AP World History Unit 1 Flashcards
From Hunting and Gathering to Civilizations, 2.5 million-1000 B.C.E.: Origins
Terms : Hide Images
| 11043352265 | Hunting and Gathering | Means of obtaining subsistence by humans before the mastery of sedentary agriculture; normally typical of tribal social organization |  | 0 |
| 11043352266 | Neolithic | The New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished |  | 1 |
| 11043352267 | Nomads | Cattle- and sheep-herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies |  | 2 |
| 11043352268 | Culture | Combination of ideas, objects, and patterns of behavior that result from human social interaction |  | 3 |
| 11043352269 | Neolithic/Agricultural/Agrarian revolution | Occurred between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture |  | 4 |
| 11043352270 | Pastoralism | A nomadic agricultural lifestyle based on herding domesticated animals; tended to produce independent people capable of challenging sedentary agricultural societies |  | 5 |
| 11043352271 | Mesopotamia | Literally "between the rivers"; the civilization that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys |  | 6 |
| 11043352272 | Sumerians | People who migrated into Mesopotamia circa 4000 B.C.E.; created the first civilization within the region; organized area into city-states |  | 7 |
| 11043352273 | Cuneiform | A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets |  | 8 |
| 11043352274 | City-state | A form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilization; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king |  | 9 |
| 11043352275 | Ziggurats | Massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple connections |  | 10 |
| 11043352276 | Babylonian Empire | Unified all of Mesopotamia circa 1800 B.C.E.; collapsed due to foreign invasion circa 1600 B.C.E. |  | 11 |
| 11043352277 | Hammurabi | The most important Babylonian ruler; responsible for codification of the law |  | 12 |
| 11043352278 | Pharaoh | The term used to denote the kings of ancient Egypt; considered a god as well as a political and military leader. The term, "great house" refers to the palace of the pharaohs |  | 13 |
| 11043352279 | Pyramids | Monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs |  | 14 |
| 11043352280 | Hieroglyphs | Form of writing developed in ancient Egypt; more pictorial than Mesopotamian cuneiform |  | 15 |
| 11043352281 | Monotheism | The exclusive worship of one god; introduced by Jews into Middle Eastern civilization |  | 16 |
| 11043352282 | Phoenicians | Seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean; extensive trade, communication networks, early alphabetical script |  | 17 |
| 11043352283 | Harappa and Mohenjo Daro | Major urban complexes of Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern |  | 18 |
| 11043352284 | Aryans | Indo-European nomadic, warlike, pastorialists who replaced Harappan civilization |  | 19 |
| 11043352285 | Huanghe (Yellow) River Basin | Site of the development of sedentary agriculture in China |  | 20 |
| 11043352286 | Shang | 1st Chinese dynasty |  | 21 |
| 11043352287 | Paleolithic | The period that ended about 3,000 years after the end of the last Ice Age, it lasted until about 10,000 years ago. (Old Stone Age) The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates the Neolithic period. |  | 22 |
| 11043352288 | Path of migration for humans during Paleolithic era | From Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas | 23 | |
| 11043352289 | egalitarian | Believing in the equality of all peoples | 24 | |
| 11043352290 | Mediterranean Sea | Sea connecting Mesopotamia, Anatolia, and N. Africa | 25 | |
| 11043352291 | Polytheism | Belief in more than one god | 26 | |
| 11043352292 | Nile River | Principal water source of water flowing through North Africa (site of sophisticated cultural development); flooded regularly and enriched the soil in the process | 27 | |
| 11043352293 | stone age | the earliest known period of human culture, marked by the creation and use of stone tools and other nonmetallic substances | 28 | |
| 11043352294 | foragers | Food collectors who gather, fish, or hunt | 29 | |
| 11043352295 | Babylon | an ancient city of Mesopotamia known for its wealth, luxury, and vice. | 30 | |
| 11043352296 | Hammurabi | Babylonian king who codified the laws of Sumer and Mesopotamia (died 1750 BCE) | 31 | |
| 11043352297 | cuneiform | A form of writing developed by the Sumerians (Mesopotamia) using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets. | 32 | |
| 11043352298 | bronze | A metal that is a mixture of copper and tin | 33 | |
| 11043352299 | Homo sapiens | human species derived from apes with more brain capacity for intelligence | 34 | |
| 11043352300 | venus figurines | paleolithic female figurines that emphasize physical attributes associated with fecundity | 35 | |
| 11043352301 | cave paintings | paleolithic cave paintings that emphasize hunting--Lascaux France is most famous | 36 | |
| 11043352302 | pastoralism | the process of domestication, raising, and herding of animals | 37 | |
| 11043352303 | specialization of labor | people in civilizations could be assigned different jobs and statuses in society due to having a surplus of food | 38 | |
| 11043352304 | patriarchy | the idea that males have a right to rule and reign over states and families | 39 | |
| 11043352305 | civilization | large scale communities that had certain characteristics in common such as: recordkeeping, complex institutions (government, economy, organized religion), cities, specialization of labor, long-distance trade, technology | 40 | |
| 11043352306 | Euphrates and Tigris | two principle Mesopotamian rivers | 41 | |
| 11043352307 | Sumer | earliest Mesopotamian city state | 42 | |
| 11043352308 | Babylon | second oldest Mesopotamian city state, succeeds Sumer, most important king was Hammurabi | 43 | |
| 11043352309 | Hammurabi's Code | first law code in the world, of Babylonia, dealt with legal contracts and responsibility for wrong doing | 44 | |
| 11043352310 | bronze metallurgy | alloy of copper, tin, and zinc, this metal began to be produced from about 2800 BCE improved military equipment, agricultural knives, and plows | 45 | |
| 11043352311 | iron metallurgy | a changeable metal, less hard than bronze, but more flexible, developed around 1500 BCE by the Hittites | 46 | |
| 11043352312 | wheel | round object used to move heavy weights and to create vehicles first in Sumer | 47 | |
| 11043352313 | cuneiform | a very early form of writing, from Sumer in Mesopotamia, done by pressing a cone-shaped stylus into soft clay | 48 | |
| 11043352314 | Epic of Gilgamesh | epic Mesopotamian poem that highlights the stresses of civilization | 49 | |
| 11043352315 | Egypt | a founding civilization along the Nile in Northeastern Africa | 50 | |
| 11043352316 | Hieroglyphics | Egyptian writing (pictographs & symbols representing sounds+ideas) | 51 | |
| 11043352317 | Harrappa & Mohenjo Daro | Two early, very large, and complex Indus Valley city states. Little is known about these but their size and complexities imply central planning. | 52 | |
| 11043352318 | Indus River | River in Northern India on which the first Indian civilizations were built; flooded twice a year in a predictable manner | 53 | |
| 11043352319 | Vedas | A belief system based on the caste system brought into India by peoples probably from the Caucasus between about 5000 and 4000 BCE | 54 | |
| 11043352320 | Varna | Caste system of India: Brahmin, Khsatriya, Vaishya, Shudra--people could not move out of the caste they were born into | 55 | |
| 11043352321 | China | earliest civilization in Asia | 56 | |
| 11043352322 | Huang He and Yangzi He | two rivers in China that supported early civilization | 57 | |
| 11043352323 | Shang Dynasty | The dominant people in the earliest Chinese dynasty for which we have written records (ca. 1750-1027 B.C.E.). Ancestor worship, divination by means of oracle bones, and the use of bronze vessels for ritual purposes were major elements of this culture. | 58 | |
| 11043352324 | Hinduism | Term for a wide variety of beliefs and ritual practices that have developed in the Indian subcontinent since antiquity. It has roots in ancient Vedic, Buddhist, and south Indian religious concepts and practices. | 59 | |
| 11043352325 | Zoroastrianism | Founded by Zoroaster; taught that humans had the freedom to choose between right and wrong, and that goodness would triumph in the end. Marked by dualism between God = Good and the Evil. Influenced Christianity. Was one of the first monotheistic religions. | 60 | |
| 11043352326 | Judaism | Monotheistic (belief in one god), founded by Abraham, code of law found in the Torah (first 5 books of the Bible), led to the development of two other Abrahamic religions: Christianity and Islam. | 61 | |
| 11043352327 | Confucianism | The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct. | 62 | |
| 11043352328 | Mandate of Heaven | A political theory of ancient China in which the emperor is given the power to rule by a divine sources. This tie could be severed by ineffectual rule | 63 | |
| 11043352329 | Oracle bones | bones on which the ruling class in China wrote questions and had them divined by the priestly class | 64 | |
| 11043352330 | Mesoamerica | cultural area in the Americas extending from central America to present-day Peru | 65 | |
| 11043352331 | Olmec | the first major civilization in Mexico | 66 | |
| 11043352332 | Maya | Mesoamerican civilization in and near the Yucatan Peninsula--had the first and only pre-Columbian writing system in the Americans | 67 | |
| 11043352333 | Chavin | Mesoamerican civilization in present-day Peru that had highly developed art and architectural practices | 68 | |
| 11043352334 | Carthage | City located in present-day Tunisia, founded by Phoenicians ca. 800 B.C.E. It became a major commercial center and naval power in the western Mediterranean until defeated by Rome in the third century B.C.E. (p. 107) | 69 | |
| 11043352335 | irrigation systems | replacement or supplementation of rainfall with water from another source in order to grow crops | 70 | |
| 11043352336 | Indus River Valley Civilization | an ancient civilization thriving along the Indus River in what is now Pakistan and western India. This civilization is also sometimes referred to as the Harappan or Harappa-Mohenjodaro Civilization of the Indus Valley, in reference to the excavated cities of Harappa and Mohenjodaro | 71 | |
| 11043352337 | Persian Wars | a series of conflicts between the Greek world and the Persian Empire that started about 500 BC and lasted until 448 BC. | 72 |
Flashcards
AP World History Key Concept 2.3 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7469751354 | Largest Trade Routes | Silk roads, Indian Ocean sea lanes, Trans Saharan caravan routes, Mediterranean sea lanes | 0 | |
| 7469412846 | Silk Road Location | through asia to middle east | 1 | |
| 7469474885 | Trans-Saharan Location | across the Saharan Desert | 2 | |
| 7469416133 | Indian Ocean Sea Lanes Location | SE asia, india, and east africa | 3 | |
| 7469738425 | Mediterranean Sea Lanes Location | throughout Mediterranean sea | 4 | |
| 7469487989 | Silk Road Empires | Han, India, Greece, Persia, Roman | 5 | |
| 7469509621 | Indian Ocean Sea Lanes Empires | Mauryan, Han, Achaemenid, Roman | 6 | |
| 7469566102 | Trans Saharan Empires | Ghana, Mari, Songhai | 7 | |
| 7469572631 | Mediterranean Sea Lanes Empire | Roman, Greece, Phoenicians | 8 | |
| 7469596772 | Silk Roads Trade Items | Silk, tea, cotton, salt, ivory | 9 | |
| 7469605182 | Indian Ocean Sea Lanes Trade Items | Silk, jewels, coins | 10 | |
| 7469610319 | Trans Saharan Trade Items | Salt, gold, slaves | 11 | |
| 7469616185 | Mediterranean Sea Lanes Trade Items | Salt, olive oil, fish, fruit, slaves | 12 | |
| 7469629236 | Classical Era trade vs Foundations Era trade | Classical era trades were expanded over a larger area, meaning more cultures and empires were able to exchange practices and goods. Tangible items were exchanged such as crops, luxury goods, and slaves. Intangible items were also sold, such as religion, philosophy, and cultural practices. | 13 | |
| 7469664717 | What linked people in eastern hemisphere? | Land and water trade routes | 14 | |
| 7469671358 | Trade also brought exchange of: | People, technology, religious and social beliefs, crops, cotton, domesticated animals, and diseases | 15 | |
| 7469684018 | America and Oceanic trade | Occurred along localized network | 16 | |
| 7469693510 | Land route in eastern hemisphere | Basis for trans regional trade, communication, and exchange networks. Many factors (climate/location) of routes, typical trade items, and ethnicity of people shaped features of the trade routes. | 17 | |
| 7469769841 | Long Distance land trade | Land trade was facilitated by yolks, saddles, and stirrups. Most common animals used were horses, oxen, llamas, and camels. | 18 | |
| 7469780832 | Maritime trade | Maritime trade was facilitated by knowledge of monsoons and tides, lanteen ships, and dhow ships | 19 | |
| 7469801240 | How Christianity changed throughout the empires | Gradually spread throughout Roman Empire through missionaries, who were instrumental in the diffusion of the Christian faith into many other parts of the world. Rome's infrastructure such as roads allowed evangelists such as the apostle Paul to spread the faith more easily. Changed from the minority religion of Rome's empire of 5% to the official religion of the empire by the end of the century. Persecution from emperors, etc. -> rich and wealthy religion and grew | 20 | |
| 7469811495 | How Buddhism changed throughout the empires | Brahmin priests were at the top of the society in South Asia. The focus shifted from ethics to salvation for each individual. Originally saw limited acceptance as a belief in the first centuries of the faith but grew after the founder's death. Rejection of earthly things in order to find enlightenment. This message was not as easily accepted by people such as merchants who made a profit off of people wanting earthly possessions. | 21 | |
| 7469824165 | How Hinduism changed throughout the empires | As Hinduism spread, more personal devotional gods came into relevance, and Hinduism began to seem more like a cult following rather than a religion like Christianity, which is centralized around the church. Changed with emotion and posed virtues of love, humility, and brotherhood. | 22 |
Flashcards
Rivers AP World History Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7270168798 | Nile River |  | 0 | |
| 7270201098 | Niger River |  | 1 | |
| 7270207230 | Amazon River |  | 2 | |
| 7270219433 | Tiber River |  | 3 | |
| 7270231216 | Ganges River |  | 4 | |
| 7270237536 | Yellow (Huang He) River |  | 5 | |
| 7270243659 | Yangtze River |  | 6 | |
| 7270263349 | Indus River |  | 7 | |
| 7270271440 | Tigris River |  | 8 | |
| 7270281335 | Euphrates River |  | 9 |
AP World History Unit 2 Flashcards
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| 11187730268 | The Greeks vs Persia | As the Greeks expanded, they came into contact with Persia. The already conquered Ionian Greek cities revolted and made Darius angry! He attacks Greece and a war begins | 0 | |
| 11187730269 | Delian League | An alliance headed by Athens that says that all Greek city-states will come together and help fight the Persians | 1 | |
| 11187730270 | Pereclies | A government official who expanded democracy. He allowed all male citizens over 18 to participate in politics and meetings held on a hillside east of the Acropolis | 2 | |
| 11187730271 | Magistrates | A large body of males who ran public affairs. They were only in power for a year so this allowed many males to participate in politics | 3 | |
| 11187730272 | Strategoi | A board of ten officials known as generals who managed state affairs. These men could be reelected, allowing individuals to play key roles in politics and Greece | 4 | |
| 11187730273 | Athenian Democracy | A type of government used in Athens that gave the people the power. Male citizens could vote and hold office while lower classes could also hold some office positions. Women and slaved had little to no rule in the government | 5 | |
| 11187730274 | The Great Peloponnesian War | The war between Athens and Sparta. The goal of Athens was to stay hidden behind their protective walls while Sparta's goal was to attack and defeat Athens in open battle. However, Athens was attacked by plague and surrendered after a huge loss at Aegospotami | 6 | |
| 11187730275 | Sophists | A group of philosophers who thought that the ways of the universe were beyond the human mind | 7 | |
| 11187730276 | Rhetoric | The art of persuasive oratory | 8 | |
| 11187730277 | Socratic Method | A question-and-answer approach to teaching, first used by Socrates, that allows pupils to discover things for themselves | 9 | |
| 11187730278 | Greek Religion | The Greeks were polytheistic with a pantheon of 12 chief gods who lived on Mount Olympus | 10 | |
| 11187730279 | Zeus | King of the gods | 11 | |
| 11187730280 | Athena | Goddess of wisdom | 12 | |
| 11187730281 | Apollo | God of the sun | 13 | |
| 11187730282 | Aphrodite | Goddess of love and beauty | 14 | |
| 11187730283 | Poseidon | God of the sea | 15 | |
| 11187730284 | Olympic games | Ancient games that occurred every four years to honor Zeus. They were competitions between individuals rather than teams | 16 | |
| 11187730285 | Oracle | A sacred shrine dedicated to a god or goddess. Priestesses entered here to receive information from the gods | 17 | |
| 11187730286 | Greek Citizens | Only males were citizens. Women, slaves, and foreigners were not | 18 | |
| 11187730287 | Economy | Greece was based mainly on agriculture and trade. They grew grapes and olives but imported the majority of their grain | 19 | |
| 11187730288 | Nuclear family | Mother, father and children living as a unit. Their mail social function was to produce new citizens | 20 | |
| 11187730289 | Greece and Macedonia | Macedonia was a group of barbaric tribes who were united into a kingdom by Philip II. When Athens challenged Macedonia, Athens was crushed at the battle of Chaeronea. Philip now had control of the Greek peninsula | 21 | |
| 11187730290 | Philip II | King of Macedonia who united the tribes and defeated Greece. He had a dream of using the Greek city states to help him fight a war against Persia but he was assassinated before he could carry out his plan | 22 | |
| 11187730291 | Alexander the Great | The son of Philip who became king a age twenty and studied under Aristotle. He was determined to continue in his fathers footsteps and take Persia. He died at age 32 because of wounds, fever, and alcohol | 23 | |
| 11187730292 | Alexander's conquests | He conquered Persia, Egypt, and the border of the Indus valley | 24 | |
| 11187730293 | Reasons Alexander was great | He had incredible military ability, conquered lots of land, created a new empire, and started the Hellenistic era | 25 | |
| 11187730294 | Reasons Alexander wasn't great | He killed his friends and native people, was selfish, and weakened the kingdom | 26 | |
| 11187730295 | Parmenio | Older General of Alexander, father of Philotas, a cavalry commander. He was killed after he was seen as a threat | 27 | |
| 11187730296 | Philotas | The eldest son of Parmenio, one of Alexander the Great's most experienced and talented generals. He rose to command the Companion Cavalry, but was accused of conspiring against Alexander and executed | 28 | |
| 11187730297 | Siddhartha Gautama | Founder of Buddhism. He was born into a ruling Hindu family. After being exposed to suffering, he set out on a mission to find the cause for suffering and end it | 29 | |
| 11187730298 | Nirvana | A transcendent state in which there is neither suffering, desire, nor sense of self, and the subject is released from the effects of karma and the cycle of death and rebirth. It represents the final goal of Buddhism | 30 | |
| 11187730299 | Bodhi | The knowledge that overcoming worldly cares leads to overcoming sorrow and pain | 31 | |
| 11187730300 | The 4 truths of Buddhism | 1. Life is suffering 2. Suffering is caused by desire 3. To end suffering is to end desire 4. Avoid any extreme ways to do this These truths are written in The Noble 8-Fold Path | 32 | |
| 11187730301 | Middle Path | The path that all Buddhists want to follow. It involves not too much pleasure, and not too much suffering. | 33 | |
| 11187730302 | Stupas | Stone towers that house the Buddha's relics | 34 | |
| 11187730303 | Janism | A religion focused on extreme simplicity | 35 | |
| 11187730304 | Ashoka | An Indian ruler who practiced Buddhism. This religion helped him change his ways from war to peace | 36 | |
| 11187730305 | Capitals | Luoyang and Xian | 37 | |
| 11187730306 | Mandate of Heaven | The idea that heaven controlled order through the Zhou king. If this order was not kept, the king could be over thrown | 38 | |
| 11187730307 | Philosophy | The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline | 39 | |
| 11187730308 | Shang Di | The sole god of the Shang dynasty | 40 | |
| 11187730309 | Yin and Yang | Two forces in the universe, according to Chinese Theory: Yin is the passive, negative force, and Yang the active, positive force. It symbolizes balance and how bad times will be followed by good times | 41 | |
| 11187730310 | Yi Jing | Book of Changes | 42 | |
| 11187730311 | Confucianism | Based off the ideas of Confucius, this is the idea that a government ruled by any superior male would save China | 43 | |
| 11187730312 | Dao | The way. This is very similar Dharma | 44 | |
| 11187730313 | Mencius | He believed that people are good but taught by example | 45 | |
| 11187730314 | Legalism | The belief that all people are bad and will only change through strict laws and punishments | 46 | |
| 11187730315 | Daoism | The belief that the secret to life it to go with the flow | 47 | |
| 11187730316 | The Period of the Warring States | China was divided into powerful states that fought each other all the time. Iron weapons, siege warfare, and cavalry were introduced during this time | 48 | |
| 11187730317 | Quin State | The state that played a major role in the conflicts of the Warring States. It eventually was able to conquer the other states and create the first Chinese empire | 49 | |
| 11187730318 | Qin Shi Huangdi | The first emperor of the Qin Dynasty who ruled with an iron fist due to his belief in Legalism | 50 | |
| 11187730319 | Government of the Qin | There was a central bureaucracy with three ministries: a civil authority, a military authority, and a censorate | 51 | |
| 11187730320 | Qin capital | Xianyang | 52 | |
| 11187730321 | Xiongnu | A confederation of nomadic peoples living beyond the northwest frontier of ancient China. Chinese rulers tried a variety of defenses and stratagems to ward off these 'barbarians,' as they called them, and eventually dispersed them | 53 | |
| 11187730322 | Eunuchs | Castrated male servants | 54 | |
| 11187730323 | Oriental Despotism | A form of government in which a single entity rules with absolute power, like Qin Shi Huangdi. (I'm not really sure??) | 55 | |
| 11187730324 | Hydraulic Societies | A social or government structure which maintains power and control through exclusive control over access to water | 56 | |
| 11187730325 | Amerindians | The first people to live in the Americas | 57 | |
| 11187730326 | Olmec | A civilization near modern day Veracruz. They were engaged in intensive agriculture, used stone in many of their buildings and art, traded, and had one of the first writing systems in Mesoamerica | 58 | |
| 11187730327 | Rubber | The Olmecs learned to mix the latex with other ingredients to create this. It was one other civilizations main exports and they used it to make the ball for their ceremonial games | 59 | |
| 11187730328 | Zapotecs | A civilization in Central Mexico that practiced theocracy, built temples, and had a written language. This civilization was abandoned | 60 | |
| 11187730329 | Teotihuacan | Americas first metropolis. This is the location of the pyramid of the sun. They traded, mined obsidian, and relied on agriculture | 61 | |
| 11187730330 | Chinampas | Swampy islands crisscrossed by canals that provided water for the crops | 62 | |
| 11187730331 | Maya civilization | A civilization in Guatemala and the Yucatan Peninsula. It was made up of city states that relied on swamp agriculture | 63 | |
| 11187730332 | Chocolate and the Maya | The Maya used this to make rich beverages, as currency, to make beer, and to make mole, which is still used today | 64 | |
| 11187730333 | Mayan religion | The Maya were polytheistic and believed that Itzamna was the supreme god. They built pyramids, temples, shrines, and sacred ball courts | 65 | |
| 11187730334 | Zero | The number invented by the Maya | 66 | |
| 11187730335 | What happened to the Maya? | No one knows! It could be from over farming, warfare, or a natural disaster | 67 | |
| 11187730336 | Romulus and Remus | Founders of Rome | 68 | |
| 11187730337 | Etruscans | Northerners from Etruria who were great builders | 69 | |
| 11187730338 | The Roman Conquest of Italy | Rome had many enemies and was at war for 100 years. However, this allowed them to gain lots of land and expand their republic | 70 | |
| 11187730339 | Consuls | Two officials from the patrician class were appointed each year of the Roman Republic to supervise the government and command the armies | 71 | |
| 11187730340 | Praetors | Government officials who interpret the law and serve as judges | 72 | |
| 11187730341 | Senate | A group of 300 men elected to govern Rome in the Roman Republic | 73 | |
| 11187730342 | Centuriate Assembly | A roman assembly arranged by classes based on wealth to give the rich the most power. They elected chief magistrates and passed laws | 74 | |
| 11187730343 | Council of Plebs | A popular assembly for Plebeians | 75 | |
| 11187730344 | Plebeians | The common people of ancient Rome | 76 | |
| 11187730345 | Patricians | The wealthy, hereditary aristocrats during the Roman era | 77 | |
| 11187730346 | Tribunes of the Plebs | Pleb officials who protected their society from the rich | 78 | |
| 11187730347 | The Punic Wars | Rome vs. Carthage #1. Rome gains Sicily #2. Hannibal is angry and attacks Rome. He retreats when Rome attacks Carthage. Rome gains Spain #3. Rome wants revenge and attacks Carthage! | 79 | |
| 11187730348 | Pyrrhic victory | A loss that later results in a major victory (like the Alamo) | 80 | |
| 11187730349 | Latifundia | Huge estates bought up by newly wealthy Roman citizens | 81 | |
| 11187730350 | Tiberius and Gaius | The men who passed land reform laws to help the poor farmers and gain new men for the army | 82 | |
| 11187730351 | Marius | The man who offered land to any landless male willing to join the army | 83 | |
| 11187730352 | Dictator | The sole ruler | 84 | |
| 11187730353 | The triumvirate of the Roman Republic | Crassus, Pompey, and Caeser | 85 | |
| 11187730354 | Octavian | Part of the second triumvirate whom the power eventually shifted to. Assumed the name Augustus Caesar, and became emperor. Was the end of the Roman Republic and the start of the Pax Romana | 86 |
AP world history Flashcards
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| 10430243260 | B.C.E. | before the common era | 0 | |
| 10430247690 | C.E. | common era | 1 | |
| 10430248657 | abdicate | to give up a position, right, or power | 2 | |
| 10430253412 | accession | the attainment or acquisition of a position of rank or power, typically that of monarch or president | 3 | |
| 10430275508 | aesthetic | Aesthetics is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and appreciation of art, beauty and good taste | 4 | |
| 10430287527 | agrarian | any society whose economy is based on producing and maintaining crops and farmland | 5 | |
| 10430300842 | amenities | a desirable or useful feature or facility of a building or place | 6 | |
| 10430304126 | anarchy | (n) a lack of government and law; confusion | 7 | |
| 10430305384 | animism | Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life. | 8 | |
| 10430306461 | antiquity | the quality of being ancient; ancient times | 9 | |
| 10430307425 | Appeasement | Satisfying the demands of dissatisfied powers in an effort to maintain peace and stability. | 10 | |
| 10430313201 | aristocracy | A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility | 11 | |
| 10430318055 | asceticism | severe self-discipline and avoidance of all forms of indulgence, typically for religious reasons. | 12 | |
| 10430319356 | assimilate | (v.) to absorb fully or make one's own; to adopt as one's own; to adapt fully | 13 | |
| 10430319962 | Authoritarian | A government in which one leader or group of people holds absolute power. | 14 | |
| 10430320675 | barbarism | uncivilized, brutal behavior; cruelty; a nonstandard word or expression | 15 | |
| 10430323010 | bureaucracy/bureaucrats | a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives. | 16 | |
| 10430323898 | city-state | a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state. | 17 | |
| 10430325229 | civic | Having to do with the business of a town or community | 18 | |
| 10430325788 | classical | An age marked by great achievements 1750-1820 | 19 | |
| 10430328151 | commerce | the buying and selling of goods; trade | 20 | |
| 10430331175 | communal | held in common; public; of a group of people; of a commune | 21 | |
| 10430332357 | concubine | a woman who lives with a man but has lower status than his wife or wives | 22 | |
| 10430334727 | Conscription | compulsory enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces. | 23 | |
| 10430335641 | cosmopolitan | familiar with and at ease in many different countries and cultures; sophisticated | 24 | |
| 10430337080 | coup | the violent overthrow of a government by a small group; a victorious accomplishment | 25 | |
| 10430343543 | demography/demographic | the study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations. | 26 | |
| 10430344866 | despot | a ruler with absolute power or tyrannical control over a group of people | 27 | |
| 10430345619 | Diaspora | any group migration or flight from a country or region; dispersion. Particularly used in relation to Jews scattered by Romans in 70 CE or to Africans spread to new places during the Atlantic Slave Trade. | 28 | |
| 10430346129 | dissent | (v.) to disagree; (n.) disagreement | 29 | |
| 10430347017 | dissident | someone who disagrees/ rebel | 30 | |
| 10430350419 | dynasty/dynastic | a sequence of rulers from the same family, stock, or group | 31 | |
| 10430353492 | edict | an official order or proclamation issued by a person in authority | 32 |
Ap World History; Islam Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 11471375973 | Muhammad | the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632) | 0 | |
| 11471385295 | The hijira | the journey that Muhammad, faced with the threat of murder, took from Mecca to Medina | 1 | |
| 11471386618 | The umma | The community of all Muslims. A major innovation against the background of seventh-century Arabia, where traditionally kinship rather than faith had determined membership in a community. | 2 | |
| 11471397426 | Return to Mecca | 630 CE; attack on mecca | 3 | |
| 11471402073 | Shahada | Declaration of faith | 4 | |
| 11471402074 | Salat | 5 daily prayers | 5 | |
| 11471403135 | Zakat | Tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims | 6 | |
| 11471405679 | Sawm | Fasting during Ramadan | 7 | |
| 11471408557 | Hajj | A pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims | 8 | |
| 11471408558 | Jihad | A holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal | 9 | |
| 11471410316 | Sharia Law | the code of law derived from the Quaran and from the teachings and example of Mohammad | 10 | |
| 11471413269 | Caliph | successor to Muhammad as political and religious leader of the Muslims | 11 | |
| 11471414272 | Sunni | Arabs who elected people for succession after the death of Muhammad | 12 | |
| 11471419719 | Shi'ite | A group of Islamic religion that believes that its religious leader should be a descendant of Muhammad | 13 | |
| 11471426212 | Expansion of the early caliphates | 632-750 CE | 14 |
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