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AP World History: Unit 4 Flashcards

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12066035826Trans-Oceanic Tradeglobal trading system in the Caribbean and the Americans trade networks extended to all corners of Atlantic Ocean0
12066035827Columbian ExchangeAn exchange of goods, ideas and skills from the Old World (Europe, Asia and Africa) to the New World (North and South America) and vice versa.1
12066035828MercantilismAn economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought2
12066035829Triangular TradeTrading System between Europe, Africa, and the colonies; European purchased slaves in Africa and sold them to colonies, new materials from colonies went to Europe while European finished products were sold in the colonies.3
12066035830Middle PassageA voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies4
12066035831CaravelA small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic.5
12066035832Cartographythe science or the art of making maps6
12066035833Joint-stock companiesbusinesses formed by groups of people who jointly make an investment and share in the profits and losses7
12066035834East India CompaniesBritish, French, and Dutch trading companies that obtained government monopolies of trade to India and Asia; acted independently in their regions.8
12066035835VodunAfrican religious ideas and practices among descendants of African slaves in Haiti.9
12066035836Protestant ReformationA religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.10
12066035837Martin LutherA German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices. He led the Protestant Reformation.11
1206603583895 ThesesMartin Luther's ideas that he posted on the church door at Wittenburg which questioned the Roman Catholic Church. This act began the Reformation12
12066035839Catholic ReformationReligious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline.13
12066035840JesuitsMembers of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic order founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1534. They played an important part in the Catholic Reformation and helped create conduits of trade and knowledge between Asia and Europe.14
12066035841Scientific RevolutionA major change in European thought, starting in the mid-1500s, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs.15
12066035842ColumbusItalian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)16
12066035843MagellanPortuguese explorer who sailed around the Southern end of South America and eventually reached the Philippines, but was killed in a local war there17
12066035844Vasco da Gamathe first European to reach India by sea sailing around the tip of Africa.18
12066035845Zheng HeAn imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa.19
12066035846Little Ice AgeTemporary but significant cooling period between the fourteenth and the nineteenth centuries; accompanied by wide temperature fluctuations, droughts, and storms, causing famines and dislocation.20
12066035847Chattel SlaveryAbsolute legal ownership of another person, including the right to buy or sell that person.21
12066035848Plantation EconomyThis referred to the inefficient, slave-centered economy of the South where all land was used to grow large amounts of cash crops for export.22
12066035849Indentured servitudeA worker bound by a voluntary agreement to work for a specified period of years often in return for free passage to an overseas destination. Before 1800 most were Europeans; after 1800 most indentured laborers were Asians.23
12066035850Encomienda SystemSpaniards received grants of a number of Indians, from whom they could exact "tribute" in the form of gold or labor24
12066035851Hacienda Systemlanded estates granted to conquistadors25
12066035852Mita SystemThe system recruiting workers for particularly difficult and dangerous chores that free laborers would not accept.26
12066035853DevshirmeChristian boys, taken from the Balkan provinces, converted to Islam, and recruited by force to serve the Ottoman government. The boys must passed through a series of examinations to determine their intelligence and capabilities.27
12066035854JannisariesOttoman empire required non-Islamic families in the Balkans to give up their young boys to be a member of the Turkish infantry forming the Sultan's guard28
12066035855Daimyo(in feudal Japan) one of the great lords who were vassals of the shogun29
12066035856Peninsularea Spanish-born Spaniard residing in the New World or the Spanish East Indies30
12066035857Creolesa person of mixed European and black descent, especially in the Caribbean31
12066035858MestizosA person of mixed Native American and European ancestry32
12066035859MulattosPersons of mixed European and African ancestry33
12066035860Sociedad de castasSpanish social system based on racial origins34
12066035861Commercial RevolutionA dramatic change in the economy of Europe at the end of the Middle Ages. It is characterized by an increase in towns and trade, the use of banks and credit, and the establishment of guilds to regulate quality and price.35
12066035862Potosia city in Bolivia: formerly a rich silver-mining center with the largest silver mountain36
12066035863Absolutismthe acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters37
12066035864*Louis XIV(1638-1715) Known as the Sun King, he was an absolute monarch that completely controlled France. One of his greatest accomplishments was the building of the palace at Versailles.38
12066035865*Phillip IIKing of Spain, 1556 - 1598; married to Queen Mary I of England;he was the most powerful monarch in Europe until 1588; controlled Spain, the Netherlands, the Spanish colonies in the New World, Portugal, Brazil, parts of Africa, parts of India, and the East Indies. He was also father to Alexander the Great.39
12066035866*Peter the Great(1672-1725) Russian tsar. He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg.40
12066035867*Parliamentary monarchyA government with a king or queen whose power is limited by the power of a parliament41
12066035868Divine RightsA belief of kings and monarchs that they have a God-given right to rule and that rebellion against them is a sin.42
12066035869VersaillesA palace built for Louis XIV near the town of Versailles, southwest of Paris. It was built around a chateau belonging to Louis XIII, which was transformed by additions in the grand French classical style43
12066035870Absolutismthe acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters44
12066035871Ottomans (Suleiman)Gun powder empire (Turkey)45
12066035872Safavids (Abbas)Gun powder empire (Persians)46
12066035873Mughals (Akbar, Aurangzeb)Gunpowder empire (India)47
12066035874European Empires in the AmericansGreat Britain, France, Spain, Netherlands, Denmark48
12066035875AztecsFrom their magnificent capital city, Tenochtitlan, this empire emerged as the dominant force in central Mexico, developing an intricate social, political, religious and commercial organization that brought many of the region's city-states under their control by the 15th century49
12066035876IncasA Native American people who built a notable civilization in western South America in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The center of their empire was in present-day Peru. Francisco Pizarro of Spain conquered the empire.50
12066035877Ming-Dynasty - ChinaThe Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China—then known as the Empire of the Great Ming—for 276 years following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.51
12066035878Tokugawa ShogunateUnified daimyo (lords) to keep peace from 1600 to 1867 in Japan52
12066035879ConquistadorsEarly-sixteenth-century Spanish adventurers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru. (Examples Cortez, Pizarro, Francisco.)53
12066035880Thirty Year Wara series of wars in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648. It was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, as well as the deadliest European religious war, resulting in eight million casualties.54
12066035881Treaty of WestphaliaEnded Thirty Years War in 1648; granted right to individual rulers within the Holy Roman Empire to choose their own religion-either Protestant or Catholic.55
12066035882English Civil Wara series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists over, principally, the manner of England's government56
12066035883Glorious RevolutionA reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange.57
12066035884Treaty of TordesillasA treaty signed by Portugal and Spain to divide the new world.58
12066035885Hernan Cortesa Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire59
12066035886Francisco PizzaroSpanish conquistador who conquered the Inca's60
12066035887Japan's Closed Country policyAs a result of Europeans entering and converting thousands to Christianity, the Shogun expelled or eliminated European entrance to the country61
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AP World History Chapter 10 Worlds of Christendom Flashcards

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8137477716CaesaropapismPolitical-religious system secular ruler head of religious establishment, Byzantine Empire.0
8137477717Byzantine EmpireSurviving eastern Roman Empire during the medieval centuries; named after ancient Greek city, site of which Roman emperor Constantine founded a new capital, Constantinople, in 330 C.E.1
8137477718Eastern Orthodox Christianitynoted for subordination of Church to political authorities, married clergy, use of leavened bread in Eucharist, and insistence on church councils as ultimate authority in Christian belief and practice.2
8137477719CharlemagneRuler of Carolingian Empire (r. 768-814) staged imperial revival in Western Europe.3
8137477720ConstantinopleNew capital for eastern half of Roman Empire, established Emperor Constantine(330 C.E.) on site of ancient Greek city of Byzantium4
8137477721Roman Catholic ChristianityWestern European branch of Christianity gradually defined itself separate from Eastern Orthodoxy, with major break(1054 C.E) still not been healed5
8137477722CrusadesModern term meaning "ventures of the cross," used to describe "holy wars" waged by Western Christendom from 1095 until end of Middle Ages and beyond6
8137477723CyrillicAlphabet based on Greek letters that developed by two Byzantine missionaries, Cyril and Methodius, to write Slavic languages.7
8137477724Cyril and MethodiusNinth-century Byzantine missionaries to Slavs development of script made it possible to write Slavic languages.8
8137477725European citiesWestern Europe saw major urbanization in 11th century, towns created major trade networks & notable for high degree of independence they often enjoyed.9
8137477726Greek fireForm of liquid fire sprayed at enemy; invented by Byzantines and very important in efforts to halt Arab advance into Byzantine territory.10
8137477727Holy Roman EmpireTerm invented in twelfth century to describe Germany-based empire founded by Otto I (962 C.E.)11
8137477728Guildassociation formed to pursue same line of work regulated professions; provided social and religious network for members.12
8137477729hybrid civilizationdistinctive path Western Europe in centuries following fall of western Roman Empire, leading to society included elements of ancient Rome, practices of Germanic invaders who formed new states, Christianity, and elements of pre-Roman culture still survived.13
8137477730IconoclasmDestruction of holy images; term often used to describe Byzantine state policy of image destruction from 726 to 843.14
8137477731IndulgenceRemission of penalty (penance) for confessed sin could granted only by pope, first to Crusaders and later for variety of reasons.15
8137477732JustinianByzantine emperor (r. 527-565 C.E.) his short-lived re-conquest of much former western Roman Empire and his codification of Roman law.16
8137477733Kievan Rusemerged around Kiev (9th century); culturally diverse region included Vikings, Finnic and Baltic peoples. Conversion of Vladimir, Grand prince of Kiev, to Orthodox Christianity in 988 had long-term implications for Russia.17
8137477734natural philosophyScientific study of nature, developed, in Europe, later Middle Ages.18
8137477735Otto IKing of Germany (r. 936-973) consolidated German-northern Italian state, crowned emperor(962) = "Holy Roman Empire."19
8137477736system of competing statesWestern European political life developed after fall of western Roman Empire (5th century C.E.) existence of many small, independent states encouraged military and economic competition.20
8137477737VikingsScandinavian raiders impacted Western Europe late 8th - 11th centuries; more peaceful cousins founded colonies, including Newfoundland, Greenland, and Iceland.21
8137477738prince of Kiev VladimirGrand prince (r. 978-1015 C.E.) whose conversion to Orthodox Christianity led to incorporation of Russia into sphere of Eastern Orthodoxy.22
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AP World History - Quarter 1 Exam Review 2019 Flashcards

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11335150436AfricaThe continent where humans first appeared0
11335153199Afro-EurasiaThe largest landmass on the planet. It includes the African, European, and Asian continents.1
11335208021Neolithic RevolutionThe switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle is this revolution.2
11335211166River Valley Civilizationsa type of civilization that developed near or around a major river and considered the earliest known large human civilizations3
11335224860MesopotamiaA region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that developed the first urban societies. In the Bronze Age this area included Sumer and the Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires, In the Iron Age, it was ruled by the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian empires.4
11335234057centralization of authoritythe location of most authority at the upper levels of the organization often blending political leadership with religious beliefs5
11335243023PericlesRuler of Athens who zealously sought to spread Athenian democracy through imperial force6
11335249907Civic valuesThose important principles that serve as the foundation for the democratic form of government such as justice, rule of law, majority rule7
11335252786SyncretismThe unification or blending of opposing people, ideas, or practices, frequently in the realm of religion. For example, when Christianity was adopted by people in a new land, they often incorporate it into their existing culture and traditions.8
11335256953BureaucracyA system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials9
11335265645AthensA democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta.10
11335268629SpartaGreek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts.11
11335295286HellenisticOf or influenced by the Greek Empire. A type of culture typically referred to after the conquests of Alexander the Great.12
11335297935HellenismGreek culture spread across western Asia and northeastern Africa after the conquests of Alexander the Great. The period ended with the fall of the last major Hellenistic kingdom to Rome, but Greek cultural influence persisted until the spread of Islam.13
11335300684cultural diffusionThe spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another14
11335305766Alexander the GreatBetween 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East.15
11335317183Geography of GreeceMostly a mountainous peninsula jutting out into the Mediterranean Sea. Includes about 2000 islands in the Aegean and Ionian seas. Three-fourths of land covered by mountains.16
11335320037Geography of RomeIts geography helped contribute to its success 1) Unlike Greece; Italy is not broken up into a series of separate valleys. 2) The Apennine Mountain range is less rugged than the Greek Mountain ranges. 3) They had wide, fertile plains, which made it easier to support a growing population. 4) Its formation as a peninsula contributed to Roman control of the Mediterranean region17
11335329833Roman Empirean empire established by Augustus in 27 BC and divided in AD 395 into the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern or Byzantine Empire18
11335393410Continents where specific regions were controlled by the Roman EmpireEurope, Africa, and Asia19
11335399731Mediterranean SeaA large, almost landlocked arm of the Atlantic Ocean touching Europe, Asia, and Africa. This body of water was the center of Roman trade.20
11335407701seafaringtraveling by or working at sea21
11335421037MonsoonMajor winds in the Indian Ocean that blew into India for half the year, and blew away from India for the other half. Helped facilitate trade in the Indian Ocean.22
11335425599irrigation systema water control system that supplies water to the land23
11335430946tribute systemA system in which defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. This forced transfer of food, cloth, and other goods subsidized the development of large cities.24
11335449678Code of Hammurabithe set of laws drawn up by Babylonian king Hammurabi dating to the 18th century BC, the earliest legal code known in its entirety. Did not apply equally to all social classes.25
11335460496Twelve Tables of Romecodified Roman laws; included concept of "innocent until proven guilty"; the codification of Roman law during the republic26
11335463154ZigguratsTemples built by Sumerians to honor the gods and goddesses they worshiped. These temples were made of sun-dried brick.27
11335478697Decline of Rome1. economic decay-raids by pirates/barbarians disrupts trade, leading to inflation and scarcity of products, 2. military decay-Roman soldiers fight for $, not patriotism, hired barbarians, political decay-people lost interest and were angry over taxes, 4. Dio. splits empire, 5. barbarians overrun empire and sack Rome (Huns, Visigoths, Goths etc)28
11335493229Elements of CivilizationCentralized Government, Organized Religion, Job Specialization and Social Classes, Arts, Architecture, and Infrastructure, and Writing29
11335499247The results of the fall of the Roman EmpireThe onset of the Middle Ages (Dark Ages) and feudalism. The rise of the Eastern Roman Empire.30
11335528551Eastern Roman Empirealso known as the Byzantine empire; used mostly Greek language and culture; capital-Constantinople (new Rome); enjoyed benefit of Mediterranean trade;31
11338655273Transregional/Interregional tradeThe exchange of goods, services, culture, and traditions across political or geographic boundaries.32
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Period 3 A - AP World History Flashcards

The Post-Classical World, 500-1450

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12011945065Bedouinnomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula with a culture based on herding camels and goats0
12011945066MeccaArabian commercial center; dominated by the Quraysh; the home of Muhammad and the future center of Islam1
12011945120BahgdadThe capital of the Muslim world during the regions intellectual, economic, and political height2
12011945067Medinatown northeast of Mecca; asked Muhammad to resolve its intergroup differences; Muhammad's flight to Medina, the hijra, in 622 began the Muslim calendar3
12011945121UmayyadThe first large islamic Caliphate. Its capital was in Damascus and it favored Arabs over Persians and other ethnic groups.4
12011945122Arabian NightsCollection of folk tales demonstrative of the Persian literary traditions of the Abbasid dynasty5
12011945123AbbasidIslamic empire that was more cosmopolitan, more accepting of non-Arabs, and ruled the region until overthrown by the Mongols.6
12011945124lateenA triangular shaped sail adopted by Muslim sailors that allowed ships better maneuverability in the open ocean7
12011945125Astrolabea tool adapted by Muslim traders that used the stars to aid maritime navigation8
12011945126caravanUsed camels with newly innovated saddles to carry large loads of merchandise across trade routes with incremental rest stops.9
12011945068Muhammad(570-632); religious leader who claimed to be the third prophet of the God of Abraham10
12011945069Qur'anthe holy book of Islam11
12011945070Ummacommunity of the faithful within Islam12
12011945071hajjOne of the five pillars of Islam that requires all Muslims to make a pilgrimage to Mecca if they are able.13
12011945072Caliphthe successor to Muhammad as head of the Islamic community14
12011945073Alicousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of the orthodox caliphs; focus for the development of shi'ism15
12011945074Abu Bakrsucceeded Muhammad as the first caliph16
12011945075JihadRelated to the Arabic word for struggle. Come believe it requires a physical conflict with those who challenge Islam17
12011945076Sunnisfollowers of the majority interpretation within Islam; included the Umayyads18
12011945077Shi'afollowers of Ali's interpretation of Islam19
12011945078Dhimmis"the people of the book"-- Jews, Christians; later extended to Zoroastrians and Hindus. Were given freedom to worship under most Islamic empires but sometimes faced some extra burdens like increased taxes20
12011945127SikhismSouth Asian Belief system that blends ideas from Hinduism and Islam21
12011945128AnatoliaModern day Turkey. Was the center of power for the Ottoman empire.22
12011945079Hadiths"traditions" of the prophet Muhammad; added to the Qur'an, form the essential writings of Islam23
12011945080DhowsArab sailing vessels; equipped with lateen sails; used by Arab merchants24
12011945129ShariaIslmic holy law that draws its inspiration from Muslim holy texts25
12011945081Seljuk Turksnomadic invaders from central Asia; staunch Sunnis; ruled from the 11th c. in the name of the Abbasids26
12011945082Crusadesinvasions of western Christians into Muslim lands, especially Palestine; captured Jerusalem and established Christian kingdoms enduring until 129127
12011945083UlamaIslamic religious scholars; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; opposed to non-Islamic thinking28
12011945084SufisIslamic mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions29
12011945085Mongolscentral Asian nomadic peoples; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed the last Abbasid caliph30
12011945086Chinggis Khan(1162-1227); Mongol ruler; defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms31
12011945087Arabic numeralsIndian numerical notation brought by the Arabs to the West32
12011945088Greek FireByzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals that ignited when exposed to water; used to drive back the Arab fleets attacking Constantinople33
12011945089Iconoclasmthe breaking of images; religious controversy of the 8th c; Byzantine emperor attempted, but failed, to suppress icon veneration34
12011945090Cyril and MethodiusByzantine missionaries sent to convert eastern Europe and Balkans; responsible for creation of Slavic written script called Cyrillic35
12011945091Kievcommercial city in Ukraine established by Scandinavians in 9th c; became the basis for Modern Russia36
12011945092Gothican architectural style developed during the 13th and 14th c in western Europe; featured pointed arches and flying buttresses as external support on main walls37
12011945148Hagia SophiaRussian emissaries saw this38
12011945130ConstantinopleCapital of the Byzantine Empire, later known as Istanbul after the Turkish conquest.39
12011945131caesarpopismThe type of theocracy of the Byzantine empire40
12011945132schismThe split between the Roman Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox church in the 11th century41
12011945133Nika RevoltThe most serious revolt faced by Justinian. The capital city was razed by the rebels42
12011945093Vikingsseagoing Scandinavian raiders who disrupted coastal areas of Europe from the 8th to 11th c; pushed across the Atlantic to Iceland, Greenland, and North America; formed permanent territories in Normandy and Sicily43
12011945094Manorialismrural system of reciprocal relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages; peasants exchanged labor for use of land and protection44
12011945095Serfspeasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system45
12011945096Three-field systempractice of dividing land into thirds, rotating between two different crops and pasturage-- an improvement making use of manure46
12011945097Carolingiansroyal house of Franks from 8th c to 10th c47
12011945098CharlemagneCarolingian monarch who established large empire in France and Germany circa 80048
12011945099Holy Roman Emperorspolitical heirs to Charlemagne's empire in northern Italy and Germany; claimed title of emperor but failed to develop centralized monarchy49
12011945100Vassalsmembers of the military elite who received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty50
12011945101Magna CartaGreat charter issued by King John of England in 1215; represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy, and the supremacy of law51
12011945102Parliamentsbodies representing privileged groups; institutionalized the principle that kings ruled with the advice and consent of their subjects52
12011945103Hundred Years Warconflict between England and France over territory (1337-1453) Established a since of Nationalism with each country. Joan of Arc united the French and promoted French patriotism.53
12011945104Thomas Aquinascreator of one of the great syntheses of medieval learning; taught at University of Paris; author of Summas; believed that through reason it was possible to know much about natural order, moral law, and nature of God54
12011945105Scholasticismdominant medieval philosophical approach; so-called because of its base in the schools or universities; based on use of logic to resolve theological problems55
12011945106Hanseatic Leaguean organization of north German and Scandinavian cities for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance56
12011945107Guildsassociations of workers in the same occupation in a single city; stressed security and mutual control; limited membership, regulated apprenticeships, guaranteed good workmanship; held a privileged place in cities57
12011945108Black Deathbubonic plague that struck Europe in the 14th c; significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure; decimated populations in Asia58
12011945109Southern Songsmaller surviving dynasty (1127-1279); presided over one of the greatest cultural reigns in world history. Fell to the Mongols in 1276 and eventually taken over in 1279.59
12011945134Suirestored order to China after the long warring period following the collapse of the Han Dynasty60
12011945135Tributary systemThe system whereby China saw itself as a "Middle Kingdom" which the rest of the region revolved around. It forced neighboring powers to give large gifts and kowtow to the emperor annually.61
12011945136Chan BuddhismA syncretic faith that created a form of Buddhism that focused more on meditation and spiritualism than on rigid doctrines or adherence to texts.62
12011945137Neo-ConfucianismA synchretic faith that combines rational thought about social order with the metaphysics of Daoism and Buddhism63
12011945138Du FuOne of the most important poets of the Tang Dynasty64
12011945139XuanzangChinese monk who made a pilgrimage to India and popularized Mahayana Buddhism in China, in spite of resistance from the Tang emperors.65
12011945140JinThe empire created by peoples from central Asia which encompassed the Northern region of China during the Song dynasty66
12011945141Shintoa Japanese religion dating from the early 8th century and incorporating the worship of ancestors and nature spirits and a belief in sacred power ( kami ) in both animate and inanimate things. It was the state religion of Japan until 1945.67
12011945142Tale of GenjiA Japanese novel written during the Heian period by a female author. It demonstrates the court life of the era.68
12011945110Grand Canalgreat canal system begun by Yangdi; joined Yellow River region to the Yangtze basin69
12011945111JunksChinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, stern-post rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula70
12011945112Flying moneyChinese credit instrument that provided vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of a venture; reduced danger of robbery; an early form of currency71
12011945113Samuraimounted troops of the bushi; loyal to local lords, not the emperor72
12011945114Footbindingpractice imposed during the Song dynasty in China. It limited women's mobility and demonstrates decreased status for women.73
12011945115Seppukuritual suicide in Japan; also known as hari-kiri; demonstrated courage and was a means to restore family honor74
12011945116Shogunsmilitary leaders of the bakufu75
12011945117Daimyoswarlord rulers of small states Japan's feudal era76
12011945118Ottoman EmpireTurkish empire established in Asia Minor and eventually extending through the Middle East and the Balkans; conquered Constantinople in 1453 and ended Byzantine Empire77
12011945149Silk Road Trade system78
12011945143Champa Ricetributary gift from Vietnam to China, led to population increase79
12011945144Tang Dynastyfollowed Sui, established tributary states in Vietnam and Korea, influence Japan, Established strong Buddhist and Confucian presence80
12011945145Black Deathplague that originated with Mongols, led to mass population decrease in Europe, later weakened faith in Christian church and increased the power of serfs/peasants. Led partly to fall of Feudal structures in Europe.81
12011945146Marco Polotraveler/merchant from Europe who spend 17 years at court of Kublai Khan82
12011945147footbindingbegan during Song era, demonstrates objectification and oppression of women, abolished during Yuan and brought back during Ming83
12011945150Byzantine empire84
12011945151Empire of Charlemagne85
12011945152Umayyad Caliphate86
12011945153Muslim trade routes87
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AP World History Unit 3: 600-1400 Flashcards

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11794911992NeoconfucianismA philosophy that emerged in Song-dynasty China0
11794932522Dar al-IslamScholars use this term to define countries where Islam is the ruling religion1
11794943203InterregionalRelating to or occuring in different regions2
11794951582MonetizationCoining of crrancy or the printing of banknotes3
11794970005AstrolabeAn instrument formerly used to make astronomical measurments; used in finding the alitudes of celestial bodies and calculating laditude4
11795002581Bubonic PlagueDisease brought to Europe in the 14th century by the Mongols5
11795010094ReconstitutedBuilt up again from parts6
11795016105BerbersIndigenous people of western North Africa (pre-Arab)7
11795045243DiffusionThe spreading of something more widly8
11795054497CaravanA group of people, especially traders or pilgrims, traveling together across a desert in Asia or North Africa.9
11795063203CreditAdd an amount of money to an account10
11797473663Maritimeconnected with the sea; seafaring and navy11
11797482733CommerceThe activity of buying and selling of goods, typically on a larger scale12
11797490542Labor TaxesTaxes imposed on employers or employees (usually taken out of a workers salary or pay)13
11797605706Coerced LaborLabor achieved through use of force or threats14
11797614719GuildsMedieval association of merchants or craftsmen, usually with considerable power15
11797627116TextilesA type of cloth or woven fabric16
11797633073IslamThe Muslim faith, Muhammad is the prophet of Allah17
11797641181BantuA group of languages in Central and South America, such as Swahili18
11797648729Luxury GoodsGoods that are not necessary or essential, MADE19
11797658452Bulk GoodsCan be stored or transported in large quainties, such as gold or iron20
11797667615SerfsAn agricultural laborer bound on the bottom of the feudal pyramid21
11797682454The CrusadesA series of Holy Wars that were largely unsuccessful22
11797693383Admiral Zheng HeChinese explorer who traveled 1405-1433 across Asia and East Africa23
11797711026Foot BindingChinese practice of compressing a girl's feet to keep them small24
11797725653Labor Organizationa union that supports public policies designed to increase basic human rights25
11797742898ContinuitiesA consistent existence or operation of something for a period of time26
11797753184Urban RevivalPrograms of land redevelopment after a period of urban decay27
11797760824ArabicCulture of the Arab world, the language28
11797766762IslamicRelating to Islam29
11797774444MuslimRelating to a follower of Islam or their religion30
11797779676CaliphatesRule of a caliph or chief Muslim religious and civil ruler31
11797789417Feudalism (European)Majority were serfs on the bottom, then vassals, then nobles, then the king, and then eventually the Pope32
11797812028Feudalism (Japanese)Majority were peasants, then the Daimyo or Samurai, then the Shogun, then the Emperor33
11797824872Mongol KhanatesYuan Dynasty (Genghis and Kublai Khan) and the Golden Horde (Mamai)34
11797834541LegitimacyThe belief that a rule, institution, or leader has the right to govern35
11797846990Grand Canal of ChinaLongest and oldest canal in the world, built in the Sui Dynasty so transport was easier36
11797859005Tributary SystemFrom the Han and Mongol times; admitting defeat and paying taxes but keeping independence37
11797869568Byzantine EmpireEastern Roman Empire; fell to the Ottoman Empire, Constantinople38
11797878131Sui DynastyUnified China after warring states, built the Grand Canal39
11797884311Tang Dynasty(618-907) Considered the Golden Age of China, poetry and painting flourished40
11797898193Song Dynasty(960-1280) Followed Tang, many notable inventions, neo confucianism41
11797916173Abbasid3rd Islamic Caliphates, founded by Abbas Ibn Abdul-Muttalib, Golden Age of Islamic culture42
11797932917Ibn Battuta(1325-1354) Moroccan Muslim scholar and traveler, covered most of North and West Africa, Southern and Eastern Europe, and most of Asia43
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AP World History Ways of the World Chapter 2 Flashcards

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7380305008AustronesianAn Asian-language family whose speakers gradually became the dominant culture of the Philippines, Indonesia, and the Pacific Islands, thanks to their mastery of agriculture.0
7380305009BanpoA Chinese archeological site, where the remains of a significant Neolithic village have been found.1
7380305010BantuAn African-language family whose speakers gradually became the dominant culture of eastern and southern Africa, thanks to their agricultural techniques and, later, their ironworking skills.2
7380305011Bantu MigrationThe spread of Bantu-speaking peoples from their homeland in what is now southern Nigeria or Cameroon to most of Africa, in a process that started around 3,000 B.C.E and continued for several millennia.3
7380305013CahokiaAn important agricultural chiefdom of North America that flourished around 1,100 C.E.4
7380305016DiffusionThe gradual spread of agricultural techniques without extensive population movement.5
7380305017DomesticationThe taming and changing of nature for the benefit of humankind.6
7380305018End of the last Ice AgeA process of global warming that began around 16,000 years ago and ended about 5,000 years later, with the earth enjoying a climate similar to that of our own time; the end of the last Ice Age changed conditions for human beings, leading to increased population and helping to pave the way for agriculture.7
7380305019Fertile CrescentRegion sometimes known as Southwest Asia that includes the modern states of Iraq, Syria, Israel/Palestine, and southern Turkey; the earliest home of agriculture.8
7380305020HorticultureHoe-based agriculture; typical of early agrarian societies.9
7380305021IntensificationThe process of getting more in return for less; for example, growing more food on a smaller plot of land.10
7380305022JerichoSite of an important early agricultural settlement of perhaps 2,000 people in present-day Israel.11
7380305023MesopotamiaThe valley of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in present-day Iraq.12
7380305024Native AustraliansOften called "Aboriginals," the natives of Australia continued to live by gathering and hunting, despite the transition to agriculture in nearby lands.13
7380305025Pastoral SocietyA human society that relies on domesticated animals rather than plants as the main source of food; pastoral nomads lead their animals to seasonal grazing grounds rather than settling permanently in a single location.14
7380305027Stateless SocietiesVillage-based agricultural societies, usually organized by kinship groups, that functioned without a formal government apparatus.15
7380305028TeosinteThe wild ancestor of maize(corn).16
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AP World History Chapter 17 Flashcards

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8059379696How was the global trade network of the 15th century different from that of previous eras?C) In previous eras, most attention was given to the development of larger regional economies and cultural zones, rather than a truly global network.0
8059379697Which of the following was one of the first new areas brought into the global commercial network after 1450?B) The Americas1
8059379698What region of the world became the dominant culture in the period after 1450?B) The West2
8059379699Which of the following was NOT a technological improvement introduced during the 15th century in the West?C) Lateen sails3
8059379700The initiative for Western exploration and conquest came from the kingdom ofA) Portugal.4
8059379701What noble was responsible for initiating a series of expeditions along the African coast and outward to the Azores in the 15th century?A) Prince Henry the Navigator5
8059379702The first Portuguese fleet rounded the Cape of Good Hope inC) 1488.6
8059379703The captain of the first Portuguese fleet to reach India wasB) Vasco da Gama.7
8059379704What region in the Americas was claimed by Portugal?D) Brazil8
8059379705What land was claimed for Spain as the result of Ferdinand Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe beginning in 1519?A) Philippines9
8059379706What Italian captain sailing for the monarchs of Spain reached the Americas in 1492?D) Christopher Columbus10
8059379707Why did the initiative in early conquest and exploration pass to northern European nations in the later 16th century?B) The Dutch and the British improved the design of oceanic vessels, producing faster ships than their Catholic rivals.11
8059379708What was the purpose of the early English voyages to North America?C) To discover a northwest passage to India12
8059379709In what region of the world did the Dutch challenge the Portuguese for commercial dominance?B) Indonesia13
8059379710In what way were the early Dutch and British exploration and trade projects different from those of the Iberian nations?B) Dutch and British exploration owed much to private initiative of merchant groups and the formation of chartered trading companies.14
8059379711What British commercial institution ruled India for much of the 18th century?B) The British East India Company15
8059379712As part of the "Colombian Exchange," which of the following was a European contribution to the Americas?C) Horses16
8059379713What is the most accepted figure for the percentage of the population of American Indians who died following the European colonization?D) Over 50 percent17
8059379714Which of the following was NOT a crop imported into Europe as a result of the "Colombian Exchange"?C) Millet18
8059379715What was the impact of the introduction of American crops into Europe?A) The introduction of corn and the potato led to major population growth in Europe.19
8059379716Which of the following areas of trade was NOT dominated by the West after the establishment of a global trading network in the 17th century?C) The Indian Ocean20
8059379717A Spanish-led fleet defeated the Ottoman Empire in 1571 at the battle ofB) Lepanto.21
8059379718Despite Japan's official policy of isolation, the Dutch were able to gain special access to the port ofD) Nagasaki.22
8059379719Which of the following statements best accounts for the Spanish failure to hold a position of dominance in world trade?D) Spain's internal economy and banking system were not sufficient to accommodate the bullion from the new world and lacked significant manufacturing capability.23
8059379720What economic policy encouraged the development of colonies, particularly by northern Europe countries?A) Mercantilism24
8059379721The dominant commercial nations of northern Europe comprised the __________ zone of the world economy.B) core25
8059379722Which of the following regions were dependents to the core zone of the global trade network?D) Sub-Saharan Africa26
8059379723Dependence in the world economy and the consequent need to produce unprocessed goods cheaply led to the development of __________ labor systems.C) coercive27
8059379724Which of the following statements most accurately describes the impact of the development of core-dependent economic zones on state formation?A) Forced labor and European influence tended to generate weak governments in dependent regions, while increased trade revenues tended to generate increasing government strength in core states.28
8059379725Which of the following statements concerning the relationship between Asian civilizations and the world commercial network of the 16th and 17th centuries is NOT accurate?D) China was able, thanks to the existence of its coastal navy, to prevent the establishment of European ports.29
8059379726Which of the following Western trade goods was of most interest to the Japanese?A) Gunnery30
8059379727Which of the following civilizations was fully part of the global trading network in the 16th century?C) China31
8059379728What was the nature of the trade between eastern and western Europe in the 17th century?A) Western Europe imported grain in increasing amounts from eastern Europe in return for art objects and manufactured goods.32
8059379729In what year did Spanish settlement of the American mainland begin?B) 150933
8059379730Where was the first Spanish colony on the American mainland?B) Panama34
8059379731Which of the following regions was NOT part of the Spanish colonial empire?D) Brazil35
8059379732The British were able to oust the French from India following theD) Seven Years War.36
8059379733The most important Dutch colony in Africa was located onC) the Cape of Good Hope.37
8059379734The British East India Company through negotiation with local Mughal princes gained a station atB) Calcutta.38
8059379735In Asia, significant conversion to ChristianityA) occurred only in the northern Philippines.39
8059379736In which of the following regions was European settlement a significant factor in the establishment of colonies?C) Dutch South Africa40
8059379737Which of the following represents an impact on western Europe from the development of colonies?C) The use of colonially produced sugar spread widely in Europe, particularly in countries with relatively cold climates.41
8059379738In which of the following colonies did a deeper appreciation of Western institutions and values take place?B) French and British colonies of North America42
8059379739As a result of what treaty did the French lose their colony in North America to the British?B) Treaty of Paris, 176343
8059379740Why did the southern colonies of the Atlantic seaboard win importance before those farther north?D) Cultivation of cash crops produced by coercive labor emerged there.44
8059379741Which of the following statements concerning the interaction of North American colonists with the Indians is most accurate?A) Colonists interacted with Indians, learned from them, and misused them, but did not forge a new cultural grouping as occurred in much of Latin America.45
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