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AP World History Chapter 28 Vocab Flashcards

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8577718319Western FrontA line of trenches and fortifications in World War I that stretched without a break from Switzerland to the North Sea. Scene of most of the fighting between Germany, on the one hand, and France and Britain, on the other.0
8577718320FaisalArab prince, leader of the Arab Revolt in World War I. The British made him king of Iraq in 1921, and he reigned under British protection until 1933.1
8577718321Theodore HerzlAustrian journalist and founder of the Zionist movement urging the creation of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine.2
8577718322Balfour DeclarationStatement issued by Britain's Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour in 1917 favoring the establishment of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine.3
8577718323BolsheviksRadical Marxist political party founded by Vladimir Lenin in 1903. Under Lenin's leadership, the Bolsheviks seized power in November 1917 during the Russian Revolution.4
8577718324Vladimir LeninLeader of the Bolshevik (later Communist) Party. He lived in exile in Switzerland until 1917, then returned to Russia to lead the Bolsheviks to victory during the Russian Revolution and the civil war that followed.5
8577718325Woodrow Wilson(1856-1924) President of the United States (1913-1921) and the leading figure at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. He was unable to persuade the U.S. Congress to ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations.6
8577718326League of NationsInternational organization founded in 1919 to promote world peace and cooperation but greatly weakened by the refusal of the United States to join. It proved ineffectual in stopping aggression by Italy, Japan, and Germany in the 1930s, and it was superseded by the United Nations in 1945.7
8577718327Treaty of VersaillesThe treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans.8
8577718328New Economic PolicyPolicy proclaimed by Vladimir Lenin in 1924 to encourage the revival of the Soviet economy by allowing small private enterprises. Joseph Stalin ended the N.E.P. in 1928 and replaced it with a series of Five-Year Plans.9
8577718329Sun Yat-senChinese nationalist revolutionary, founder and leader of the Guomindang until his death. He attempted to create a liberal democratic political movement in China but was thwarted by military leaders.10
8577718330Yuan ShikaiChinese general and first president of the Chinese Republic (1912-1916). He stood in the way of the democratic movement led by Sun Yat-sen.11
8577718331GuomindangNationalist political party founded on democratic principles by Sun Yat-sen in 1912. After 1925, the party was headed by Chiang Kai-shek, who turned it into an increasingly authoritarian movement.12
8577718332Chiang Kai-shekGeneral and leader of Nationalist China after 1925. Although he succeeded Sun Yat-sen as head of the Guomindang, he became a military dictator whose major goal was to crush the communist movement led by Mao Zedong.13
8577718333mandate systemAllocation of former German colonies and Ottoman possessions to the victorious powers after World War I, to be administered under League of Nations supervision.14
8577718334Margaret SangerAmerican nurse and author; pioneer in the movement for family planning; organized conferences and established birth control clinics.15
8577718335Max PlanckGerman physicist who developed quantum theory and was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1918.16
8577718336Albert EinsteinGerman physicist who developed the theory of relativity, which states that time, space, and mass are relative to each other and not fixed.17
8577718337Wilbur and Orville WrightAmerican bicycle mechanics; the first to build and fly an airplane, at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, December 7, 1903.18
8577725318Fourteen PointsPeace program presented to U.S. Congress by President Woodrow Wilson in January 1918. Called for evacuation of German-occupied lands, the drawing of borders and the settling of territorial disputes by the self-determination of the affected populations, and the founding of an association of nations to preserve the peace and guarantee their territorial integrity. Rejected by Germany, but made Wilson the moral leader of the Allies in the last year of World War I.19
8577738886AtaturkFounder of modern Turkey. Distinguished himself in the defense of Gallipoli in World War I and expelled a Greek expeditionary army from Anatolia in 1921-1922. Replaced Ottoman Empire with Turkish Republic in 1923. As president, he pushed through a radical Westernization and reform of Turkish society.20
8577752499Sigmund FreudAustrian psychiatrist, founder of psychoanalysis. Argued that psychological problems were caused by traumas, especially sexual experiences in early childhood, that were repressed in later life. His ideas caused controversy among psychologists and in the public. Although his views on repressed sexuality are no longer widely accepted, his psychoanalytic methods are still very influential.21

AP Language Week 7 Flashcards

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9808627048aberrationsomething not typical; a deviation from the norm0
9808627049abhorto hate, to detest1
9808627050abidebe faithful, to endure, to put up with2
9808627051abscondRun away; usually includes taking something along3
9808627052abstemiousSparing in consumption of especially food and drink4
9808627053abysmalextremely bad, appalling5
9808627054acclaimedwelcomed publicly with shouts and approval; praised6
9808627055adornadd beauty, decorate7
9808627056adulteratemake something impure by mixing inferior substance; corrupt, debase8
9808627057aestheticconcerning or characterized by an appreciation of beauty or good taste9
9808627058aggregatesum total of many heterogenous things taken together10
9808627059alleviatemake (pain) easier to bear11
9808627060alliterationuse of the same consonant at the beginning of each stressed syllable in a line of verse12
9808627061ambiguousdoubtful, uncertain; open to more than one interpretation13
9808627062amnestya pardon, warrant granting release from punishment14
9808627063anarchystate of lawlessness and disorder15
9808627064anguishsevere suffering16
9808627065anomalousAbnormal; Deviating from the general or common order or type17
9808627066antipathyA feeling of intense dislike, object of a feeling of intense aversion18
9808627067apartheidbrutal racial discrimination19

AP Literature Vocab Week 11 Flashcards

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7941132046ignominious (adj)humiliating0
7941133060execrated (v)cursed; damned; denounced1
7941134998adduced (v)led to; cited as proof2
7941138540indignation (n)righteous anger3
7941139724wantonly (adv)without regard for what is right4
7941142483timorous (adj)timid; shy; full of apprehension5
7941145239bauble (n)trinket; cheap ornament6
7941146165manacled (adj)chained; fettered7
7941147628absolution (n)forgiveness, redemption8
7941150156obdurate (adj)stubborn9
7941152790perdition (n)eternal damnation10
7941154254ignominy (n)disgrace, dishonor11
7941179316perpetrated (v)carried out12
7941180819tarnish (v)to corrode, discolor, discredit, disgrace13
7941181755avowal (n)frank acknowledgement or admission14
7941184154augmenting (n)adding to something15
7941185813complacency (n)self-satisfaction16
7941187048abhorrence (n)a feeling of extreme repugnance17
7941188330depraved (adj)sinful, morally corrupted18
7941190590abyss (n)a deep, immeasurable space, gulf, or cavity; vast chasm19

AP Literature Vocab Flashcards

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7131056371AllusionAn indirect reference to another idea, person, place, event, artwork, etc to enhance the meaning of work in which it appears0
7131060355AssonanceRepetition of vowel sounds1
7131061256AnalogyA comparison between two different items that an author may use to describe,define, explain etc, by indicating their similarities2
7131067889AntithesisTwo opposing ideas presented in a parallel manner3
7131071589ApostropheA device or figure of speech that is most frequently found in poetry when a writer speaks directly to an abstract person, idea, or ideal4
7131093004AnecdoteA little known story told for rhetorical effect5
7131095047ArchetypeAn iconic representation of a psychological type6
7131096007BalladA poem written to tell a tale7
7131097833ConnotationThe emotional feel of a word8
7131099481CaricatureAn exaggerated representation of someone or something for a humorous effect9
7131105480DictionThe conscious decision the author makes when choosing vocabulary to create an intended effect10
7131107258DenotationThe literal definition of a word11
7131108646Dramatic MonologueA poem told from a first person point of view to an unseen audience12
7131109665EpithetAn adjective or adjective phrase that an author uses to describe the perceived nature of a noun by accentuating one of its dominant characteristics13
7131113622EmulationImitating a writers style or approach14
7131114019HyperboleExaggeration or overstatement to emphasize a point or to achieve a specific effect that can be serious, humorous, sarcastic, or even ironic15
7131116618JuxtapositionPlacing two or more concepts side by side16
7131117346LyricA poem expressing emotional thought17
7131118970MetaphorA direct comparison between two unlike things18
7131124452MetonymyA metaphor in which the actual subject is represented by an item with which it is closely associated19
7131125563MeterRhythm; series of accented and unaccented syllables20
7131126479NemesisUnrelenting matchless foe21
7131126996OdeLengthy poem that addresses a lofty or exalted topic22
7131128543OnomatopoeiaThe word imitating the sound that is being made23
7131129414OxymoronFigure of speech in which opposite ideas are combined24
7131131429ParallelismGrammatically similar constructions that create a sense of balance that allows the audience to compare and contrast the parallel subjects25
7131133959PastoralPoetry that idealizes the simple lives of shepherds in a rural setting26
7131135746PersonaThe projected personality of the person telling subjects27
7131137338ParableStory told to teach a morale lesson28
7131137674PersonificationFigure of speech in which a non-human thing is given human characteristics29
7131139182QuatrainA stanza with four lines30
7131140070Rhetorical QuestionA question to which one does not expect an answer31
7131141213SimileFigure of speech that uses the words like or as to compare two seemingly unlike things.32
7131143770SpeakerThe voice of one who tells a story33
7131144235ScansionThe act of analyzing rhythm and rhyme34
7131145041SolioquyThoughts expressed by a person who is done35
7131146971SonnetLyric poem of fourteen lines, typically written in iambic pentameter and usually following strict patterns of stanza division and rhyme.36
7131148522SyntaxThe grammatical structure of sent37
7131147816SynechdocheA metaphor that uses a part to represent the whole38
7131152850Understatement/LitoteLanguage that makes something seem less important than it really is39

AP Spanish Literature - El siglo XIX Flashcards

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7164285508Romanticismoes inspirado por la naturaleza, especialmente en sus aspectos prodigiosos o sublimes0
7164285509Realismoes influenciado por las ciencias experimentales1
7164285510Modernismoutiliza la literatura como comentario político2
7164285511Modernismotiene puntos en común con la literatura romántica como la rebeldía, la búsqueda de originalidad y la evocación del pasado legendario3
7164285512Naturalismotiene una intención ideológica, la crítica de la sociedad4
7164285513Romanticismoproclama la liberación frente a las leyes sociales, la pasión, el instinto y las expresiones como derechos individuales5
7164285514Realismotrata de la clase media y de la vida corriente6
7164285515Realismoobserva con miuciosidad y se expresa con precisión7
7164285516Modernismoes una reacción al espíritu y al estilo realistas del siglo XIX8
7164285517Romanticismouna reacción a la serenidad del clasicismo y respeto por las normas del siglo XVIII9
7164285518Realismo, Naturalismoes un movimiento cultural europeo de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX10
7164285519Realismoes una reacción contra el Romanticismo11
7164285520Romanticismosus héroes literarios viven una frustración que a veces lleva al suicidio12
7164285521Modernismomuchos de sus escritores son políticos o participiantes activos en el movimiento emancipador13
7164285522Romanticismose exalta la imaginación sobre la razón, lo fantástico sobre lo real14
7164285523Naturalismousa a veces el lenguaje vulgar y grosero15
7164285524Modernismoocurre al fin del siglo XIX y a principios del siglo XX16
7164285525Realismousa un lenguaje popular, común y coloquial que aumenta la sensación de autenticidad17
7164285526Romanticismoun movimiento cultural europeo de la primera mitad del siglo XIX18
7164285527Realismogeneralmente el narrador es omnisciente19
7164285528modernismomarca el principio de un largo período de la conversión de la literatura latinoamericana en una de las más conocidas e influyentes del mundo20
7164285529Naturalismobusca los aspectos más sórdidos de la realidad como la miseria, las enfermedades, la degeneración y los vicios21
7164285530Romanticismoalgunas veces exalta figuras antisociales como el pirata, el mendigo o el don Juan22
7164285531Realismoel argumento sirve para poner en relieve la complejidad sicológica y el desarrollo de los personajes23
7164285532Modernismopasa de la América hispana a España para influir a los escritores españoles24
7164285533Naturalismolos personajes enfrentan la imposibilidad de alterar su destino25
7164285534Modernismoes una revolución literaria que empieza en Latinoamérica26
7164285535Romanticismoes un movimiento cultural europeo de la primera mitad del siglo XIX27
7164285536Romanticismouna exaltación de la libertad individual frente a cualquier limitación28
7164285537Naturalismoañade a la visión realista una concepción determinista del hombre29
7164285538Naturalismoes una derivación del Realismo en la que las ciencias experimentales tienen más influencia30
7164285539Romanticismollega a España de las manos de los exiliados políticos31
7164285540Realismotrata de convencer al lector de una determinada idea o actitud32
7164285541Naturalismolleva la información minuciosa al extremo de darle valor documental33
7164285542modernismomira a Francia como modelo artístico34
7164285543Naturalismosostiene que la conducta está condicionada por la herencia, el ambiente y el aspecto físico35
7164285544Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer RomanticismoAutor y movimiento: «Rima LIII: Volverán las oscuras golondrinas»36
7164285545Horacio Quiroga Realismo, NaturalismoAutor y movimiento: «El hijo»37
7164285546José Martí ModernismoAutor y movimiento: «Nuestra América»38
7164285547Rubén Darío ModernismoAutor y movimiento: «A Roosevelt»39
7164285548Emilia Pardo Bazán Realismo, NaturalismoAutor y movimiento: «Las medias rojas»40
7164285549José María Heredia RomanticismoAutor y movimiento: «En una tempestad»41

AP Literature Vocab Flashcards

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9299378070AccentRefers to the stressed portion of a word0
9299380356AllegoryA story in which each aspect of the story has a symbol meaning outside of the tale itself1
9299383717AlliterationThe repetition of initial consonant sounds2
9299385948AllusionA reference to another work or famous figure3
9299388332AnachronismA misplacement in time4
9299390377AnalogyA comparison, usually involving different things5
9299393864AntagonistThe force or character opposing the protagonist6
9299395409AntecedentThe word, phrase, or clause that determines what a pronoun refers to7
9299403888AnticlimaxWhen an action produced far smaller results than one has been led to expect8
9299407385ApostropheA figure of speech wherein the speaker talks directly to something that is nonhuman9
9299409245ArchaismThe use of deliberately old-fashioned language10
9299411008ArchetypeA pattern, symbol, or other element that recurs in far-flung and mythic literature11
9299413020AssonanceThe repeated use of vowel sounds12
9299414978AtmosphereThe emotional tone/feeling or background that surrounds a scene, poem, or work13
9299417474BalladA long, narrative poem, usually in very regular meter and rhyme, typically having a naive folksy quality14
9299421615BathosWhen writing strains for grandeur it can't support and tries to jerk tears from every moment15
9299426240Blank versePoetry in unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter, usually16
9299428544BombastPretentious, exaggeratedly learned language17
9299431490BildungsromanA novel dealing with one person's formative years or spiritual education18
9299436259CaesuraA song pause build into the middle of a poetic line19
9299438077CacophonyUsing deliberately harsh, awkward sounds20
9299440044CadenceThe beat of rhythm of a poem in a general sense21
9467065864CantoThe name for a sectional division in a long work of poetry22
9467067146CaricatureA portrait (verbal or otherwise) that exaggerates a facet of personality23
9467069220CatharsisThe cleansing of emotion an audience member experiences, having lived vicariously through the experiences presented on stage24
9467074076ChorusThe group of citizens who stand outside the main action on stage and comment on it25
9467076890Coinage (neologism)When a new word is invented on the spot26
9467078989ColloquialismA word or phrases that is used in conversational English that isn't a part of accepted "schoolbook" English27
9467085424ConceitRefers to a startling or unusual metaphor, or to a metaphor developed and expanded upon over several lines28
9467088763Denotation and ConnotationThe __________ of a word it its literal meaning. The _________ are everything else that the word might suggest or imply29
9467095688ConsonanceThe repetition of consonant sounds within words30
9467097238CoupletA pair of lines that end in rhyme31
9467097239DenouementThe final part of a narrative in which the strands of the plot are drawn together and matters are explained or resolved32
9467101284Deus ex machinaThe unexpected power or event saving a seemingly hopeless situation, especially as a contrived plot device in a play or novel33
9467107745Dead metaphorAn implied figurative comparison that through frequent use no longer evokes a picture34
9467111281DecorumIn order to observe this, a character's speech must be styled according to their social situation, and in accordance with the occasion35
9467117294DidacticInstructive, intent on imparting a moral, something excessively so36
9467120205DictionA writer's selection of words37
9467120206DirgeA song for the dead38
9467121767DissonanceThe grating of incompatible sounds39
9467124117DoggerelCrude, simplistic verse, often in sing-song rhyme40
9467126144Dramatic ironyWhen the audience knows something the character in the drama do not41
9469630839Dramatic monologueWhen a single speaker in literature says something to a silent audience42
9469634084ElegyA type of poem that meditates on death or mortality in a serious, thoughtful manner43
9469637066EulogyRemarks in praise of someone who has died44
9469639346End-rhymeRhyme at the ends of poetic lines45
9469641445End-stoppedPoetic lines whose sense concludes as the line concludes46
9487861024AnthropomorphismWhen inanimate objects, animals, or natural phenomena are given human characteristics, behavior, or motivation47
9543161881EnjambmentThe continuation of a syntactic unit from one line or couplet of a poem to the next with no pause48
9543166363EpicA very long narrative poem on a serious theme in a dignified style49
9543170383EpitaphLines that commemorate the dead at their burial place50
9543174693EpigraphA quotation at the beginning of a piece or writing51
9543179614EuphemismA word or phrase that takes the place of a harsh, unpleasant, or impolite reality52
9543189850EuphonyWhen sounds blend harmoniously53
9543192959FarceA funny play or a comedy54
9543196206Feminine rhymeRhymes involving words of one stressed and then one slack or unstressed syllable55
9543200761FoilA secondary character whose purpose is the highlight the characteristics of a main character, usually by contrast56
9543205153FootThe basic unit of measurement of meter, usually containing one stressed syllable and at least one unstressed syllable57
9543215197ForeshadowingAn event or statement in a narrative that in miniature suggests a larger event that comes later58
9543219899Free versePoetry written without a regular rhyme scheme or metrical platter59
9543224910GenreA subcategory of literature60
9543230975Gothic novelAn English genre of fiction popular in the 18th to early 19th centuries, characterized by an atmosphere of mystery and horror and having a pseudo-medieval setting61
9543247875HubrisThe excessive pride or ambition that leads to the main character's downfall62
9543251758HyperboleExaggeration or deliberate overstatement63
9543254931In media resLatin for "in the midst of things." When a narrative begin in the middle of the action64
9543261067IronyA discrepancy between what is states and what is implied65
9543265423Verbal ironySaying one thing while meaning the opposite66
9543268213Cosmic ironyWhen fate dashes the protagonist's false hopes67
9543279129Situational ironyWhen events turn out to be the opposite of what one would reasonably expect68
9543283006LamentA poem of sadness or grief over the death of a loved one69
9543285879LampoonA satire70
9543285880LyricA type of poem that explores the poet's personal interpretation of and feelings about the world71
9579714740Masculine rhymeA rhyme ending on the final stressed syllable72
9579717378MelodramaA form of cheesy theater in which the hero is very, very good, the villain is oh so evil, and the heroine oh so pure73
9579721616Metaphor and Simile1. A comparison or analogy that states one thing is another 2. Like #1, but softens the full-out equation of things74
9579729412MeterRhythmic patterns of stressed and un-stressed syllables75
9579731582MetonymyA word that is used to stand for something else that it attributes of is is associated with76
9579735628MotifA recurring element or device77
9579737839NemesisThe protagonist's archenemy or supreme and persistent difficulty78
9579750064OnomatopoeiaWord that sound like they mean79
9579751915OppositionTo have a pair of elements that contrast sharply, not necessarily in conflict80
9579758990OxymoronA phrase-like contradiction81
9579774330PalindromeA word or phrase that reads the same forward and back82
9579782213ParableLike a fable or an allegory, this is a story that instructs83
9579783688ParadoxA situation or statement that seems to contradict itself, but on closer inspection, does not84
9579789025ParallelismRepeated syntactical similarities used for effect85
9579796217Parenthetical phraseA phrase set off by commas that interrupts the flow of a sentence with some added detail86
9580483677ParodyThe work that results when a specific work is exaggerated to ridiculousness87
9580487379PastoralA poem set in tranquil nature or even more specifically, about shepherds88
9580491864PathosLiterature that seeks to arouse and intensify sorrow, pity, or sympathy89
9580495027PersonificationGiving an inanimate object human qualities or form90
9580502459PlaintA poem or speech expressing sorrow91
9580506048The omniscient narratorA third-person narrator who sees, like God, into each character's mind and understand all the action going on92
9580517079The limited omniscient narratorA third-person narrator who generally reports only what one character (usually the main character) sees, and who only reports the thoughts of that one character93
9580526175The objective, or camera-eye narratorA third-person narrator who only reports on what would be visible to a camera. This narrator does not know what a character is thinking unless the character speaks of it94
9580533016The first-person narratorA narrator who is a character in the story and tells the tale from his or her point of view95
9580535096The stream consciousness techniqueLike a first-person narration, but instead of the characters telling the story, the author places the reader inside the main character's head, making them privy to all the character's thoughts96
9656174915PreludeAn introductory poem to a longer work of verse97
9656175009ProtagonistThe main character98
9656177257PicaresqueAn episodic tale of an incorrigible rascal who undertakes a series of adventures99
9656180397PunThe usually humorous use of a word in such as way to suggest two or more meanings100
9656183062Rhymed versePoetry with both rhyme and regular rhythm101
9656186304RefrainA line or set of lines repeated several times in a poem102
9656188311RequiemA son or prayer for the dead103
9656190518RhapsodyAn intensely passionate verse or section of verse, usually of love or praise104
9657161953SatireA work that exposes common character flaws to the cold light of humor105
9657163838SoliloquyA speech spoken by a character alone on stage106
9657167564SonetA lyric poem consisting of fourteen lines in iambic pentameter107
9657169662SymbolismA device in literature where an object represents an idea108
9657172376SynecdocheA figure of speech in which a part comes to stand for the whole109
9657175676Tragic FlawIn a tragedy, this is the weakness of a character in an otherwise good individual that usually leads to their downfall110
9657180393TruismA way too obvious truth111
9657181899VerisimilitudeThe appearance of actuality112
9657183565WeltanschauungA comprehensive conception or theory of the world and the place of humanity within it113

AP Literature Vocab Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
7308381527EphemeralShort-lived, fleeting, temporary(adjective)0
7308384342SycophantStuck-up(noun)1
7308385812ObsequiousObsessively obedient(adjective)2
7308389996ContriteRemorse, regret of bad behavior(adjective)3
7308394724DerisiveMock, make fun of(adjective)4
7308396392TruculentQuick to Fight/argue(Cruel)-(adj)5
7308402870InscrutableImpossible to understand(adj)6
7308405209ProsaicLacking poetic beauty(adj)7
7308407486PedanticConcerned with obscure details(adj)8
7308414159ProgenyOffspring of someone(noun)9
7308419934DemurClassily raise doubts/reject(verb)10
7308425821PrudenceWith Caution(noun)11
7308429601InsolentDisrespectful(adj)12
7308435272PugnaciousEager to Argue/fight(Naturally Aggressive)(adj)13
7308448747AnalogousSimilar, comparable, interchangeable(adJ)14
7308454249EffulgentShine, radiant, sparkle(adj)15
7308456591ResolutePurposeful, determinable, unwavering(adj)16
7308467761IrascibilityEasy to anger(hot head)(adj)17
7308469053ArduousSevere, difficult to endure(adj)18
7308471066SagaciousWise, clever(adj)19

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