Flashcards
Flashcards
AP World History 6th Edition STEARNS Chapter 22 Vocab Terms Flashcards
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| 3790864581 | caravels | Slender, long-hulled vessels utilized by Portuguese; highly maneuverable and able to sail against the wind; key to development of Portuguese trade empire in Asia | 0 | |
| 3790864893 | Asian sea trading network | Prior to intervention of Europeans, consisted of 3 zones: Arab zone based on glass, carpets, and tapestries; India based on cotton textiles; China based on paper, porcelain, and silks | 1 | |
| 3791213297 | mercantilists | Economic theorists that stressed governments' promotion of limitation of imports from other nations and internal economies in order to improve tax revenues; popular during the 17th and 18th centuries in Europe | 2 | |
| 3791224281 | Ormuz | Portuguese factory or fortified trade town located at the southern end of the Persian Gulf; site for forcible entry into Asiansea trade network | 3 | |
| 3791231703 | Goa | Portuguese factory or fortified trade town located onwestern India coast; site for forcible entry into Asian sea trade network | 4 | |
| 3791241129 | factories | European trading fortesses and compounds with resident merchants; utilized throughout Portuguese trading empire to assure secure landing places and commerce | 5 | |
| 3791248795 | Batavia | Dutch fortress located after 1620 on the island of Java | 6 | |
| 3791253388 | Dutch trading empire | The Dutch system extending into Asia with fortified towns and factories, warships on patrol, and monopoly control of a limited number of products | 7 | |
| 3791261391 | Luzon | Northern island of Philippines; conquered by Spain during the 1560s; site of major Catholic missinoary effort | 8 | |
| 3791266146 | Mindanao | Southern island of Philippines; a Muslim kingdom that was able to successfully resist Spanish conquest | 9 | |
| 3791273043 | Francis Xavier | Spanish Jesuit missionary who worked in India in 1540s among the outcaste and lower caste groups; made little headway among elites | 10 | |
| 3791285742 | Robert di Nobili | Italian Jesuit missionary who worked in India during the early 1600s; introduced strategy to convert elites first; strategy later widely adopted by Jesuits in various parts of Asia; mission eventually failed | 11 | |
| 3791297992 | Hongwu | First Ming emperor in 1368 who originally was of peasant lineage; orinally named Zhu Yuanzhang; drove out Mongol influence; restored positionof scholar-gentry | 12 | |
| 3791309926 | Macao | One of 2 ports in which Europeans were permitted to trade in China during the Ming dynasty | 13 | |
| 3791316393 | Canton | One of 2 ports in which Europeans were permitted to trade in China during the Ming dynasty | 14 | |
| 3791324521 | Matteo Ricci | Along with Adam Schall, Jesuit scholar in the court of the Ming emperors; skilled scientist; won few converts to Christianity | 15 | |
| 3791333441 | Adam Schall | Along with Matteo Ricci, Jesuit scholar in the court of the Ming emperors; skilled scientist; won few converts to Christianity | 16 | |
| 3791342673 | Chongzhen | Last of the Ming emperors; committed suicide in 1644 in the face of a Jurchen capture of the Forbidden City at Beijing | 17 | |
| 3791351094 | Oda Nobunaga | Japanese daimyo; first to make extensive use of firearms; in 1573 deposed last of Ashikaga shoguns; unified much of central Honshuunder his command | 18 | |
| 3791361083 | Toyotomi Hideyoshi | General under Nobunaga; succeeded as leading military power in central Japan; continued efforts to break power of daimyos; constructed a series of alliances that made him military master of Japan in 1590; died in 1598 | 19 | |
| 3791374687 | Edo | Tokugawa capitalcity; modern-day Tokyo; central of the Tokugawa Shogunate | 20 | |
| 3791377195 | Tokugawa Ieyaso | Vassal of Toyotomi Hideyoshi; succeeded him as most powerful military figure in Japan; granted title of shogun in 1603 and established Tokugawa Shogunate; established political unity in Japan | 21 | |
| 3791397850 | Deshima | Island in Nagasaki Bay; only port open to non-Japanese after closure of the islands in the 1640s; only Chinese and Dutch ships were permitted to enter | 22 | |
| 3791404876 | School of National Learning | 23 |
AP Psychology Personality Flashcards
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| 6381921001 | Sigmund Freud | Founder of psychoanalysis Originally a medical doctor and found that his patients were suffering from an illness with psycho-logical causes This led him to develop theories of the unconscious mind, psycho-sexual development and Psychoanalysis |  | 0 |
| 6381921002 | Psychoanalytic Theory | Psychologist: Sigmund Freud Behavior is due to unconscious motives and conflicts Early childhood experiences determine personality |  | 1 |
| 6381921003 | Unconscious Mind | -foundation for the psychoanalytic theory -controls the phenomena of repressed feelings, automatic skills, subliminal perceptions, thoughts, habits and automatic reactions as well as possibly holding emotional complexes, phobias and desires. |  | 2 |
| 6381921004 | Id | located in the unconscious present at birth Ruled by the "Pleasure Principle" and has no values, morality, or logic (animal instincts) |  | 3 |
| 6381921005 | Ego | located in both conscious, & unconscious Developed after birth, the self Ruled by the "Reality Principle" and balances the id and superego by being organized, rational, and postponing gratification |  | 4 |
| 6381921006 | SuperEgo | located in both conscious, & unconscious developed by age 5 Ruled by the "Morality Principle" and is the opposite of the Id because it is the internal, parental voice with rules and values |  | 5 |
| 6381921007 | Free Association | A technique used to access the unconscious patient freely exposes his/her ideas, impressions, etc. |  | 6 |
| 6381921008 | Freudian Slips | Slips of the tongue that expose the unconscious |  | 7 |
| 6381921009 | Psychosexual Development | - sequential and discontinuous stages with changing erogenous zone and conflict in each stage if conflict is not successful resolved, the result is fixation O.A.P.L.G (Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital) |  | 8 |
| 6381921010 | Oral stage | Age: 0-1 Erogenous Zone: Mouth Task: Oral Activities (sucking, chewing, biting, etc) Fixation: Smoking, Over-eating |  | 9 |
| 6381921011 | Anal stage | Age: 1-3 Erogenous Zone: Anus Task: Potty Training Fixation: Anal retentive or Anal Expulsive |  | 10 |
| 6381921012 | Latency stage | Age: 6 to puberty Erogenous Zone: None Task: develop relationships with same sex peers to strengthen gender identity Fixation: doesn't occur at this stage |  | 11 |
| 6381921013 | Phallic stage | Age: 3-5 Erogenous Zone: Genitals Task: Gender Identity Fixation: Narcissism, Homosexuality |  | 12 |
| 6381921014 | Genital stage | Age: Puberty to death Erogenous Zone: Genitals Task: Find a hetero-sexual relationship Fixation: doesn't occur at this stage but old conflicts will arise |  | 13 |
| 6381921015 | Penis Envy | Freudian theory that girls become upset and scarred because because they don't have a penis and a penis is a key to being successful. Phallic Stage |  | 14 |
| 6381921016 | Electra Complex | girls sexually desire dad and hate mom but need to resolve this in order to develop a gender identity Phallic Stage of Psycho-sexual Development |  | 15 |
| 6381921017 | Oedipus Complex | boys sexually desire mom and hate dad but need to resolve this in order to develop a gender identity Phallic Stage of Psycho-sexual Development |  | 16 |
| 6381921018 | Defense mechanisms | - extreme measures protect the ego from threats; operate unconsciously and deny, falsify, or distinct reality - not successful coping strategies because they do not remove stressors |  | 17 |
| 6381921019 | Neo-Freudians | Jung, Horney, Adler Believed that Freud put too much emphasis on sex and there needed to be more emphasis on social factors |  | 18 |
| 6381921020 | Collective unconscious | Psychologist: Carl Jung Defined: A warehouse of "instinctive memories" passed down to each generation and all humans share and is made up of archetypes |  | 19 |
| 6381921021 | Archetypes | Defined: Inherited universal concepts that create the Collective Unconscious Examples: Anima v. Animus, Mother v. Father, Persona v. Shadow, Hero v. Villain |  | 20 |
| 6381921022 | Basic Anxiety | Psychologist: Karen Horney anxiety that is created by being born helpless. Most overcome this, those who don't develop neurotic personalities- aggressive, compliant, or withdrawn |  | 21 |
| 6381921023 | Womb envy | Psychologist: Karen Horney Defined: women do not suffer from "penis envy" but are envious of male's superior status. Men are envious of a women's ability to have children and therefore, they compensate with other forms of achievement. |  | 22 |
| 6381921024 | Inferiority Complex | Psychologist: Alfred Adler Defined: people who compensate for feelings of inferiority (feeling like they're less than other people, not as good as others, worthless, etc.) by acting ways that make them appear superior. |  | 23 |
| 6381921025 | Projective Tests | Description: Provide ambiguous stimuli in order to trigger the projection of one's inner dynamics Strengths: Provide lots of information Weaknesses: highly subjective and has low reliability Tests: Rorschach Inkblot Test, & Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), Draw a Person test |  | 24 |
| 6381921026 | Rorschach Inkblot Test | seeks to identify people's inner feelings and conflicts by analyzing their interpretations of 10 inkblots. Critics question the validity and reliability of the tests. |  | 25 |
| 6381921027 | Thematic Apperception Test | people view ambiguous pictures and then make up stories about them. Presumably, their accounts reflect their interests and inner feelings. |  | 26 |
| 6381921028 | Humanistic Psychologists | Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow Description: People develop their personality by trying to reach their full potential Strengths: model was built in a therapy setting Weaknesses: concepts are vague and subjective, individualistic and western based and naive because it fails to appreciate the reality of our capacity for evil |  | 27 |
| 6381921029 | Self-Concept | Psychologist: Carl Rogers Goal: Actualizing Tendency (full potential) Theory: A person has who they are, Real Self, and who they want to be, Ideal Self and a successful persoanlity has congruence People need genuineness (honesty), unconditional positive regard (love), and empathy (understanding) to develop a good persoanlity |  | 28 |
| 6381921030 | Congruence | A person's Real Self and Ideal Self can merge together Part of Roger's Self-Concept Theory | 29 | |
| 6381921031 | Incongruence | When a person's Real Self and Ideal self do not match, causing anxiety. Part of Roger's Self-Concept Theory |  | 30 |
| 6381921032 | Unconditional positive regard | Defined: receiving acceptance, value, and love from others without requirements Part of Roger's Self-Concept theory in which he says it is necessary to receive from others in order to develop a healthy personality |  | 31 |
| 6381921033 | Empathy | People will try to understand one's feelings and mirror it back to them Part of Roger's Self-Concept theory in which he says it is necessary to receive from others in order to develop a healthy personality |  | 32 |
| 6381921034 | Hierarchy of Needs | Psychologist: Abraham Maslow Description: Pyramid |  | 33 |
| 6381921035 | Trait Theories | Description: focuses on identifying how people typically behave but does NOT explain how personality developed Strengths: based on empirical evidence with factor analysis Weaknesses: people might behave differently based on the situation they are experiencing Tests: 16 Personality Factors (16 PF), 3 Dimensions, and Myers Briggs |  | 34 |
| 6381921036 | Factor analysis | - a statistical procedure that identifies common factors among groups of items, to simplify a long list of items into a small number of dimensions -used with trait theories |  | 35 |
| 6381921037 | Self-Report Inventories | Description: a questionnaire which is used to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors Strengths: empirically derived Weaknesses: social desirability-people can lie and manipulate the information Tests: MMPI, CPI, 16 PF |  | 36 |
| 6381921038 | MMPI | Most extensively researched personality inventory. Used to assess mental health professions (police, nurses, doctors, pilots) |  | 37 |
| 6381921039 | Big Five Trait Theory | Psychologists: McCrae and Costa Description: OCEAN or CANOE Significance: traits are stable in adulthood, heritability accounts for 50% of personality and can be used to predict other personal attributes | 38 | |
| 6381921040 | Openess | characteristics such as imagination and insight, and those high in this trait also tend to have a broad range of interests |  | 39 |
| 6381921041 | Conscientiousness | include high levels of thoughtfulness, with good impulse control and goal-directed behaviors. |  | 40 |
| 6381921042 | Extraversion | characterized by excitability, sociability, talkativeness, assertiveness and high amounts of emotional expressivenes |  | 41 |
| 6381921043 | Agreeableness | includes attributes such as trust, altruism, kindness, affection and other pro-social behaviors. |  | 42 |
| 6381921044 | Neuroticism | characterized by sadness, moodiness and emotional instability |  | 43 |
| 6381921045 | Social Cognitive Approach to Personality | Description: Personality is influenced between the interaction of a person's traits (including their thinking) and their social context Strengths: based on empirical evidence Weaknesses: minimizes the importance of one's inner traits, emotions, and unconscious motives Examples: Reciprocal Determinism, Locus of Control Psychologists: Bandura |  | 44 |
| 6381921046 | Reciprocal determinism | Psychologist: Bandura Defined: Personality is developed by the interaction of behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors. How it works: Everyone has a "self-system" of skills abilities and attitudes Self-Efficacy is what can change the system |  | 45 |
| 6381921047 | External Locus of Control | The perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate Effects: Pessimism and often learned helplesses |  | 46 |
| 6381921048 | Internal Locus of Control | The perception that you control your own fate Effects: Optimism Optimism leads to longer lives with less illnesses but excessive optimism can also lead us to be blind to risks and overconfidence | | 47 |
| 6381921049 | Self- efficacy | Defined: the belief in your own ability to deal with different situations and accomplish specific goals It is NOT self esteem which is your general sense of self worth Consequences: people with high self-efficacy are able to succeed because they have an internal locus of control |  | 48 |
| 6381921050 | Compensation | Defense Mechanism where people try to overcome feelings of inferiority in one area by striving to be superior in another area Major part of Alfred Adler's theory |  | 49 |
Essential Cultural Knowledge: AP Spanish Language and CuIture Flashcards
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| 9528069277 | Papel que juega la literatura en la vida de personas en la comunidad | Don Quixote: Novel by Spaniard Miguel de Cervantes, contemporary of William Shakepspeare. Published 1612. Considered the most influential of Spanish canon (body of literary work) and one of the highest-rated fictional works of all time. Cult Comp: Moby Dick, Hamlet, Collected works of Shakespeare, Oliver Twist, Great Expectations |  | 0 |
| 9581220172 | Papel que juega la literatura en la vida de personas en la comunidad | Mario Vargas Llosa, Peru. literature as a means of exploring other possible realities. awaken the imagination through reading. | 1 | |
| 9612538232 | Cómo muestran su independencia los jóvenes en la comunidad | In Spain. The young enjoy freedom unlike any other place with festivals and activities in a healthy and safe way. In their country their unemployment rates are the second highest in the OECD countries and the majority of kids live at home with their parents. In our country our unemployment rates are far lower with better chances of kids getting there own homes. |  | 2 |
| 9618166729 | La importancia de la música como forma de expresión de la identidad cultural en Mexico y en Los EEUU | Because Mexico has the largest media industry in Latin America it is important to express their cultural identity by, producing Mexican artists telling stories of the Mexican Revolution, pride, Mestizo, romance, poverty, politics or crime in their music. Music in the United States expresses their diverse identity through their different styles and adaptation of music genres coming from different cultures adapting to what the music in the United States is today. Example: Elvis Presley with rock and roll, Eminem: Rapping |  | 3 |
| 9618170473 | El efecto de los fenómenos naturales en la vida de las personas en la comunidad | There are earthquakes in Mexico very frequently, like there are here. There was a 7.2 earthquake recently and it did a lot of damage. It brought the community together. We know what that is like here because of the fires. |  | 4 |
| 9618187222 | la influencia (positiva o negativa) de las figuras políticas en la vida de la comunidad | Antonio Hermenegildo Carmona Añorve, was the director of police of Mexicali. Due to his collaboration with drug-dealing and organized crime he was arrested on August 29, 2001 and was sentenced to 36 years in prison. An example why the Mexican citizens distrust their own government. However, people such as Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata, Benito Juarez are known for their considerable amount of positive influence towards Mexican history and culture. An example of a political figure in america: Abraham Lincoln who single handedly saved the union. |  | 5 |
| 9618183350 | Las actitudes sobre la diversidad de la cultura en México | Mexico is diverse, and Mexicans often identify by their indigenous ancestors, or by location, such as central, southern, south-eastern or northern Mexico. Example: Zapoteca (The Zapotec people in Southern Mexico) Cultural comparison: Most Americans identify by their ancestors' nationality or race. Example: Pomo Indians |  | 6 |
| 9618184004 | Valores que se usan en la comunidad para determinar el éxito. | In the United States and in Spain we determine success in almost the same way. In the U.S. we use money and our jobs to determine success. Spain determines success in this way too but they also use happiness to determine success. |  | 7 |
| 9618190760 | Desafíos más grandes que enfrentan las familias en la comunidad. | In Mexico, a big challenge families face is immigration since families travel across the border into the US for money due to poverty in Mexico. Meanwhile in the US, a challenge families face is divorce. |  | 8 |
| 9618212544 | Papel que juega la religión en la vida de los miembros de la comunidad. | In Spain, the country is mainly Catholic. The Catholic religion is and has been an important part of its society and culture for centuries. The church can unify people and create closer communities and families. Cultural Comparison: In the United States, religion is still important, but is more of an individual practice because of the diversity of religious beliefs. |  | 9 |
| 9618187443 | Los avances tecnológicos y su efecto en la calidad de vida de los miembros de la comunidad | Mexican company 'Ilumexico' aims to bring solar electricity to rural Mexican communities, create jobs, and improve quality of life for Mexicans that live off the grid. Cultural Comparison: Elon Musk and Tesla Musk has a goal of running the USA on primarily solar power Ex. Tesla's solar panel roof tiles |  | 10 |
| 9618215236 | La importancia de la familia en la vida de los individuos en la comunidad | En la cultura de españa, es muy importante que las familias pasen mucho tiempo juntos. Ellos van a fiestas y bailes para hacer esto. También es importante que la familia pase tiempo con miembros extendidos de la familia. Cultural Comparison: en los estados unidos, la importancia de la familia es una cosa que depende familia a familia en vez de parte de la cultura. |  | 11 |
| 9618212291 | Actividades en las que los miembros de la comunidad participan para disfrutar su tiempo libre | In Mexico many of the teenagers go to school and hangout with friends for fun. Unlike in America, teenagers are allowed to go to clubs so they often go to clubs and other parties like "Quinces" for when a girl turns 15. |  | 12 |
| 9618234770 | Los desafíos del sistema educativo. | Economic inequality in Mexico leads to some of the region's families living comfortably, while families to the south are struggling to feed themselves and therefore do not have the needs to attend school. In the United States, there are safety nets to make sure all children can not only get an education, but they can also eat, get clothing, and have tutoring readily available. |  | 13 |
| 9618227771 | Efectos que han tenidos los inmigrantes en la vida cultural de la comunidad | Immigrants bring their different cultures and perspectives to a community. This adds to the community's diversity and awareness of other countries. Most immigrants in Mexico are from Columbia, Argentina, Guatemala, and Honduras. Cultural Comparison: Most American immigrants are from European, Asian, and Latin American countries. |  | 14 |
| 9618261951 | Papel de los espacios públicos en la vida de los miembros de la comunidad en barcelon, españa. | The city of Barcelona uses public places in order to build a diverse and harmonious community through influenced interaction among these places. In the US public places are considered places for socializing and interaction. Similar to Barcelona, usually having aesthetic presence, in the form of architecture and art. Important words: comité de espacios publicos comité de coexistencia grupo inter para la inmigración |  | 15 |
| 9618249435 | Importancia de las artes en la comunidad. | The murals and graffiti through the barrios in Buenos Aires, Argentina show the citizens messages of protest, grief, and rage. They show the nation's history and current problems. An example is "Blinded by the flag" painted by an Italian artist Blu. Cultural comparison: The picture shown was supposed to be in the Rockefeller Center in New York. It was painted by Diego Rivera. The mural was too controversial so it was destroyed. |  | 16 |
| 9618270417 | el trabajo voluntario y su efecto en el bienestar de las personas en tu comunidad | There are volunteer projects in Spain where individuals have to pay and apply where once accepted, they volunteer in Spain for two weeks. Projects include teaching/assisting children and adults in need with new languages and educational courses. (math, science, etc.) With a better education, the employment rates increase. Cult. Comp: Plowshares Peace and Justice Center Their purpose is to provide food for anyone in need through volunteers. Through Plowshares, nobody in our community is left starving. |  | 17 |
| 9618224011 | Desafíos que enfrenta la comunidad con respecto a las personas sin hogar | Homelessness costs a community a lot of money, as shelters and hospital care are often more expensive for homeless people than real housing and health care for non homeless people. This creates a moral dilemma for many communities; why would we spend so much on people who don't even contribute to society? The fact is, homeless people are more likely to be mentally ill, use drugs, or have long term physical health issues. People fear the homeless for these reasons, and the desire to help these people is in turn very low. This means that homelessness does not go away and these people remain on the streets. CC: In Madrid, Spain, there is an estimated 40,000 homeless people, many of which are living in the city (4.8%) or directly on the streets (33%). In NYC, about 63,000 people sleep on the streets every night. While this is significantly more than Madrid, NYC has almost twice as big of a population. |  | 18 |
| 9618245903 | días patrióticos/ celebraciones nacionales e importancia de su celebración en la comunidad. | Mexican day of independence is on Sept. 16th and is a celebration of their breakaway from Spain. Mexico celebrates Hidalgo as the Mexican Washington. In America we celebrate Independence Day on July 4th. Our national hero is George Washington. |  | 19 |
| 9618533794 | igualdad | equality | 20 | |
| 9618539023 | desigualdad | inequality | 21 | |
| 9618277184 | Las oportunidades educacionales que existen en la comunidad | In rural Guatemala, the education system is made up of poorly supplied teachers with inadequate teaching supplies and necessities such as desks or even properly constructed classrooms. Also, since more than half the population lives below the poverty line, many children are forced to stay home and support their families and work to provide financial stability. According to the State of Education in Guatemala, out of the 65% of the population that is enrolled in secondary schooling only 59% actually complete their education and only 18% enroll in higher education. **Cultural comparison: In the United States, we have the luxury of school funding towards sufficient classroom materials, the building of the classrooms themselves, sports teams/ equipment, and much more. Also, it is less of a financial problem for students to go to school instead of working which leads to a higher enrollment and completion rate of education. |  | 22 |
| 9618247836 | relevancia que han tenido los personajes históricos en la identidad o el bienestar de la comunidad | Isabel Ferrer Giner was well known for her school in Spain for girls where she taught poor girls religion and profession of sewing in order to support themselves that is still use today. Cult Comp: Mala Foundation |  | 23 |
| 9618253167 | la igualdad y desigualdad de género (gender) en la vida cotidiana | In Spain, 92% of Spaniards still believe their country has yet to achieve equality, and despite recent protests have not seen results. In the United States, 57% of American women believe that their country has not done enough to achieve equality, but are doing more to achieve general equality and are seeing small steps towards it. | 24 | |
| 9618291050 | Métodos para prevenir enfermedades en la sociedad / Esfuerzos de atención médica preventiva | In Mexico, there is a public health service along with health services provided by jobs. The free service provides patients with diabetes screening, vaccinations and chronic illness treatment. In the United States, Obamacare was created to be a health insurance plan for middle to low income families. It was aimed to reduce the amount of uninsured people in the US. | 25 | |
| 9618311516 | Un deportista profesional y su contribución al bienestar de la comunidad | Rafael Marquez Alvarez, a Mexican soccer player who has contributed in NED (Nutrition Education and Sports) for young people who have had situations due with gangs, alcohol and other uses of drugs. |  | 26 |
| 9618299250 | Importancia de la celebración de las diferentes tradiciones culturales | An important cultural tradition in México is the celebration of El día de los muertos. This celebration is one full of color and happiness, as opposed to most American's avoidance of death. |  | 27 |
| 9618419816 | Los efectos del desempleo en la comunidad a las personas individualmente y a la comunidad en general | If a community has great unemployment, that community would be lacking many jobs and money for all people. In the U.S., the unemployment rate is 4.1% and in Spain, the rate is 16.4%. Spain has a great amount of youth unemployment and it is very difficult for the community not to have jobs. | 28 | |
| 9627630163 | el afecto del liderazgo de las mujeres en la vida de las personas en la comunidad | Clara Campoamor lead the women's suffrage movement in Spain in 1931, successfully giving women in Spain the right to vote. Cultural Comparison: Susan B Anthony (founded the National Woman Suffrage Association in 1869. Women's right to vote came in 1920) |  | 29 |
| 9656909254 | Historic event que ha afectado profundamente al caracter de la comunidad | In 2000, Vicente Fox was elected president of Mexico. During his presidency, he focused on calming areas of civil unrest, reducing crime, and drug trafficking, which profoundly impacted communities. In the US, Obama's presidency also had an effect on communities, for example the Affordable Care Act and the rise of employment rates. |  | 30 |
| 9657261355 | El efecto económico que han tenido los inmigrantes en la comunidad | Spain has seen the most growth from immigrants in the last 15 years in Europe. Spain also has had one of the fastest growing economies in Europe, which it attributes to the work force provided by immigration. Immigrants in America make up a huge portion of the agricultural workforce. The economy relies on them to provide cheap labor. | 31 |
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AP Language Rhetorical Terms Lists 51-71 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 10966650151 | symbol | Anything that represents itself and stands for something else | 0 | |
| 10966650152 | synecdoche | A type of metaphor in which the part stands for the whole or the whole for a part | 1 | |
| 10966650153 | synecdoche | Ex. Farmer Joe has two hundred head of cattle , and three hired hands. If we had some wheels, I'd put on my best threads and ask for Jane's hand in marriage. | 2 | |
| 10966650154 | syntax | The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences. | 3 | |
| 10966650155 | theme | The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life. | 4 | |
| 10966650156 | thesis | A sentence that expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or position. | 5 | |
| 10966650157 | tone | The writer/speaker's attitude toward his the text, the audience, or both. | 6 | |
| 10966650158 | transition | A word or phrase that links different ideas. | 7 | |
| 10966650159 | understatement | The ironic minimizing of fact | 8 | |
| 10966650160 | wit | Intellectually amazing language that surprises and delights | 9 | |
| 10966650161 | periodic sentence | A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. | 10 | |
| 10966650162 | periodic sentence | For example: "Ecstatic with my AP score, I let out a loud, joyful shout!" | 11 | |
| 10966650163 | personification | A figure of speech in which the author gives concepts, animals, or inanimate objects human qualities or emotions. | 12 | |
| 10966650164 | polysyndeton | The deliberate and excessive use of conjunctions in successive words or clauses. | 13 | |
| 10966650165 | polysyndeton | Ex: "It's [football] a way of life, really, to those particular people who are a part of it. It's more than a game, and regardless of what level it's played upon, it still demands those attributes of courage and stamina and coordinated efficiency and goes even beyond that for [it] is a means - it provides a mental and physical relaxation to everybody that watches it, like yourself." | 14 | |
| 10966650166 | prose | One of the major divisions of genre; refers to fiction and non-fiction | 15 | |
| 10966650167 | rhetorical question | Differs from hypophora in that it is not answered by the writer because its answer is obvious or obviously desired, and usually just a yes or no answer would suffice. | 16 | |
| 10966650186 | paradox | a statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but is actually true and valid | 17 | |
| 10966650187 | parallelism | comes from the Greek roots meaning "beside one another"; refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity | 18 | |
| 10966650188 | parallelism | Ex: "It was the best of times. It was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness..." | 19 | |
| 10966650189 | parody | a work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule | 20 | |
| 10966650190 | pedantic | an adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish | 21 | |
| 10966695043 | personification | A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes | 22 | |
| 10966696688 | personification | Ex: The delicious bread danced in my stomach. | 23 | |
| 10966701373 | sarcasm | From the Greek meaning "to tear flesh"; harsh, cutting language or tone intended to ridicule; may use irony | 24 | |
| 10966709739 | satire | A work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule. | 25 |
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While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!
