| 9969331078 | Agglomeration Diseconomies | Negative economic and social effects steaming from concentration of industry in a particular area | | 0 |
| 9969343074 | Ancillary Activities | Economic activities that surround and support large scale industries. ex: delivery, food services, accounting | | 1 |
| 9969361260 | Backwash Effect | Negative effects on one region that results from economic growth within another region | | 2 |
| 9969372592 | Base Ratio | Ratio of basic to nonbasic employees in a local area, typically an urban area | | 3 |
| 9969380918 | Basic vs Nonbasic Sector | Basic sector- includes any industry that brings in money from outside the area
nonbasic- includes all industry that supports and services the local community | | 4 |
| 9969397561 | Brain Drain | When people of high education or with high-level professional positions pursue economic opportunities outside their home country | | 5 |
| 9969408142 | Break of Bulk Point | Location where large shipments of goods are broken up into smaller containers, for example ports. Often a shift in transportation. | | 6 |
| 9969427802 | Brick-and-Mortar Business vs E-commerce | Brick-and-Mortar- traditional businesses with actual stores in which trade or retro; occurs
E-commerce- web based economic activities | | 7 |
| 9969440991 | BRICS | Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa which are rapid growing economies in the developing world | | 8 |
| 9969453641 | Bulk-Gaining and Bulk-Reducing Industries | Gaining- product weighs more after the assembly
Reducing- weighs less after production | | 9 |
| 9969475950 | Call centers | Industries that experience a large volume of telephone-related interactions. India is known for these. | | 10 |
| 9969487310 | Comparative Advantage | Areas or regions should produce goods for which they have the greatest relative advantage over other areas. | | 11 |
| 9969511808 | Core-Periphery Model | Models the spatial structure of development in which undeveloped countries are defined by their dependence on a developed core. | | 12 |
| 9969531085 | Core, Periphery, and Semi-periphery | Core- includes national or global regions where economic power is concentrated
Periphery- countries with low levels of economic productivity, low GDPs, and generally low standards of living
Semi-periphery- includes newly industrialized countries with median standards of living | | 13 |
| 9969555499 | Cottage Industry | Industry in which production of goods and services is based in homes, as opposed to factories. | | 14 |
| 9975991331 | Cumulative Causation | Similar to the multiplier effect, an economic term used to describe the positive effect of agglomeration. | | 15 |
| 9976058263 | Deglomeration | The dispersal of an industry that formerly existed I an established agglomeration | | 16 |
| 9976065554 | Deindustrialization | Loss of industrial activity in a region, typically because of relocation to developing countries with cheaper labor and relaxed environmental standards. | | 17 |
| 9976080518 | Dependency Theory | Development philosophy whereby recently independent colonies independent colonies work to remove themselves from the economically dependent relationship established under colonization | | 18 |
| 9976098917 | Digital Divide | Term used to describe a big gap in access to communications technologies typically between the highly develop and least developed regions of the globe | | 19 |
| 9976125588 | Downfalls of Sustainable Development Model | Model focuses only on humans, without consideration of other animals or ecosystems humans depend on. Vague and no guarantee that it will actually result in conservation or natural resources | | 20 |
| 9976142714 | Ecological Footprint | A measure that calculates how much space the population needs compared to whats available. Based on consumption of renewable resources and pollution production | | 21 |
| 9976156796 | Economic Development | Process of economic growth, expansion, or realization of regional resource potential. | | 22 |
| 9976165881 | Economic Sectors: Globally | Transition from being focused on primary and secondary economic activities to being concentrated in tertiary and quaternary activities | | 23 |
| 9976179306 | Ecotourism | Form of tourism based on enjoyment of scenic areas or natural wonders. | | 24 |
| 9976188688 | Export Processing Zones (EPZs) | Areas where governments create favorable investment and trading conditions to attract export-oriented industries. (Maquiladoras) | | 25 |
| 9976201649 | Factory Location Considerations | -easy access to production materials needed
-Adequate supply of labor
-proximal to shipping and markets
-should minimize production costs
-physical geography/ history (Not always)F | | 26 |
| 9976221158 | Fast World vs Slow World | Fast- experience greater levels of connection due to technology
Slow- experience lower levels of connection due to nonexistent technology | | 27 |
| 9976240788 | Footloose Industry | Manufacturing or other industry in which the cost of transporting both raw materials and finished product is not important for determining location of the firm. ex: Magazine industries | | 28 |
| 9976254074 | Fordism | System of standardized mass production attributed to Henry Ford. (Assembly Lines) | | 29 |
| 9976327422 | Foreign Direct Investment | Overseas business investments made by private companies. Labor is typically cheaper than in the homeland so factories are bought by transnational corporations | | 30 |
| 9976361052 | Formal vs Informal economic activities | -economic activities that are a part of the formal economy are legally registered and taxed
-economic activities are not legally registered or taxed | | 31 |
| 9976376846 | Four Tigers | Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan economies. Pursued export driven development in the 60s but leveled off in the 90s | | 32 |
| 9976398823 | GDP, GNP, PPP | -Gross Domestic Product: total amount of good and services produced within the boarders of a country
-Gross National Product: Total value of goods and services produced by residents of a country
-Purchasing Power Parity: Momentary measurement of development that takes into account what money buys in different countries | | 33 |
| 9976424091 | Gender Equity | Measure of opportunities given to women compared to men within a given country. | | 34 |
| 9976434468 | Geography of Tourism | Lots of money is coming into LDC through tourism. | | 35 |
| 9976454855 | Global Distribution of GNP | -highest GNP are found in core regions
-mid level GNP are found in semi-peripheral regions
-Low levels f GNP are found in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa | | 36 |
| 9976469155 | Globalization | The idea that the world is becoming integrated on a global scale such that smaller scales of political and economic life are becoming obsolete | | 37 |
| 9976488682 | Human Development Index (HDI) | Measure used by the UN that calculates development in terms of human welfare rather than money or productivity. (Life expectancy, education, and income) | | 38 |
| 9976503768 | Import Substitution | Strategy where domestic producers substitute manufactured imports with goods produced locally | | 39 |
| 9976518678 | Industrial Revolution | Profound technological and economic changes that arose I England During the late eighteenth century and rapidly spread to other parts of Europe and North America. (modern factories, mass-produced goods, and modern forms of capital investment) | | 40 |
| 9976538171 | Industrialization | Process of industrial development in which countries evolve economically from primary based goods to using modern factories for mass production | | 41 |
| 9976552175 | Industrialization and Urbanization | industrialization was a form of urbanization. it was also a major step towards modern urbanization | | 42 |
| 9976561356 | Industrialized Countries | Britain, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, and the US. | | 43 |
| 9976568383 | Infrastructure | The set of technological support and services that maintain and advance society. (Land Features) | | 44 |
| 9976584756 | Intervening Opportunities | A closer, alternative supply source between a demand point and the original supply source | | 45 |
| 9976593841 | Just-in-Time Production | Because of increase in transportation and communications technologies, producers can minimize their inventory through frequent deliveries of specific amounts of material. | | 46 |
| 9976606086 | Least-Developed Countries (LDCs) | Low levels of economic productivity, Low per capita incomes, and generally low standards of living. (South and South East Asia, parts of South America, and sub-Saharan Africa except South Africa) | | 47 |
| 9976620759 | Localization Economies | type of agglomeration economy in which smaller industries concentrate together in one area or region. | | 48 |
| 9976627288 | Manufacturing Region | A region which manufacturing activities have clustered together. (US Great Lakes States) | | 49 |
| 9976637504 | NAFTA/ North American Free Trade Agreement | International treat made between Canada, US, and Mexico that lessens trade restrictions to increase business between the three countries. (1994) | | 50 |
| 9976650594 | Neocolonialism | economic, political, or military dependencies that exist between developed and developing countries. even after most countries under colonial rule achieved independence. | | 51 |
| 9976670029 | Neoliberal Policies | Economic policies that limit the role of the government in favor of free-market mechanisms | | 52 |
| 9976678715 | Net National Product (NNP) | Measure of all goods and services produced by a country per year, minus loss or degradation of natural resource capital as a result of productivity. | | 53 |
| 9976696018 | Newly Industrializing Countries (NICs) | Countries that were formerly peripheral but have developed a significant industrial sector as a result of foreign direct investment | | 54 |
| 9976704210 | Offshore Financial Centers | Areas that have been specifically designed to promote business transactions, making them centers for banking and finance. | | 55 |
| 9976713000 | Outsourcing | sending industrial out for external production, typically where labor is cheaper than internal labor | | 56 |
| 9976726581 | Quaternary and Quinary Economic Activities | Quatern-service based concerned with research, information gathering, and administration
Quin- high level decision making for large corporations or high-level scientific research. | | 57 |
| 9976738735 | Rostows Model | Stage 1- Primary Economic sector
Stage 2- Preconditions for take-off emerge, includes commercialized agriculture.
Stage 3- Foreign investment pours in, jump starting an economy prepped for growth
Stage 4-a broad manufacturing commercial base is developed
Stage 5- characterized by high mass consumption and high per capita incomes |  | 58 |
| 9976764116 | Rostows Model: Critiques | -Model describes development process in America and Europe but not many other countries.
-assumes there is only five stages of economic growth
-high levels go mass consumption may not be associated with high levels of development
-Does not account for deindustrialization | | 59 |
| 9976929362 | Secondary Economic activities | Concerned with precessing of raw material. ex: manufacturing | | 60 |
| 9976936977 | Service Offshoring | Practice of hiring foreign workers or contracting with an international third-party service provider to run service-based functions of a particular industry. ex: call centers | | 61 |
| 9976953990 | Spatially Fixed vs Spatially Variable Costs | Fixed- costs are input costs in manufacturing that remain constant whenever production is located
Variable- input costs that change significantly from place to place int hero total amount share of total costs | | 62 |
| 9976968690 | Specialty Goods | Goods that are not mass-produced but rather assembled individually or in small quantities. | | 63 |
| 9976974768 | Sustainable Development | Idea that people living today should be able to meet their needs without prohibiting ability or future generations to do the same | | 64 |
| 9976989813 | Tertiary Economic Activities | Provide the market for exchange of goods by bringing together consumers and providers of services such as retail, transportation, government, and personal and professional services | | 65 |
| 9977002271 | Transferability | The cost os moving a commodity relative to the commodity's ability to bear the cost of moving. | | 66 |
| 9977010545 | Transition of the Global Economic Core Over Time | 1800s-the core regions included Western Europe and Eastern US
1900s- Core regions had extended to all of the US, more of Western Europe, Australia, and Japan
2000s- Us, Western Europe, Australia, and Japan however more countries were considered semi-periphery instead of peripheral regions. | | 67 |
| 9977031960 | Transnational Corporations (TNCs) | Take advantage of geographic differences in wages, labor, environmental regulations, taxes, and distribution of natural resources by locating various aspects of production in different countries. | | 68 |
| 9977044374 | Urbanization Economies | type of agglomeration economy describing clustering of industrial activity in urban areas | | 69 |
| 9977053093 | US Agglomeration | Los Angeles- Entertainment Industry
Silicon Valley and Norther California- Computer and software exists
New York- Finance Activities
Connecticut-insurance related industries
Texas- Energy related industries | | 70 |
| 9977071784 | Weber's Least Cost Theory | Describes optimal location of a manufacturing establishment in relation to costs of transportation, labor, and relative advantages of agglomeration | | 71 |
| 9977081895 | World Systems Theory | (Wallerstein) Describes the emergence of a core, periphery, and semi-periphery in terms of economic and political connections. | | 72 |
