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AP Test Flashcards

8773646665	Roosevelt Corollary	Warned of U.S. intervention in Latin American affairs when necessary	0
8773651266	Zimmermann Note	Proposed an alliance between Germany and Mexico during World War I	1
8773658005	Archduke Francis Ferdinand	His assassination sparked the declaration of World War I	2
8773674685	Espionage Act	Imposed sentences up to 20 years in prison for persons found guilty of aiding the enemy, obstructing recruitment of soldiers, or encouraging disloyalty during World War I	3
8773678005	Sedition Act	Imposed harsh penalties on anyone using "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the government, flag, or armed forces during World War I	4
8773696792	Great Migration	Movement of African Americans from the South to the North in search of jobs	5
8773700376	Fourteen Points	President Wilson's peace plan to avoid future wars	6
8773704514	Treaty of Versailles	Signed by Germany at the end of World War I; included a war-guilt clause and reparations	7
8773717746	Red Scare	Resulted from a fear of Communists from Russia (USSR)	8
8773728641	Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation	New Deal agency that insures bank accounts to $250,000	9
8773733273	Social Security Act	New Deal agency that provides old age pension and survivors benefits	10
8773767000	Franklin D. Roosevelt	Promised a "New Deal" for America	11
8773769243	New Deal	Programs to provide relief, reform, and recovery after the Great Depression	12
8773795643	Good Neighbor Policy	Promised Latin American countries a cooperative relationship with the U.S.	13
8773797215	Lend-Lease Act	Allowed President Franklin Roosevelt to provide arms to certain foreign countries without antagonizing American isolationists	14
8773806136	Manhattan Project	Code name for the atomic bomb project	15
8773844050	Rosie the Riveter	encouraged women to work in factories	16
8773859549	Cold War	Bitter state of indirect conflict that existed between the US and the USSR after WW2 that involved political conflict and military tensions	17
8773863531	NATO	Based on the idea of mutual defense against a Soviet attack	18
8773867267	Sputnik	First satellite	19
8773869484	Domino theory	If one country falls to communism then the next will fall and so on	20
8773875625	Joseph McCarthy	Leading figure of the Red Scare of the early 1950s	21
8773879032	Satellite nation	Eastern European countries whose governments were controlled by the USSR	22
8773881813	Containment	Policy of stopping the spread of communism	23
8773889042	Iron curtain	Represented a symbolic division of Europe	24
8773896843	GI Bill	Gave low-interest loans to veterans to go to college and buy a house	25
8773902290	Flappers	Women who changed values in the 1920s, asserted their independence, demanded more freedoms	26
8773909449	National Origins Act of 1924	Reduced immigration due to social tensions from World War I	27
8773925363	Dust Bowl	Caused farmers in the Midwest to lose their jobs and head West in search of jobs	28
8773932155	Baby boom	Caused the population to triple and families to move to the suburbs	29
8773946722	Civil Rights Act of 1964	Banned discrimination based on race, gender, religion, or nationality	30
8773951098	Betty Friedan	Wrote The Feminine Mystique that talked about the "problem that has no name"	31
8773956261	Gulf of Tonkin Resolution	Congressional act giving the President complete control over US intervention in Vietnam	32
8773962561	Cuban missile crisis	US announced a naval quarantine around Cuba and told the USSR not to cross with new weapons or US will attack	33
8773974540	Deterrence	Policy of making the US so powerful that no enemy would dare attack	34
8773981599	Counterculture	Rejected conventional norms and values and experimented with new ones in the 1960s	35
8773986925	Feminism	Political, economic, and social equality of men and women	36
8773997785	War Powers Resolution	Put limits on the President's power to make war	37
8774015456	Progressivism	Reform movement that sought to return control of the government to the people	38
8774041341	Détente	Relaxing of tensions with the USSR	39
8774055450	War on Terror	Occurred in response to 9/11 attacks	40
8774110733	Brown v. Board of Education	Desegregated schools	41
8774112923	Immigration Act of 1965	Ended immigration quotas	42
8774122514	Great Society	President Johnson's domestic program; included Medicare and Medicaid	43
8774136801	Conformity	Sense of uniformity in the 1950s in which Americans followed strict societal roles	44
8774174265	League of Nations	Peacekeeping organization formed after World War I	45
8774181186	Harlem Renaissance	Development of African American culture, literature, art	46
8774197827	Japanese Internment Camps	Resulted from fear from the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor	47
8774200032	Plessy v. Ferguson	Established the separate but equal doctrine	48
8774202297	Muckrakers	Journalists who wrote about corrupt business and questionable practices	49
8774204389	19th Amendment	Gave women the right to vote	50
8774226245	Pearl Harbor	Reason for US entry into World War II	51
8774229912	Axis Powers	Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II	52
8774234462	Allied Powers	USA, France, Britain, and USSR during World War II	53
8774247346	Cesar Chavez	Founder of United Farm Workers Organizing Committee; wanted better pay, working conditions, union recognition	54
8774260638	Sunbelt	Region stretching from the Carolinas to California that has seen growth since the 1960s due to favorable climate and cheaper labor	55
8774483628	D-day invasion	Led to liberation of France	56
8774487712	Nativism	Policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.	57
8774491696	William Levitt	Developer who mass produced homes	58
8774513441	Woodstock	Art and Music Fair for the counterculture	59

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AP Vocab (en la) Casa Flashcards

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4843376737	alfombra	rug	0
4843376738	almohada	pillow	1
4843376739	escensor (m)	elevator	2
4843376740	aspiradora	vacuum cleaner	3
4843376741	azotea	flat roof (of a house)	4
4843376742	balcón (m)	balcony	5
4843376743	bandeja	tray	6
4843376744	baño	bathroom	7
4843376745	barrer	to sweep	8
4843376746	batidora	blender	9
4843376747	bombilla	light bulb	10
4843376748	cafetera	coffee pot	11
4843376749	calefacción (f)	heating	12
4843376750	cazuela, cacerola	pan	13
4843376751	cenicero	ashtray	14
4843376752	césped	lawn	15
4843376753	cesto, canasta	basket	16
4843376754	clavo	nail	17
4843376755	cocina	kitchen	18
4843376756	colcha	bedspread	19
4843376757	colchón (m)	mattress	20
4843376758	comedor (m)	dining room	21
4843376759	corina	curtain	22
4843376760	corredor (m)	corridor	23
4843376761	cristal (m)	pane of glass	24
4843376762	cubiertos	silverware	25
4843376763	cubo	bucket, pail	26
4843376764	cuna	cradle	27
4843376765	chimenea	fireplace, chimney	28
4843376766	dormitorio, alcoba	bedroom	29
4843376767	ducha	shower	30
4843376768	enchufe (m)	socket, outlet	31
4843376769	entrada	hall, entrance	32
4843376770	escalera	staircase, ladder	33
4843376771	escoba	broom	34
4843376772	espejo	mirror	35
4843376773	estufa, cocina	stove	36
4843376774	fachada	facade, front	37
4843376775	florero	vase	38
4843376776	fregadero	kitchen sink	39
4843376777	funda	pillowcase	40
4843376778	garaje (m)	garage	41
4843376779	grifo	faucet	42
4843376780	habitación (f), cuarto	room	43
4843376781	hierba	grass	44
4843376782	horno	oven	45
4843376783	jabón (m)	soap	46
4843376784	lámpara	lamp	47
4843376785	lavamanos (m)	bathroom sink	48
4843376786	lavaplatos (m)	dishwasher	49
4843376787	luz (f)	light	50
4843376788	llave (f)	key	51
4843376789	manta	blankey	52
4843376790	mantel (m)	tablecloth	53
4843376791	martillo	hammer	54
4843376792	nevera	icebox, refrigerator	55
4843376793	olla	pot	56
4843376794	pared (f)	wall	57
4843376795	pasillo	hall	58
4843376796	percha	hanger	59
4843376797	persianas	blinds	60
4843376798	pisapapeles (m)	paperweight	61
4843376799	piso	floor (as in level or story)	62
4843376800	piscina	swimming pool	63
4843376801	plancha	iron	64
4843376802	planta	plant, (floor) (as in level or story)	65
4843376803	refrigerador (m)	refrigerator	66
4843376804	sábana	sheet (of a bed)	67
4843376805	sala	living room	68
4843376806	sartén (f)	frying pan	69
4843376807	sótano	basement, cellar	70
4843376808	suelo	floor	71
4843376809	techo	ceiling, roof	72
4843376810	tejado	roof	73
4843376811	teléfono	telephone	74
4843376812	timbre (m)	doorbell	75
4843376813	toalla	towel	76
4843376814	tocadiscos (m)	record player	77
4843376815	toldo	awning	78
4843376816	tornillo	screw	79
4843376817	tuerca	nut	80
4843376818	umbral (m)	theshold	81
4843376819	vajilla	table service, dinner service	82
4843376820	ventana	window	83
4843376821	vestíbulo	vestibule, lobby, hall	84

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AP Flashcards

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6967892880	Demographic transition	look at pick	0
6967899323	Epidemiological transition	epidemiological transition is a phase of development witnessed by a sudden and stark increase in population growth rates brought by medical innovation in disease or sickness therapy and treatment	1
6967907619	Where is life expectancy the lowest?	sub Saharan Africa	2
6967914684	Low rates of contraception = low status of women	basically women have no rights	3
6967922847	Population pyramids	look at picture	4
6967931706	Most populous countries in the world	China, India, United States and Indonesia	5
6967978306	Many less developed countries fear the loss of folk culture because	they do not want to preserve traditional values	6
6967981566	Which religions have pork taboos?	Jewish	7
6967990151	English is in which language family?	English is in which language family	8
6968013310	Why is the U.S. population growing?	immigration	9
6968017520	What languages are important in South America?	Spanish, Portuguese, French, English, Dutch	10
6968035217	World's largest state	Russia	11
6968038634	Elongated states in South America	Chile	12
6968054912	Agriculture found in LDCs	plantations	13
6968060275	Industrial Revolution	which took place from the 18th to 19th centuries, was a period during which predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban.	14
6968109839	Shape used to represent market areas	hexogon	15
6968112094	World's lingua franca	English	16
6968130317	Largest polytheistic religion	Buddhism	17

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AP Physics: Work and Energy Flashcards

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8237159968	Kinetic Energy Formula	1/2 mv^2	0
8237159969	The Two Forms of Kinetic Energy	Translational (when an object's center of mass is moving) and Rotational (when an object rotates)	1
8237159971	Define Gravitational Potential Energy (Ug)	Energy stored in a gravitational field	2
8237159972	Ug Formula near a planet	mgh	3
8237159974	Define Elastic Potential Energy (or, Spring Potential Energy (Us))	Energy stored by a spring	4
8237159975	Us Formula	1/2 kx^2	5
8237159979	Define Mechanical Energy	refers to the sum of potential and kinetic energies	6
8237159980	Define work	work is done when a force acts on something that moves in a distance parallel to that force	7
8237159981	Define Power	energy used per second, or work done per second	8
8237159982	Work Formula(s)	Work = force times parallel displacements, so W=Fd, or W=Fdcosx	9
8237159983	Explain negative vs. positive work	When a force is exerted in the same direction as the object's motion, the work done is considered to be a positive quantity; when a force is exerted in the opposite direction of the object's motion, the work done is considered to be negative.	10
8237159984	Define Net Work	The algebraic sum of the work done by each force	11

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APES Biome Review Flashcards

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5300840788	Boreal forest (taiga) - Abiotic factors	Long, cold winters; Short, mild summers; Acidic, nutrient-poor soils	0
5300843919	Boreal forest (taiga) - Dominant plants	Coniferous trees like spruce & fir; Small, berry-bearing shrubs	1
5300865442	Boreal forest (taiga) - Animal adaptations	Thick fur on year-round residents like bears, wolves, moose & lynx; Caribou migrate here in winter	2
5300870420	Boreal forest (taiga) - Human impacts	Logging; Mining; Oil & gas exploration/extraction	3
5300844810	Tropical rainforest - Abiotic factors	Warm & wet year-round; Thin, nutrient-poor soils	4
5300845153	Tropical rainforest - Dominant plants	Broad-leaved evergreen trees; Ferns, vines & climbing plants	5
5300871677	Tropical rainforest - Animal adaptations	High diversity of canopy dwellers (birds, insects, bats) due to variety of shelter, fruits & flowers	6
5300875892	Tropical rainforest - Human impacts	Logging for cattle grazing, agriculture or timber; Conversion into monoculture tree plantations	7
5300879153	Temperate deciduous forest - Abiotic factors	Cold winters; Warm summers; Year-round precipitation; Fertile soils	8
5300881680	Temperate deciduous forest - Dominant plants	Broadleaf deciduous trees with some conifers; Flowering shrubs & mosses & ferns on ground layer	9
5300882827	Temperate deciduous forest - Animal adaptations	Small mammals dominate after removal of large predators; Birds often migrate here in summer to breed & feed	10
5300885569	Temperate deciduous forest - Human impacts	Cleared for agricultural land or urban development	11
5300886584	Tropical savanna - Abiotic factors	Warm temperatures; Seasonal rainfall; Compact soil; Frequent fires set by lightning	12
5300888739	Tropical savanna - Dominant plants	Tall, perennial grasses with occasional drought-tolerant & fire-resistant trees (like acacia)	13
5300891686	Tropical savanna - Animal adaptations	Herds of animals such as gazelles, zebras, and antelopes migrate to find food & water in dry season	14
5300895947	Tropical savanna - Human impacts	Overgrazing by livestock	15
5300900000	Desert - Abiotic factors	Low precipitation; Variable temperatures; Soils rich in minerals but poor in organic material	16
5300900001	Desert - Dominant plants	Cacti & other succulents; Creosote bush & other plants with short growth cycles	17
5300900580	Desert - Animal adaptations	Large ears to release heat; Inactive during day; Thick skin to prevent water loss	18
5300900581	Desert - Human impacts	Slow recovery after disturbance from off-road vehicles or mining	19
5300901277	Chaparral - Abiotic factors	Warm to hot summers; Cool, moist winters; Periodic fire; Thin, nutrient-poor soils	20
5300901278	Chaparral - Dominant plants	Woody evergreen shrubs with small, leathery leaves; Fragrant, oily herbs that grow during winter and die in summer	21
5300901921	Chaparral - Animal adaptations	Animals forage over sparse vegetation; typically inactive during the day; adapted to frequent fires	22
5300901922	Chaparral - Human impacts	Often used for urban development due to mild climate	23
5300904270	Tundra - Abiotic factors	Low precipitation; Short, soggy summers; Long, cold winters; Rocky, acidic soils & strong winds	24
5300904271	Tundra - Dominant plants	Thick mat of low-lying plants, mosses, lichens & grasses	25
5300904718	Tundra - Animal adaptations	Migration to take advantage of seasonal wetlands & growth during short summers	26
5300904719	Tundra - Human impacts	Release of greenhouse gases from melting permafrost; oil & gas exploration	27
5300909752	Temperate grassland - Abiotic factors	Warm to hot summers; Cold winters; Moderate, seasonal precipitation; Fertile soils; Occasional fires	28
5300910206	Temperate grassland - Dominant plants	Lush, perennial grasses & herbs; Most are resistant to drought, fire & cold	29
5300910207	Temperate grassland - Animal adaptations	Teeth adapted to feeding primarily on grasses; Small mammals often burrow to protect themselves from predators	30
5300910794	Temperate grassland - human impacts	Cleared primarily for growing crops or grazing cattle due to fertile soils	31

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AP Psychology - Memory Flashcards

Advanced Placement Psychology
Enterprise High School, Redding, CA
All terms from Myers Psychology for AP (BFW Worth, 2011)

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4877290210	memory	the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information.	0
4877290211	encoding	the processing of information into the memory system—for example, by extracting meaning.	1
4877290212	storage	the retention of encoded information over time.	2
4877290213	retrieval	the process of getting information out of memory storage.	3
4877290214	sensory memory	the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system.	4
4877290215	short-term memory	activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten.	5
4877290216	long-term memory	the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.	6
4877290217	working memory	a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory.	7
4877290218	automatic processing	unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings.	8
4877290219	effortful processing	encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.	9
4877290220	rehearsal	the conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage.	10
4877290221	spacing effect	the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice.	11
4877290222	serial position effect	our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list.	12
4877290223	visual encoding	the encoding of picture images.	13
4877290224	acoustic encoding	the encoding of sound, especially the sound of words.	14
4877290225	semantic encoding	the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words.	15
4877290226	imagery	mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding.	16
4877290227	mnemonics	memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices.	17
4877290228	chunking	organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically.	18
4877290229	iconic memory	a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second.	19
4877290230	echoic memory	A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds.	20
4877290231	long-term potentiation (LTP)	an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory.	21
4877290232	flashbulb memory	a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event.	22
4877290233	amnesia	the loss of memory.	23
4877290234	implicit memory	retention independent of conscious recollection. (Also called procedural memory.)	24
4877290235	explicit memory	memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare." (Also called declarative memory.)	25
4877290236	hippocampus	a neural center that is located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage.	26
4877290237	recall	a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test.	27
4877290238	recognition	a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test.	28
4877290239	relearning	a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time.	29
4877290240	priming	the activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory.	30
4877290241	déjà vu	that eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience.	31
4877290242	mood-congruent memory	the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood.	32
4877290243	proactive interference	the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information.	33
4877290244	retroactive interference	the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information.	34
4877290245	repression	in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness.	35
4877290246	misinformation effect	incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event.	36
4877290247	source amnesia (source misattribution)	attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined. (Also called source misattribution.) Source amnesia, along with the misinformation effect, is at the heart of many false memories.	37
4877290248	serial processing	occurs when the brain computes information step-by-step in a methodical and linear matter	38

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AP Biology - Photosynthesis Flashcards

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5406106435	photoautotrophs	organisms that produce their own food using light energy - plants, protists, and algae	0
5406106436	mesophyll	inner tissue of a leaf, contain many chloroplasts	1
5406106437	stroma	fluid that fills the inner area of a chloroplast	2
5406106438	thylakoids	found in stacks in the chloroplast where the light reactions occur. Disk-shaped sacks.	3
5406106439	grana	stacks of thylakoids	4
5406106440	chlorophyll	pigment that absorbs light energy to power the light reactions of photosynthesis	5
5406106441	stomata	pores in the epidermis of a leaf that allow water to leave the plant and carbon dioxide to enter it	6
5406106442	light dependent reactions	reactions that use water to create ATP and NADPH for use in the calvin cycle	7
5406106443	NADP+	an electron acceptor that is reduced and is used to fuel the calvin cycle	8
5406106444	calvin cycle	the series of reactions where ATP and NADPH are used to form G3P which is then used to form glucose and other organic molecules	9
5406106445	carbon fixation	reaction that uses co2 to make PGA (involves enzyme Rubisco)	10
5406106446	absorption spectrum	the range of wavelengths absorbed by a particular pigment	11
5406106447	chloroplast	the organelle where photosynthesis takes place	12
5406106448	products of light reactions	NADPH + ATP + O2	13
5406106449	reactants of calvin cycle	NADPH + ATP + CO2	14
5406106450	water	this molecule is split during the light reactions to replace electrons lost from Photosystem II	15
5406106451	photosystem II	The location of water splitting. Electrons from here move down an electron transport chain, so that chemiosmosis can produce ATP.	16
5406106452	p700	this is the special chlorophyll that is located in photosystem I	17
5406106453	p680	this is the special chlorophyll that is located in photosystem II	18
5406106454	chemoautotroph	organisms that produce their own food using inorganic materials - thermophilic Archaea	19
5406106455	guard cells	cells responsible for opening and closing stomata	20
5406106456	photorespiration	process where o2 gets substituted for CO2 in the calvin cycle	21
5406106457	c3 plants	these plants have stomata open during the day and are most efficient in cool/moist conditions in normal light	22
5406106458	c4 plants	these plants have stomata open during the day, but barely open on hot days, work best in high temps; use H20 better	23
5406106459	CAM plants	these plants only have stomata open at night, convert co2 to an acid that is then broken down during the day - work well in dry conditions	24
5406109476	Light Dependent Reactions (image)		25
5406111800	Calvin Cycle (image)		26
5406113850	Chloroplast (image)		27
5406115786	Photosynthesis equation		28
5406119631	Stomata (image)		29
5454865169	Malate	Acid made by C4 plants in mesophyll cells. Stored by CAM plants at night inside vacuoles.	30
5454880644	C4 Plant examples	Corn, sugarcane, some turf grasses	31
5454887541	CAM Plant examples	Cactus, pineapple trees, Aloe	32
5454891997	Non-cyclic Electron Flow	Electrons move from water to Photosystem II to Photosystem I (NORMAL Light Reactions)	33
5454903927	Cyclic Electron Flow	Electrons from Photosystem I establish a H+ gradient to make ATP. NADPH is NOT made. Water is NOT split.	34

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AP Psychology: AP Review Flashcards

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6729458535	psychology	the study of behavior and mental processes	0
6729458536	psychology's biggest question	Which is more important in determining behavior, nature or nurture?	1
6729458537	psychology's three levels of analysis	biopsychosocial approach (looks at the biological, psychological, and social-cultural approaches together)	2
6729458538	biological approach	genetics, close-relatives, body functions	3
6729458539	evolutionary approach	species - helped with survival (ancestors)	4
6729458540	psychodynamic approach	(Freud) subconscious, repressed feelings, unfulfilled wishes	5
6729458541	behavioral approach	learning (classical and operant) observed	6
6729458542	cognitive approach	thinking affects behavior	7
6729458543	humanistic approach	becoming a better human (behavior, acceptance)	8
6729458544	social-cultural approach	cultural, family, environment	9
6729458545	two reasons of why experiments are important	hindsight bias + overconfidence	10
6729458546	types of research methods	descriptive, correlational, and experimental	11
6729458547	descriptive methods	case study survey naturalistic observation (DON'T SHOW CAUSE/EFFECT)	12
6729458548	case study	studies one person in depth may not be typical of population	13
6729458549	survey	studies lots of people not in depth	14
6729458550	naturalistic observation	observe + write facts without interference	15
6729458551	correlational method	shows relation, but not cause/effect scatterplots show research	16
6729458552	correlation coefficient	+ 1.0 (both increase) 0 (no correlation - 1.0 (one increases, other decreases)	17
6729458553	experimental method	does show cause and effect	18
6729458554	population	type of people who are going to be used in experiment	19
6729458555	sample	actual people who will be used (randomness reduces bias)	20
6729458556	random assignment	chance selection between experimental and control groups	21
6729458557	control group	not receiving experimental treatment receives placebo	22
6729458558	experimental group	receiving treatment/drug	23
6729458559	independent variable	drug/procedure/treatment	24
6729458560	dependent variable	outcome of using the drug/treatment	25
6729458561	confounding variable	can affect dependent variable beyond experiment's control	26
6729458562	scientific method	theory hypothesis operational definition revision	27
6729458563	theory	general idea being tested	28
6729458564	hypothesis	measurable/specific	29
6729458565	operational definition	procedures that explain components	30
6729458566	mode	appears the most	31
6729458567	mean	average	32
6729458568	median	middle	33
6729458569	range	highest - lowest	34
6729458570	standard deviation	how scores vary around the mean	35
6729458571	central tendency	single score that represents the whole	36
6729458572	bell curve	(natural curve)	37
6729458573	ethics of testing on animals	need to be treated humanly basically similar to humans	38
6729458574	ethics of testing on humans	consent debriefing no unnecessary discomfort/pain confidentiality	39
6729458575	sensory neurons	travel from sensory receptors to brain	40
6729458576	motor neurons	travel from brain to "motor" workings	41
6729458577	interneurons	(in brain and spinal cord) connecting motor and sensory neurons	42
6729458578	neuron		43
6729458579	dendrites	receive messages from other neurons	44
6729458580	myelin sheath	protects the axon	45
6729458581	axon	where charges travel from cell body to axon terminal	46
6729458582	neurotransmitters	chemical messengers	47
6729458583	reuptake	extra neurotransmitters are taken back	48
6729458584	excitatory charge	"Let's do it!"	49
6729458585	inhibitory charge	"Let's not do it!"	50
6729458586	central nervous system	brain and spinal cord	51
6729458587	peripheral nervous system	somatic nervous system autonomic nervous system	52
6729458588	somatic nervous system	voluntary movements	53
6729458589	autonomic nervous system	involuntary movements (sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems)	54
6729458590	sympathetic nervous system	arousing	55
6729458591	parasympathetic nervous system	calming	56
6729458592	neural networks	more connections form with greater use others fall away if not used	57
6729458593	spinal cord	expressway of information bypasses brain when reflexes involved	58
6729458594	endocrine system	slow uses hormones in the blood system	59
6729458595	master gland	pituitary gland	60
6729458596	brainstem	extension of the spinal cord responsible for automatic survival	61
6729458597	reticular formation (if stimulated)	sleeping subject wakes up	62
6729458598	reticular formation (if damaged)	coma	63
6729458599	brainstem (if severed)	still move (without purpose)	64
6729458600	thalamus	sensory switchboard (does not process smell)	65
6729458601	hypothalamus	basic behaviors (hunger, thirst, sex, blood chemistry)	66
6729458602	cerebellum	nonverbal memory, judge time, balance emotions, coordinate movements	67
6729458603	cerebellum (if damaged)	difficulty walking and coordinating	68
6729458604	amygdala	aggression, fear, and memory associated with these emotions	69
6729458605	amygdala (if lesioned)	subject is mellow	70
6729458606	amygdala (if stimulated)	aggressive	71
6729458607	hippocampus	process new memory	72
6729458608	cerebrum	two large hemispheres perceiving, thinking, and processing	73
6729458609	cerebral cortex	only in higher life forms	74
6729458610	association areas	integrate and interpret information	75
6729458611	glial cells	provide nutrients to myelin sheath marks intelligence higher proportion of glial cells to neurons	76
6729458612	frontal lobe	judgement, personality, processing (Phineas Gage accident)	77
6729458613	parietal lobe	math and spatial reasoning	78
6729458614	temporal lobe	audition and recognizing faces	79
6729458615	occipital lobe	vision	80
6729458616	corpus callosum	split in the brain to stop hyper-communication (eliminate epileptic seizures)	81
6729458617	Wernicke's area	interprets auditory and hearing	82
6729458618	Broca's area	speaking words	83
6729458619	plasticity	ability to adapt if damaged	84
6729458620	sensation	what our senses tell us	85
6729458621	bottom-up processing	senses to brain	86
6729458622	perception	what our brain tells us to do with that information	87
6729458623	top-down processing	brain to senses	88
6729458624	inattentional blindness	fail to "gorilla" because attention is elsewhere	89
6729458625	cocktail party effect	even with tons of stimuli, we are able to pick out our name, etc.	90
6729458626	change blindness	giving directions and person is changed and we don't notice	91
6729458627	choice blindness	when defending the choice we make, we fail to notice choice was changed	92
6729458628	absolute threshold	minimum stimulation needed in order to notice 50% of the time	93
6729458629	signal detection theory	we notice what is more important to us (rather hear a baby crying)	94
6729458630	JND (just noticeable difference)	(Weber's law) difference between different stimuli noticed in proportion	95
6729458631	sensory adaptation	tired of noticing (Brain says, "Been there, done that. Next?"	96
6729458632	rods	night time	97
6729458633	cones	color	98
6729458634	parallel processing	notice color, form, depth, movement, etc.	99
6729458635	Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory	3 corresponding color receptors (RGB)	100
6729458636	Hering's opponent-process theory	after image in opposite colors (RG, YB, WB)	101
6729458637	trichromatic + opponent-process	Young-Helmholtz -> color stimuli Hering -> en route to cortex	102
6729458638	frequency we hear most	human voice	103
6729458639	Helmoltz (hearing)	we hear different pitches in different places in basilar membrane (high pitches)	104
6729458640	frequency theory	impulse frequency (low pitches)	105
6729458641	Helmholtz + frequency theory	middle pitches	106
6729458642	Skin feels what?	warmth, cold, pressure, pain	107
6729458643	gate-control theory	small fibers - pain large fibers - other senses	108
6729458644	memory of pain	peaks and ends	109
6729458645	smell	close to memory section (not in thalamus)	110
6729458646	grouping	Gestalt make sense of pieces create a whole	111
6729458647	grouping groups	proximity similarity continuity connectedness closure	112
6729458648	make assumptions of placement	higher - farther smaller - farther blocking - closer, in front	113
6729458649	perception =	mood + motivation	114
6729458650	consciousness	awareness of ourselves and the environment	115
6729458651	circadian rhythm	daily biological clock and regular cycle (sleep and awake)	116
6729458652	circadian rhythm pattern	- activated by light - light sensitive retinal proteins signal brains SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus) - pineal gland decreases melatonin	117
6729458653	What messes with circadian rhythm?	artificial light	118
6729458654	The whole sleep cycle lasts how long?	90 minutes	119
6729458655	sleep stages	relaxed stage (alpha waves) stage 1 (early sleep) (hallucinations) stage 2 (sleep spindles - bursts of activity) (sleep talk) stage 3 (transition phase) (delta waves) stage 4 (delta waves) (sleepwalk/talk + wet the bed) stage 5 (REM) (sensory-rich dreams) (paradoxical sleep)	120
6729458656	purpose of sleep	1. recuperation - repair neurons and allow unused neural connections to wither 2. making memories 3. body growth (children sleep more)	121
6729458657	insomnia	can't sleep	122
6729458658	narcolepsy	fall asleep anywhere at anytime	123
6729458659	sleep apnea	stop breathing in sleep	124
6729458660	night terrors	prevalent in children	125
6729458661	sleepwalking/sleeptalking	hereditary - prevalent in children	126
6729458662	dreaming (3)	1. vivid bizarre intense sensory experiences 2. carry fear/survival issues - vestiges of ancestors' survival ideas 2. replay previous day's experiences/worries	127
6729458663	purpose of dreaming (5 THEORIES)	1. physiological function - develop/preserve neural pathways 2. Freud's wish-fulfillment (manifest/latent content) 3. activation synthesis - make sense of stimulation originating in brain 4. information processing 5. cognitive development - reflective of intelligence	128
6729458664	1. Can hypnosis bring you back in time? 2. Can hypnosis make you do things you wouldn't normally do? 3. Can it alleviate pain? 4. What state are you in during hypnosis? 5. Who is more susceptible?	1. cannot take you back in time 2. cannot make you do things you won't do 3. can alleviate pain 4. fully conscious ((IMAGINATIVE PEOPLE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE))	129
6729458665	depressants	slows neural pathways	130
6729458666	alcohol	((depressant)) disrupts memory formation (REM) lowers inhibition expectancy effect	131
6729458667	barbituates (tranquilizers)	((depressant)) reduce anxiety	132
6729458668	opiates	((depressant)) pleasure reduce anxiety/pain	133
6729458669	stimulants	hypes neural processing	134
6729458670	methamphetamine	((stimulant)) heightens energy euphoria affects dopamine	135
6729458671	caffeine	((stimulant))	136
6729458672	nicotine	((stimulant)) CNS releases neurotransmitters calm anxiety reduce pain affects (nor)epinephrine and dopamine	137
6729458673	cocaine	((stimulant)) euphoria affects dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine	138
6729458674	hallucinogen	excites neural activity	139
6729458675	ecstasy	((hallucinogen)) reuptake is blocked affects dopamine and serotonin	140
6729458676	LSD	((hallucinogen)) affects sensory/emotional "trip" (+/-) affects serotonin	141
6729458677	marijuana	((hallucinogen)) amplify sensory experience disrupts memory formation	142
6729458678	learning	organism changing behavior due to experience (association of events)	143
6729458679	types of learning	classical operant observational	144
6729458680	famous classical psychologists	Pavlov and Watson	145
6729458681	famous operant psychologist	Skinner	146
6729458682	famous observational psychologists	Bandura	147
6729458683	classical conditioning	outside stimulus	148
6729458684	Pavlov's experiment	Step 1: US (food) -> UR (salivation) Step 2: NS (bell) -> US (food) -> UR (salivation) Later... CS (bell) -> CR (salivation)	149
6729458685	Watson's experiment	white rat was given to Little Albert Step 1: US (noise) -> UR (cry) Step 2: NS (rat) -> US (noise) -> UR (cry) Later... CS (rat) -> CR (cry)	150
6729458686	generalization	any small, white fluffy creature will make Albert cry now	151
6729458687	discriminate	any large, white fluffy creature won't make Albert cry	152
6729458688	extinction	stop "treating" with conditioned response	153
6729458689	spontaneous recovery	bring stimulus back after a while	154
6729458690	operant conditioning	control by organism	155
6729458691	Skinner's experiment	operant chamber / Skinner box (lead to shaping)	156
6729458692	shaping	get animal closer to doing what you want them to do	157
6729458693	reinforcers	want to continue behavior (positive reinforcement: give money to do laundry) (negative reinforcement: do to avoid nagging)	158
6729458694	punishments	want to stop behavior (positive reinforcement: smack) (negative reinforcement: take away phone)	159
6729458695	fixed ratio	happens a certain number of times (Starbucks punch card)	160
6729458696	variable ratio	happens an unpredictable number of times (winning the lottery)	161
6729458697	organism must do these (2 times)	fixed ratio and variable ratio	162
6729458698	fixed interval	happens at a certain time (mailman comes to the house at 10:00 AM)	163
6729458699	variable interval	happens at any time (receive texts from friends)	164
6729458700	these things happen regardless (2 times)	fixed interval and variable interval	165
6729458701	Which (fixed/variable) conditions better?	variable	166
6729458702	criticisms of Skinner	doesn't take into account intrinsic motivation	167
6729458703	intrinsic motivation	doing something for yourself, not the reward	168
6729458704	extrinsic motivation	doing something for reward	169
6729458705	Skinner's legacy	use it personally, at school, and at work	170
6729458706	famous observational experiment	Bandura's Bobo doll	171
6729458707	famous observational psychologist	Bandura	172
6729458708	mirror neurons	"feel" what is observed happens in higher order animals	173
6729458709	Bobo doll experiment legacy	violent video games/movies desensitize us see good: do good see evil: do evil	174
6729458710	observational learning	biological behaviors work best	175
6729458711	habituation	get used to it -> stop reacting	176
6729458712	examples for observational learning	lectures and reading	177
6729458713	serotonin involved with memory	speeds the connection between neurons	178
6729458714	LTP	((long-term potentiation)) strengthens potential neural forming (associated with speed)	179
6729458715	CREB	protein that can switch genes on/off with memory and connection of memories	180
6729458716	glutamate involved with memory	neurotransmitter that enhances LTP	181
6729458717	glucose involved with memory	released during strong emotions ((signaling important event to be remembered))	182
6729458718	flashbulb memory	type of memory remembered because it was an important/quick moment	183
6729458719	amygdala (memory)	boosts activity of proteins in memory-forming areas to fight/flight	184
6729458720	cerebellum (memory)	forms and stores implicit memories ((classical conditioning))	185
6729458721	hippocampus (memory)	active during sleep (forming memories) ((information "moves" after 48 hours))	186
6729458722	memory	learning over time contains information that can be retrieved	187
6729458723	processing stages	encoding -> storage -> retrieval	188
6729458724	encoding	information going in	189
6729458725	storage	keeping information in	190
6729458726	retrieval	taking information out	191
6729458727	How long is sensory memory stored?	seconds	192
6729458728	How long is short-term memory stored?	less than a minute	193
6729458729	How many bits of information is stored in short-term memory?	7	194
6729458730	How many chunks of information is stored in short-term memory?	4	195
6729458731	How many seconds of words is stored in short-term memory?	2	196
6729458732	short term memory goes to ______________	working memory	197
6729458733	working memory	make a connection and process information to mean something	198
6729458734	working memory goes to _________________	long-term memory	199
6729458735	How much is stored in long-term memory?	LIMITLESS	200
6729458736	implicit memory	naturally do	201
6729458737	explicit memory	need to explain	202
6729458738	automatic processing	space, time, frequency, well-learned information	203
6729458739	effortful processing	processing that requires effort	204
6729458740	spacing effect	spread out learning over time	205
6729458741	serial position effect	primary/recency effect	206
6729458742	primary effect	remember the first things in a list	207
6729458743	recency effect	remember the last things in a list	208
6729458744	effortful processing (4 things)	1. recency effect 2. spacing effect 3. testing effect 4. serial position effect	209
6729458745	semantic encoding (1) meaning (2) how to	make meaning out of something --- chunk, hierarchy, or connect to you	210
6729458746	if we can't remember a memory...	1. change memory to suit us 2. fill in the blanks with logical story	211
6729458747	misinformation effect	not correct information	212
6729458748	imagination inflation	imagine or visualize something that isn't real	213
6729458749	source amnesia	what is the truth? (is it a dream, story, memory, etc.?)	214
6729458750	priming	association (setting you up)	215
6729458751	context	environment helps with memory	216
6729458752	state-dependency	you may remember something if you go back to the state you were in (go back to high)	217
6729458753	mood-congruency	emotion will bring back similar emotional memories	218
6729458754	forgetting curve	forget after 5 days forget after 5 years	219
6729458755	the forgetting curve was created by	Ebbinghaus	220
6729458756	proactive interference	old information interferes with the new	221
6729458757	retroactive interference	new information interferes with the old	222
6729458758	children can't remember before age __	3	223
6729458759	Loftus	connected to abuse cases/childhood	224
6729458760	prototypes	generalize	225
6729458761	problem-solving (4)	trial + error algorithms heuristic (representative + availability) insight - "AHA!"	226
6729458762	against problem-solving	fixation	227
6729458763	mental set	what has worked in the past	228
6729458764	functional fixedness	only way to do this is with this	229
6729458765	Chomsky (nature or nurture?)	"born with language" (nature)	230
6729458766	Skinner (nature or nurture?)	language is learned (nurture)	231
6729458767	grammar is _________	universal	232
6729458768	phonemes	smallest sound unit	233
6729458769	morphemes	smallest meaning unit	234

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AP Government Court Cases Flashcards

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6729851029	Engel v Vitale	First Amendment/Establishment Clause - Government-directed prayer in public schools violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, even if the prayer is denominationally neutral and students may remain silent or be excused from the classroom during its recitation.	0
6729851030	Lemon v Kurtzman	First Amendment/Establishment Clause - For a law to be considered constitutional under the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, the law must have a legitimate secular purpose, must not have the primary effect of either advancing or inhibiting religion, and also must not result in an excessive entanglement of government and religion.	1
6729851031	Wallace v Jaffree	First Amendment/Establishment Clause - silent prayer in schools case, State endorsement of prayer activities in schools is prohibited by the First Amendment.	2
6729851032	Lee v Weisman	First Amendment/Establishment Clause - schools may not sponsor clerics to conduct even non-denominational prayer	3
6729851033	Reynolds v U.S.	First Amendment/Free Exercise Clause - the statute can punish criminal activity without regard to religious belief. The First Amendment protected religious belief, but it did not protect religious practices that were judged to be criminal such as bigamy. Those who practice polygamy could no more be exempt from the law than those who may wish to practice human sacrifice as part of their religious belief.	4
6729851034	Employment Division v Smith	First Amendment/Free Exercise Clause - determined that the state could deny unemployment benefits to a person fired for violating a state prohibition on the use of peyote, even though the use of the drug was part of a religious ritual. Although states have the power to accommodate otherwise illegal acts done in pursuit of religious beliefs, they are not required to do so.	5
6729851035	Near v Minnesota	First Amendment/Freedom of the Press - Minnesota laws against press companies perceived as malicious, scandalous, or defamatory ruled unconstitutional.	6
6729851036	NY Times v. U.S.	First Amendment/Freedom of the Press - New York Times and Washington Post could print the Pentagon Papers without risk of government censorship or punishment	7
6729851037	Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier	First Amendment/Freedom of the Press - school newspaper articles withheld from publication, court ruled schools can exercise editorial concern over the content of student speech so long as they related to school concerns.	8
6729851038	Schenck v. U.S.	First Amendment/Freedom of Speech/non-protected - The circulars urged "Do not submit to intimidation" but advised only peaceful action such as petitioning to repeal the Conscription Act. Schenck was charged with conspiracy to violate the Espionage Act by attempting to cause insubordination in the military and to obstruct recruitment. During wartime, utterances tolerable in peacetime can be punished. Clear and present danger test.	9
6729851039	Gitlow v. New York	First Amendment/Freedom of Speech/non-protected - the government may suppress or punish speech that directly advocates the unlawful overthrow of the government and it upheld the constitutionality of the state statute at issue, which made it a crime to advocate the duty, need, or appropriateness of overthrowing government by force or violence, selective incorporation of 14th amendment.	10
6729851040	Brandenburg v. Ohio	First Amendment/Freedom of Speech/ non-protected - that government cannot punish inflammatory speech unless that speech is directed to inciting, and is likely to incite, imminent lawless action.	11
6729851041	Miller v. California	First Amendment/Freedom of Speech/non-protected - redefined its definition of obscenity to that which lacks "serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value." It is now referred to as the Three-prong standard or the Miller test.	12
6729851042	Bethel School District v. Fraser	First Amendment/Freedom of Speech/non-protected, The First Amendment, as applied through the Fourteenth, permits a public school to punish a student for giving a lewd and indecent, even if not obscene, speech at a school assembly	13
6729851043	Buckley v. Valeo	First Amendment/Freedom of Speech/protected - campaign finance - upheld federal limits on campaign spending and identified spending money to influence elections is a form of free speech	14
6729851044	Tinker v. Des Moines	First Amendment/Freedom of Speech/symbolic speech - students' wearing of armbands in support of Vietnam truce did not interrupt school activities, pure speech	15
6729851045	Texas v. Johnson	First Amendment/Freedom of Speech/symbolic speech - flag burning is protected speech	16
6729851046	Printz v. U.S.	Second Amendment - background check portion of gun bill allowing federal government to require state officers to participate violates federalism.	17
6729851047	U.S. v. Lopez	Second Amendment - gun laws about schools not related to interstate commerce and not under federal authority	18
6729851048	Mapp v. Ohio	Fourth Amendment/Exclusionary Rule - evidence taken in unreasonable searches and seizures may not be used in court.	19
6729851049	NJ v. TLO	Fourth Amendment/reasonable suspicion, schools have the ability to search students as they must maintain a safe school environment	20
6729851050	Escobedo v. Illinois	Fifth and Sixth Amendment - right to counsel, right to remain silent	21
6729851051	Miranda v. Arizona	Fifth and Sixth Amendment - unless the accused is notified of the reason for their arrest, the ability to consult with an attorney, the ability to not self-incriminate their testimony is not permissible in court.	22
6729851052	Gideon v. Wainwright	Fifth and Sixth Amendment/right to an attorney in all state and federal cases must be provided	23
6729851053	Korematsu v. U.S.	Fifth and Sixth Amendment - internment of Japanese-Americans during WWII was Constitutional, justified during times of emergency and peril	24
6729851054	Furman v. Georgia	Eighth Amendment - required the application of the death penalty be consistent and non-discriminatory	25
6729851055	Gregg v. California	Eighth Amendment - death penalty does not violate cruel and unusual punishment so long as laws are clear and the legal system follows procedure.	26
6729851056	Griswold v. Connecticut	Ninth Amendment - state ban on use of contraceptives violates the right of marital privacy	27
6729851057	Roe v. Wade	Ninth & Fourteenth Amendments/privacy Abortion is a private matter	28
6729851058	Webster v. Reproductive Health Services	Fifth and Fourteenth Amendment - Missouri government institutions did not have to provide or support abortion, narrowed Court's ruling on Roe v. Wade	29
6729851059	Planned Parenthood v. Casey	Ninth Amendment /privacy no spousal consent required for abortion	30
6729851060	Bowers v. Hardwick	Ninth Amendment - no Constitutional protection of sexual privacy	31
6729851061	Lawrence v. Texas	Ninth Amendment/Privacy - sexual activity between members of the same sex not illegal.	32
6729851062	Plessy v. Ferguson	Fourteenth Amendment/Separate is Equal - ruled that railway cars provided were essentially equal so no violation of equal protection.	33
6729851063	Brown v. Board of Education	Fourteenth Amendment/Separate not Equal - Integration of Schools - racial segregation violates the equal protection clause	34
6729851064	Loving v. Virginia	Fourteenth Amendment/mixed racial marriage in a state where it was prohibited - struck down as a violation of equal protection.	35
6729851065	Regents of California v. Bakke	Fourteenth Amendment/Upheld Affirmative Action - race may be one of several factors in college admission policies.	36
6729851066	Marbury v. Madison	Establishes the Supreme Court as having the power of Judicial Review/interpret the Constitution	37
6729851067	McCulloch v. Maryland	implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause - Creation of the bank was implied based upon the enumerated power of Congress to tax. State of Maryland could not tax federal bank due to Supremacy Clause	38
6729851068	Gibbons v. Ogden	Supreme Court of the United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation	39
6736767971	chicago vs mcdonald	McDonald v. City of Chicago, case in which on June 28, 2010, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled (5-4) that the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which guarantees "the right of the people to keep and bear Arms," applies to state and local governments as well as to the federal government.	40

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AP VOCAB CHPT 3 Flashcards

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7665005740	migration	the permanent move to a new location	0
7665005741	mobility	all types of movement between location	1
7665008649	circulation	short term, repetitive or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis	2
7665008650	emigration	migration from a location	3
7665011231	immigration	migration to a location	4
7665011232	net migration	the difference between the number of immigrants and number of emigrants	5
7665014356	international migration	permanent move from one country to another	6
7665014357	migration transition	change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produces the demographic transition	7
7665019093	voluntary migration	permanent movement undertaken by choice	8
7665019094	forced migration	permanent movement usually compelled by cultural factors	9
7665022177	internal migration	permanent movement within a particular country	10
7665024742	interregional migration	permanent movement from one region of a country to another	11
7665027072	intraregional migration	permanent movement within one region of a country	12
7665029784	counterurbanization	net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries	13
7665029785	push factor	induces people to move out of their present location	14
7665033331	pull factor	induces people to move into a new location	15
7665033332	refugee	someone who has been forced to migrate to another country to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or other disasters and cannot return for fear of persecution of religion, race, nationality, membership of a social group or political opinion	16
7665038867	internally displaced person	someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border	17
7665038868	asylum seeker	someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee	18
7665041701	floodplain	an area subjected to flooding during a given number of years according to historical trends	19
7665041702	desertification	degradation of land especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions such as excessive crop planting, animal grazing and tree cutting	20
7665045842	intervening obstacle	an environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration	21
7665045843	remittance	transfer of money by workers to people in the country from which they emigrated	22
7665050537	unauthorized immigrants	a person who enters a country without proper documents to do so	23
7665050538	quotas	a law that places a maximum limit on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year	24
7665052913	brain drain	large scale emigration by talented people	25
7665056182	chain migration	migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there	26
7665056183	guest worker	term used for a worker who migrated to the developed countries of Northern and Western Europe usually from Southern and Eastern Europe or from North Africa in search of a higher paying job	27
7665059892	circular migration	temporary movement of a migrant worker between home and host countries to seek employment	28

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