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ap psychology vocabulary 2 Flashcards

7420907887	biological psychology	a branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior.	0
7420907888	neuron	a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system .	1
7420907889	dendrite	the bushy ,branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body.	2
7420907890	axon	the extension of a neuron,ending in branching terminal fibers ,through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands .	3
7420907891	myelin sheath	fatty tissue segmentally encasing/covering the fibers of many neurons .	4
7420907892	action potential	a neural impulse .	5
7420907894	synapse	the junction between the axon tip and the dendrite of neuron.	6
7420907895	neurotransmitters	chemical messengers that traverse/travels through the synaptic gaps between neurons.	7
7420907896	acetylcholine	triggers muscle contraction .	8
7420907897	endorphins	opiatelike/related to neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure.	9
7420907898	nervous system	speedy , electrochemical communication system, consisting of all the nerve cell of the peripheral and central nervous system .	10
7420907899	central nervous system	the brain and spinal cord.	11
7420907900	peripheral nervous system	the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body .	12
7420907902	sensory neurons	neurons that carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the central nervous system .	13
7420907903	interneurons	central nervous system neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs.	14
7420907904	motor neurons	neurons that carry outgoing information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands.	15
7420907905	somantic nervous system	the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles.	16
7420907906	autonomic nervous system	peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart)	17
7420907907	sympathetic nervous system	the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body , mobilizing its energy in stressful situations.	18
7420907908	parasympathetic nervous system	the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body , conserving its energy .	19
7420907910	neural networks	interconnected neural cells.	20
7420907911	lesion	tissue destruction.	21
7420907912	EEG	an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface .	22
7420907913	PET	a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioctive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task.	23
7420907914	brainstem	is responsible for automatic survival fucntions .	24
7420907915	medulla	controls heartbeat and breathing.	25
7420907916	reticular formation	a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal .	26
7420907917	thalamus	it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla.	27
7420907918	cerebellum	it helps coordinate voluntary movements and balance.	28
7420907919	limbic system	associated with emotions such as fear an aggression and drives such as those for food and sex.	29
7420907920	amygdala	influence aggression and fear.	30
7420907921	hypothalamus	keep the body's internal environment in a steady state by regulating thirst, hunger, and body temperature.	31
7420907922	cerebral cortex	the body's ultimate control and information-processing center.	32
7420907923	frontal lobe	involved speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments.	33
7420907924	parietal lobe	includes the sensory cortex ,controls touch , taste and body temperature.	34
7420907925	occipital lobe	receive visual information form opposite visual field.	35
7420907926	temporal lobe	recives auditory information primaly form the opposite ear .	36
7420907929	aphasia	impairment of language.	37
7420907930	broca's area	controls language expression.	38
7420907931	wernicke's area	controls language reception.	39
7420907932	plasticity	the brain's capacity of modification .	40
7420907933	corpus callosum	carry messages between the two hemisphere.	41
7420907934	endocrine system	a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.	42
7420907935	hormones	chemical messesngers mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands that are produced in one tissue and affect another .	43
7420907936	pituitary gland	regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands .	44
7420977180	Adrenal gland	a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys.It secretes the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine which help arouse the body in times of stress	45
7420977181	MRI	a technique that uses magnetic field and radio waves to produce computer generated images that distinguish among different type of soft tissue.	46
7420977182	FMRI	a technique revealing blood flow and therefore, brain activity by succesive MRI scan	47
7420982836	glial cells	cells in nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons.	48
7420985334	association areas	peach colred area.It integrate or combine information and associate various sensory inputs with stored memory.	49

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AP Psychology Chapter 13 Flashcards

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6447502435	Eclectic Approach	Therapists are not locked into one form of psychotherapy, but draw on whatever combination seems best suited to a client's problems	0
6447502436	Psychotherapy	is an interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties or wants to achieve personal growth	1
6447502437	Psychoanalysis	the therapy developed by Sigmund Freud which attempts to give clients self-insight by bringing awareness and interpreting previously repressed feelings	2
6447502438	Resistance	the psychoanalytic term for the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden memories. Hesitation during free association may reflect this	3
6447502439	Interpretation	the psychoanalytic term for the analyst's helping the client to understand resistances and other aspects of behavior, so that the client may gain deeper insights	4
6447502440	Transference	the psychoanalytic term for a patient's redirecting to the analyst emotions from other relationships	5
6447502441	Psychodynamic Therapy	Derives from the psychoanalytic tradition, this seeks to enhance patients' self-insight into their symptoms by focusing on childhood experiences and important relationships in addition to unconscious forces	6
6447502442	Insight Therapies	These such as psychoanalysis and humanistic therapy aim to increase the client's awareness of underlying motives and defenses	7
6447502443	Client-centered Therapy	a humanistic nondirective therapy developed by Carl Rogers, in which growth and self-awareness are facilitated in an environment that offers genuineness, acceptance, and empathy	8
6447502444	Active Listening	a nondirective technique of Rogers' client-centered therapy, in which the listener echoes, restates, and seeks clarification of, but does not interpret, clients' remarks.	9
6447502445	Unconditional Positive Regard	refers to the accepting, nonjudgmental attitude that is the basis of client-centered therapy	10
6447502446	Behavior Therapy	Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of problem behaviors	11
6447502447	Counterconditioning	a category of behavior therapy in which new responses are classically conditioned to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors	12
6447502448	Exposure therapies	treat anxiety by exposing people to do things they normally fear and avoid. Among these therapies are systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy	13
6447502449	Systematic desensitization	a type of exposure therapy in which a state of relaxation is classically conditioned to a hierarchy of gradually increasing anxiety-provoking stimuli	14
6447502450	Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy	Progressively exposes people to stimulations of feared situations to treat their anxiety	15
6447502451	Aversive Conditioning	a form of counterconditioning procedure in which an unpleasant state becomes associated with an unwanted behavior	16
6447502452	Token Economy	an operant conditioning procedure in which desirable behaviors are promoted in people by rewarding them with tokens, or positive reinforces, which can be exchanged for privileges or treats. For the most part, token economies are used in hospitals, schools, and other institutional settings	17
6447502453	Cognitive Therapy	Focuses on teaching people new and more adaptive ways of thinking and acting. The therapy is based on the idea that our feelings and responses to events are strongly influenced by our thinking, or cognition	18
6447502454	Cognitive-behavioral Therapy	an integrated therapy that focuses on changing self-defeating thinking (Cognitive therapy) and unwanted behaviors (behavior therapy)	19
6447502455	Family Therapy	views problem behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other members of the clients' family. Therapy therefore focuses on relationships and problems among the various members of the family	20
6447502456	Regression toward the mean	the tendency for unusual events (or emotions) to return toward their average state	21
6447502457	Meta-Analysis	a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies	22
6447502458	Evidence-based practice	clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences	23

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AP Environmental Science Pollution Flashcards

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6643084398	primary pollutants	an air pollutant emitted directly from a source	0
6643084399	sulfur oxides (SOx)	Primary source is coal burning. Primary and secondary effects include acid deposition, respiratory irritation, plant damage. Reduction methods include: scrubbers, burn low sulfur fuel.	1
6643084400	nitrogen oxides (NOx)	Major source is auto exhaust. Primary and secondary effects include acidification of lakes, respiratory irritation, leads to smog and ozone. Reduced using catalytic converters.	2
6643084401	CO2	automobile exhaust as well as burning of wood and coal. A greenhouse gas	3
6643084404	point source pollution	Pollutants discharged from a single identifiable location (e.g., pipes, ditches, channels, sewers, tunnels, containers of various types).	4
6643084405	non-point source pollution	pollution that does not have a specific point of release, open,loop recycling,when materials are reused to form new products.	5
6643084406	criteria pollutants	pollutants judged to pose especially great threats to human health (carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, tropospheric ozone, particulate matter and lead)	6
6643084408	ozone	gas that absorbs ultraviolet solar radiation, found in the stratosphere, a zone between 15 and 50 kilometers (9 to 30 miles) above Earth's surface.	7
6643084409	industrial smog (gray)	smog resulting from emissions from industry and other sources of gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels.	8
6643084410	photochemical smog (brown)	A brownish haze that is a mixture of ozone and other chemicals, formed when pollutants react with each other in the presence of sunlight	9
6643084411	chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)	These reduce concentration of ozone in the stratosphere and created the ozone hole, they are responsible for more UVB radiation in the surface of earth	10
6643084412	ozone loss	Greatest in the spring as the chlorine breaks down ozone into O2	11
6643084413	acid precipitation	Conversion of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides to acids that return to Earth as rain, snow, or fog	12
6643084418	eutrophication	excessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other body of water, frequently due to runoff from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life and death of animal life from lack of oxygen.	13
6643084419	hypoxic zone	Also known as Dead Zone --> result of cultural eutrophication and lack of oxygen where fish die.	14
6643084420	pH	The measure of concentration of H ions in water	15
6643084421	dissolved oxygen	microscopic bubbles of gaseous oxygen (O2) that are mixed in water and available to aquatic organisms for respiration (mg/L)	16
6643084422	turbidity	a measure of the cloudiness of water from sediments, microscopic organisms, or pollutants (NTU)	17
6643084423	BOD	Biological Oxygen Demand	18
6643084424	wastewater	any water that has been used by humans. This includes human sewage, water drained from showers, tubs, sinks, dishwashers, washing machines, water from industrial processes, and storm water runoff.	19
6643084425	physical treatment	in a sewage treatment plant, the initial filtration that is done to remove debris such as stones, sticks, rags, toys, and other objects that were flushed down the toilet.	20
6643084427	sludge	the solids that remain after the secondary treatment of sewage.	21
6643084429	gray water	all of the wastewater that drains from washing machines, sinks, dishwashers, tubs or showers and can be reused for non-sanitary purposes	22
6643084431	noise pollution	any noise that causes stress or has the potential to damage human health.	23
9771466029	secondary pollutants	converted to a hazardous form after entering the air and mixing with other air components	24
9771494580	Carbon monoxide (CO)	a colorless, odorless toxic flammable gas formed by incomplete combustion of carbon.	25
9771600934	Formaldehyde	Indoor air pollutant present in furniture, lacquer, and particle board	26
9771612612	Asbestos	A fiber once used in insulation and other materials that can cause respiratory diseases.	27
9771615496	Radon	Pollutant from the decay of uranium	28
9771627654	Particulate matter	A mixture of dust, acids, and other chemicals that can be hazardous to human health	29
9771652534	Lead (Pb)	Causes neurological damage. Was in gasoline, paint, and old pipes	30
9771662329	Mercury Pollution	A toxic metal released into the air and water mainly from coal-fired power plants and mining.	31
9771677369	Volatile organic compounds	Organic compounds that exist as gases in the air. Most are hydrocarbons.	32
9772640165	Incineration	The burning of solid waste that results in air pollution and hazardous materials	33
9772662422	Sanitary landfill	Giant hole in the ground into which most municipal solid waste is dumped	34
9772671861	Chemical treatment	Neutralizes acidic wastes	35
9772681648	Methane (CH4)	Flammable gas produced by landfills	36
9772704183	Electrostatic precipitators	Reduce particulate matter	37
9772707821	Catalytic converter	Reduces CO and NOx	38
9772724692	Superfund	a US federal government program designed to fund the cleanup of toxic wastes.	39

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AP Government Chapter 15 Flashcards

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4758190070	Standing to Sue	The requirement that plaintiffs have a serious interest in a case, which depends on whether they have sustained or are likely to sustain a direct and substantial injury from another party or from an action of government.	0
4758190071	Class Action Suits	Lawsuits in which a small number of people sue on behalf of all people in similar circumstances.	1
4758190634	Judiciable Disputes	Issues capable of being settled as a matter of law.	2
4758190635	Amicus Curiae Briefs	Legal briefs submitted by a "friend of the court" for the purpose of influencing a court's decision by raising additional points of view and presenting information not contained in the briefs of the formal parties.	3
4758191583	Original Jurisdiction	The jurisdiction of courts that hear a case first, usually in a trail. These are the courts that determine the facts about a case.	4
4758193010	Appellate Jurisdiction	The jurisdiction of courts that hear cases brought to them on appeal from lower courts. These courts do not review the factual record, only the legal issues involved.	5
4758193361	District Courts	The 91 federal courts of original jurisdiction. They are the only federal courts in which trails are held and in which juries may be impaneled.	6
4758193851	Court of Appeals	Appellate courts empowered to review all final decisions of district courts, except in rare cases. In addition, they also hear appeals to orders of any federal regulatory agencies.	7
4758193852	Supreme Court	The pinnacle of the American judicial system. The Court ensures uniformity in interpreting national laws, resolves conflicts among states, and maintains national supremacy in law. It has both original jurisdiction and appellate jurisdiction.	8
4758194601	Senatorial Courtesy	An unwritten tradition whereby nominations for state-level federal judicial posts are usually not confirmed if they are opposed by a senator of the presidents party from the state in which the nominee will serve. The tradition also applies to courts of appeals when there is opposition from a senator of the president;s party who is from the nominee's state.	9
4758195805	Solicitor General	A presidential appointee and the third-ranking office in the Department of Justice. The solicitor general is in charge of the appellate court litigation of the federal government.	10
4758195806	Opinion	A statement of legal reasoning behind a judicial decision. The content of an opinion may be as important as the decision itself.	11
4758195807	Stare Decisis	A Latin phrase meaning "let the decision stand." Most cases reaching appellate courts are settled on this principle.	12
4758197004	Precedent	How similar cases have been decided in the past.	13
4758197005	Originalism	A view that the Constitution should be interpreted according to the original intentions or original meaning of the Framers. Many conservatives support this view.	14
4758197521	Judicial Implementation	How and whether court decisions are translated into actual policy, thereby affecting the behavior of others. The courts relay on other units of government to enforce their decisions.	15
4758198209	Marbury v. Madison	The 1803 case in which Chief Justice John Marshal and his associates first asserted the right of the Supreme Court to determine the meaning if the U. S. Constitution. The decision established the Court's power of judicial review over acts of Congress, in this case the Judiciary Act of 1789.	16
4758198210	Judicial Review	The power of the courts to determine whether acts of Congress and, by implication, the executive branch are in accord with the U.S. Constitution. Judicial review was established by John Marshall and his associates in Marbury v. Madison.	17
4758199280	Judicial Activism	An approach to decision making in which judges sometime make bold policy decisions, even charting new constitutional ground.	18
4758199281	Political Questions	A doctrine developed by the federal courts and used as a means to avoid deciding some cases, principally those involving conflicts between the president and Congress.	19
4758199321	Statutory Construction	The judicial interpretation of an act of Congress. In some cases where statutory construction is an issue, Congress passes new legislation to clarify existing laws.	20

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ap vocab Flashcards

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5092099695	demography	The scientific study of population characteristics.	0
5092099696	overpopulation	The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.	1
5092102544	ecumene	The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.	2
5092105389	crude-arithmetic density	The total number of people divided by the total land area	3
5092114415	physiological- nutritional density	The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture	4
5092116075	agricultural density	The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture	5
5092118883	crude birth rate (CBR)	total number of live births per every 1000 people per year	6
5092120070	crude death rate (CDR)	total number of deaths per every 1000 people per year	7
5092122377	natural increase rate	The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.	8
5092122378	doubling time	The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.	9
5092125437	total fertility rate	The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years.	10
5092126906	infant mortality rate	The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old for every 1,000 live births in a society.	11
5092129596	life expectancy	...	12
5092131087	demographic transition	The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population.	13
5092134352	First agricultural revolution	dating back 10,000 years, the First Agricultural Revolution achieved plant domestication and animal domestication	14
5092136406	industrial revolution	A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.	15
5092137557	medical revolution	Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives.	16
5092139086	zero population growth	A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero.	17
5092140723	population pyramid	A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.	18
5092141742	dependency ratio	The number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64, compares to the number of people active in the labor force.	19
5092141743	sex ratio	The number of males per 100 females in the population.	20
5092143755	Thomas Malthus	Eighteenth-century English intellectual who warned that population growth threatened future generations because, in his view, population growth would always outstrip increases in agricultural production.	21
5092145865	Neo-Malthusians	group who built on Malthus' theory and suggested that people wouldn't just starve for lack of food, but would have wars about food and other scarce resources	22
5092147464	Epidemiologic transition	Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition.	23
5092152787	endemic	(adj.) native or confined to a particular region or people; characteristic of or prevalent in a field	24
5092152826	pandemic	Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.	25
5092154481	arable	Suitable for growing crops	26
5092155701	population concentration	Areas of the world with large population density.	27
5092159410	linear ( arithmetic) growth	...	28
5092162123	exponential growth	Growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate	29
5092163780	stationary population level	The level at which a national population ceases to grow	30
5092165095	family planning	Providing information, clinical services, and contraceptives to help people choose the number and spacing of children they want to have.	31
5092174372	expansive- pro-natal population polocies	...	32
5092179098	eugenic population policies	...	33
5092182197	restrictive anti-natal population policies	...	34
5092184030	negative population growth	...	35
5092185932	one-child policy	A program established by the Chinese government in 1979 to slow population growth in China.	36
5092185933	census	A complete enumeration of a population.	37
5092187362	baby boom	A cohort of individuals born in the United States between 1946 and 1964, which was just after World War II in a time of relative peace and prosperity. These conditions allowed for better education and job opportunities, encouraging high rates of both marriage and fertility.	38
5092189087	population explosion	...	39
5092189088	J-curve	...	40
5092191603	Cairo Plan	...	41
5092191604	carrying capacity	...	42
5092193481	S-curve	...	43
5092194622	echo boom	...	44
5092199919	fecundity	...	45

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Ap Flashcards

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5816705129	Alliteration	Repetition of sounds	0
5816705130	Allusion	Referencing a object, brand	1
5816705131	Ambiguity	Phrase has multiple meanings	2
5816705132	Anaphora	Repetition of words in the beginning	3
5816705133	Antithesis	Direct opposites	4
5816705134	Apostrophe	Addressing absent or imaginary things	5
5816705135	Appositive	Renames a noun	6
5816705136	Assonance	Repetition of vowels	7
5816705137	Asyndeon	Conjunctions in series	8
5816705138	Didactic	Instructing or teaching words	9
5816705139	Epistrophe	Repetition of a phrase	10
5816705140	Homily	Any serious talk	11
5816705141	Idiom	Understood to mean something different	12
5816705142	Invective	Emotionally violent	13
5816705143	Jixtaposition	Location to cause effect	14
5816705144	Litotes	Form of understatement	15
5816705145	Metonymy	Name substituted for another	16

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AP Vocab Flashcards

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9346528830	Exculpate	to free from guilt or blame (to pronounce)	0
9347855138	Inveterate	long established; deep-rooted; habitual	1
9347863046	Maverick	one who is independent and resists adherence to a group	2
9347866198	Assiduous	hard-working	3
9347869191	Capricious	impulsive and unpredictable	4
9347873558	Stratagem	a clever trick used to deceive or outwit	5
9347876418	Mollify	to calm or soothe	6
9347879967	Poignant	profoundly moving; touching	7
9347880817	Egregious	conspicuously bad or offensive	8
9347886355	Ostentatious	describing a showy or pretentious display	9
9347889067	Disparity	in equality in age, rank, or degree; difference	10
9347890618	Quandary	a state of uncertainty; perplexity	11
9347892228	Insipid	uninteresting; unchallenged	12
9347892967	Torpor	laziness; inactivity; dullness	13
9347899313	Despotic	exercising absolute power; tyrannical	14
9347900179	Vindicated	freed from blame (to justify)	15
9347905463	Penitent	expressing remorse for one's misdeed	16
9347908286	Surreptitiously	done by secretive means	17
9347913460	Impede	slow the progress of	18
9347924949	Ebullience	intense enthusiasm	19
9352528594	Listless	lacking energy	20
9352535684	servile	submissive; like a servent	21
9352542517	ornate	elaborately decorated	22
9352547651	Effusive	emotionally unrestrained; gushy	23
9352553897	Flagrant	extremely or deliberately shocking or noticeable	24

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AP Vocab Flashcards

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9356790645	Agribusiness	Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food processing industry usually through ownership of large corporations Ex: Tyson Chicken or Smithfield Pork	0
9356790646	Agricultural Revolution	The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering Ex:	1
9356796324	Agriculture	The deliberate effort to modify the portion of Earth's surface to the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain Ex: Planting and growing crops	2
9356796325	Aquaculture (or aqua farming)	The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions Ex:	3
9356798618	Cereal grain	The grass that yields grain for food Ex: Oats, Wheat, Rye, and Barley	4
9356798619	Commercial agriculture	Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm Ex: Tyson Farms	5
9356798620	Crop	Any plant gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season Ex: Corn and Wheat	6
9356800186	Crop rotation	The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil Ex: Field A grows x crop one year, y crop the next year, z crop the year after that, and then goes back to x crop once the cycle has restarted.	7
9356800187	Dairy farm	A form of commercial agriculture that specializes in the production of milk and other dairy products Ex:	8
9356800188	Desertification	Degradation of land especially in semi arid areas primarily because of human actions such as excessive crop planting animal grazing and tree cutting also known as semi-arid land degradation Ex: Some desertification is occurring in the Amazon Rainforest, because companies want the lumber, and urbanization so they destroy and cut down majority of the trees	9
9356801452	Dietary energy consumption	The amount of food that an individual consumes measured and kilocalories (Calories in the United States) Ex:	10
9356801453	Double-cropping	Harvesting twice a year from the same field Ex: Winter Wheat is grown in addition to normal crop rotation	11
9356803525	Fishing	The capture of wild fish and other seafood living in the waters Ex:	12
9356803526	Food security	Physical social and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet delivery needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life Ex:	13
9356803527	Genetically modified organism (GMO)	A living organism that possesses a novel combination of genetic material obtained through the use of modern biotechnology Ex: Injecting tomatoes with GMOs to make them taste better or make them grow bigger	14
9356805632	Grain	Seed of a cereal grass Ex:	15
9356805633	Green Revolution	Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers Ex: India underwent/went through the Green Revolution because they introduced genetic engineering, hybridization, and chemical fertilizers to themselves	16
9356805634	Horticulture	The growing of fruits vegetables and flowers Ex: Growing strawberries, cucumbers, growing sunflowers	17
9356807909	Intensive subsistence agriculture	A form of subsistence agriculture characteristics of Asia's major population concentrations in which Farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land Ex: Majority of families in LDCs must undergo intensive subsistence agricultural practices in order to provide for themselves and survive	18
9356807910	Milkshed	The area surrounding a city from which milk is applied Ex: The rural areas surrounding Denver comprise Denver's milk shed, A milkshed could be 100 miles around a city.	19
9356807911	Mixed crop and livestock farming	Commercial farming characterized by integration of crops and livestock most of the crops are fed to animals rather than consumed directly by humans Ex:	20
9356810626	No tillage	A farming practice that leaves all of the soil undistributed in the entire residue of the previous year's harvest left untouched on the fields Ex:	21
9356810627	Overfishing	Capturing fish faster than they can reproduce Ex:	22
9356810628	Paddy-	The Malay word for wet rice increasingly used to describe a flooded field Ex:	23
9356812981	Pastoral nomadism	A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals Ex: Camel Herders	24
9356812982	Plantation	A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale usually to a more developed country Ex: A Sugar Cane plantation grows more than sugar	25
9356812983	Prime agricultural land	The most productive farmland Ex:	26
9356816197	Ranching	A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extended area Ex: A lot of Cattle Ranching occurs in West Texas	27
9356816198	Ridge tillage	A system of planting crops on Ridge tops in order to reduce Farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation Ex:	28
9356816199	Sawah	A flooded field for growing rice Ex: Sawahs can been seen in Africa and the Middle East.	29
9356818136	Shifting cultivation	A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another, each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period Ex:	30
9356818137	Slash-and-burn agriculture	Another name for shifting cultivation so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris Ex:	31
9356819939	Subsistence agriculture	Agriculture designed primarily to produce food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmers family Ex: Majority of families in LDC's do this action, because they can only grow so much to provide for themselves, and their family	32
9356819940	Swidden	A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning Ex:	33
9356819941	Transhumance	The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowlands pastures Ex: Sheep are most commonly used for/during transhumance	34
9356821849	Truck farming	Commercial gardening in Fruit farming so name for the Middle English word truck meaning "barter" or "exchange of commodities" Ex:	35
9356821850	Undernourishment	Dietary energy consumption that is continuously below the minimum requirement for maintaining a healthy life and carrying out light physical activity Ex: Many kids and families in LDC's are undernourished because they do not get the nutrients and things they need to stay healthy (Lack of proteins)	36
9356821851	Wet rice	Rice planted on dry land in a nursery and then move to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth Ex: Can be seen in majority of Asia	37