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AP World History - vocab Flashcards

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11625455567Sui DynastyThe short dynasty between the Han and the Tang; built the Grand Canal, strengthened the government, and introduced Buddhism to China0
11625457657Tang DynastyDynasty often referred to as China's Golden age that reigned during 618 - 907 AD; China expands from Vietnam to Manchuria1
11625464039Song Dynasty(960-1279 CE) The Chinese dynasty that placed much more emphasis on civil administration, industry, education, and arts other than military.2
11625487432HangzhouCapital of Song Dynasty3
11625502273Economic RevolutionA major economic quickening that took place in China under the Song dynasty (960-1279); marked by rapid population growth, urbanization, economic specialization, the development of an immense network of internal waterways, and a great increase in industrial production and innovation.4
11625508517Foot BindingPractice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household.5
11625523399tribute systemA system in which defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. This forced transfer of food, cloth, and other goods subsidized the development of large cities. An important component of the Aztec and Inca economies.6
11625534566Xiongnunomadic raiders from the grasslands north of China during the reign of Han dynasty; emperor Wudi fought against them in the mid-100s BC7
11625537276Khitan/Jurchen peopleA nomadic people who established a state that included parts of northern China (907-1125). (pron. kee-tahn); A nomadic people who established a state that included parts of northern China (1115-1234).8
11625541362Silla DynastyKorean dynasty that ruled from 668 to 9359
11625544703HangulKorean alphabet10
11625546860chu nomA style of writing adapted from China to Vietnam. It became the basis for the development of an independent national literature.11
11625629141Shotoku TaishiA Japanese prince who used Chinese ideas to set up a more centralized system of government in China12
11625633297Bushido"the way of the warrior"13
11625647246Izumi ShikibuIllustrious female poet from Japan14
11625671410Chinese BuddhismChina's only large-scale cultural borrowing. Supported by state but then got persecuted.15
11625683301Emperor WendiSui emperor (r. 581-604) who particularly patronized Buddhism.16
11625740593Nubian ChristianityEmerging in the fifth and sixth centuries in the several kingdoms of Nubia to the south of Egypt, this Christian church thrived for six hundred years but had largely disappeared by 1500 C.E. by which time most of the region's population practiced Islam.17
11625908356Jesus SutrasThe product of Nestorian Christians living in China, these sutras articulate the Christian message using Buddhist and Daoist concepts.18
11625913839Ethiopian Christianityretained both traditional African and Christian beliefs19
11625918070Byzantine EmpireEastern half of the Roman Empire that survived the fall of the Western half.20
11625920511ConstantinopleCapital of the Byzantine Empire21
11625924272JustinianByzantine emperor who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the Persians22
11625931578CaesaropapismA political-religious system in which the secular ruler is also head of the religious establishment, as in the Byzantine Empire.23
11625935882Eastern Orthodox ChurchChristian followers in the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire); split from Roman Catholic Church and shaped life in eastern Europe and western Asia24
11625942009Prince Vladimir of KievHe was the Russian prince who selected Greek Orthodoxy as the national religion. This added cultural bonds to the Byzantine Empire to the already existing commercial ties25
11625964814Kievan Rusfirst civilization in russia that was greatly influenced by the byzantine26
11625991220Charlemagneking of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor27
11626002059Holy Roman EmpireAn empire established in Europe in the 10th century A.D., originally consisting mainly of lands in what is now Germany and Italy28
11626012784Western ChristendomWestern European branch of Christianity that gradually defined itself as separate from Eastern Orthodoxy, with a major break in 1054 C.E. that has still not been healed.29
11626047753Cecilia PenifaderAn illiterate peasant woman (1297-1344) from the English village of Brigstock, whose life provides a window into the conditions of ordinary rural people even if her life was more independent and prosperous than most.30
11626059503PastoralismA type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter.31
11626067389ModunGreat ruler of the Xiongnu Empire who created a centralized and hierarchical political system32
11626077503TurksA member of the Turkish-speaking ethnic group in Turkey, or, formerly, in the Ottoman Empire33
11626100064Almoravid EmpireAn Islamic religious brotherhood that established an empire in North Africa and southern Spain in the 11th century A.D.34
11626104307Chinggis KhanTitle meaning "universal ruler" that was given to the Mongol leader Temujin in 1206 after he united the Mongols.35
11626120056The Mongol world warTerm used to describe half a century of military campaigns, massive killing, and empire building pursued by Chinggis Khan and his successors in Eurasia after 1209.36
11626126227Yuan Dynasty ChinaMongol dynasty that ruled China from 1271 to 1368; its name means "great beginnings."37
11626131273Kubilai Khangrandson of Chinggis Khan; commander of Mongol forces responsible for conquest of China; became khagan in 1260; established Sinicized Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 127138
11626163510HuleguGrandson of Chinggis Khan and ruler of Ilkhan khanate; captured and destroyed Abbasid Baghdad.39
11626169118KhutulunA Mongol princess whose exploits in battle and wrestling along with her choice of husbands provide insight into the relative freedom and influence of elite Mongol women in their societies40
11626172825Golden Hordea Mongolian army that swept over eastern Europe in the 13th century41
11626178014Black DeathA deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 135142
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AP World History Period 1 Flashcards

From Hunting and Gathering to Civilizations, 2.5 million-1000 B.C.E.: Origins

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7458131654Hunting and GatheringMeans of obtaining subsistence by humans before the mastery of sedentary agriculture; normally typical of tribal social organization0
7458131655CivilizationSocieties with reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, along with merchant and manufacturing groups1
7458131656NeolithicThe New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished2
7458131657NomadsCattle- and sheep-herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies3
7458131658CultureCombination of ideas, objects, and patterns of behavior that result from human social interaction4
7458131659Agrarian revolutionOccurred between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture5
7458131660PastoralismA nomadic agricultural lifestyle based on herding domesticated animals; tended to produce independent people capable of challenging sedentary agricultural societies6
7458131661Catal HuyukEarly urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification7
7458131662Bronze AgeFrom 4000 to 3000 B.C.E.; increased use of plow, metalworking; development of wheeled vehicles, writing8
7458131663MesopotamiaLiterally "between the rivers"; the civilization that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys9
7458131664Potter's wheelA technological advance in pottery making; invented circa 6000 B.C.E.; encouraged faster and higher-quality ceramic pottery products10
7458131665SumeriansPeople who migrated into Mesopotamia circa 4000 B.C.E.; created the first civilization within the region; organized area into city-states11
7458131666CuneiformA form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets12
7458131667City-stateA form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilization; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king13
7458131668ZigguratsMassive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple connections14
7458131669Babylonian EmpireUnified all of Mesopotamia circa 1800 B.C.E.; collapsed due to foreign invasion circa 1600 B.C.E.15
7458131670HammurabiThe most important Babylonian ruler; responsible for codification of the law16
7458131671PharaohThe term used to denote the kings of ancient Egypt; the term, "great house" refers to the palace of the pharaohs17
7458131672PyramidsMonumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs18
7458131673HieroglyphsForm of writing developed in ancient Egypt; more pictorial than Mesopotamian cuneiform19
7458131674KushAfrican state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile circa 1000 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries20
7458131675MonotheismThe exclusive worship of one god; introduced by Jews into Middle Eastern civilization21
7458131676PhoeniciansSeafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean22
7458131677Harappa and Mohenjo DaroMajor urban complexes of Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern23
7458131678AryansIndo-European nomadic, warlike, pastorialists who replaced Harappan civilization24
7458131679Huanghe (Yellow) River BasinSite of the development of sedentary agriculture in China25
7458131680Shang1st Chinese dynasty26
7458131681OraclesShamans or priests in Chinese society who foretold the future through interpreting animal bones cracked by heat; inscriptions on bones led to Chinese writing27
7458131682Ideographic writingPictograph characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing28
7458131683Big GeographyA term that draws attention to the global nature of world history.29
7458131684PaleolithicThe period that ended about 3,000 years after the end of the last Ice Age, it lasted until about 10,000 years ago. (Old Stone Age) The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates the Neolithic period.30
7458131685Path of migration for humans during Paleolithic eraFrom Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas31
7458131686EglitarianBelieving in the equality of all peoples32
7458131687Humans developed a wider range of ____ specially adapted to different environments from tropics to tundratools33
7458131688Neolithic RevolutionGlobal conversion to agriculture over hunter-gatherer lifestyles34
7458131689PatriarchyFather based35
7458131690Permanent agricultural villages emerged first in the lands of the eastern Mediterranean, possibly as a response to what?climatic change36
7458131691Pastoralists were often the developers and disseminators of of ____ and ___ that transformed warfare in agrarian civilizationsnew weapons modes of transportation37
7458131692name one mode of new transportation by the pastoralistsChariots Horseback riding38
7458131693Elites, both political and religious, promoted ____ and ____arts artisanship39
7458131694____ arose independently arose independently in all early civilization and subsequently were diffusedsystems of record keeping40
7458131695_____ developed in this period continued to have strong influences in later periodsNew religious beliefs41
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AP world history study set 1 Flashcards

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7930501430MesopotamiaRegion within the tigris and Euphrates rivers. Name means land between two rivers. Hosted first major civilizations.0
7930501431Notre ChicoDistinctive civilization, cities were smaller than those of Mesopotamia. Traded fish and farmed for food.1
7930536108Ancient HierarchiesFirst civilizations had inequalities in wealth, status, and power2
7930565211EmpireDefined as a larger more aggressive state. Empires usually have a lot of land and powerful armies.3
7930595935PersiaLarge empire that controlled much of Egypt to India.4
7930611136Persian Warswars between Persia and Greece including the battles of Marathon and Salamis5
7930615770Peloponnesian Warswars from 431 to 404 B.C.E. between Athens and Sparta for dominance in southern Greece; resulted in Spartan victory but failure to achieve political unification of Greece6
7930619785Hellenistic PeriodGreek cultural influence and power was at its peak; period when the Greek and the Persian cultures merged7
7930623338SocratesAthenian philosopher. Founder of Academy in Athens.8
7930637498ConsulRoman chief executive office; two consuls were elected each year and served as the military and political leaders of Rome.9
7930570169The Galactic Empire destroys AlderaanThe Galactic Empire, led by Emperor Palpatine and Darth Vader uses the Death Star to blow up the rebel planet of Alderaan. Grand Moff Tarkin commanded the destruction of the planet to try and get Princess Leia to reveal the location of the secret rebel base.10
7930641590Plebeianclass of common people11
7930649647Julius CaesarRoman emperor responsible for first triumvirate. Assassinated in 44 B.C.E by senators.12
7930670260Roman Republicthe balanced constitution of Rome from c. 510 to 47 B.C.E.; features an aristocratic Senate, a panel of magistrates, and several popular assemblies13
7930680110Fertile CrescentRegion sometimes known as Southwest Asia that includes the modern states of Iraq, Syria, Israel/Palestine, and southern Turkey; the earliest home of agriculture14
7930658204Senatepolitical body made up of former Roman office-holders that offered advice to the consuls15
7930662576Latifundia16
7930636791Patricianclass of social and political elites17
7930675315Aqueductstructures used to carry water across long distances to cities18
7930677478Augustus19
7930695368Pax Romana"Roman peace", period of time when Rome was stable and there were few wars20
7930719102AthensGreek city-state, one of the most famous leaders was Pericles21
7930748783SpartaAncient Greek city-state famous for military prowess22
7930670136Denariusstandard Roman currency23
7930711429Alexander the greatSon of Philip II (King of masedonia) who expanded the greek empire.24
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AP World History Strayer Chapter 9 Vocabulary Flashcards

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8151226942Qur'an*Definition:* Islamic sacred book of Muhammad's life and message. *Significance:* The word of God that the Muslims believe and follow.0
8151226943Umma*Definition:* The entire community of Muslims bound together by ties of religion. *Significance:* Goal of creating a just and moral society where all believers are community (equality).1
8151226944Pillars of Islam*Definition:* five duties a Muslim has to follow (1) Allah is the one true God. (2) 5 daily prayers. (3) Charitable. (4) Fast of Ramadan. (5) Hajj. *Significance:* Rules followed every day. The lifestyle to be good and responsible as a Muslim.2
8151226945Hijra*Definition:* Muhammad fled from Mecca to Medina. *Significance:* Other merchants didn't appreciate Muhammed, so he left to Medina (another holy place). He came back to Mecca to reconquer it later.3
8151226946Sharia*Definition:* Islamic law based on teachings of the Qur'an. *Significance:* It's the foundation of Muslim Law and how Muslims live their lives (with the Ulama as the judge).4
8151226947Jizya*Definition:* Poll tax paid by non-Muslims (minority groups) within Muslim empire. *Significance:* Allowed religious freedom through taxes. Christians and Jews were allowed within the empire because Muslims wanted more trading opportunities.5
8151226948Ulama*Definition:* Doctors of Muslim religion and law. *Significance:* Religiously trained scholars and authorities to look to for Qur'an and Muslim faith.6
8151226949Umayyad Caliphate*Definition:* 2nd of the 4 major caliphates (rule/reign of chief Muslim ruler). *Significance:* Construction of Mosques to symbolize imperial power. It was short lived because of the favor of Arabs.7
8151226950Abbasid Caliphate*Definition:* 3rd of the 4 major caliphates. *Significance:* Founded the city of Baghdad, the capital of the "Golden Age" (enlightenment and prosperity).8
8151226951Sufism*Definition:* Mystical system of Sufis, an ascetic Muslim sect. *Significance:* Belief and practice in which Muslims seek to find divine love and knowledge through a direct personal relationship with God. (Response to the materialism of leaders).9
8151226952Al-Ghazali*Definition:* Islamic thinker who was a scholar. He argued for rationale. *Significance:* He believed that rational philosophy alone could never enable believers to know about Allah. They must know in their heart. (Caused Sufism).10
8151226953Ibn Battuta*Definition:* Visited West Africa and criticized the Muslim practices there. *Significance:* Detailed account of visits to Islamic lands, and documented travels. He provided insight.11
8151226954Timbuktu*Definition:* Port city of Mal by the Niger River. *Significance:* Contained library and university. It was the center of Islamic religious and intellectual life.12
8151226955Mansa Musa*Definition:* Ruler of Kingdom of Mali (Muslim) sought to expand kingdom for gold. *Significance:* He showed pride and ignorance of Islamic law. He elevated Mali's status in the Islamic world.13
8151226956al-Andalus*Definition:* Chief site of Islamic encounter with Christian Europe (conquered by Arab and Berber forces). *Significance:* Muslims, Christians, and Jews contributed to culture. A place of harmony and tolerance (75% converted to Islam).14
8151226957Madrassas*Definition:* (11th century) Formal colleges, offered more advanced instructions in Qur'an and sayings of Muhammad. It was the informal teachings with text memorization. *Significance:* Another way Ulama passed on teachings of the faith, and important knowledge of the faith.15
8151226958House of Wisdom*Definition:* Baghdad, the center for research and translation of scientific, medical, and philosophical texts. *Significance:* Islamic ideas circled the world, and Greek information was being translated into Arabic.16
8151226959Ibn Sina*Definition:* Writer in almost all fields of science and philosophy. *Significance:* Set standards for medical practice in Islamic and Christian worlds. Accurately diagnosed many disease and found treatments, and revolutionary writings.17
8151256584Sikhisma monotheistic religion founded in Punjab in the 15th century by Guru Nanak.18
8151289212Meccathe holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace19
8151289213Medina (Yathrib)"city of the prophet" were Muhammad and followers fled to20
8151289214ShahadahProfession of faith21
8151289215SalatPrayer22
8151289216ZakatCharity23
8151289217SawmFasting24
8151289218HajjPilgrimage to Mecca25
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AP World History Vocabulary Unit 2 Flashcards

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7563931078StateA politically organized body of people usually occupying a definite territory0
7563931079EmpireA political unit having a great extent of territories or people under a single authority1
7563934119ReligionThe belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods.2
7563935717Belief SystemA set of principles or tenets which together form the basis of a religion, philosophy, or moral code.3
7563937477CondificationThe act,process,or result of arranging in a systematic form or code.4
7563938675MonotheismReligion that believes in one God5
7563938676Judaismis an ancient monotheistic Abrahamic religion with the Torah as its foundational text6
7563940646Hebrew ScriptureThe codification further associated Judaism with monotheism. Influenced the cultural and legal traditions of Mesopotamia.7
7563941993Assyrian EmpireEmpire that, during its high point (8th and 7th centuries bce), embraced not only Mesopotamia but also Syria, Palestine, much of Anatolia, and most of Egypt.8
7563946793Babylonian EmpireAn ancient empire of Mesopotamia in the Euphrates River valley. It flourished under Hammurabi and Nebuchadnezzar II but declined after 562 B.C. and fell to the Persians in 5399
7563946794Roman EmpirePeriod from 507 to 31 B.C.E . An empire established by Augustus in 27 BC and divided in AD 395 . significance- at its peak lands in Europe and Africa and Asia were ruled by ancient Rome.10
7563949795Jewish Diasporic CommunitiesJews spread from Israel to western Asia and Mediterranean lands in antiquity.11
7563951621South Asia12
7563971015Sanskrit ScripturesA Hindu scripture; Hindus have more than one scripture13
7563955708Caste System ( South Asia)A system of classes that were used in Indian Civilization14
7563968351Vedic Religions ( Hinduism)The religion of the Indo-Aryans of northern India during the Vedic period15
7563963306ReincarnationThe rebirth of a soul in a new body.16
7563964831BrahmaPriest of Hinduism, they were considered the topmost on the caste ladder17
7563964832Multiple Manifestations of BrahmaThe importance of many manifestations of Brahma to influence reincarnation and karma18
7563989083Buddha ( desire,suffering, & enlightenment)Creator of Buddhism19
7563989084SutrasHave only one birth. The only occupation the lord prescribed to them was to serve the other three castes.20
7563991400Mauryan Emperor AshokaAn Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty, who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BCE. He was violent and short tempered, killed his 6 Brothers to capture the throne.21
7563995243BuddhismA religion of eastern and central Asia growing out of the teaching of Siddhārtha Gautama that suffering is inherent in life and that one can be liberated from it by cultivating wisdom, virtue, and concentration.22
7563997376Buddhist Monasteries ( monastic life)A community of men or women (monks or nuns), who have chosen to withdraw from society, forming a new community devoted to religious practice.23
7564000222ConfucianismThe system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct24
7564026246ConfuciusAn influential Chinese philosopher, teacher and political figure known for his popular aphorisms and for his models of social interaction25
7564036722Confucian Social Harmony ( proper rituals & relationship )The concept of social harmony dates back to ancient China, to the time of Confucius26
7564037649Filial PietyA virtue of respect for one's parents, elders, and ancestors27
7564037650DaoismBelief that the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from the Dao, or 'path' of nature.28
7564065850Daoism Balanace Between Humans & NatureWhen they reach harmony, the energy of life is created. Someone who understands this point will not exploit nature, but will treat it well and learn from it.29
7564068653ChristianityOne of the major world religions, rose during the roman empire but did not come from the roman empire and had regular ceremonies.30
7564069422Jesus of NazarethJesus was raised Jewish ( in Nazareth) and he remained deeply Jewish all of his life. His intention was not to create a new religion. Rather, he saw himself as doing something within Judaism.31
7564071857Christian disciplesPeople who were pupils of Christianity32
7564073912Hellenistic influences in ChristianityChristianity and Hellenistic philosophy refers to the complex interaction between Hellenistic philosophy and early Christianity during the first to fourth centuries. ... However, as Christianity spread throughout the Hellenic world, an increasing number of church leaders were educated in Greek philosophy.33
7564100826Emperor ConstantineA Christian Roman Emperor; made Christianity the official religion of Rome34
7564103334Christian Monasteries ( monastic life)Devotional practice of individuals who live ascetic and typically cloistered lives that are dedicated to Christian worship.35
7564106286Greco-Roman Philosophy & ScienceCreated the basis for the future Western Philosophy and had been the central religious and philosophical system of the western world until the 5th century C.E. It was perceived as humanities first effort to presenting rational explanations for the workings for the world without mythological content or the operation of gods to explain existence36
7564106299LogicReasoning conducted or assessed according to strict principles of validity.37
7564108879Empirical ObservationThe knowledge received by means of the senses, particularly by observation and experimentation38
7564111578Greco-RomanRegions and countries that culturally were directly, long-term, and intimately influenced by the language, culture, government and religion of the ancient Greeks and Romans39
7564200574ShamanismBelief in an unseen world of gods, demons, and ancestral spirits responsive only to the shamans40
7564118984Greek City-States & Colonies , Mediterranean RegionGreek city-state began to look beyond Greece for land and resources, and so they founded colonies across the Mediterranean.First the islands around Greece were colonized.The first colonists in a general sense were traders and those small groups of individuals who sought to tap into new resources and start a new life away from the increasingly competitive and over-crowded homeland.41
7564166345AnimismBelief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life; Most early civilizations believed in Animism42
7564166346Ancestor VenerationThe practice of praying to your ancestors, Found especially in China; There's a heavy influence of Ancestor veneration in Confucianism.43
7564150696Phoenicia & Its Colonies , Mediterranean RegionThe prosperity of Phoenician cities were based on trade. The major Phoenician trade routes were by sea to the Greek islands, across southern Europe, down the Atlantic coast of Africa, and up to ancient Britain.44
7564150695Gupta Empire, South Asia45
7564164801Persian Empires, Southwest Asia46
7564158842Mauryan Empire , South Asia47
7564163581Qin Empire , East Asia48
7564160959Han Empire , East Asia49
7564253642Hellenistic Empire, Mediterranean & Mid-East RegionsThe Hellenistic period covers the period of Mediterranean history between the rise of Alexander the Great in 336 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year.50
7564207338CurrencyA system of money in general use in a particular country.51
7564249968Roman Empire , Mediterranean RegionThe major centres of the Mediterranean at the time became part of Alexander's empire as a result. His empire quickly disintegrated, and the Middle East, Egypt, and Greece were soon again independent. Alexander's conquests spread Greek knowledge and ideas throughout the region.52
7564211140Imperial bureaucracyDivision of an empire into organized provinces to make it easier to control53
7564248202Teotihuacan , MesoamericaAn ancient Mesoamerican city located in a sub-valley of the Valley of Mexico, located in the State of Mexico 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of modern-day Mexico City, known today as the site of many of the most architecturally significant Mesoamerican pyramids built in the pre-Columbian Americas.54
7564220431Centralized GovernmentsIs one in which power or legal authority is exerted or coordinated by a de facto political executive to which federal states, local authorities, and smaller units are considered subject.55
7564246331Maya City-States, Mesoamerica56
7564223174Cahokia, North AmericaUnited States' oldest civilization57
7564234275Moche, Andean South America58
7564225086Chaco, North America59
7564290521DiplomacyThe profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations, typically by a country's representatives abroad.60
7564262258Trans-Saharan Caravan Routes61
7564288727Successor States To EmpiresSuccession of states is a theory and practice in international relations regarding successor states. A successor state is a sovereign state over a territory62
7564266487Eurasian Silk Roads63
7564277029Long- Distance TradeWhen two civilizations that are far apart from each other start trading resources back and forth whether its food , tools, religion , etc.64
7564268755Oceania65
7564272564Eastern Hemisphere66
7564268756Disease PathogensPhysical, chemical, or biological factors that can cause disease.67
7564270925The AmericasNorth & South America68
7564307089Indian Ocean Sea Lanes69
7564293580East Africa70
7564304020Mediterranean Sea Lanes71
7564293581East Asia72
7564301812Domesticated Pack AnimalsAnimals that were trained for human uses included camels, the yak, reindeer, goats, water buffalo and llama, and domesticated members of the horse family including horses, donkeys and mules.73
7564296200Monsoon WindsThe seasonal wind of the Indian Ocean and southern Asia, blowing from the southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter74
7564298854Maritime Technologies from 600BCE-600CENew technologies like yolks, saddles or stirrups let the use of domesticated animals .75
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