AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!
| 8023010250 | Baghdad |  | 0 | |
| 8023010251 | Cahokia |  | 1 | |
| 8023010252 | Cairo |  | 2 | |
| 8023010253 | Calicut |  | 3 | |
| 8023010254 | Constantinople |  | 4 | |
| 8023010255 | Cordoba |  | 5 | |
| 8023010256 | Guangzhou |  | 6 | |
| 8023010257 | Hangzhou |  | 7 | |
| 8023010258 | Heian |  | 8 | |
| 8023010259 | Kilwa |  | 9 | |
| 8023010260 | Melaka |  | 10 | |
| 8023010261 | Mogadishu |  | 11 | |
| 8023010262 | Novgorod |  | 12 | |
| 8023010263 | Tenochtitlan |  | 13 | |
| 8023010264 | Timbuktu |  | 14 | |
| 8023010265 | Venice |  | 15 |
| 6692027446 | Site | The physical characteristics of a place | 0 | |
| 6692027447 | Mercator | Which type of map projection is this? |  | 1 |
| 6692027448 | Distance Decay | the interaction between two places declines as the distance between them increases. | 2 | |
| 6692027449 | Human/Environment interaction | examines how people depend on the environment (e.g. for water, food), adapt to the environment (e.g. how dress or building construction is affected), and modify the environment (e.g. build roads, affect air quality). | 3 | |
| 6692027450 | demography | the statistical study of populations | 4 | |
| 6692027451 | overpopulation | this occurs when a population exceeds the carrying capacity | 5 | |
| 6692027452 | carrying capacity | The highest amount of a population the environment and resources can sustain. | 6 | |
| 6692027454 | Dependency ratio | The percentage of people who are too young or too old to work in a society is the | 7 | |
| 6692027455 | Population pyramid stage 2 |  | 8 | |
| 6692027456 | Total Fertility Rate | The average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime | 9 | |
| 6692027459 | physiological density | the number of people per unit area of arable land | 10 | |
| 6692027460 | demographic transition model | the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system. | 11 | |
| 6692027464 | Stage 3 | Which stage of the DTM starts to have a decline in birthrate? | 12 | |
| 6692027465 | is less than | A country has net immigration if emigration ___________________ immigration | 13 | |
| 6692027466 | emigrant | A person leaving a country | 14 | |
| 6692027467 | immigrant | A new person in a country | 15 | |
| 6692027469 | economic | What are the main reasons people migrate? | 16 | |
| 6692027470 | intervening obstacle | A physical feature, such as a body of water, which hinders migration is an example of | 17 | |
| 6692027472 | chain migration | process by which immigrants from a particular town follow others from that town to a particular city or neighborhood | 18 | |
| 6692027473 | Ravensteins Laws | Reasons people migrate internally: Move only a short distance or in stages for longer travel Move from rural to urban Migration causes a counter flow Young males tend to more internally more while family moves stay shorter and internal. | 19 | |
| 6692027475 | possibilism | the environment sets certain constraints or limitations, but culture is otherwise determined by social conditions, we can adapt and change it. | 20 | |
| 6692027476 | environmental determinism | Early belief that the physical environment predisposes human social development towards particular trajectories. | 21 | |
| 6692027477 | cultural ecology | the study of human adaptations to social and physical environments. | 22 | |
| 6692027479 | relocation diffusion | spread of an idea through physical movement from one place to another. | 23 | |
| 6692027480 | situation | position relative to other features. | 24 | |
| 6692027481 | popular culture | heterogeneous societies, rapid diffusion, multiple hearths | 25 | |
| 6692027482 | folk culture | homogeneous societies, relocation diffusion, anonymous hearths, isolated rural areas | 26 | |
| 6692027484 | assimilation | full adoption of pop culture | 27 | |
| 6692027485 | habit | The frequent repetition of an act until it becomes a characteristic of a group | 28 | |
| 6692027487 | pidgin language | is a grammatically simplified means of communication that develops between two or more groups that do not have a language in common | 29 | |
| 6692027488 | creole language | a stable natural language that has developed from a pidgin becoming nativized by children as their first language, with a fully developed vocabulary and system of grammar. | 30 | |
| 6692027489 | Indo european | Includes Romance, Indo-Aryan, Germanic branches | 31 | |
| 6692027490 | sino tibetan | What is the second largest language family and includes Manderian | 32 | |
| 6692027492 | west germanic | What branch does English belong to? | 33 | |
| 6692027493 | language family | Which is the largest language grouping | 34 | |
| 6692027494 | spelling, pronunciation, vocabulary | British and American English differ in what ways? | 35 | |
| 6692027495 | Asia | Most migrants to the US during the 1960s and 1970s came from | 36 | |
| 6692027496 | doubling time | the amount of time it takes a population to increase 100% | 37 | |
| 6692027497 | crude Birth rate | The number of live births per year per 1,000 people in a society is the | 38 | |
| 6692027498 | universalizing religion | Appeals to people in a wide variety of places, seeks converts, holidays based on founder | 39 | |
| 6692027500 | Northeast, Southwest | Where in the US are Roman Catholics clustered? | 40 | |
| 6692027501 | Israel | Where is there a large clustering of Jewish people? | 41 | |
| 6692027502 | Southwest Asia | Where did Islam, Christianity, and Judaism all begin? | 42 | |
| 6692027503 | Islam | Adherents to what religion would take part in the 5 pillars of faith? | 43 | |
| 6692027504 | Christian branches | Eastern orthodox, protestant, roman catholic | 44 | |
| 6692027505 | self determination | The concept that nationalities have the right to govern themselves | 45 | |
| 6692027506 | balkanization | breakdown of a state due to conflict among nationalities | 46 | |
| 6692027508 | centripetal forces | Unites people with each other | 47 | |
| 6692027509 | centrifugal forces | Pushes people away from each other | 48 | |
| 6692027510 | nation state | A state where everyone inside is the same | 49 | |
| 6692027511 | multi national state | a state with multiple nationalities wanting self determination | 50 | |
| 6692027512 | multi ethnic state | a state where many ethnicities live together | 51 |
| 13623375518 | settlements | Small communities that are started in a new place | 0 | |
| 13623375519 | Consumer Services | Businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retail services and education, health, and leisure services | 1 | |
| 13623377471 | Business Services | Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services | 2 | |
| 13623379389 | Public Services | Services offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses. | 3 | |
| 13623382667 | Central Place Theory | A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther. | 4 | |
| 13623382668 | Market Area | The area surrounding a central place, from which people are attracted to use the place's goods and services. | 5 | |
| 13623384510 | range | The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service. | 6 | |
| 13623386372 | threshold | The minimum number of people needed to support the service | 7 | |
| 13623389721 | rank-size rule | A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement. | 8 | |
| 13623394783 | primate city | The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement. | 9 | |
| 13623398392 | Gravity Model | A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service. | 10 | |
| 13623402405 | periodic market | a collection of individual vendors who come together to offer goods and services in a location on specified days | 11 |
| 13613342808 | psychology | the study of behavior and mental processes | 0 | |
| 13613342809 | psychology's biggest question | Which is more important in determining behavior, nature or nurture? | 1 | |
| 13613342810 | psychology's three levels of analysis | biopsychosocial approach (looks at the biological, psychological, and social-cultural approaches together) | 2 | |
| 13613342811 | biological approach | genetics, close-relatives, body functions | 3 | |
| 13613342812 | evolutionary approach | species - helped with survival (ancestors) | 4 | |
| 13613342813 | psychodynamic approach | (Freud) subconscious, repressed feelings, unfulfilled wishes | 5 | |
| 13613342814 | behavioral approach | learning (classical and operant) observed | 6 | |
| 13613342815 | cognitive approach | thinking affects behavior | 7 | |
| 13613342816 | humanistic approach | becoming a better human (behavior, acceptance) | 8 | |
| 13613342817 | social-cultural approach | cultural, family, environment | 9 | |
| 13613342818 | two reasons of why experiments are important | hindsight bias + overconfidence | 10 | |
| 13613342819 | types of research methods | descriptive, correlational, and experimental | 11 | |
| 13613342820 | descriptive methods | case study survey naturalistic observation (DON'T SHOW CAUSE/EFFECT) | 12 | |
| 13613342821 | case study | studies one person in depth may not be typical of population | 13 | |
| 13613342822 | survey | studies lots of people not in depth | 14 | |
| 13613342823 | naturalistic observation | observe + write facts without interference | 15 | |
| 13613342824 | correlational method | shows relation, but not cause/effect scatterplots show research | 16 | |
| 13613342825 | correlation coefficient | + 1.0 (both increase) 0 (no correlation - 1.0 (one increases, other decreases) | 17 | |
| 13613342826 | experimental method | does show cause and effect | 18 | |
| 13613342827 | population | type of people who are going to be used in experiment | 19 | |
| 13613342828 | sample | actual people who will be used (randomness reduces bias) | 20 | |
| 13613342829 | random assignment | chance selection between experimental and control groups | 21 | |
| 13613342830 | control group | not receiving experimental treatment receives placebo | 22 | |
| 13613342831 | experimental group | receiving treatment/drug | 23 | |
| 13613342832 | independent variable | drug/procedure/treatment | 24 | |
| 13613342833 | dependent variable | outcome of using the drug/treatment | 25 | |
| 13613342834 | confounding variable | can affect dependent variable beyond experiment's control | 26 | |
| 13613342835 | scientific method | theory hypothesis operational definition revision | 27 | |
| 13613342836 | theory | general idea being tested | 28 | |
| 13613342837 | hypothesis | measurable/specific | 29 | |
| 13613342838 | operational definition | procedures that explain components | 30 | |
| 13613342839 | mode | appears the most | 31 | |
| 13613342840 | mean | average | 32 | |
| 13613342841 | median | middle | 33 | |
| 13613342842 | range | highest - lowest | 34 | |
| 13613342843 | standard deviation | how scores vary around the mean | 35 | |
| 13613342844 | central tendency | single score that represents the whole | 36 | |
| 13613342845 | bell curve | (natural curve) |  | 37 |
| 13613342846 | ethics of testing on animals | need to be treated humanly basically similar to humans | 38 | |
| 13613342847 | ethics of testing on humans | consent debriefing no unnecessary discomfort/pain confidentiality | 39 | |
| 13613342848 | sensory neurons | travel from sensory receptors to brain | 40 | |
| 13613342849 | motor neurons | travel from brain to "motor" workings | 41 | |
| 13613342850 | interneurons | (in brain and spinal cord) connecting motor and sensory neurons | 42 | |
| 13613343042 | neuron |  | 43 | |
| 13613342851 | dendrites | receive messages from other neurons | 44 | |
| 13613342852 | myelin sheath | protects the axon | 45 | |
| 13613342853 | axon | where charges travel from cell body to axon terminal | 46 | |
| 13613342854 | neurotransmitters | chemical messengers | 47 | |
| 13613342855 | reuptake | extra neurotransmitters are taken back | 48 | |
| 13613342856 | excitatory charge | "Let's do it!" | 49 | |
| 13613342857 | inhibitory charge | "Let's not do it!" | 50 | |
| 13613342858 | central nervous system | brain and spinal cord | 51 | |
| 13613342859 | peripheral nervous system | somatic nervous system autonomic nervous system | 52 | |
| 13613342860 | somatic nervous system | voluntary movements | 53 | |
| 13613342861 | autonomic nervous system | involuntary movements (sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems) | 54 | |
| 13613342862 | sympathetic nervous system | arousing | 55 | |
| 13613342863 | parasympathetic nervous system | calming | 56 | |
| 13613342864 | neural networks | more connections form with greater use others fall away if not used | 57 | |
| 13613342865 | spinal cord | expressway of information bypasses brain when reflexes involved | 58 | |
| 13613342866 | endocrine system | slow uses hormones in the blood system | 59 | |
| 13613342867 | master gland | pituitary gland | 60 | |
| 13613342868 | brainstem | extension of the spinal cord responsible for automatic survival | 61 | |
| 13613342869 | reticular formation (if stimulated) | sleeping subject wakes up | 62 | |
| 13613342870 | reticular formation (if damaged) | coma | 63 | |
| 13613342871 | brainstem (if severed) | still move (without purpose) | 64 | |
| 13613342872 | thalamus | sensory switchboard (does not process smell) | 65 | |
| 13613342873 | hypothalamus | basic behaviors (hunger, thirst, sex, blood chemistry) | 66 | |
| 13613342874 | cerebellum | nonverbal memory, judge time, balance emotions, coordinate movements | 67 | |
| 13613342875 | cerebellum (if damaged) | difficulty walking and coordinating | 68 | |
| 13613342876 | amygdala | aggression, fear, and memory associated with these emotions | 69 | |
| 13613342877 | amygdala (if lesioned) | subject is mellow | 70 | |
| 13613342878 | amygdala (if stimulated) | aggressive | 71 | |
| 13613342879 | hippocampus | process new memory | 72 | |
| 13613342880 | cerebrum | two large hemispheres perceiving, thinking, and processing | 73 | |
| 13613342881 | cerebral cortex | only in higher life forms | 74 | |
| 13613342882 | association areas | integrate and interpret information | 75 | |
| 13613342883 | glial cells | provide nutrients to myelin sheath marks intelligence higher proportion of glial cells to neurons | 76 | |
| 13613342884 | frontal lobe | judgement, personality, processing (Phineas Gage accident) | 77 | |
| 13613342885 | parietal lobe | math and spatial reasoning | 78 | |
| 13613342886 | temporal lobe | audition and recognizing faces | 79 | |
| 13613342887 | occipital lobe | vision | 80 | |
| 13613342888 | corpus callosum | split in the brain to stop hyper-communication (eliminate epileptic seizures) | 81 | |
| 13613342889 | Wernicke's area | interprets auditory and hearing | 82 | |
| 13613342890 | Broca's area | speaking words | 83 | |
| 13613342891 | plasticity | ability to adapt if damaged | 84 | |
| 13613342892 | sensation | what our senses tell us | 85 | |
| 13613342893 | bottom-up processing | senses to brain | 86 | |
| 13613342894 | perception | what our brain tells us to do with that information | 87 | |
| 13613342895 | top-down processing | brain to senses | 88 | |
| 13613342896 | inattentional blindness | fail to "gorilla" because attention is elsewhere | 89 | |
| 13613342897 | cocktail party effect | even with tons of stimuli, we are able to pick out our name, etc. | 90 | |
| 13613342898 | change blindness | giving directions and person is changed and we don't notice | 91 | |
| 13613342899 | choice blindness | when defending the choice we make, we fail to notice choice was changed | 92 | |
| 13613342900 | absolute threshold | minimum stimulation needed in order to notice 50% of the time | 93 | |
| 13613342901 | signal detection theory | we notice what is more important to us (rather hear a baby crying) | 94 | |
| 13613342902 | JND (just noticeable difference) | (Weber's law) difference between different stimuli noticed in proportion | 95 | |
| 13613342903 | sensory adaptation | tired of noticing (Brain says, "Been there, done that. Next?" | 96 | |
| 13613342904 | rods | night time | 97 | |
| 13613342905 | cones | color | 98 | |
| 13613342906 | parallel processing | notice color, form, depth, movement, etc. | 99 | |
| 13613342907 | Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory | 3 corresponding color receptors (RGB) | 100 | |
| 13613342908 | Hering's opponent-process theory | after image in opposite colors (RG, YB, WB) | 101 | |
| 13613342909 | trichromatic + opponent-process | Young-Helmholtz -> color stimuli Hering -> en route to cortex | 102 | |
| 13613342910 | frequency we hear most | human voice | 103 | |
| 13613342911 | Helmoltz (hearing) | we hear different pitches in different places in basilar membrane (high pitches) | 104 | |
| 13613342912 | frequency theory | impulse frequency (low pitches) | 105 | |
| 13613342913 | Helmholtz + frequency theory | middle pitches | 106 | |
| 13613342914 | Skin feels what? | warmth, cold, pressure, pain | 107 | |
| 13613342915 | gate-control theory | small fibers - pain large fibers - other senses | 108 | |
| 13613342916 | memory of pain | peaks and ends | 109 | |
| 13613342917 | smell | close to memory section (not in thalamus) | 110 | |
| 13613342918 | grouping | Gestalt make sense of pieces create a whole | 111 | |
| 13613342919 | grouping groups | proximity similarity continuity connectedness closure | 112 | |
| 13613342920 | make assumptions of placement | higher - farther smaller - farther blocking - closer, in front | 113 | |
| 13613342921 | perception = | mood + motivation | 114 | |
| 13613342922 | consciousness | awareness of ourselves and the environment | 115 | |
| 13613342923 | circadian rhythm | daily biological clock and regular cycle (sleep and awake) | 116 | |
| 13613342924 | circadian rhythm pattern | - activated by light - light sensitive retinal proteins signal brains SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus) - pineal gland decreases melatonin | 117 | |
| 13613342925 | What messes with circadian rhythm? | artificial light | 118 | |
| 13613342926 | The whole sleep cycle lasts how long? | 90 minutes | 119 | |
| 13613342927 | sleep stages | relaxed stage (alpha waves) stage 1 (early sleep) (hallucinations) stage 2 (sleep spindles - bursts of activity) (sleep talk) stage 3 (transition phase) (delta waves) stage 4 (delta waves) (sleepwalk/talk + wet the bed) stage 5 (REM) (sensory-rich dreams) (paradoxical sleep) | 120 | |
| 13613342928 | purpose of sleep | 1. recuperation - repair neurons and allow unused neural connections to wither 2. making memories 3. body growth (children sleep more) | 121 | |
| 13613342929 | insomnia | can't sleep | 122 | |
| 13613342930 | narcolepsy | fall asleep anywhere at anytime | 123 | |
| 13613342931 | sleep apnea | stop breathing in sleep | 124 | |
| 13613342932 | night terrors | prevalent in children | 125 | |
| 13613342933 | sleepwalking/sleeptalking | hereditary - prevalent in children | 126 | |
| 13613342934 | dreaming (3) | 1. vivid bizarre intense sensory experiences 2. carry fear/survival issues - vestiges of ancestors' survival ideas 2. replay previous day's experiences/worries | 127 | |
| 13613342935 | purpose of dreaming (5 THEORIES) | 1. physiological function - develop/preserve neural pathways 2. Freud's wish-fulfillment (manifest/latent content) 3. activation synthesis - make sense of stimulation originating in brain 4. information processing 5. cognitive development - reflective of intelligence | 128 | |
| 13613342936 | 1. Can hypnosis bring you back in time? 2. Can hypnosis make you do things you wouldn't normally do? 3. Can it alleviate pain? 4. What state are you in during hypnosis? 5. Who is more susceptible? | 1. cannot take you back in time 2. cannot make you do things you won't do 3. can alleviate pain 4. fully conscious ((IMAGINATIVE PEOPLE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE)) | 129 | |
| 13613342937 | depressants | slows neural pathways | 130 | |
| 13613342938 | alcohol | ((depressant)) disrupts memory formation (REM) lowers inhibition expectancy effect | 131 | |
| 13613342939 | barbituates (tranquilizers) | ((depressant)) reduce anxiety | 132 | |
| 13613342940 | opiates | ((depressant)) pleasure reduce anxiety/pain | 133 | |
| 13613342941 | stimulants | hypes neural processing | 134 | |
| 13613342942 | methamphetamine | ((stimulant)) heightens energy euphoria affects dopamine | 135 | |
| 13613342943 | caffeine | ((stimulant)) | 136 | |
| 13613342944 | nicotine | ((stimulant)) CNS releases neurotransmitters calm anxiety reduce pain affects (nor)epinephrine and dopamine | 137 | |
| 13613342945 | cocaine | ((stimulant)) euphoria affects dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine | 138 | |
| 13613342946 | hallucinogen | excites neural activity | 139 | |
| 13613342947 | ecstasy | ((hallucinogen)) reuptake is blocked affects dopamine and serotonin | 140 | |
| 13613342948 | LSD | ((hallucinogen)) affects sensory/emotional "trip" (+/-) affects serotonin | 141 | |
| 13613342949 | marijuana | ((hallucinogen)) amplify sensory experience disrupts memory formation | 142 | |
| 13613342950 | learning | organism changing behavior due to experience (association of events) | 143 | |
| 13613342951 | types of learning | classical operant observational | 144 | |
| 13613342952 | famous classical psychologists | Pavlov and Watson | 145 | |
| 13613342953 | famous operant psychologist | Skinner | 146 | |
| 13613342954 | famous observational psychologists | Bandura | 147 | |
| 13613342955 | classical conditioning | outside stimulus | 148 | |
| 13613342956 | Pavlov's experiment | Step 1: US (food) -> UR (salivation) Step 2: NS (bell) -> US (food) -> UR (salivation) Later... CS (bell) -> CR (salivation) | 149 | |
| 13613342957 | Watson's experiment | white rat was given to Little Albert Step 1: US (noise) -> UR (cry) Step 2: NS (rat) -> US (noise) -> UR (cry) Later... CS (rat) -> CR (cry) | 150 | |
| 13613342958 | generalization | any small, white fluffy creature will make Albert cry now | 151 | |
| 13613342959 | discriminate | any large, white fluffy creature won't make Albert cry | 152 | |
| 13613342960 | extinction | stop "treating" with conditioned response | 153 | |
| 13613342961 | spontaneous recovery | bring stimulus back after a while | 154 | |
| 13613342962 | operant conditioning | control by organism | 155 | |
| 13613342963 | Skinner's experiment | operant chamber / Skinner box (lead to shaping) | 156 | |
| 13613342964 | shaping | get animal closer to doing what you want them to do | 157 | |
| 13613342965 | reinforcers | want to continue behavior (positive reinforcement: give money to do laundry) (negative reinforcement: do to avoid nagging) | 158 | |
| 13613342966 | punishments | want to stop behavior (positive reinforcement: smack) (negative reinforcement: take away phone) | 159 | |
| 13613342967 | fixed ratio | happens a certain number of times (Starbucks punch card) | 160 | |
| 13613342968 | variable ratio | happens an unpredictable number of times (winning the lottery) | 161 | |
| 13613342969 | organism must do these (2 times) | fixed ratio and variable ratio | 162 | |
| 13613342970 | fixed interval | happens at a certain time (mailman comes to the house at 10:00 AM) | 163 | |
| 13613342971 | variable interval | happens at any time (receive texts from friends) | 164 | |
| 13613342972 | these things happen regardless (2 times) | fixed interval and variable interval | 165 | |
| 13613342973 | Which (fixed/variable) conditions better? | variable | 166 | |
| 13613342974 | criticisms of Skinner | doesn't take into account intrinsic motivation | 167 | |
| 13613342975 | intrinsic motivation | doing something for yourself, not the reward | 168 | |
| 13613342976 | extrinsic motivation | doing something for reward | 169 | |
| 13613342977 | Skinner's legacy | use it personally, at school, and at work | 170 | |
| 13613342978 | famous observational experiment | Bandura's Bobo doll | 171 | |
| 13613342979 | famous observational psychologist | Bandura | 172 | |
| 13613342980 | mirror neurons | "feel" what is observed happens in higher order animals | 173 | |
| 13613342981 | Bobo doll experiment legacy | violent video games/movies desensitize us see good: do good see evil: do evil | 174 | |
| 13613342982 | observational learning | biological behaviors work best | 175 | |
| 13613342983 | habituation | get used to it -> stop reacting | 176 | |
| 13613342984 | examples for observational learning | lectures and reading | 177 | |
| 13613342985 | serotonin involved with memory | speeds the connection between neurons | 178 | |
| 13613342986 | LTP | ((long-term potentiation)) strengthens potential neural forming (associated with speed) | 179 | |
| 13613342987 | CREB | protein that can switch genes on/off with memory and connection of memories | 180 | |
| 13613342988 | glutamate involved with memory | neurotransmitter that enhances LTP | 181 | |
| 13613342989 | glucose involved with memory | released during strong emotions ((signaling important event to be remembered)) | 182 | |
| 13613342990 | flashbulb memory | type of memory remembered because it was an important/quick moment | 183 | |
| 13613342991 | amygdala (memory) | boosts activity of proteins in memory-forming areas to fight/flight | 184 | |
| 13613342992 | cerebellum (memory) | forms and stores implicit memories ((classical conditioning)) | 185 | |
| 13613342993 | hippocampus (memory) | active during sleep (forming memories) ((information "moves" after 48 hours)) | 186 | |
| 13613342994 | memory | learning over time contains information that can be retrieved | 187 | |
| 13613342995 | processing stages | encoding -> storage -> retrieval | 188 | |
| 13613342996 | encoding | information going in | 189 | |
| 13613342997 | storage | keeping information in | 190 | |
| 13613342998 | retrieval | taking information out | 191 | |
| 13613342999 | How long is sensory memory stored? | seconds | 192 | |
| 13613343000 | How long is short-term memory stored? | less than a minute | 193 | |
| 13613343001 | How many bits of information is stored in short-term memory? | 7 | 194 | |
| 13613343002 | How many chunks of information is stored in short-term memory? | 4 | 195 | |
| 13613343003 | How many seconds of words is stored in short-term memory? | 2 | 196 | |
| 13613343004 | short term memory goes to ______________ | working memory | 197 | |
| 13613343005 | working memory | make a connection and process information to mean something | 198 | |
| 13613343006 | working memory goes to _________________ | long-term memory | 199 | |
| 13613343007 | How much is stored in long-term memory? | LIMITLESS | 200 | |
| 13613343008 | implicit memory | naturally do | 201 | |
| 13613343009 | explicit memory | need to explain | 202 | |
| 13613343010 | automatic processing | space, time, frequency, well-learned information | 203 | |
| 13613343011 | effortful processing | processing that requires effort | 204 | |
| 13613343012 | spacing effect | spread out learning over time | 205 | |
| 13613343013 | serial position effect | primary/recency effect | 206 | |
| 13613343014 | primary effect | remember the first things in a list | 207 | |
| 13613343015 | recency effect | remember the last things in a list | 208 | |
| 13613343016 | effortful processing (4 things) | 1. recency effect 2. spacing effect 3. testing effect 4. serial position effect | 209 | |
| 13613343017 | semantic encoding (1) meaning (2) how to | make meaning out of something --- chunk, hierarchy, or connect to you | 210 | |
| 13613343018 | if we can't remember a memory... | 1. change memory to suit us 2. fill in the blanks with logical story | 211 | |
| 13613343019 | misinformation effect | not correct information | 212 | |
| 13613343020 | imagination inflation | imagine or visualize something that isn't real | 213 | |
| 13613343021 | source amnesia | what is the truth? (is it a dream, story, memory, etc.?) | 214 | |
| 13613343022 | priming | association (setting you up) | 215 | |
| 13613343023 | context | environment helps with memory | 216 | |
| 13613343024 | state-dependency | you may remember something if you go back to the state you were in (go back to high) | 217 | |
| 13613343025 | mood-congruency | emotion will bring back similar emotional memories | 218 | |
| 13613343026 | forgetting curve | forget after 5 days forget after 5 years | 219 | |
| 13613343027 | the forgetting curve was created by | Ebbinghaus | 220 | |
| 13613343028 | proactive interference | old information interferes with the new | 221 | |
| 13613343029 | retroactive interference | new information interferes with the old | 222 | |
| 13613343030 | children can't remember before age __ | 3 | 223 | |
| 13613343031 | Loftus | connected to abuse cases/childhood | 224 | |
| 13613343032 | prototypes | generalize | 225 | |
| 13613343033 | problem-solving (4) | trial + error algorithms heuristic (representative + availability) insight - "AHA!" | 226 | |
| 13613343034 | against problem-solving | fixation | 227 | |
| 13613343035 | mental set | what has worked in the past | 228 | |
| 13613343036 | functional fixedness | only way to do this is with this | 229 | |
| 13613343037 | Chomsky (nature or nurture?) | "born with language" (nature) | 230 | |
| 13613343038 | Skinner (nature or nurture?) | language is learned (nurture) | 231 | |
| 13613343039 | grammar is _________ | universal | 232 | |
| 13613343040 | phonemes | smallest sound unit | 233 | |
| 13613343041 | morphemes | smallest meaning unit | 234 |
| 11780737339 | Prostrate (adj) | (adj) to lay face down on the ground in humility, submission, or adoration | 0 | |
| 11780751434 | Prudent (adj) | (adj) cautious, careful, showing good sense | 1 | |
| 11780763150 | Qualms (n) | (n) an uncomfortable feeling of doubt about whether you are doing the right thing | 2 | |
| 11780788611 | Randy (adj) | (adj) sexually aroused | 3 | |
| 11780803372 | Recitation (n) | (n) an event when one recites a literary work (usually) orally for an audience | 4 | |
| 11780813213 | Reiterate (v) | (v) to say again, repeat | 5 | |
| 11780825888 | Resonant (adj) | (v) Strong and deep in tone; having a prolong, subtle or stimulating effect beyond the initial impact | 6 | |
| 11780840064 | Rheumatism (n) | (n) any painful disorder of the joints or muscles or connective tissues | 7 | |
| 11780847904 | Sated (adj) | (adj) satisfied fully | 8 | |
| 11780855668 | Scant (adj) | (adj) barely sufficient or adequate | 9 |
We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.
For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.
If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.
While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!
