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AP World History Strayer Chapter 9 Vocabulary Flashcards
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| 11413602675 | Qur'an | *Definition:* Islamic sacred book of Muhammad's life and message. *Significance:* The word of God that the Muslims believe and follow. |  | 0 |
| 11413602676 | Umma | *Definition:* The entire community of Muslims bound together by ties of religion. *Significance:* Goal of creating a just and moral society where all believers are community (equality). |  | 1 |
| 11413602677 | Pillars of Islam | *Definition:* (1) Allah is the one true God. (2) 5 daily prayers. (3) Charitable. (4) Fast of Ramadan. (5) Hajj. *Significance:* Rules followed every day. The lifestyle to be good and responsible as a Muslim. |  | 2 |
| 11413602678 | Hijra | *Definition:* Muhammad fled from Mecca to Medina. *Significance:* Other merchants didn't appreciate Muhammed, so he left to Medina (another holy place). He came back to Mecca to reconquer it later. |  | 3 |
| 11413602679 | Sharia | *Definition:* Islamic law based on teachings of the Qur'an. *Significance:* It's the foundation of Muslim Law and how Muslims live their lives (with the Ulama as the judge). |  | 4 |
| 11413602680 | Jizya | *Definition:* Poll tax paid by non-Muslims (minority groups) within Muslim empire. *Significance:* Allowed religious freedom through taxes. Christians and Jews were allowed within the empire because Muslims wanted more trading opportunities. |  | 5 |
| 11413602681 | Ulama | *Definition:* Doctors of Muslim religion and law. *Significance:* Religiously trained scholars and authorities to look to for Qur'an and Muslim faith. | 6 | |
| 11413602682 | Umayyad Caliphate | *Definition:* 2nd of the 4 major caliphates (rule/reign of chief Muslim ruler). *Significance:* Construction of Mosques to symbolize imperial power. It was short lived because of the favor of Arabs. |  | 7 |
| 11413602683 | Abbasid Caliphate | *Definition:* 3rd of the 4 major caliphates. *Significance:* Founded the city of Baghdad, the capital of the "Golden Age" (enlightenment and prosperity). |  | 8 |
| 11413602684 | Sikhism | faith, blended Hinduism and Islam, Monotheistic | 9 | |
| 11413602685 | Al-Ghazali | *Definition:* Islamic thinker who was a scholar. He argued for rationale. *Significance:* He believed that rational philosophy alone could never enable believers to know about Allah. They must know in their heart. (Caused Sufism). |  | 10 |
| 11413602686 | Ibn Battuta | *Definition:* Visited West Africa and criticized the Muslim practices there. *Significance:* Detailed account of visits to Islamic lands, and documented travels. He provided insight. |  | 11 |
| 11413602687 | Timbuktu | *Definition:* Port city of Mal by the Niger River. *Significance:* Contained library and university. It was the center of Islamic religious and intellectual life. |  | 12 |
| 11413602688 | Anitolia | Christians invaded by Turkish Islam, quickly converted to islam, Ottoman Empire | 13 | |
| 11413602689 | al-Andalus | *Definition:* Chief site of Islamic encounter with Christian Europe (conquered by Arab and Berber forces). *Significance:* Muslims, Christians, and Jews contributed to culture. A place of harmony and tolerance (75% converted to Islam). |  | 14 |
| 11413602690 | Madrassas | *Definition:* (11th century) Formal colleges, offered more advanced instructions in Qur'an and sayings of Muhammad. It was the informal teachings with text memorization. *Significance:* Another way Ulama passed on teachings of the faith, and important knowledge of the faith. |  | 15 |
| 11413602691 | House of Wisdom | *Definition:* Baghdad, the center for research and translation of scientific, medical, and philosophical texts. *Significance:* Islamic ideas circled the world, and Greek information was being translated into Arabic. |  | 16 |
| 11413602692 | Ibn Sina | *Definition:* Writer in almost all fields of science and philosophy. *Significance:* Set standards for medical practice in Islamic and Christian worlds. Accurately diagnosed many disease and found treatments, and revolutionary writings. |  | 17 |
AP World History Unit 4 Study Guide Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 12417958213 | European Trading Empires in the Americans | Great Britain, France, Spain, portugal. | 0 | |
| 12417958214 | Columbian Exchange | The exchange of goods, ideas, and practices from the Old World (Europe, Asia, and Africa) to the New World (North and South America) and vice versa. | 1 | |
| 12417958215 | Trans-Atlantic Trade | global trading system in the Caribbean and the Americans trade networks extended to all corners of Atlantic Ocean | 2 | |
| 12417958216 | Triangular Trade | Trading System between Europe, Africa, and the colonies; Europeans purchased slaves from Africa and sold them to American colonist, raw materials from the colonies went to Europe while Europeans processed goods were sold in the colonies. |  | 3 |
| 12417958217 | Middle Passage | A paasage by boat that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies | 4 | |
| 12417958218 | Joint-stock companies | formed by groups of people who jointly make an investment and share in the profits and losses of trade. Part of capitalist economy. | 5 | |
| 12417958219 | East India Companies | British, French, and Dutch trading stock companies that obtained government monopolies of trade to India and Asia, worked sepperately. | 6 | |
| 12417958220 | Vodun | African religious ideas and practices among descendants of African slaves in west indies. | 7 | |
| 12417958221 | Protestant Reformation | A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches. started by Martin Luther. | 8 | |
| 12417958222 | Mercantilism | An economic policy where nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by exporting more goods than they imported | 9 | |
| 12417958223 | Martin Luther | A German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices. He led the Protestant Reformation. | 10 | |
| 12417958224 | Catholic Reformation | Religious reform movement within the Roman Catholic Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline. This was done through paintings and art by artist from the reniceance | 11 | |
| 12417958225 | Jesuits | Members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic order founded by Ignatius Loyola. They played an important part in the Catholic Reformation and helped create conduits of trade and knowledge between Asia and Europe. | 12 | |
| 12417958226 | Scientific Revolution | A major change in European thought, starting in the mid-1500s, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs. | 13 | |
| 12417958227 | Little Ice Age | Temporary but significant cooling period between the fourteenth and the nineteenth centuries; accompanied by wide temperature fluctuations, droughts, and storms, causing famines and dislocation. | 14 | |
| 12417958228 | Chattel Slavery | Absolute legal ownership of another person, including the right to buy or sell that person. The most common form of slavery in the Americas and Europe. | 15 | |
| 12417958229 | Indentured servitude | A worker bound by a voluntary agreement to work for a specified period of years usually in return for free passage to an overseas destination like the americas or Europe. | 16 | |
| 12417958230 | Encomienda System | Spaniards received grants of a number of Native Americans, from whom they could use for labor in the gold mines. | 17 | |
| 12417958231 | Mita System | The system recruiting workers for "public service work" particularly difficult and dangerous chores done as a tribute to the Incan government but changed with the arrival of Spaniards to the Americas to fit the Spaniards need of free labor. | 18 | |
| 12417958232 | Jannisaries | Ottoman empire required non-Islamic families in the Balkans to give up their young boys to be a member of the Turkish infantry forming the Sultan's guard | 19 | |
| 12417958233 | Devshirme | Christian boys, taken from the Balkan provinces, converted to Islam, and recruited by force to serve the Ottoman government. The boys must passed through a series of examinations to determine their intelligence and capabilities. | 20 | |
| 12417958234 | Daimyo | (in feudal Japan) one of the great lords who were vassals of the shogun | 21 | |
| 12417958235 | Peninsulares | a Spanish-born person living in the New World or the Spanish East Indies. | 22 | |
| 12417958236 | Creoles | a person of mixed European and black descent, especially in the Caribbean | 23 | |
| 12417958237 | Mestizos | A person of mixed Native American and European ancestry | 24 | |
| 12417958238 | Mulattos | Persons of mixed European and African ancestry | 25 | |
| 12417958239 | King Louis XIV | (1638-1715) An absolute monarch that completely controlled France. His greatest accomplishment was the building of the palace at Versailles. | 26 | |
| 12417958240 | King Phillip II | King of Spain (1556 - 1598) He was the most powerful monarch in Europe until 1588; controlled Spain, the Netherlands, the Spanish colonies in the New World, Portugal, Brazil, parts of Africa, parts of India, and the East Indies. He was also father to Alexander the Great. | 27 | |
| 12417958241 | Peter the Great | (1672-1725) Russian tsar. He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg. | 28 | |
| 12417958242 | Absolutism | the acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, or theological matters | 29 | |
| 12417958243 | Parliamentary monarchy | A government with a king or queen whose power is limited by the power of a parliament, and was the government system of Britain | 30 | |
| 12417958244 | Divine Right | A belief of kings and monarchs that they have a God-given right to rule and that rebellion against them is a sin. | 31 | |
| 12417958245 | Palace of Versailles | A palace built for Louis XIV near the town of Versailles, southwest of Paris. It was built around a chateau belonging to Louis XIII, which was transformed by additions in the grand French classical style | 32 | |
| 12417958246 | Ottoman Empire | Gun powder empire (Turkey) ruled by Suleiman | 33 | |
| 12417958247 | Safavids (Abbas) | Gun powder empire (Persians) | 34 | |
| 12417958248 | Mughals | Gunpowder empire (India) ruled by Akbar the great | 35 | |
| 12417958249 | Aztecs | This empire emerged as the dominant force in central Mexico, developing an intricate social, political, religious and commercial organization. | 36 | |
| 12417958250 | Incas | A Native American people who built a notable civilization in western South America in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Located in present-day Peru. Francisco Pizarro of Spain conquered the empire. | 37 | |
| 12417958251 | Ming Dynasty | The Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. | 38 | |
| 12417958252 | Tokugawa Shogunate | Unified daimyo (lords) to keep peace from 1600 to 1867 in Japan | 39 | |
| 12417958253 | Conquistadors | Early-sixteenth-century Spanish adventurers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru. (Cortez, Pizarro, Francisco.) | 40 | |
| 12417958254 | Hernan Cortes | a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire | 41 | |
| 12417958255 | Francisco Pizzaro | Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca's | 42 | |
| 12417958256 | Thirty Year War | a series of wars in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648. It was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, as well as the deadliest European religious war, resulting in eight million casualties. | 43 | |
| 12417958257 | Japan's Closed Country policy | As a result of Europeans entering and converting thousands to Christianity, the Shogun expelled or eliminated European entrance to the country | 44 | |
| 12417958258 | Napoleon Bonaparte | Overthrew the French revolutionary government (The Directory) in 1799 and became emperor of France in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile. | 45 | |
| 12417958259 | Declaration of Independence | the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain | 46 | |
| 12417958260 | Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen | French Revolution document that outlined what the National Assembly considered to be the natural rights of all people and the rights that they possessed as citizens | 47 | |
| 12417958261 | American Revolution | This political revolution began with the Declaration of Independence in 1776 where American colonists sought to balance the power between government and the people and protect the rights of citizens in a democracy. | 48 | |
| 12417958262 | French Revolution | The revolution that began in 1789, overthrew the absolute monarchy of the Bourbons and the system of aristocratic privileges, and ended with Napoleon's overthrow of the Directory and seizure of power in 1799. | 49 | |
| 12417958263 | Syncretism | a blending of beliefs and practices from different religions into one faith (Ex: catholicism to latin america, voodo to african slaves in west indies , islamic faith in islamic empires. | 50 | |
| 12417958264 | Land empires | Mughals, Ottomans, Russians, Chinese. | 51 |
AP World History Chapter 2: Nubia, Olmec & Chavin, Celts Flashcards
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| 5796942898 | Nubia | South of Egypt (called Kush) a.k.a. Land of the Bow | 0 | |
| 5796943110 | Nubia & Egypt | Conquered for its Riches Influenced in Every Aspect of Culture: Worshiped Egyptian Gods Wore Egyptian Clothes Fought as Archers in Military (Great Archers) Evolved Egyptian Hieroglyphs | 1 | |
| 5796945231 | Nubia vs. Egypt Pyramids | Smaller & Steeper Not as Geometrically Perfect/Structurally Perfect But Still had Triangular & Contained Tombs | 2 | |
| 5796946514 | Nubia's Kingdom | 1750 BCE - Invaded Weakened New Kingdom of Egypt, Well Basically Took Over | 3 | |
| 5796946726 | Meroe | 800 BCE - 350 BCE Ruled Egypt in 25th Dynasty Capital of Nubia in 4th Century Matriarchal | 4 | |
| 5796947353 | Queen Amanireans | Defended Meroe against the Romans & Signed a Peace Treaty including Tribute that was later struck down | 5 | |
| 5796947848 | Olmec | 1200 - 400 BCE Mexico & America First Pyramids in America Politically Centered around Kinship Power Influenced by Trade and Religion Cities Laid out in Pattern of the Stars Giant Head Statues Ball Game - One with the use of no hands and Goal is on the Steep Wall | 6 | |
| 5796948632 | San Lorenzo | City of Olmec 900 BCE Earthen Mounds Dominated the Cities | 7 | |
| 5796949776 | Chavin | South America on West Coast Llamas - Used for Trade that was Important 900 - 250 BCE Prime Clan-Based Metallurgy 200 BCE for First Time Cocoa leaves for Altitude | 8 | |
| 5796950553 | Llamas | Only Domestic Animal in Adean Mountains Useful for Meat, Wool, and being a Pack Animal | 9 | |
| 5796951461 | Celts | Julius Ceasar Wrote about the Celts Which is the Main Account for Knowledge about them Europe 1st Millenium Dominated N. Europe (like around the United Kingdom) | 10 | |
| 5796952177 | Celt Social Structure | Warriors Lived for Fighting (were like Barbarians) No Politics thus no need for Records Clan-Based (Nomadic in Nature) Druids were at the Top (Priests & Teachers) | 11 | |
| 5796955261 | Accomplishments | Used Iron after Bronze Fostering Iron Age | 12 | |
| 5796955428 | Female Celts | Child Rearing & Household Chores Could Inherit Husband's Estates | 13 |
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