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8739971100PromocionarElevar o preparar las condiciones óptimas para dar algo a conocer o para incrementar sus ventas0
8739975699PromoverIniciar o activar una cosa procurando su realización1
8739975700Narrador2
8739979576Aspecto3
8739979577Analiza4
8739994158Respuesta coherente5
8739994201Afirmacion6
8739999668Ejemplos7
8739999669Fragmento8
8740005061Prever9
8740005062Resumir10
8740009647Caracteristica11
8740009648Complejidad12
8740013777Conferencia13
8740017539Desenlace14
8740017540La tasa15
8740021970El informe16
8740021971El proposito17
8740028460El presentador18
8740030916Estar de acuerdo19
8740030917Citar20
8740033893Destacar21
8740033894Afirmacion22
8740037099Reclutar23
8740039262Socio cultural24
8740041670Disponer25
8740045905Protagonista26
8740048401Ensayo coherente27
8740051097Recursos28
8740051098Tematica29
8740056092Desempeña el rol30
8740060582Asunto central31
8740060583Idea central32
8740063137Ensayo33
8740063138El lector34
8740066514Criticar35
8740066515Trata de36
8740073023La entrevista37
8740077397Variacion38
8740080429Porcentaje39
8740080462Aumento40
8740084488La tabla41
8740087186Los datos42
8740101004Promedio43

ap psychology: chapter 18 Flashcards

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6598194875social psychologythe branch of psychology that deals with social interactions, including their origins and their effects on the individual.0
6598194876attribution theorya theory that supposes that one attempts to understand the behavior of others by attributing feelings, beliefs, and intentions to them.1
6598194877fundamental attribution errortendency to explain someone's behavior based on internal factors, such as personality or disposition, and to underestimate the influence that external factors, such as situational influences, have on another person's behavior.2
6598194878attitudea settled way of thinking or feeling about someone or something, typically one that is reflected in a person's behavior.3
6598194879foot in the door phenomenoncompliance tactic that involves getting a person to agree to a large request by first setting them up by having that person agree to a modest request.4
6598194880cognitive dissonance theorytendency for individuals to seek consistency among their opinions5
6598194881conformity normativeNormative social influence is a type of social influence leading to conformity6
6598194882social influenceSocial influence occurs when one's emotions, opinions, or behaviors are affected by others.7
6598194883social facilitationSocial facilitation, or the audience effect, is the tendency for people to perform differently when in the presence of others than when alone.8
6598194884social loafingsocial loafing is the phenomenon of a person exerting less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group than when they work alone.9
6598194885deindividuationconcept in social psychology that is generally thought of as the loss of self-awareness in groups, although this is a matter of contention .10
6598194886group polarizationphenomenon that when placed in group situations, people will make decisions and form opinions to more of an extreme than when they are in individual situations.11
6598194887groupthinkphenomenon that occurs within a group of people in which the desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome.12
6598194888prejudiceunjustified or incorrect attitude (usually negative) towards an individual based solely on the individual's membership of a social group.13
6598194889stereotypestereotype is a thought that can be adopted about specific types of individuals or certain ways of doing things.14
6598194890discriminationability to perceive and respond to differences among stimuli. It is considered a more advanced form of learning than generalization, the ability to perceive similarities, although animals can be trained to discriminate as well as to generalize.15
6598194891in-group/outgroupingroup is a social group to which a person psychologically identifies as being a member. By contrast, an outgroup is a social group with which an individual does not identify.16
6598194892scapegoat theorysocial psychological term that relates to prejudice. According to this theory, people may be prejudice toward a group in order to vent their anger. In essence, they use the group they dislike as their target for all of their anger17
6598194893just world phenomenonterm referring to people's tendency to believe that the world is just and that people get what they deserve.18
6598194894aggressionhostile or violent behavior or attitudes toward another19
6598194895frustration aggressionfrustration, which is defined as "the state that emerges when circumstances interfere with a goal response," often leads to aggression.20
6598194896social trapsituation in which a group of people act to obtain short-term individual gains, which in the long run leads to a loss for the group as a whole.21
6598194897mere exposure effectpsychological phenomenon by which people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them.22
6598194898passionate loveintense feelings and sexual attraction.23
6598194899companionate loveinvolves feelings of mutual respect, trust, and affection while passionate love involves intense feelings and sexual attraction.24
6598194900equitythe quality of being fair and impartial.25
6598194901self disclosureprocess of communication by which one person reveals information about himself or herself to another.26
6598194902altruismthe belief in or practice of disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others.27
6598194903bystander effectphenomenon that refers to cases in which individuals do not offer any means of help to a victim when other people are present.28
6598194904Social Identity TheoryMany "selves" that correspond to a specific group we fnd ourelves in29
6598194905GroupthinkWhen a group is focused on the harmony of the group they ignore the purpose of the group30
6598194906Defining principlesBehavior is... -effected by social context -effected by own culture -affected by "social self" -our view of the world is resistant to change31
6598194907Ecological ValidityHow people act of try know they are being observed/studied32
6598194908Qualitative researchUsed for in depth study of behavior and "why"33
6598194909Quantitative researchStudy of behavior using data34
6598194910Attribution theoryHow we explain someone else's behavior (personality/disposition/situational)35
6598194911Fundamental Attribution ErrorAssuming behavior (actor observe effect)36
6598194912Self serving biasTaking credit for success, denying fault for failures37
6598194913AttitudesBeliefs and feelings that make us respond to situations a certain way38
6598194914Foot in the door PhenomenonPeople who agree to a small action will later agree to a larger action (salesperson)39
6598194915Role playingAdopting a new role and following the social norms becomes a part of you (zimbardo)40
6598194916Cognitive ConsistencyMatch between persons thoughts and behaviors41
6598194917Cognitive DissonanceMismatch between attitudes and actions (make tension)42
6598194918ConformityAdjusting behavior to go along w a group (Asch exp.)43
6598194919AuthorityPeople comply more often with authority figures44
6598194920Normative social influenceConforming to a pos/neg disapproval from a group45
6598194921Informative social InfluenceConforming results in accepting others opinions46
6598194922CommitmentOnce people agree to something they feel committed to comply with further requests47
6598194923Low balling techniqueSecuring agreement before revealing cost (cialdini)48
6598194924LikingPeople comply with requests from people they like49
6598194925ReciprocityPeople feel they are committed to returning the favor50
6598194926Door in the face techniqueAsking of someone a large action they are likely to refuse then asking a second smaller action they feel obligated to take since they rejected you the first time51
6598194927ScarcityValuing things more when they are less available52
6598194928Social proofingPeople view a behavior as correct if they see others doing the same (setting example)53
6598194929Obedience PrinciplePeople are more likely to obey if they are answering to an authority figure (Milgram exp.)54
6598194930Social facilitationOne performs better in the presence of others55
6598194931Social loafingPeople put in less effort in a group56
6598194932DeindividualizationLoss of focus when in group situations57
6598194933Group polarizationExaggeration of members views through group interaction58
6598194934PrejudiceUnjustified attitude towards a group of people59
6598194935Stereotype/CategorizationGeneralized belief towards a group of people60
6598194936DiscriminationUnjustified behavior towards a group of people61
6598194937Social Reasons for Prejudice-social inequalities -in group/ out group bias (Tajfel exp.)62
6598194938In group biasFavoring ones group63
6598194939EthnocentrismBelieving your way of doing something is better than someone else's64
6598194940Scapegoat TheoryOutlet for anger by blaming someone else65
6598194941Vivid casesAvailability heuristic66
6598194942Illusory correlationsSeeing connection between a group of people67
6598194943Just world phenomenonWhen people see the world as they think it should be68
6598194944Stereotype threatWhen made known of stereotype you are more self conscious about being negatively evaluated69
6598194945Spotlight effectThinking everyone's looking at you when they aren't70
6598194946Confirmation biasSeeking info that confirms prejudice/pre existing beliefs71
6598194947AggressionAny behavior meant to hurt72
6598194948Frustration aggression principleAn increase in frustration leads to an increase in aggression73
6598194949CatharsisRedox anger through releasing tension (doesn't really make one feel better)74
6598194950ConflictIncompatibility of actions, goals or ideas75
6598194951Social trapBeing caught up in or own self76
6598194952Mirror image perceptionsWe see our enemies as bad as they see us77
6598194953Mere exposure effectRepeated exposure to something/one increases liking78
6598194954Passionate loveIntense positive attraction at its strongest79
6598194955Companionate loveDeep affection for those we see constantly80
6598194956EquityGive as much as you receive81
6598194957Self disclosureRevealing intimate details about yourself82
6598194958Bystander interventionYou are less likely to help if others are around to help for you (we assume)83
6598194959Diffusion of responsibilityLack of responsibility due to presence of others84
6598194960Social exchange theoryMax limiting benefits, minimizing costs85
6598194961ReciprocityReturning the favor86
6598194962Steps leading towards Peace-cooperation -communication -conciliation (trying to make it better)87
6598194963GRITGraduated Reciprocated Initiatives In Tension Reduction88

AP Environmental Flashcards

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6629311292geological timetime that spans millions of years0
6629322829relative datingdating an unknown sample to a certain time period when compared to samples of known ages1
6629338909lithosphereouter crust of plate tectonics2
6629344517subduction zonean area where two crustal plates collide and one plate is forced under the other into the mantle (typically an ocean plate going under a continental plate)3
6629349862convectionprocess of heat transfer that causes hot, less dense matter to rise and cool matter to sink4
6629357124convergent boundarieswhen two plants clash and form subduction zones (trench) or mountains5
6629359934divergent boundariestwo plates pull apart forming ridges6
6629361393transform fault boundairesplates slide past each other parallel to one another7
6629369236faulta crack between two tectonic plates8
6629374598earthquakesudden slip of a fault between two plates9
6629378757hypocenterlocation beneath the Earth's surface where a fault rupture begins10
6629381416epicenterlocation directly above hypocenter on Earth's surface11
6629383298seismographan instrument that records seismic waves during an earthquake12
6629389819(primary) p-wavesprimary waves of an earthquake that move longitudinally13
6629395907(secondary) s- wavessecondary waves of an earthquake that move both up and down in an s shape14
6629410473volcanoform when vents rise to surface from magma chamber forming a hill or mountain of hot magma15
6629489496trophospherewhere weather takes place16
6629493180stratospherewhere protective ozone is located17
6629506288Coriolis effectperceived deflection of moving objects viewed from a turning frame of reference (think the ball can't move straight); ex. trade winds and why planes can't move in a straight line18
6629516132jet streama long, narrow current of fast moving air found in the upper atmospheric levels19
6629522930El niñowarm water nears the South American coast with no cold upswells and the water gets even warmer; causes warmer conditions and droughts in the western pacific20
6629535888La niñawarm water is pushed further west than usual causing colder damper conditions21
6692432748hydrologythe study of the occurence, distribution, and movement of water on, in, and above the Earth22
6692437765reservoira place where water is stored for some period of time in the atmosphere, ocean, or underground23
6692448044ground waterwater found below the Earth's surface24
6692450630residence timeamount of time that water spends in the groundwater portion of water cycle25
6692455449zone of aerationlayer closest to soil's surface where spaces between soil particles are filled with both air and water26
6692460070zone of saturationlayer under the surface layer where all the open spaces have become filled with water27
6692463740water tablefound at the upper edge of the zone of saturation and the bottom edge of the zone of aeration; rises and falls as groundwater increases and decreases28
6692474648soil porosityamount of open space in the soil29
6692479876soil permeabilitythe rate at which water moves through the soil30
6692483910watershedthe geographical region from which a stream gets water31
6692485821aquiferlarge underground water reservoirs (ex. Ogallala)32
6692494235confined aquiferaquifer that has an impermeable substance on both sides so recharge time is slower33
6692500034unconfined aquiferaquifer that has one side that is permeable and one side that is impermeable34
6692580193lithologythe visual study of rock's physical characteristics using a handheld magnifying class or microscope (characteristics: grain size and shape, grain orientation, mineral content, sedimentary structures, color, weathering)35
6692591080igneous rockrock formed by the cooling and hardening of molten rock (magma) deep in the earth or blasted out during an eruption (ex. quartz, feldspar, mica, granite which contain silicon, calcium, etc.) (two types= felsic and mafic)36
6692606562sedimentary rockrock formed from rocks and soils from other locations compressed with the remains of dead organisms (ex. limestone)37
6692620433lithificationprocess of sand, silt, and organic organisms being compressed and cemented38
6692636004metamorphic rocksrock formed when rocks originally of one type are changed into a different type by heat and/or pressure (ex. slate, marble)39
6692646803rock cycle40
6692653369physical weatheringwhen rock gets broken (cracked, crumbled, or smashed) into smaller pieces without a change in its chemical composition41
6692658611jointsrocks with cracks and fractures due to stress (plate tectonics, cooling and shrinking, flattening and tightening)42
6692671216chemical weatheringwhen rock and its component minerals are broken down or altered by chemical change (oxidation, hydrolysis, acid action)43
6692677388biological weatheringblend of physical and chemical weathering (ex. tree roots lead to rock fissures)44
6692683671horizon Athe surface horizon, a zone of leaching and oxidation where penetrating rainwater dissolves minerals and carries the ions to deeper horizons, holds the greatest amount of organic material45
6692692511horizon Bthe middle horizon of soil, a zone of accumulation, made up of weathering rocks, water infiltrates46
6692700332horizon Cincludes the bottom horizon which is a zone of weathered original rock47
6692705177topsoilnutrient-rich soil layer that contains organic material and minerals48
6692716816topographythe mapping of the land contours and physical features of an area49
6692720046contour plantingacross a hillside instead of up and down slows runoff50
6692723825no-till farmingreduces soil erosion by planting seed without opening seam in earth and no tilling51
6697519637ecosystema complex community of plants, animals, and microorganisms linked by energy and nutrient flows that interact together and with their environment52
6697528731biospherelocated above the deeper layers of the Earth and includes the hydrosphere, crust, and atmosphere53
6697552328gene poola population's genetic makeup54
6697561471genetic driftwhen a large percentage of a population dies from disease, starvation, or predation55
6697572670bottleneck effectfrequency of certain traits is narrowed due to the genetic drift and therefore causes this56
6697577493allopatric speciationwhen two groups of same species can no longer reproduce due to reproductive isolation57
6697582232sympatric speciationevolution of two different species to one species58
6697592640interspecific competitionwhen two or more different species need the same habitat or resources to survive59
6697596573infraspecific competitionwhen members of the same species need the same resources (ex. finding a mate)60
6697608067fundamental nichewhen a species has no competitive limitations61
6697611061mutualismboth species benefit (ex. lichen gives structure and stores water while algae creates organic material)62
6697617610commensalismone species is somewhat unaffected and one species benefits (ex. buffalo and egrets bc egret eats bugs off of buffalo)63
6697622909parasitismone species benefits and one is harmed (ex. fleas on dogs)64
6697626672endemic speciesnaturally occurring in only one area or region are unique to that specific region65
6697634905keystone speciesspecies around which an entire ecosystem is dependent (ex. wolves)66
6697640644primary successionuntouched area like volcanic flow goes through succession67
6697645180secondary successiontakes place when an existing community is disrupted by some event (ex. wildfire) and rebuilds itself68
6697653965pioneer speciesthe first colonizers to a site after succession69
6697659777hotspotan ecological region that has lost more than 70% of its original habitat also a place of high biodiversity70
6699378614organic mattermade up of carbon-containing material from living or nonliving material and includes the organic parts of soil71
6699385667geological carbon cycle72
6699396677biological carbon cycleoccurs when plants absorb carbon dioxide and sunlight to make glucose and other sugars to build cellular structures73
6699415308calciumcalcium carbonate in particular helps neutralize acidic areas causing "hard" water due to the heavy concentration of nutrients74
6699426711nitrogen cycle75
6699440129ecological pyramid76
6699445919phosphorouscommonly used in fertilizers and can lead to eutrophication77
6699456700hydrologic cycle78

AP Psych Mod 35 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
6004814995LanguageOur spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning.0
6004814996PhonemeIn a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit.1
6004814997MorphemeIn a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix).2
6004814998GrammarA system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others.3
6004814999SemanticsThe set of rules for deriving meaning from sounds.4
6004815000SyntaxThe set of rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences.5
60048150013 building blocks for language:1- Phonemes 2- Morphemes 3- Grammar6
6004815002Babbling stageBeginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language.7
6004815003One-word stageThe stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words.8
6004815004Two-word stageBeginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly in two-word statements.9
6004815005Telegraphic speechEarly speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram-"go car"- using mostly nouns and verbs.10
6004815006AphasiaImpairment of language, usually caused by left-hemisphere damage either to Broc's area.11
6004815007Broc's areaImpairing speaking and controls language expression.12
6004815008Wernicke's areaImpairing understanding and controls language reception.13
6004815009Linguistic determinismWhorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think.14
60048150104 monthsInfants babble, making sounds found in languages from all over the world.15
600481501110 monthsTheir babbling contains only the sounds found in their household language.16
600481501212 monthsChildren begin to speak in single words.17
6004815013Noam ChomskyProposed that all human languages share a universal grammar.18

AP1 - Electrostatics Flashcards

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6668223193ElectrostaticsThe study of electricity at rest (static means "at rest")0
6668223194Electrical ForcesProduced by the interaction of the charged particles found in atoms (lightning is an electrical force).1
6668223195Nucleus of the AtomPositively charged center of the atom. Made of protons (+) and neutrons (neutral). Charges cannot be taken from the nucleus.2
6668223196ElectronsNEGATIVELY charged part of an atom. They orbit the nucleus on the OUTSIDE of the atom and can be stripped away or added to atoms. All electrons are identical; they all have the same mass and negative charge.3
6668223197ProtonsPositively charged part of the atom, found in the nucleus. All protons are identical and have the same positive charge.4
6668223198Proton vs. NeutronThe mass of a proton is about 6000 times the mass of a neutron.5
6668223199Charge (q)A property of matter that comes in 2 types: positive (+) and negative (-). It is abbreviated with "q" and the unit of charge is the coulomb (c).6
6668223200NeutronNeutral part of the atom's nucleus. Neutrons have slightly more mass than a proton.7
6668223201Net chargeThe difference between the number of protons and electrons in an atom.8
6668223202Neutral atomEqual number of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons9
6668223203Positively charged atomAtom with more protons than electrons - electrons REMOVED!!!10
6668223204Negatively charged atomAtom with more electrons than protons - ELECTRONS ADDED!!!11
6668223205Unlike chargesATTRACT!!!!12
6668223206Like chargesREPEL!13
6668223207IonAn atom that has a different number of electrons than protons.14
6668223208InsulatorSomething that does not let electrons flow freely, like plastic, rubber, glass & paper15
6668223209ConductorSomething that lets electrons flow through them freely, like metals.16
6668223210Law of Conservation of ChargeElectrons are neither created nor destroyed, they are simply transferred from one material to another!!! Protons always remain in the nucleus!17
6668223211Coulomb (C)The unit of electric charge, abbreviated "C". 1 C of charge contains 6.24 x 10^18 electrons or protons.18
6668223212Coulomb's LawThe equation that calculates the electric force between two charges in relation to distance. The strength (size) of the force is inversely proportional to the distance (as distance increases, force of charge decreases and visa-versa). IN THE PICTURE "d" HAS BEEN REPLACED WITH "r" - SAME VARIABLE - WE WILL USE "d"!!!19
6668223213Free electronsIn conductors, they are the electrons that can move around free of their atoms.20
6668223214Charge by frictionElectrons move between materials that are in contact, as when electrons are transferred between fur and a rod when they are rubbed together.21
6668223215Charge by conductionWhen a neutral object comes in contact with a charged object, electrons move between the objects, charging them both.22
6668223216PolarizationWhen a charged object is brought near a neutral object, but does not touch, and the charges inside rearrange and separate.23
6668223217Charge by inductionBegins with polarization - charges rearrange and then transfer24

AP Micro Module 9 Flashcards

Krugman for AP
Module 9
Supply and Demand: Quantity Controls

Terms : Hide Images
6350908533quotaan upper limit on the quantity of some good that can be bought or sold; also called a quantity control0
6350908534licensegives its owner the right to supply a good or service; may be issued by the government as a method of imposing a quota1
6350908535demand pricethe price at which consumers will demand a given quantity2
6350908536supply pricethe price at which producers will supply a given quantity3
6350908537wedgeA quota drives a wedge between the demand price and the supply price of a good; that is, the price paid by buyers ends up being higher than that received by sellers.4
6350908538quota rentthe earnings that accrue to the license-holder from ownership of the right to sell the good; equal to the market price of the license when the licenses are traded5
6350908539deadweight lossthe lost gains associated with transactions that do not occur due to market intervention (we will tweak this definition later in the semester)6

AP Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5198453163etand0
5198453164maisbut1
5198453165ouor2
5198455042puisthen or next3
5198455043ensuitethen or next4
5198461086doncso5
5198461087alorsso6
5198461088carbecause7
5198462678parce quebecause8
5198466961puisquebecause9
5198469211ne...ni...nineither...nor10
5198469212soit...soiteither...or11
5198475018commelike/as12
5198476724quandwhen13
5198476725lorsquewhen(soon as)14
5198481520quethat15
5198486401pendentduring/while16
5198486403sanswithout17
5198490407quand mêmeanyway/even though18

AP Lit Terms 1 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
4796128495abstract stylea complex style that discusses intangible qualities like good and evil, seldom using examples to support its points.0
4796129715academic styledry and theoretical writing1
4796130883accentthe stressed portion of a word2
4796131617aesthetica coherent sense of taste; consistent style3
4796132751allegorya story in which each aspect has a larger symbolic meaning4
4796133744alliterationthe repetition of initial consonant sounds5
4796134129allusiona reference to another famous figure or work6
4796134507anachronismmisplaced in time7
4796135074analogya comparison between two things that is made to clarify a point8
4796135776anecdotea short narrative used to illustrate a point9

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