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AP World History: Chapter 16 Vocab Flashcards

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7689851621CharlemagneDefinition: King of the Franks and Holy Roman Empire Significance: Symbolized the relationship between the Church and Charlemagne0
7689865286ClovisDefinition: King of the Franks who unified Gaul and established his capital at Paris Significance: Reunified Europe for some time1
7689890532VikingsDefinition: Scandinavian pirates who plundered the coasts of Europe from the 8th to the 10th century Significance: Caused Instability2
7689913461MagyarsDefinition: Muslims who attacked Europe and converted to Christianity and established Hungary Significance: Spread Christianity and caused instability3
7689924813Holy Roman EmpireDefinition: The lands ruled by Charlemagne Significance: Brought a degree of stability back to Europe4
7689946757SerfsDefinition: A person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord Significance: Bottom of the Feudal hierarchy, very important as they provided sustenance5
7689962217VassalsDefinition: A noble who usually was given a fief by his lord in exchange for loyalty Significance: This person gave their military skills and loyalty to the lord6
7690047107ManorsDefinition: a large estate, often including farms and a village Significance: Location where lords rule7
7690063669Horse Collars/WatermillsDefinition: Distributed the weight around the shoulders and chest rather than the throat Definition: Building located on rivers in which grain were crushed into flour8
7690078894Heavy PlowDefinition: Agricultural invention that allowed people to migrate to colder climates and produce more food Significance: Produced more food which allowed for a population growth and urbanization9
7690098830Pope Gregory IDefinition: Was most important figure for providing Roman Church with sense of direction Significance: Defended Rome, brought unity to the Church10
7690111343William Duke of NormandyDefinition: Led the Norman invasion of England and became the first Norman to be King of England Significance: Defeated Harold, the Anglo-Saxon King11
7690145050Lief EriksonDefinition: Sailed from West Norway to Greenland but strong wind blew his ship off course Significance: Viking that discovered America 500 years before Columbus12
7690228402Gothic CathedralsDefinition: An architectural style that flourished in Europe Significance: Created by Abbot Suger13
7690258312Bubonic PlagueDefinition: Disease spread by rats, brought by sailors from Crimea Significance: About 1/3 of all Europe's population died14
7690293266Leo IIIDefinition: Crowned Charlemagne the "Holy Roman Emperor Significance: Strained Byzantian relationship15
7690312986Theme SystemDefinition: Divided the Byzantine Empire into different districts that were each led by a general Significance: Peasants who joined the army were given plots of land16
7690356532IconoclasmDefinition: The breaking of images, a religious controversy of the 8th century Significance: Byzantine emperor attempted, but failed to suppression veneration17
7690907575Greek FireDefinition: Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals that ignited when exposed to water Significance: Utilized to drive back Arab fleets that attracted Constantinople18
7690928371SchismDefinition: The separation between two branches of Christianity in 1054 CE Significance: Revival popes were established in Arigon and Rome19
7690949174Hagia SophiaDefinition: Most famous example of Byzantine Architecture Significance: Built under Justinian I and is considered one of the most perfect buildings in the world20
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AP World History: Vocab. Period 3 Flashcards

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5905510879AbbasidDynasty of Caleb's ruling at Baghdad, 750 until 1258 CE, governing most of the Islamic world and claiming descent from Abba's, uncle of Muhamed0
5905510880Abu BakrOne of Muhamed's earliest converts, succeeded in Muhamed as first Kaylas of Muslim community1
5905510881Ali(Cousin) and son-in-law of Muhamed one of the Orthodox Kayla's, focus for Shi'a2
5905510882BedouinNomadic Pastora lists of the Arabian Peninsula, culture based on camel and goat nomadism, early converts to Islam3
5905510883CaliphThe political and religious successor to Mohammed4
5905510884CaliphateThe jurisdiction or government of a caliph5
5905510885DhimmiLiterally people of the book, applied as inclusive term to Jews and Christians and Islamic territories, later extended to Zoroastrians and even Hindus6
5905510886DhowA lateen rigged ship with one or two masts, used in the Indian Ocean7
5905510887Five pillars of IslamThe obligatory religious duties of all Muslims, confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, almsgiving, and hajj8
5905510888Golden age of IslamTraditionally dated from the mid seventh century to the mid 13th century at which Muslim rulers established one of the largest empires in history. It refers to the period in history of Islam, during the middle ages, when much of the Muslim world was world by various caliphate, experiencing a scientific, economic, and cultural floor Shing9
5905510889HadithTraditions of the prophet Mohammed10
5905510890HaremThe part of a Muslim palace or house reserved for the residence of woman11
5905510891hijrah/hegiraThe flight of Muhamed from Mecca to Medina to escape persecution and 622CE, regarded as the beginning of the Muslim era12
5905510892House of wisdomEstablished in Baghdad, place for scholars, both Muslim and non-Muslim, sought to gather and translate the worlds knowledge into Arabic. Many classic works of antiquity that would otherwise have been forgotten or translated into Arabic and later and turn translated into Turkish, Cindy, Persian, Hebrew and left. Knowledge with synthesized from works originating in ancient Mesopotamia, ancient Rome, China, India, Persia, ancient Egypt, north Africa, ancient Greece and byzantine civilizations13
5905510893ImamThe person who leads prayers in a mosque, also a title of various Muslim leaders, especially of one succeeding Muhamed as leader of Shiite Islam14
5905510894JihadStruggle often used for wars in defense of the faith15
5905510895Ka'baMost Revered religious shrine in prayer is Lemic Arabia, located in Mecca, focus of obligatory annual truce among bedouin tribes, later Incorporated as important shrine in Islam16
5905510896MadrasasA college for Islam instruction17
5905510897MohammedThe Arab prophet who founded Islam in 570 until 63218
5905510898People of the bookDhimmi- Applied as inclusive term do Jews and Christians and Islamic territories, later extended to Zoroastrians and even Hindus19
5905510899Seljuk TurksNomadic turks from Asia who conquered Baghdad and 1055 and I love the Kayla to remain only as a religious leader, the government strictly, will the parts of central Asia and middle east20
5905510900ShariaThe code of law derived from the Koran and from the teachings and example of Muhamed, it prohibits actions according to Islam21
5905510901ShiaAlso known as the Shiites, Muslim that believe leadership should reside in the line descended from Ali22
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Eurasian Empires AP World History Flashcards

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7539747995EmpireA large area controlled by a ruler0
7539747996The HittitesVery powerful military, set up city-states on plateau called Anatolia, 1st military in Middle East to have iron weapons, lighter chariots, covered Asia Minor, Syria, and part of Mesopotamia, no harsh punishment1
7539747997The AssyriansFought with iron, treated conquered people cruelly, forced to pay heavy taxes, empire stretched from Persian Gulf to Egypt, Chaldeans take them down2
7539747998The ChaldeansGreat king: Nebuchadnezzar, Empire weakened due to slow trade and poor harvests3
7539747999The PersiansKing Cyrus added many new territories, king Darius was the best organizer, each province was ruled by a satrap: governor, very tolerant rulers, Xerxes son of Darius tried to conquer Greece but failed4
7539748000PersepolisMost magnificent city in the Persian empire5
7539748001The Aegean AreaAncient Greece included the Balkan Peninsula and small rocky islands, 3/4 of Greek mainland is mountains, fertile plains between the mountains, mild climate6
7539748002The MinoansRuled by king Minos, had a large palace with labyrinths, Minos and the Minotaur7
7539748003The MycenaeansMigrated from Central Asia to the Balkan Peninsula, set up group of kingdoms, locals: Hellenes, adopted many parts of Minoan culture, new civilization called Hellenic8
7539748004Poets and heroesThe Iliad: about Trojan war and Trojan horse, The Odyssey: about journey of king Odysseus after fall of Troy, stories were used to teach values, both of those were written by the bind poet Homer9
7539748005Greek religionGods caused the physical events on earth, stressed importance of individual and self worth, allowed to approach gods with dignity, chief god was Zeus10
7539748006The PolisA city state, each was developed independently but shared certain common features, included the city and surrounding villages, fields, and orchards11
7539748007AcropolisA fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city, foot of this was called the angora, which was the public square12
7539748008Greek citizensCould vote, hold office, speak in court, own property, and were expected to serve and protect, most Greeks weren't citizens, slaves, foreigners, and women couldn't be citizens13
7539748009Greek colonies and tradeIncreased population after "dark ages", each polis sent out groups to set up colonies, sent grain back to the parent city, Greek trade expanded throughout the Mediterranean region, replaced barter system with money14
7539748010AristocratNoble person15
7539748011Political and social changeDisputes between aristocrats and commoners often arose, farmers began to protest, farmers were very powerful because they were foot soldiers, middle class wanted more voice so they joined the protest16
7539748012PhalanxRows of foot soldiers close together with shields to form a wall17
7539748013OligarchyA few wealthy people hold power18
7539748014DemocracyGovernment by the people19
7539748015AthensDemocracy Greek city- state20
7539748016SpartaOligarchy Greek city-state21
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AP World History Period 2B Flashcards

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11020932896Persian EmpireEmpire represented in this map0
11020932897AthensFirst recorded democracy ever established. Direct democracy with juries of up to 2,500 people. Had to be an 18 year old male with Athenian parents to rule.1
11020932898Greco-Persian WarsTwo major Persian invasions of Greece, 490 and 480 B.C.E., in which the Persians were defeated on both land and sea each time.2
11020932899HellenismCivilizations represented on this map3
11020932900Alexander the GreatBetween 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East.4
11020932901AugustusThe first emperor of Rome whose leadership brought about a long period of Pax Romana (Roman Peace).5
11020932902Qin Shihuangdi(r.221-210 BCE) The emperor who unified China and established the first dynasty of a unified empire.6
11020932903Han Dynasty(202 BC - 220 AD) dynasty started by Lui Bang; a great and long-lasting rule, it discarded the harsh policies of the previous dynasty and adopted Confucian principles; Its rulers chose officials who passed the civil service exams rather than birth; it was a time of prosperity7
11020932904Mauryan Dynasty322-185 BCE. The first state to unify most of the Indian subcontinent.8
11020932905AshokaThird ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India (r. 270-232 B.C.E.). He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing.9
11020932906legalismChinese philosophy developed by Hanfeizi; taught that humans are naturally evil and therefore need to be ruled by harsh laws10
11020932907ConfucianismChinese ethical and philosophical system. It sought to minimize conflicts by stressing obedience to superiors, reverence for elder family members, and honoring of ancestors11
11020932908VedasAncient Sanskrit writings that are the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism.12
11020932909UpanishadsA collection of over two hundred texts composed between 900 and 200 BC that provide philosophical commentary on the Vedas13
11020932910Siddhartha GautamaFounder of Buddhism14
11020932911ZoroastrianismOne of the first monotheistic religions, particularly one with a wide following. It was central to the political and religious culture of ancient Persia. A religion that developed in early Persia and stressed the fight between the forces of good and the forces of evil and how eventually the forces of good would prevail.15
11020932912JudaismA religion with a belief in one god. It originated with a covenant between God and Abraham and his descendants the Hebrew people. Yahweh was responsible for the world and everything within it. Holy Book is the Torah16
11020932913Greek RationalismA secularizing system of scientific and philosophic thought that developed in the period 600 B.C.E. to 300 B.C.E.; it emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in nonreligious terms.17
11020932914Socrates(470-399 BCE) An Athenian philosopher who thought that human beings could lead honest lives and that honor was far more important than wealth, fame, or other superficial attributes. He taught students to question everything until a reasonable conclusion could be arrived at, later became Socratic method. condemed to death for corrupting young minds.18
11020932915AristotleGreek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry.19
11020932916Jesus of NazarethFounder of Christianity. His teachings were based on Judaism but eventually became a separate faith and spread throughout the Roman Empire and the world.20
11020932917Yellow Turban RebellionA massive Chinese peasant uprising inspired by Daoist teachings that began in 184 C.E. with the goal of establishing a new golden age of equality and harmony.21
11020932918castedistinct social class grouping; in China, Varna consisted of four classes that people were born into for life, and in India,22
11020932942CyrusFounder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Between 550 and 530 B.C.E. he conquered Media, Lydia, and Babylon. He allowed the Jews to return to their homeland23
11020932943DariusPersian ruler who brought order to the Persian Empire. He also built roads; established a postal system; and standardized weights, measures, and coinage.24
11020932944Alexander the GreatSuccessor of Philip of Macedon; 1st global empire, but no lasting bureaucracy; spread of Hellenism is greatest achievement25
11020932945PersianOf or relating to Iran or its people or language or culture26
11020932946Satrapsunder Darius's rule these were known as governors who ruled the provinces. They collected taxes, served as judges, and put down rebellions27
11020932947Persian WarsConflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, ranging from the Ionian Revolt (499-494 B.C.E.) through Darius's punitive expedition that failed at Marathon. Chronicled by Herodotus. (131)28
11020932948Ahura MazdaMain god of Zoroastrianism who represented truth and goodness and was perceived to be in an eternal struggle with the malign spirit angra mainyu.29
11020932949Angra Mainyuevil spirit in zoroastrianism, the explanation for the presence of evil in the world30
11020932950LaoziChinese Daoist philosopher; taught that governments were of secondary importance and recommended retreat from society into nature.31
11020932951Qin ShihuangdiRuler of China who united China for the first time. He built road and canals and began the Great Wall of China. He also imposed a standard system of laws, money, weights, and writing.32
11020932952Han WudiThe most important Han Emperor: expanded the Empire in all directions; created the Civil Service System based upon Confucian learning; established Imperial University; promoted the Silk Roads33
11020932953DaoismChinese School of Thought: Daoists believe that the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from the Dao, or 'path' of nature.34
11020932954LegalismIn China, a political philosophy that emphasized the unruliness of human nature and justified state coercion and control. The Qin ruling class invoked it to validate the authoritarian nature of their regime. (p.52)35
11020932955Qin DynastyThe dynasty that replaced the Zhou dynasty and employed Legalist ideas in order to control warring states and unify the country.36
11020932956Han dynastyA great and long-lasting rule, it discarded the harsh policies of the Qin dynasty and adopted Confucian principles. Han rulers chose officials on merit rather than birth. It was a time of prosperity37
11020932957Yellow Turban UprisingLarge revolt throughout China during the Han dynasty led by desperate peasants wearing yellow turbans. This uprising tested the resilience of the Han state during the late second century CE. It weakened the Han state during the second and third centuries CE. Leads to fall of Han Dynasty38
11020932958Chandragupta MauryaHe founded India's first empire (Mauryan). He was an Indian prince who conquered a large area in the Ganges River valley soon after Alexander invaded western India.39
11020932959AshokaThe grandson of Chandragupta Maurya; extended conquests of the dynasty; converted to Buddhism and sponsored its spread throughout his empire.40
11020932960Chandra GuptaLaid the foundations for the Gupta empire, he forged alliances with powerful families in the Ganges Region and established a dynamic kingdom about the year 320 C.E. Golden Age41
11020932961Siddhartha Gautamafounder of Buddism; born a prince; left his father's wealth to find the cause of human suffering; also know as Buddha42
11020932962Mauryan EmpireThe first state to unify most of the Indian subcontinent. It was founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 324 B.C.E. and survived until 184 B.C.E. From its capital at Pataliputra in the Ganges Valley it grew wealthy from taxes. (184)43
11020932963Gupta EmpirePowerful Indian state based, like its Mauryan predecessor, in the Ganges Valley. It controlled most of the Indian subcontinent through a combination of military force and its prestige as a center of sophisticated culture. Golden Age44
11020932964HunsNomadic invaders from central Asia; invaded India; disrupted Gupta administration (Overthrew Gupta)45
11020932965Buddhisma world religion or philosophy based on the teaching of the Buddha and holding that a state of enlightenment can be attained by suppressing worldly desire46
11020932966Homerancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey (circa 850 BC)47
11020932967SocratesGreek philosopher; socratic method--questioning; sentenced to death for corrupting Athens youth48
11020932968PlatoPhilosopher (429 BC-347 BC) who studied under Socrates and questioned reality. He believed that ideal forms existed on a separate plane than our conception of reality. In his work the Republic, he described an ideal society, in which philosopher-kings would rule and everyone would be given jobs based on their talents. He also creates the Academy, an ancient school of philosophy.49
11020932969AristotleGreek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system.50
11020932970polisGreek word for city-state51
11020932971SpartaGreek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts52
11020932972Persian WarKing Darius of Persia wanted to conquer all of the Greek city-states but Athens and Sparta resisted. Greek city-states vs. Persia - Greek city-states won. Athens emerged as most powerful city state in Greece.53
11020932973Delian LeagueAn alliance headed by Athens that says that all Greek city-states will come together and help fight the Persians54
11020932974Peloponnesian Wara war in which Athens and its allies were defeated by the league centered on Sparta55
11020932975Hellenistic AgeGreek culture spread across western Asia and northeastern Africa after the conquests of Alexander the Great. The period ended with the fall of the last major Hellenistic kingdom to Rome, but Greek cultural influence persisted until the spread of Islam.56
11020932976Ptolemaic EmpireThe Hellenistic empire in Egypt area after Alexander's death; created by Ptolemy, one of Alexander's generals.57
11020932977Seleucid EmpireThe empire in Syria, Persia, and Bactria after the breakup of Alexander's empire.58
11020932978Julius CaesarMade dictator for life in 45 BCE, after conquering Gaul, assassinated in 44 BCE by the Senate because they were afraid of his power59
11020932979Augustus CaesarThe first empreror of Rome, the adopted son of Julius Caesar, help Rome come into Pax Romana, or the Age of Roman Peace60
11020932980Punic Warone of the three wars between Carthage and Rome that resulted in the destruction of Carthage and its annexation by Rome61
11020932981Twelve tablesthe earliest written collection of Roman laws, drawn up by patricians about 450B.C., that became the foundation of Roman law62
11020932982PatriciansA member of one of the noble families of the ancient Roman Republic, which before the third century B.C. had exclusive rights to the Senate and the magistracies.63
11020932983PlebeiansMembers of the lower class of Ancient Rome including farmers, merchants, artisans and traders64
11020932984ConstantineEmperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337)65
11020932985Silk roadsTrade routes stretching from China to the Mediterranean, which allowed for the exchange of goods and ideas from China to the Roman Empire66
11020932919QanatsUnderground irrigation systems developed by Persians67
11020932920AquaductsAbove ground structures that piped in fresh drinking water to public fountains in Roman Empire68
11020932921concreteRoman innovation that aided construction of large-scale projects.69
11020932922Paul of TarsusOne of the most important apostles who is largely responsible for the spread of Christianity around the Mediterranean World in the 1st century.70
11020932923Stepwellsan innovation of the gupta empire that allowed for the storage of fresh drinking water in a fashion that minimized evaporation.71
11020932924Jatia Hindu caste or distinctive social group of which there are thousands throughout India; a special characteristic is often the exclusive occupation of its male members (such as barber or potter)72
11020932925filial pietyThe Confucian belief that one should obey older family members and pay respect to ancesters.73
11020932926ShudraThe serving class, the lowest caste in Hinduism before the creation of the untouchables74
11020932927Four Noble TruthsThe Buddhist beliefs that all life is a cycle of suffering, the cause of suffering is desires for worldly pleasures, and that the cycle of suffering will not be broken until a person escapes re-birth through a process of Enlightenment.75
11020932928BrahmaIn Hinduism, a universal spirit believed to be the origin of everything.76
11020932929SalonA reformer who preserved Athenian democracy by initiating a series of compromises between aristocrats and commoners.77
11020932930stupaBuddhist shrines, usually believed to hold holy relics.78
11020932931synchretismwhen elements of two or more cultures blend together79
11020932932boddisattvaIn Buddhism, a person who is able to reach nirvana but delays doing so to remain on earth as a spiritual guide to others.80
11020932933gangesA holy river in Hinduism81
11020932934PersepolisThe city created by Darius the Great as the grand capital of the Achaemenid Empire.82
11020932935PataliputraLarge city along the Ganges River which was the capital of the Mauyaran Empire83
11020932936PaarsargadA capital city created by Cyrus the Great84
11020932937ConstantinopleLarge Roman trading city located on the straits between the Black and Mediterranean Seas.85
11020932938PeterEstablished an early Christian Church in Rome. Viewed by Christians as the first Pope.86
11020932939asceticsomeone who forgoes traditional desires such as food, sex, and shelter-usually for religious reasons.87
11020932940cynicisma Hellenistic philosophical movement that rejected material wealth and traditional authority.88
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AP World History CH. 1 Flashcards

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10732959100MESOPOTAMIA -Meaning of Mesopotamia -Location of Mesopotamia - How was the area affected by flooding -What nation was in that area-Between the rivers -Within the Fertile Crescent between the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers -Flooding provided fertile silt for farmland but was unpredictable. - Sumer0
10732961320Social structure of MesopotamiaRulers and Priests Merchants, artists, and scribes peasant farmers captured slaves1
10733072741religion of Sumer+ Polytheistic: believes in many gods Religion in government THEOCRACY: religious leaders also lead government used Ziggurats- large pyramid like temples in city centers2
10733080393Writing system in sumer+ Had a pictographic writing system called cuneiform (had more lines and less pictures than hieroglyphics), wedge shapes, used symbols for pictures, sounds, and ideas written on clay tablets3
10733128249Hammurabi's code1st written code of law an eye for an eye for Mesopotamia created by the Babylonian king somewhere between 1792 BC and 1750 BC4
10733161644Invaders of SumerThe Akkadians over taken the Sumerians around 2270 BC. The Assyrians rise to power around 1900 BC. Later, the Babylonians rise to power. (Sometime around 1800 BC)5
10733224180Egypt - location -how flooding affected it- centered around the Nile River valley -floods at the same time every year and they could use that to their advantage to get rich, fertile soil6
10733250751Which way does the Nile flow?north7
10733279072Natural borders of Egypt-deserts to the east and west -Mediterranean Sea to the north -Cataracts (Divide the river and create rapids) marked the southern border of Upper Egypt8
10733320363The three kingdoms of EgyptOld, Middle, and New9
10733311506Old Kingdom of Egypt -system of writingHieroglyphics - based on Sumerian script -Pictogrpahic and alphabetic elements10
10733372773Government of Old Kingdom-Upper and lower Egypt unites - Pharaohs have strong central authority and absolute power - a vizier was the chief minister who supervised day-to-day government11
10733391582Decline of the Old Kingdom-power struggles between local nomarchs - food shortages due to crop failures and drought - high cost of pyramids12
10733431723Middle Kingdom tradeTrade with Nubians to the south increases (cultures of the two peoples begin to mix, eventually occupies Nubia)13
10733460028Middle Kingdom- declinesInvaded by the Hykos from Western Asia Hykos adopt Egyptian customs and beliefs14
10733483803Middle kingdom- governmentpharaohs restore prosperity and stability15
10733512720New kingdom- trademore contact with other civilizations first known peace treaty signed with the Hittites16
10733529652New kingdom-declinePower declines after Rames II A succession of invaders conquer Egypt (Sea people, Hykos, Persians, And Greeks)17
10733572885New Kingdom- pharaohs and governmentNew leaders drive out Hykos and result in stronger pharaohs Hatshepsut- female pharoah who encouraged trade King Tut- famous tomb Rames II- very powerful and ruled for 67 years, defeated the Hitties Akhenaton/Amonhotep IV- the first monotheist and husband of Nefertiti18
10744339048first seven civilizationsOlmec Civilization Norte Chico Civilization Nile Valley Civilizations Mesopotamian Civilization Oxus Civilization Indus Valley Civilization Chinese Civilization (multiple "dynasties")19
10744353674Caste system of IndiaBrahmins - priests Kshatriyas - warriors Vaisyas/Vaishyas - herders, farmers, artisans, merchants Sudras/Shudras - non-Aryans, laborers, servants20
10744368511India - flooding -natural borders system of writing -major cities-Flooding was unpredictable and the area had strong winds/monsoons -Himalayan mountains formed a natural border to the north -Writing has been discovered but not translated -Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were major cities with a well-planned grid pattern, standard size bricks, and extensive plumbing21
10744403839VedasAncient Sanskrit writings that are the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism. written in about 1500 BC includes prayers, poems, and Hindu gods and goddesses (Indus river valley)22
10744415001aryansAryans were an Indo-European people who migrated into India through the Khyber Pass around 1750 BCE and began the Vedic Age based on the Vedas23
10744423481Decline and religion of IndiaWere polytheistic, had a mother goddess of creation, and used images of sacred animals (bull and tiger) Society declined (1500 BCE) and multiple theories arose (natural disasters: tsunami, earthquake; invasion: Aryans)24
10744438779Olmecs political set upAuthoritarian in nature Colossal heads - possibly rulers Power shown in pyramid construction25
10744446736What did the Olmecs trade?Jade and obsidian26
10744449012What was the Olmec's legacy on their region?Maize (corn) ceremonial centers were common to later societies Calendar Rituals of human sacrifice Ball games Olmecs did not leave written records27
10744453262Olmecs artArt was shown through colossal heads that are said to depict Olmec rulers (kind of like Eastern Island heads)28
10744460850Olmecs declineCause of decline is not known Olmecs destroyed their ceremonial centers Society probably ruined by civil conflict Other societies eclipsed the Olmecs by 400 BCE29
10744478432geography of Andean societylocated along the Andes Mountains Impacted north-south movement and communication Created micro-cultures (cultures isolated within a region)30
10744481440andean society- agricultureCrops: beans, peanuts, sweet potatoes, cotton Dependent on irrigation Fishing produced food along with farming31
10744493561Norte ChicoSometimes called Cara-Supe after first discovery Arose around 4th millennium BCE, fell 1800 BCE Post-Sumer, Pre-Nile, Pre-Indus, Pre-Olmec 30 major civilization centers Likely theocratic government influencing construction Pre-ceramic, no visual art but evidence of textiles, cotton Cultivate crops include maize Heavily dependent on fishing!!! Large earthen platform mounds, sunken plazas32
10744496069ChavinChavin cult 800 - 300 BCE Rise probably related to introduction of maize Small elite with connection to divine, likely shamans Known for monumental architecture Large temple complexes, plazas Andean First: elaborate artworks, craftsmanship Internal architecture of stairs, passageways, tunnels Extensive irrigation Extensive trade with different environmental regions33
10744504428Moche CivilizationMochica 300- 700 CE One of several early Andean states, located in northern Peru Likely not an empire or unified Heavy use of irrigation Mochica ceramics were highest quality, sophistication Extensive evidence of use of cotton and wool34
10744641645Inca- ChucuitoDominated highlands around Lake Titicaca Potatoes, llamas, and alpacas Traded with lower valleys Chewed coca leaves35
10744643432Inca- ChimuPowerful kingdom in Peru's lowlands Arose before mid-15th century Irrigation networks Maize and sweet potatoes Capital city at Chanchan had massive brick buildings36
10744648100Incan capitalsCuzco and Machu Picchu37
10744653238Inca roadsTwo connected north and south Runners carried messages Paved with stone, shaded by trees Helped spread Quechua (language)38
10744656311inca tradeNo merchants to trade; goods were bartered locally, not much specialization39
10744659852Inca chiefsChief ruler was said to be descended from the sun God-king owned everything on earth Mummified rulers became intermediaries with gods40
10744663294Inca priestsPriests led celibate, ascetic, and influential lives41
10744665967Type of inca societysociety ruled as a Socialist type centralized state42
10744686144Inca religionInca gods Inti (sun god) and Viracocha (creator god) Other natural forces considered to be divine Animal/plant sacrifice Dead Inca Sapas guided state in death Moral thought (concept of good, bad, sin) -Concept of sin - violation of established order -Concept of after-death - punishment and reward -Rituals absolving sin - confession and penance -Similar to Catholicism43
10744700562QuipuAn arrangement of knotted strings on a cord, used by the Inca to record numerical information. Like binary Different "dialects" Length, color, position of cords; types of knots; and relationship of knots to each other Accounting quipu used by church/Spanish for taxes44
10744702758Inca coloniesColonies: Allyu and Mitmaq45
10744707186Ayllu-all Inca divided ionto social groups - Kinship groups spread across geography Each Ayllu: +claimed land at different elevations + insured a variety of produce +grazing land within ayllu held in common +farming land given to families based on size +Conquered peoples had their own ayllus similarly structured46
10744739355Mitmaq-Inca colonies - each ayllu contributed people -relocated to new territories -each new mitmaq required to bring lands under cultivation -each mitmaq served as a garrison to control new lands -each mitmaq spoke Quechua, Amyara, the Incan languages47
10744756282Where and What was Teotihuacana city Built in the highlands of Mexico Colossal pyramids of sun and moon dominated the skyline Between 400 and 600 CE the city had 200,000 inhabitants Paintings and murals reflect the importance of priests48
10744761456Teotihuacan societyRulers and priests dominated society Two-thirds of inhabitants worked in fields Famous for obsidian tools, orange pottery professional merchants No sign of military organization49
10744761457Teotihuacan cultureInherited Olmec's culture Honored earth god and rain god50
10744762777Teotihuacan declineMilitary pressure from other peoples since 500 CE Began to decline 650 CE Invaders came in the mid-8th century51
10744790015Mayan societyKings, priests, and hereditary nobility at the top Merchants were from the ruling class Elite served also as ambassadors Professional architects and artisans were important Peasants and slaves were majority of population52
10744798282Where did the Mayans live?highlands of Guatamala53
10744800987Mayan calendarMaya Calendar: Maya priests understood planetary cycles and could predict eclipses Besides the solar year, also had a ritual year of 260 days and 20 months Combined attributes of two calendars determined the fortune of activities54
10744815762Mayan religionreligious thought -Popol Vuh, a Maya creation myth -Gods created humans out of maize and water Gods maintained agricultural cycles -Gods placated -Exchanged for honors and sacrifices -Priests interpreted calendars Bloodletting rituals -Most important rituals, to honor the gods for rains -Sacrificing captives led to many wars for victims -Also voluntary blood shedding55
10744822034Mayan ballgameThe Maya ballgame: Played by two individuals or two teams Very popular, every ceremonial center had stone-paved courts56
10744825271Mayan writingMaya writing Contained both ideographic elements and symbols for syllables Maya scribes used writing extensively Only four books survived the destruction by Spanish conquerors57
10744834186TikalTikal (300-900 CE) Most important Maya political center Bustling city Population: 40,000 Enormous plazas, temples, pyramids, palaces58
10744835888warfare of MayansConstant warfare between cities for prestige Warriors won prestige Captives became slaves or sacrificial victims to gods59
10744838415Chichen ItzaRose as power by 9th century Organized loose empire in northern Yucatan60
10744840940Mayan declineBegan in 800 CE Mayas deserted their cities except Chichén Itzá Causes of decline are unknown61
10744847857Migration of AztecsCircular migration - sometimes starts in basin at Mexico at Colhuacan -means the place of the owners of grandfathers -often disguised as teo-true colhuacanClosest relatives in Arizona, NM Probably migrated because of drought Began in 1000 CE and arrived in Valley in 1250 CE Chichimec ancestry62
10744878322located in central MexicoAztecs or Mexica63
10744901559tribute and trade of AztecsTribute obligations were oppressive No bureaucracy or administration in empire No standing army Tribute from 489 subject territories Tribute flowed to Tenochtitlan64
10744908870aztec/ Mexica religionTezcatlipoca - giver/taker of life, patron deity of warriors Quetzalcóatl - supporter of arts, crafts, and agriculture Huitzilopochtli - the war god Human sacrifice was encouraged Had large temple at center of Tenochtitlan Hundreds of thousands sacrificed Ritual bloodletting Rivalry between Huitzilopochtli and Quetzalcóatl Quetzalcóatl was the protector of humans Tricked by some gods, fall from grace Driven into exile wiht promise to return65
10744912780social hierarchy of Mexica or AztecWarriors Top of hierarchy Great wealth, honor, and privileges Mexica women No public role Mothers of warriors were honored Honor of children was equal to capturing people in battle Priests Mexica elite Specialized in calendrical and ritual lore Advisers to Mexica rulers Occassionally became leaders themselves Cultivators and slaves Cultivators worked on chinamapas (small plots of reclaimed land) Worked on aristocrats' land Paid tribute and provided labor for public works Large number of slaves that worked as domestic servants Craftsmen and merchants Skilled craftsmen had some prestige Merchants supplied exotic goods and military intelligence but were viewed with suspicion as greedy profiters66
10744921943social hierarchy of Atecswarriors mexica women priests cultivators/slaves craftsmen and merchants67
10744939820Oxus or Amu Darya River valley- locationLocated in current-day northern Afghanistan and southern Turkmenistan68
10744942873Oxus or Amu Darya River valley- economyIrrigation agriculture Stock raising69
10744945641Oxus or Amu Darya River valley- cultureArchitecture Ceramics Burial techniques Seals although not literate Social hierarchy was existent70
10744945642Oxus or Amu Darya River valley- fortificationCenters were fortified and had residential compounds, artisan workshops, and temples surrounded by extensive walls and gates71
10744953996Oxus or Amu Darya River valley- trade and declineExchanged goods with China, India, Mesopotamia, forest dwellers in Siberia, and pastoral nomads of the steppe land; exchanged intellectually and commercially Faded away and cities were abandoned at about the same time as the Indus Valley (around 1700 BCE)72
10744978973Neolithic EraCalled "New Stone Age" and "Agricultural Revolution" Agriculture changed the way that people live by causing a sedentary lifestyle and advancing technologies73
10744977874Paleollithic EraCalled "Old Stone Age", "hunter-gatherer phase", "nomadic phase" Homo habilis - hominid (human-like) creature that learned to make stone tools about 2.3 million years ago Homo erectus - hominid species that migrated out of Africa about 1 million years ago Homo sapiens - hominid species that emerged 200,000-250,000 years ago in eastern and southern Africa They got their food by hunting and gathering They stopped moving around because the domestication of plants and animals caused a population boom that made it harder to move around74
10744983800Difference in primary and secondary sourcesPrimary - eyewitness/first-hand/original accounts Secondary - analysis or interpretation of/second-hand accounts75
10744993876Xia DynastyXia Dynasty is considered to be the first Chinese dynasty (2070-1600 BCE)76
10744995754subsequent dynasties after XiaShang (1600-1046 BCE), Zhou (1046-771 BCE)77
10745009208Chinese writing systemEarly Chinese writing has been found on "oracle bones" that were said to predict the future and help rulers make decisions78
10745007308political ideology of ChinaRulers are alled the "Son of Heaven" Said to serve as an intermediary between heaven and earth Ruled by the "Mandate of Heaven" if he ruled with benevolence and maintained social harmony in his land79
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AP World History Exam Review (Unit 1 & 2) Flashcards

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5650067775paleolithic(Old Stone Age) a long period of human development before the development of agriculturekinsh0
5650067776kinship groupsExtended families clustering to form clans and tribes in the Paleolithic era1
5650067777pastoralsocieties were characterized by the domestication of animals but they usually did not settle down and farm or build towns - nomadic, facilitated trade and spread technology, religions, and ideas2
5650067780metallurgythe science of working with metals3
5650067781agrarianrelating to land; relating to the management or farming of land4
5650067782elitePeople of wealth and power; upper class -- did not emerge until settled societies developed5
5650067783egalitarianbelieving in the social and economic equality of all people - existing before setting societies in hunter-gatherer groups6
5650067784patriarchya form of social organization in which the father is the supreme authority in the family, clan, or tribe and descent is reckoned in the male line, with the children belonging to the father's clan or tribe.7
5650067785Neolithic Revolution(10,000 - 8,000 BCE) The development of agriculture and the domestication of animals as a food source. This led to the development of permanent settlements and the start of civilization.8
5650067786specializationThe concentration of the productive efforts of individuals and firms on a limited number of activities; increases efficiency9
5650067787social hierarchyThe division of society by rank or class.10
5650067788social stratificationOne of two components, together with agricultural surplus, which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth, power, production, and prestige11
5650067789Mesopotamia(land between the rivers) The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers; birthplace of the Sumerian and Babylonian Civilizations. Participated in state expansion and empire building12
5650067790Ancient EgyptAn ancient civilization centered around the Nile River; unified by Menes around 3000 B.C.; divided into the old, middle, and new kingdoms; main gods included Osiris, Isis, Re, and Horus; believed in Divine Kingship; participated in state expansion and empire building13
5650067792monumental architectureLarge structures, such as pyramid, temples, public spaces, and large statues, that tend to appear wherever powerful leaders emerge; a feature of all agrarian civilizations.14
5650067793urban planningThe area of land use planning which explores several aspects of built and social environments of municipals and communities.15
5650067794Code of Hammurabicredited as the first written law code; written by a Babylonian king and established the basis for law codes16
5650067795ZoroastrianismOne of the first monotheistic religions, particularly one with a wide following. It was central to the political and religious culture of ancient Persia.17
5650067796JudaismA religion with a belief in one god. It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people. Yahweh was responsible for the world and everything within it. They preserved their early history in the Old Testament.18
5650067797Vedic religionThe ancient religion of the Aryan peoples who entered northwestern India from Persia c. 2000-1200 B.C.E. It was the precursor of Hinduism, and its beliefs and practices are contained in the Vedas19
5650067798diasporaany group migration or flight from a country or region; dispersion. Particularly used in relation to Jews scattered by Romans in 70 CE or to Africans spread to new places during the Atlantic Slave Trade.20
5650067799HinduismA religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation, karma, the caste system, and a supreme being who takes many forms21
5650067800BuddhismA religion with origins in IndiaMau in which Buddha's teachings that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire and suffering ceases when desire ceases. Enlightenment obtained through right conduct, wisdom, and meditation releases one from desire, suffering, and rebirth (reincarnation).22
5650067801Emperor AshokaMaurya empire of India (320-185 BC); greatest emperor of India; conversion to Buddhism and spread Buddhism throughout India by building shrines and pillars for Buddhists23
5650067802ConfucianismA philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct.24
5650067803five relationshipsConfucian philosophy about social order where everyone has a place and respect is paid to elders, parents, and the government. The relationships are, ruler to ruled, father to son, older brother to younger brother, husband to wife, friend to friend.25
5650067804filial pietyIn Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors.26
5650067805Mandate of HeavenA political theory developed during the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China in which those in power were believed to have the the right to rule from divine authority.27
5650067806ChristianityAn Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus as presented in the New Testament. Drew on Judaism and initially rejected Roman and Hellenistic influences. Spread through the efforts of missionaries and merchants. Eventually gained support by the time of Emperor Constantine.28
5650067807Greco-Roman philosophyemphasized logic, empirical observation, and the nature of political power and hierarchy29
5650067808monasticismLiving in a religious community apart from secular society and adhering to a rule stipulating chastity, obedience, and poverty. (Primary Centers of Learning in Medieval Europe) - occurred in Christian and Buddhist communities30
5650067809shamanismtribal religion; involves community acceptance of a shaman, religious leader, healer, and worker of magic who can intercede with the spirit world31
5650067810animismBelief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life.32
5650067811ancestor venerationWorship and respect for ancestors (occurred in African, Mediterranean, East Asia, and Andean societies during the classical time period)33
5650067812Roman architecturecopied Greeks, arch, barrel vault, groin vault, basilica, pilasters, podium34
5650067814Han Dynasty(202 BCE-220 CE) This dynasty continued the centralization of the Qin Dynasty, but focused on Confucianism and education instead of Legalism.35
5650067816Hellenistic Empire(The spread of Greek culture) of or relating to Greek history, language, and culture from the death of Alexander the Great to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony by Octavian in 31 BC. During this period Greek culture flourished, spreading through the Mediterranean and into the Near East and Asia and centering on Alexandria in Egypt and Pergamum in Turkey36
5650067817Mayans1500 B.C. to 900 A.D. This is the most advanced civilization of the time in the Western Hemisphere. Famous for its awe-inspiring temples, pyramids and cities. A complex social and political order.37
5650067818Greek city-statesPolis, farmer-warriors; culturally unified (Homer, language) but politically diverse (kingship and democracy), unified by a language, polytheistic religion, and culture - otherwise very distinct38
5650067819centralized governmentA government in which power is concentrated in a central authority to which local governments are subject (ex: China, Rome, Byzantines, etc)39
5650067820qanat systema traditional system of gravity-fed irrigation that uses gently sloping tunnels to capture groundwater and direct it to low-lying fields40
5650067821champa riceQuick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season. Originally introduced into Champa from India, it was later sent to China as a tribute gift by the Champa state (as part of the tributary system.)41
5650067822stirrupdevice for securing a horseman's feet, enabling him to wield weapons more effectively. First evidence of the use of stirrups was among the Kushan people of northern Afghanistan in approximately the first century C.E.42
5650067823lateen sailtriangular sail that made it possible to sail against the wind; used in the Indian Ocean trade43
5650067824dhow shipemerged in middle east; sturdy enough to carry a lateen sail to cross open water; vessel of commerce and used in indian ocean44
5650067826caste(n.) any of the social or subclasses of traditional Hindu society, such as the Brahman or Sudra castes; a social class distinct from others and characterized by hereditary rank, profession or wealth; (n.) a social position conferred on someone based on a system of castes45
5650067827Silk RoadAn ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire. Other info: facilitated by pastoral groups, trade of luxury goods, use of camel caravans46
5650067829Trans-Saharan traderoute across the sahara desert. Major trade route that traded for gold and salt, created caravan routes, economic benefit for controlling dessert, camels played a huge role in the trading47
5650067830Indian Ocean tradeConnected to Europe, Africa, and China. Worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion. Spices, slaves, silk, ivory, gold, and many other items crossed through the Indian Ocean, and the spread of Islam owed much to the trade network.48
5650067831Mediterranean sea lanesTrade routes that connected the Mediterranean civilizations together. The need for a sea rout for trade in the region. Trade increased and diffusion of cultures occurred49
5650067832GuptaPowerful Indian state based in the Ganges Valley. It controlled most of the Indian subcontinent through a combination of military force and its prestige as a center of sophisticated culture. Often associated with a Golden Age of classical India.50
5650067833Phoenicianslocated on eastern Mediterranean coast; invented the alphabet which used sounds rather than symbols like cuneiform51
5650067834collapse of classical empiresspread of disease, over-expansion, corrupt governments, invasions by nomadic/pastoral groups, over-taxation of peasants, food shortages52
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AP World History: Period 3 Flashcards

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5864766771MercantileRelated to commerce or trade0
5864766772Conduitsa channel for conveying cultural diffusion between socieities1
5864766773Pastoral GroupsNomadic groups that domesticated animals and sustained trade networks2
5864766774Interregionalmovement from one region of a country to another3
5864766775MuhammadFounder of Islam4
5864766776DiffusionMovement of culture from one area to another5
5864766777Silk RoadsA system of ancient caravan routes across Central Asia, along which traders carried luxury goods.6
5864766778Mediterranean Sea LanesTrade routes that connected Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa7
5864766779Trans-Saharan Trade Routestrade route stretching across the sahara, predominantly involve trade of gold and salt8
5864766780Indian Ocean Sea Laneslanes throughout the Indian Ocean connecting East Africa, southern Arabia, the Persian Gulf, India, Southeast Asia, and southern China9
5864766781Swahili City-StatesCity-states along the coast of Eastern Africa10
5864766782Veniceimportant Italian port for trade11
5864766783TenochtitlanMexica city, capital of the Aztec Empire12
5864766784Mesoamerica"Middle America" the region extending from modern-day Mexico through Central America13
5864766785Caravanseraisystem of rest stops caravans used for supplies and safety14
5864766786CompassDirectional tool developed by the Han Dynasty in East Asia15
5864766787AstrolabeAn instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets16
5864766788Creditthe ability of a customer to obtain goods or services before payment, based on the trust that payment will be made in the future.17
5864766789Monetizationestablishing something (e.g. gold or silver) as the legal tender of a country18
5864766790Bills of ExchangeCertificate saying you'll pay back a certain amount by a particular date19
5864766791Banking HouseThese European innovations developed during the Middle Ages to aid trade and manage credit, checks, and bills of exchange.20
5864766792Hanseatic LeagueAn economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century.21
5864766793Infrastructurethe basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.22
5864766794Grand CanalThe 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire.23
5864766795Byzantine EmpireThe eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived after the fall of the Western Empire at the end of the 5th century C.E. Its capital was Constantinople, named after the Emperor Constantine.24
5864766796CaliphatesThe political-religious state comprising the Muslim community and the lands and the peoples under its dominion during the centuries after Muhammad's death.25
5864766797MongolsPeople from Central Asia when united ended up creating the largest single land empire in history.26
5864766798Linguisticpertaining to language27
5864766799LongshipsNarrow boats that allowed the vikings to sail down thin rivers, and pillage inland villages28
5864766800VikingsInvaders of Europe that came from Scandinavia29
5864766801ArabsEthnic group native to the Middle East30
5864766802BerbersA member of a North African, primarily Muslim people living in settled or nomadic tribes from Morocco to Egypt31
5864766803SteppeA dry, grassy, treeless plain found in Asia and eastern Europe.32
5864766804BantuThe people who spread throughout Africa spreading agriculture, language, and iron.33
5864766805Maritimerelating to the sea34
5864766806Polynesiananything dealing with island in pacific-- language,culture,people35
5864766807IslamA monotheistic religion based on the belief that there is one God, Allah, and that Muhammad was Allah's prophet.36
5864766808Arabian PeninsulaArea of the middle east that is the birthplace of Islam and home of the Arabs37
5864766809MerchantA person who makes money by selling goods38
5864766810MissionaryAn individual who helps to diffuse a universalizing religion.39
5864766811Diasporic Communitiesimmigrants who have relocated from their ancestral homelands and retain their distinct cultural identities as ethnic minority groups in their new host countries40
5864766813Ibn BattutaMoroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan.41
5864766814Marco PoloVenetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade.42
5864766815XuanzangA famous Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveler, and translator who described the interaction between China and India in the early Tang period. He became famous for his 17 year trip to India and back.43
5864766816NeoconfucianismNeo-Confucianism developed both as a renaissance of traditional Confucian ideas, and as a reaction to the ideas of Buddhism and Daoism44
5864766817MexicaIndigenous peoples to northern Mesoamerica45
5864766819IberiaPeninsula in southwestern Europe occupied by Spain and Portugal46
5864766820al-AndalusIslamic Spain47
5864766821PathogenAn organism that causes disease48
5864766822Epidemic DiseaseMany people acquire the disease in a particular location49
5864766823Bubonic Plaguedisease brought to Europe from the Mongols during the Middle Ages. It killed 1/3 of the population and helps end Feudalism. Rats, fleas.50
5864766824Dar al-Islama term used by Muslim scholars to refer to those countries where Muslims can practice their religion freely51
5864766825Agrarianconcerning farms, farmers, or the use of land52
5864766826LegitimacyAcceptance of a ruler or government by the people.53
5864766827Tributary SystemA system in which areas not directly controlled by an empire give gifts or taxes in exchange for peace.54
5864766828KhanatesFour regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan.55
5864766829FeudalismA political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land56
5864766830AbbasidsA dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim Empire from 750 to about 1250.57
5864766831SultanateLand ruled by a sultan58
5864766832CrusadesA series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.59
5864766833Zheng HeAn imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa.60
5864766834UrbanizationAn increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.61
5864766835DemographicCharacteristics such as age, sex, income, location, education, and religion62
5864766836Coerced LaborWhen people are forced to work either as slaves or serfs.63
5864766837ChinampaRaised fields constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields.64
5864766839Terracingcreating flat platforms in the hillside that provide a level planting surface, which reduces soil runoff from the slope.65
5864766840Textilescloth items66
5864766841Porcelaina thin, beautiful pottery invented in China67
5864766842GuildA medieval organization of crafts workers or trades people.68
5864766843SerfdomA type of labor commonly used in feudal systems in which the laborers work the land in return for protection but they are bound to the land and are not allowed to leave or to peruse their a new occupation. This was common in early Medeival Europe as well as in Russia until the mid 19th century.69
5864766844Mit'alabor tax system used by the Incas70
5864766845Foot BindingPractice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household.71
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AP World History Vocab Flashcards

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10556568381Patriarchalrelating to a society in which men hold the greatest legal and moral authority0
10556575487Metallurgythe branch of science and technology concerned with the properties of metals and their production and purification.1
10556580750TextilesThe first industry to be industrialized in the 18th century. Clothes products2
10556607436Specializationthe concentration of the productive efforts of individuals and firms on a limited number of activities3
10556612060Labor surplusexists when the supply of labor is greater than the demand for it (supply > demand)4
10556618168Domesticationthe taming of animals for human use, such as work or as food5
10556621334nomadic pastoralisma form of pastoralism in which the whole social group (men, women, children) and their animals move in search of pasture.6
10556636084social stratificationthe division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy7
10556643514Quipuan ancient Inca device for recording information, consisting of variously colored threads knotted in different ways.8
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