two years.	19
12656656425	Peer-to-Peer networks	A system where one user's computer connects through the Internet to another user's computer without going through an intermediary "centralized" computer to manage the connection.	20
12656666923	Digital divide	The idea that some communities / populations have less access to computing than others.	21

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AP Chemistry Flashcards

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13435585258	law of conservation of matter	in chemical reactions matter is neither created nor destroyed	0
13435585259	law of constant composition	each pure chemical compound always has the same percentage of composition of each element by mass	1
13435586372	Dalton's atomic theory	1. All matter is composed of tiny, indivisible parts, called atoms, that cannot be destroyed or created. 2. Each element has atoms that are identical to each other in all of their properties, and these properties are different from the properties of all other atoms. 3. Chemical reactions are simple rearrangements of atoms from one combination to another in small whole-number ratios.	2
13609322710	law of multiple proportions	When two elements can be combined to make two different compounds, and if samples of these two compounds are taken so that the masses of one of the elements in the two compounds are the same in both samples, then the ratio of the masses of the other element in these compounds will be a ratio of small whole numbers.	3
13609721705	cathode ray tube	developed in the 1870s by SIr William Crookes who mistakenly thought cathode rays were negatively charged molecules instead of electrons	4
13609775399	charge to mass ratio	determined by J.J. Thomson for electron (e/m=-1.76X10^8 coulombs gram^-1) by measuring the deflection of the cathode rays in the presence of electric magnetic fields	5
13609788640	oil drop experiment	performed in 1909 by Robert Millikan from which he calculated the charge of the electron (-1.60X10^-19 coulomb)	6
13609815355	plum "pudding" model	charge to mass ratio and charge of the electron led to this model of the atom which had electrons in a sea of positive charges; created by J.J. Thomson	7
13609831266	Ernest Rutherford	identified alpha and beta particles in his research	8
13609841360	gold foil experiment	performed by Ernest Rutherford along with Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden, in which heavy alpha particles were aimed at a thin gold foil where most of the alpha particles went through the foil with no visible effect but a few of them were deflected from their path and some actually bounced back in the direction they cam from	9
13609857242	nuclear model of the atom	based on the results of the gold foil experiment Rutherford deduced this model with an extremely small, dense, and positively charged nucleus surrounded by empty space sparsely occupied by electrons	10
13609892434	proton	discovered by Rutherford, the basic unit of a positive charge which has the same magnitude of an electron and a mass of 1.67X10^-24 gram	11
13609906631	neutron	discovered by James Chadwick, the neutral particles in an atom with a mass almost equal to that of the proton	12
13609955334	solar system model	Niels Bohr completed theory that electrons move around the nucleus in circular orbits	13
13609974987	wave-mechanical theory	Erwin Schrodinger developed; the position of the electron is described by probability of where it will be located	14
13609994016	ground state	the lowest possible energy state that an atom (or molecule) usually exists in	15
13609998921	excited state	a state in which an atom (or molecule) has more energy than the ground state	16
13610023275	electromagnetic spectrum		17
13610040480	c=(lambda)(v)	speed of light=(wavelength in meters)(frequency reciprocal seconds or hertz (Hz))	18
13610047302	speed of light (is provided)	3.0X10^8 m/s	19
13610066666	Planck's constant (h) (is provided in problem)	6.63X10^-34 joule second	20
13610074836	hv=E=h(c/v)		21
13610127305	energy of an orbit	En=(-2π^2me^4)/n^2h^2)=-2.178X10^-18/n^2 joule where m = mass of the electron, e = charge on the electron, h = Planck's constant, and n = orbit number (principle quantum number)	22

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AP english Flashcards

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13613584148	Motif	A recurring theme, subject or idea	0
13613587297	Allusion	An expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference.	1
13613596397	Apostrophe	A figure of speech in which one directly addresses an absent or imaginary person, or some abstraction (can be a loved one)	2
13613620938	Declarative statement	A sentence that makes a statement or declaration	3
13613630871	Ad hominem	In an argument, this is an attack on the person rather than on the opponent's ideas. "Against the man."	4
13613640024	Ethos	Credibility	5
13613640197	Pathos	Appeal to emotion	6
13613642708	Logos	Logic	7
13613647616	Fallacy	A false mistaken belief, especially one based on unsound argument	8
13613659475	Syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.	9
13613679938	Paradox	A contradiction or dilemma but expresses a possible truth	10
13613701621	Benevolent	Kindly, charitable	11
13613711061	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts	12
13613719052	Idiom	A common, often used expression that doesn't make sense if you take it literally.	13
13613740044	Euphemism	An inoffensive expression that is substituted for one that is considered offensive	14
13613749013	Cynical	Believing that people act only out of selfish motives (doubtful or distrustful)	15
13613771155	Anecdote	A brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event.	16
13613797071	Candid	Completely honest, straightforward, frank	17
13613802122	Allegory	a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one. Symbolical meaning	18
13613822804	Flippant	(Adj.) lacking in seriousness; disrespectful, saucy Ex/ Mean Girls	19
13613843966	Didactic	Intended to teach (instructive)	20
13613859158	Irrelevant	Not to the point, not applicable or pertinent	21
13613888822	Insolent	Showing a rude and arrogant lack of respect	22
13613914789	Interrogative sentence	A sentence that asks a question	23
13613933803	Exclamatory Sentence	A sentence expressing a strong feeling, usually punctuated with an exclamation mark: excitement or force	24
13620120639	Satiric	Ridiculing to show weakness in order to make a point, teach	25
13620137211	Imperative statement	A sentence that makes a command "move forward"	26
13620150881	Simple sentence	A sentence consisting of one independent clause and no dependent clause (1:0)	27
13620171056	Complex sentence	A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause (1:1+)	28
13620197527	Compound sentence	A sentence with two or more coordinate independent clauses often joined by one or more conjunctions (2+:1+)	29
13620165697	Nostalgic	Longing for the past (homesick)	30
13620211428	Anaphora	The repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of consecutive lines or sentences	31
13620222186	Contentious	Argumentative; Quarrelsome	32
13620234834	Inflammatory	(Adj.) causing excitement or anger; leading to violence or disorder	33
13620243992	Epistrophe	The repetition of a word or a group of words at the end of successive clauses or sentences	34
13620255525	Parallel structure	The repetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structures; They like riding, swimming, and climbing.	35
13620280812	Appositive example	A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun; My best friend, Sammy, lives in Cleveland.	36
13620299325	Antithesis	(Noun) the direct opposite, a sharp contrast syn: contrary, antipode	37
13620310664	Rhetoric	The art of using language effectively and persuasively; figurative language	38
13620350573	Diction	The choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing. (Writer or speaker)	39
13620359968	Syntax	The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language; Sentence structure	40
13620367482	Colloquialism	A word or phrase (including slang) used in everyday conversation and informal writing but that is often inappropriate in formal writing (y'all, ain't)	41
13620377544	Jargon	Special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand; regional. Medical terminology, pop or soda	42
13620400050	Slang	An informal, often short-lived kind of language used in place of standard words; Bro= brother, lit or bruh	43
13620412316	Active	taking action; full of movement; working	44
13620417975	Voice	A writers distinctive use of language	45
13620438430	Dogmatic	Arrogant and stubborn about one's beliefs; opinionated	46
13620459377	Passive voice	The subject of the sentence receives the action.	47
13620463091	Antecedent	The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. She went to the store	48
13620467456	Connotation	The implied or associative meaning of a word	49
13620499940	antecedent example	"O that this too, too solid flesh would melt, Thaw and resolve itself into a dew." (Shakespeare, Hamlet)	50

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AP Psych Neurotransmitters Flashcards

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10810145410	Dendrite	the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body	0
10810152001	Axon	the neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles or glands	1
10810162438	Sending Neuron	presynaptic neuron	2
10810166035	synaptic gap	space between the axon terminal of one neuron and the receptors of the next neuron	3
10810170169	Nucleus	Control center of the cell	4
10810176928	Terminal Branches	The branched end of the axon that contains neurotransmitters.	5
10810184103	Vesicle	A membrane bound sac that contains materials involved in transport of the cell.	6
10810198748	Cell Body (soma)	contains the nucleus and other parts of the cell needed to sustain its life	7
10810201551	Myelin Sheath	covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses	8
10810204326	Action Potential	All or none; Either there is enough stimulus from the neurotransmitter to activate the action potential or there is not. Either it fires and depolarizes sending the message or it doesn't.	9
10810215380	Neurotransmitters	chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons	10
10810218969	Types of Neurotransmitters	Acetylcholine (Ach), Serotonin, Norepinephrine, Dopamine, Endorphins, GABA, and Glutamate.	11
10810224756	Agonist	mimics a neurotransmitter, fitting into the receptor site and exiting the site. (morphine mimics endorphins, stimulating mood and pain sensation)	12
10810228959	Antagonist	Fits into the receptor site but is not similar enough to stimulate it. instead it BLOCKS or nhibits the function of the neurotransmitter receptor (stops ezcess or is why we don't have enough).	13
10810235160	Receptor Sites	Part of the dendrite that receives the neurotransmitter	14
10810275078	Acetylcholine (ACH)	-Excitatory -muscle function - learning and memory - attention - Too much:Muscle Spasms -Too little: Alzheimer's	15
10810282698	Dopamine	-Inhibitory -Mood and emotion - Arousal - Too much: Schizophrenia and drug addiction -too little: Parkinson's disease.	16
10810335882	Seratonin	-Inhibitory - mood regulation -hunger and sleep - too much: hallucinations -too little: depression and mood disorders	17
10810353409	norepinephrine	-excitatory -arousal and alertness especially in fight or flight response. - mood elevation -too much: anxiety -too little: mental disorders, specifically depression	18
10810374896	GABA	- inhibitory - Brain's main inhibitory neurotransmitter - regulates sleep-wake cycles - Too much: sleep and eating disorders - too little: anxiety, epilepsy, insomnia, Huntington's disease	19
10810399921	Glutamate	- Exitatory - Brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter -basis of leaning and long term memory - too much: overstimulation of brain which can cause migraines and siezures - too little: N/A	20
10810431662	Endorphins	- Inhibitory -pain control - stress reduction - positive emotions -too much: artificial highs, inadequate response to pain - too little: potential involvement in addiction, especially opiates	21