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AP Human Geography-Services Flashcards

9682773655	Basic Industries	Definition: Industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement. Example: Agriculture, ranching, fishing, forestry, mining, and petroleum Application: Very few basic industries, but all essential to our economy.	0
9682773656	Business Services	Definition: Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services Example:Banks, trains, public buses. Application: These are essential to our economy because they allow all services to operate.	1
9682773657	Central Place	Definition: A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area Example: Midtown, Manhattan Application: Central Place is the prime place for a service to be based off of the central place theory.	2
9682773658	Central Place Theory	Definition: A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther. Example: Central Place Theory.. Application: The Central Place Theory	3
9682773659	City-state	Definition: A sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland Example: Vatican City, (Hong Kong?) Application: City States change the pace of geography	4
9682773660	Clustered Rural Settlement	Definition: A rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other and fields surround the settlement. Example: Ranches Application: Clustered Rural Settlements are very secluded.	5
9682773661	Consumer Services	Definition: Businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retail services and education, health, and leisure services Example: McDonalds. Application: Large part of financial sector today.	6
9682773662	Dispersed Rural Settlement	Definition: A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages. Example: Farms. Application: Separated from the typical.	7
9682773663	Economic Base	Definition: A community's collection of basic industries. Example: Primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors. Application: this is everything in the economy.	8
9682773664	Enclosure Movement	Definition: The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century. Example: Smaller farms in England Application: Very important because it describes the enclosure movement	9
9682773665	Gravity Model	Definition: A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service. Example: Amusement Park has lots of gravity. Application: Things with more gravity are rarer.	10
9682773666	Market Area (or hinterland)	Definition: The area surrounding a central place, from which people are attracted to use the place's goods and services. Example: Westchester-->NYC Application: Hinterlands are still a part of the cities markets.	11
9682773667	Nonbasic Industries	Definition: Industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the community. Example: Gym, Laundry, Application: Non basic industries	12
9682773668	Primate City	Definition: The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement. Example: NYC Application: Most powerful city in country	13
9682773669	Primate City Rule	Definition: A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement. Example: NYC Application:Most powerful city in Country	14
9682773670	Public Services	Definition: Services offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses Example: Subway system Application: Allows economy to run smoothly.	15
9682773671	Range (of a service)	Definition: The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service Example: 5 min to Convenience store Application: Helps people to determine the central place for a service.	16
9682773672	Rank-size Rule	Definition: A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the 11th largest settlement is in the population of the largest settlement. Example: ....? Application:....?	17
9682773673	Service	Definition: Any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it. Example: Application:	18
9682773674	Settlement	Definition: A permanent collection of buildings and inhabitants. Example: NYC Application: There are MANY settlements in the World	19
9682773675	Threshold	Definition: The minimum number of people needed to support the service Example: only a certain percentage of actually people using service. Application: THe threshold is a necessary thing to be computed before starting a service.	20
9682773676	Urbanization	Definition: An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements. Example: People move into Hong Kong Application: Cities are the more powerful parts of countries.	21

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AP Exam: Biographie (Familienstand) Flashcards

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4795178782	allein stehend	single	0
4795178783	sich ändern	to change	1
4795178784	die Beziehung	relationship	2
4795178785	die Braut	bride	3
4795178786	der Bräutigam	groom	4
4795178787	die Ehe	marriage	5
4795178788	die Ehefrau	wife	6
4795178789	der Ehemann	husband	7
4795178790	das Ehepaar	married couple	8
4795178791	die Eheschliessung	wedding ceremony	9
4795178792	der;die Erwachsene	adult	10
4795178793	der Gatte	spouse (male	11
4795178794	die Gattin	spouse (female)	12
4795178795	geschieden sein	to be divorced	13
4795178796	der; die Geschiedene	one who is divorced	14
4795178797	getrennt leben	to live separately	15
4795178798	heiraten	to marry	16
4795178799	die Hochzeit	wedding	17
4795178800	der;die Lebensgefährte	life partner	18
4795178801	ledig	single	19
4795178802	der Mädchenname	maiden name	20
4795178803	der Mitbewohner	roommate (male)	21
4795178804	die Mitbewohnerin	roommate (female)	22
4795178805	der Partner	partner (male)	23
4795178806	die Partnerin	partner (female)	24
4795178807	die Partnerschaft	partnership	25
4795178808	sich scheiden	to divorce	26
4795178809	die Scheidung	divorce	27
4795178810	die Trauung	wedding ceremony	28
4795178811	der Trauzeuge	best man	29
4795178812	unverheiratet	unmarried	30
4795178813	das Verhältnis	relationship	31
4795178814	verheiratet sein	to be married	32
4795178815	sich verlieben in	to fall in love with	33
4795178816	verliebt	to be in love	34
4795178817	sich verloben	to get engaged	35
4795178818	der;die Verlobte	fiance	36
4795178819	die Verlobung	engagement	37
4795178820	volljährig	of age	38
4795178821	die Wohngemeinschaft (die WG)	shared housing	39
4795178822	die Witwe	widow	40
4795178823	zusammen wohnen	to live together	41

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AP Psychology Unit 7A Flashcards

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6172205136	memory	the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information. APPLICATION: remembering something	0
6172206638	encoding	the processing of information into the memory system. APPLICATION: getting the meaning	1
6172210986	storage	the retention of encoded information over time. APPLICATION: retaining the meaning	2
6172213441	retrieval	the process of getting information out of memory storage. APPLICATION: getting the meaning back after time	3
6172217758	sensory memory	the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system. APPLICATION: first record to have that info	4
6172218793	short-term memory	activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten. APPLICATION: bin that holds the info and remembers it by rehearsal	5
6172219854	long-term memory	the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences. APPLICATION: info is remembered for LONG	6
6172222042	working memory	a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory. APPLICATION: newer short-term memory	7
6172224988	parallel processing	the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving. APPLICATION: Multi problem solving	8
6172226329	automatic processing	unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings APPLICATION: happening without even knowing	9
6172228862	effortful processing	encoding that requires attention and conscious effort. APPLICATION: requires attention and work	10
6172237581	rehearsal	the conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage. APPLICATION: keep on practicing	11
6172240580	spacing effect	the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice. APPLICATION: distributing	12
6172241352	serial position effect	our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list. APPLICATION: remembering first and last	13
6172244642	visual encoding	the encoding of picture images. APPLICATION: breaking down visuals	14
6172246036	acoustic encoding	the encoding of sound, especially the sound of words. APPLICATION: breaking down sound	15
6172247734	semantic encoding	the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words. APPLICATION: breaking down words	16
6172250336	imagery	mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding. APPLICATION: picture of something in your brain	17
6172251628	mnemonics	memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices. APPLICATION: images to help remember something	18
6172252903	chunking	organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically. APPLICATION: organize info that we know and are able to re produce them	19
6172254822	iconic memory	a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second. APPLICATION: picture only lasting for some seconds	20
6172256756	echoic memory	a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds. APPLICATION: audio lasting only some seconds	21
6172975396	long-term potentiation (LTP)	an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory. APPLICATION: Where information you learned has potential for being long- term memory but will be remembered for longer than short- term memory is stored.	22
6172976199	flashbulb memory	a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event. APPLICATION: 911	23
6172977063	amnesia	the loss of memory. APPLICATION: lost memories	24
6172977779	implicit memory	retention independent of conscious recollection. (Also called nondeclarative or procedural memory.) APPLICATION: When you remember information while you are not conscious like in dreams.	25
6172978464	explicit memory	memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know, also known as declarative memory APPLICATION: breathing, writing, etc	26
6172981699	hippocampus	a neural center that is located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage. APPLICATION:A part in your brain that controls memory.	27
6172982516	recall	a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test. APPLICATION: fill in the blank part of a test	28
6172983636	recognition	a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test. APPLICATION: multiple choice	29
6172985080	relearning	a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time. APPLICATION: learning something to help you remember it	30
6172985836	priming	the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response. APPLICATION: When you remember something unconsciously	31
6172986650	deja vu	Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience. APPLICATION: the feeling "i've experienced this before"	32
6172987629	mood-congruent memory	the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood. APPLICATION: When you remember something based on how you are feeling.	33
6172988427	proactive interference	the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new info. APPLICATION:When your brain is trying to remember something but you are also trying to remember new information.	34
6172989342	retroactive interference	the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information. APPLICATION: remembering new info but also old info	35
6172995991	repression	in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness. APPLICATION: when your brain keeps you from remembering certain things such as traumatic events.	36
6172996733	misinformation effect	incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event. APPLICATION: remembering wrong info	37
6172997473	source amnesia	attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined. Source amnesia, along with the misinformation effect, is at the heart of many false memories. APPLICATION: not remembering info due to an event where you may even remember something wrong.	38

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AP Biology Chapter 20 Flashcards

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5726254393	Recombinant DNA	DNA molecules formed when segments of DNA from 2 different sources (often different species) are combined in vitro (in a test tube)	0
5726254394	Biotechnology	Manipulation of organisms or their components to make useful products	1
5726254395	Genetic Engineering	Direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes	2
5726254396	Plasmid	Small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the bacterial chromosome	3
5726254397	Gene cloning	Production of multiple copies of a single gene	4
5726254398	Restriction Enzymes	Also called restriction endonucleases Protect bacterial cell by cutting up foreign DNA	5
5726254399	Restriction Site	A particular short DNA sequence that restriction enzymes recognize and cut at precise points	6
5726254400	Restriction fragments	A set of DNA pieces that result from restriction enzyme activity	7
5726254401	Sticky end	At least one end of a DNA fragment is longer than another	8
5726254402	DNA Ligase	Enzymes that catalyze the formation of covalent bonds that close up the sugar-phosphate backbone	9
5726254403	Cloning vector	A DNA molecule that can carry foreign DNA into a host cell and replicate there (the original plasmid)	10
5726254404	Genomic Library	A complete set of plasmid-containing cell clones, each carrying copies of a particular segment from the initial genome	11
5726254405	Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC)	Large plasmids, trimmed down so that they just contain the genes necessary to ensure replication Very large insert size	12
5726254406	Complementary DNA (cDNA)	Double stranded DNA resulting from reverse transcriptase acting on mRNA	13
5726254407	Nucleic Acid Hybridization	A technique in which single-stranded nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) are allowed to interact so that complexes called hybrids are formed by molecules with similar, complementary sequences.	14
5726254408	Nucleic Acid Probe	Single stranded RNA or DNA molecules used in nucleic acid hybridization	15
5726254409	Expression Vector	A cloning vector that contains a highly active bacterial promoter just upstream of a restriction site where the eukaryotic gene cab be inserted in the correct reading frame Allows the synth. of many eukaryotic proteins in bacterial cells	16
5726254410	Problem with cloned eukaryotic genes in bacteria	Eukaryotic genes have many introns (noncoding areas) Introns make the genes very long and unwieldy to prevent correct expression in bacteria (which do not have RNA-splicing machinery)	17
5726254411	Electroporation	A brief electrical pulse applied to a solution containing cells to create temporary holes in their plasma membranes (to insert DNA)	18
5726254412	Polymerase Chain Reaction	A quick, selective technique used to quickly amplify a specific target DNA segment Heated to denature DNA Cooled to allow annealing (hydrogen bonding) of short, single stranded DNA primers complementary to sequences on opposite strands at each of the target sequence A heat-stable DNA polymerase extends primers in 5' to 3' direction	19
5726254413	Gel Electrophoresis	A technique that uses a polymer (agarose) gel to separate nucleic acids or proteins on the basis of size, electrical charge, or other physical properties DNA starts at black cathode (negative end) and travels to red anode (positive end)	20
5726254414	Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism	A type of sequence seen after electrophoresis	21
5726254415	Southern Blotting	Combines gel electrophoresis and nucleic acid hybridization to allow detection of bands that include parts of the Beta-globin gene	22
5726254416	Northern Blotting	? Uses mRNA instead of DNA	23
5726254417	Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction	Quicker and more sensitive than Northern blotting	24
5726254418	In Situ hybridization	Track down location of specific mRNAs using labeled probles in place (in situ) in the intact irganism	25
5726254419	DNA Microarray Assays	Tiny amounts of a large number of single-stranded DNA fragment representing different genes fixed to a glass slide in a tightly spaced grid (array)	26
5726254420	In Vitro Mutagenesis	Specific mutations are introduced into a cloned gene, and then the mutated gene is returned to a cell Mutated gene disables the normal cellular copes of the same gene to alter or destroy the function of the gene product	27
5726254421	Genome-Wide association studies	Analysis of the genomes of large numbers of people with a certain phenotypic condition/disease	28
5726254422	Somg;e Mic;eptode {p;y,pr[jos,	A single base pair site where variation is found in at least 1% of the population	29
5726254423	Totipotent	A mature cell of an organism that can dedifferentiate and has the potential to give rise to all the specialized cell types of the organism	30
5726254424	Nuclear Transplantation	Remove nucleus of an unfertilized or fertilized egg and replace it with the nucleus of a differentiated cell Older the donated nucleus, the lower the percentage of normally developing organisms	31
5726254425	Stem Cell	A relatively unspecialized cell that can both reproduce itself indefinitely and (under appropriate conditions) differentiate into specialized cells of one or more types Embryonic Stem cells - Many cell types (pluripotent) Adult Stem (marrow) cells - Limited	32
5726254426	Gene therapy	Introducing genes into an afflicted individual for therapeutic purposes	33
5726254427	Transgenic	Involving a gene from an animal of one genotype introduced into the genome of another individual, often a different species	34
5726254428	Genetic Profile	An individual's unique set of genetic markers	35
5726254429	Short Tandem Repeats	Variations in length of genetic markers	36
5726254430	Ti Plasmid	New plasmid vectors used to introduce genes into plant cells	37
5726254431	Genetically Modified Organisms	An organism that has artificially acquired one or more genes from another species (or another variety of the same species)	38

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AP Psychology History & Approaches Flashcards

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6096230737	empiricism	Information is collected by objective observations and experimentation using the scientific method.	0
6096230738	structuralism	An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind.	1
6096230739	functionalism	A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.	2
6096230740	experimental psychology	the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method	3
6096230741	behaviorism	A theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior	4
6096230742	humanistic psychology	Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth	5
6096230743	cognitive neuroscience	A field that attempts to understand the links between cognitive processes and brain activity.	6
6096230744	psychology	Scientific study of behavior and mental processes	7
6096230745	nature-nurture issue	The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors	8
6096230746	Survival of the Fittest (Natural Selection)	Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully	9
6096230747	biopsychosocial approach	An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis	10
6096230748	biological psychology	A branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior	11
6096230749	evolutionary psychology	A relatively new specialty in psychology that sees behavior and mental processes in terms of their genetic adaptations for survival and reproduction.	12
6096230750	psychodynamic psychology	A branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders	13
6096230751	behavioral psychology	The scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning	14
6096230752	cognitive psychology	an approach to psychology that emphasizes internal mental processes	15
6096230753	social-cultural psychology	the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking	16
6096230754	psychometrics	the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits	17
6096230755	basic research	Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.	18
6096230756	developmental psychology	A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span	19
6096230757	educational psychology	the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning	20
6096230758	personality psychology	the study of an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting	21
6096230759	social psychology	The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another	22
6096230760	applied psychology	The branch of psychology concerned with everyday, practical problems	23
6096230761	industrial-organizational psychology	application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.	24
6096230762	human factors psychology	A branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use	25
6096230763	counseling psychology	A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being	26
6096230764	clinical psychology	A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders	27
6096230765	psychiatry	A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy. Medical degree M.D.	28

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AP french writing transitions Flashcards

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6496714088	à mon avis	in my opinion	0
6496714089	d'après	according to (2)	1
6496714090	en réalité	actually	2
6496714092	en effet	as a matter of fact, indeed	3
6496714093	en tout cas	in any case, at any rate	4
6496714094	en outre	besides, moreover	5
6496714095	selon	according to (1)	6
6496714096	cependant	however, still, nevertheless	7
6496714097	pourtant	nevertheless, however	8
6496714098	néamoins	nevertheless, nonetheless	9
6496714099	toutefois	nevertheless	10
6496714100	quand même	all the same, just the same, nevertheless	11
6496714101	d'un côté	on the one hand	12
6496714102	de l'autre côté	on the other hand	13
6496714103	d'une part	on one side	14
6496714104	de l'autre part	on the other side	15
6496714105	par contre	on the other hand, however	16
6496714106	de plus	besides, moreover	17
6496714107	du reste	besides, moreover	18
6496714108	d'ailleurs	besides, moreover	19
6496714109	par ailleurs	on the other hand	20
6496714110	par conséquent	therefore, consequently	21
6496714111	malgré cela	in spite of that	22
6496714112	malgré tout	in spite of everything, after all	23
6496714113	en revanche	in return, on the other hand	24
6496714114	pas du tout	not at all	25
6496714115	au contraire	on the contrary	26
6496714116	effectivement	actually	27
6496714117	en fait	actually	28
6496714118	enfin	so, finally	29
6496714119	et alors?	so what?	30
6496714120	pour ainsi dire	so to speak	31
6496714121	sans doute	without a doubt	32
6496714122	nul doute que	no doubt that	33

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FR AP le 21 avril Flashcards

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6638590333	la bourse	une somme d'argent donnée par une université pour payer les frais scolaires	0
6638596939	le domaine	un territoire, ou un secteur	1
6638609994	les renseignments	les informations, les détails	2
6638613794	enseigner	l'acte de faire apprendre à quelqu'un	3
6638617978	ouest	la direction occidental	4
6638619304	oriental	l'adjectif qui décrit une région de l'est	5
6638621615	une strophe	comme un paragraphe, mais pour la poésie ou les chansons	6
6638624260	léger	pas lourd, pesant peu	7
6638632315	impressionnant	ce qui marque l'esprit, on dit "Waouh!"	8
6638637367	enregistrer	ce qu'on fait avec un son si l'on veut l'écouter plus tard, comme avec une cassette, ou audacity	9
6638643177	le remue-méninges	une activité pour produire beaucoup d'idées, on se focalise sur la quantités des pensées, pas forcément leur qualité	10
6638649537	le cerveau	organe intellectuel situé sous le crâne, dans la tête	11
6638654439	un exposé	une présentation orale, au but éducatif	12
6638658128	la propriété intellectuelle	un logiciel, un jeu-vidéo, un film ou autre produit numérique que l'on veut protéger des cyberpirates	13
6638669630	améliorer	rendre quelque chose de meilleure qualité	14
6638671668	entièrement	complètement	15
6638673845	le Sénégal	un pays d'Afrique occidental qui est francophone. Le rappeur MC Solaar a ses racines familiales dans ce pays.	16
6638687290	le Maghreb	les trois pays d'Afrique du Nord-Ouest: le Maroc, l'Algérie et la Tunisie. Puis, s'ajoutèrent les extrémités orientale et occidentale que sont la Libye et la Mauritanie	17
6638699112	ancien	2 définitions dont on est "très vieux" si l'adjectif suit le nom, et l'autre est l'autre est comme "ex-" si l'adjectif précède le nom	18
6638716597	des rollers	des patins à roulettes	19
6638719072	sillonner	comme parcourir, aller dans multiples directions	20
6638731600	recto/ verso	les deux côtés d'une feuille de papier	21
6638733775	un logiciel	une programme informatique, comme Word, ou OneNote	22
6638740266	une fraude	un crime, souvent associé avec une loi fiscale	23
6638755048	Franc Cfa (franc des Communautés Financières d'Afrique)	la monnaie dans ces huit pays de l'Afrique occidentale: le Benin, le Burkina Faso, le Guinea-Bissau, la Côte d'Ivoire, le Niger, Sénégal, le Togo et le Mali	24
6638779917	un consommateur	quelqu'un qui achète et utilise un produit	25
6638783609	gaspiller	utiliser des ressources dans une manière irresponsable	26
6638790117	sensibiliser	informer les gens d'une situation importante	27

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AP Kanji 106-120 Flashcards

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6031145729	校	こう school	0
6031145730	学校	がっこう school	1
6031145731	高校	こうこう high school	2
6031145732	港	みなと port	3
6031145733	空港	くうこう airport	4
6031145734	考える	かんがえる to ponder	5
6031145735	行く	いく to go	6
6031145736	旅行	りょこう trip	7
6031145737	一行目	いちぎょうめ first line	8
6031145739	降りる	おりる to get off	9
6031145740	降る	ふる to fall	10
6031145741	高い	たかい high	11
6031145742	合わせる	あわせる to add up	12
6031145743	試合	しあい match	13
6031145744	合計	ごうけい total	14
6031145745	号	ごう number/issue	15
6031145746	番号	ばんごう number	16
6031145747	国	くに country	17
6031145748	外国	がいこく foreign country	18
6031145749	黒	くろ black	19
6031145750	黒板	こくばん blackboard	20
6031145751	今	いま now	21
6031145752	今度	こんど next time/near future	22
6031145753	今夜	こんや tonight	23
6031145754	今朝	けさ this morning	24
6031145755	困る	こまる to suffer	25
6031145756	困難	こんなん difficulty	26
6031145757	婚	こん marriage	27
6031145758	婚約	こんやく engagement	28
6031145759	結婚	けっこん marriage	29
6031145760	左	ひだり left	30
6031145761	左右	さゆう both directions	31
6031145762	最も	もっとも at most	32
6031145763	最高	さいこう the best	33
6031145764	最低	さいてい the absolute worst	34
6031145765	最悪	さいあく the worst	35
6031191486	最新	さいしん the latest	36
6031195904	最近	さいきん recent	37
6031199313	最大	さいだい the biggest	38
6031203302	最初	さいしょ first	39
6031205331	最後	さいご last	40
6031207442	黒人	こくじん black person	41
6031209855	黒字	くろじ in the black (balanced budget)	42
6031213244	国語	こくご national language	43
6031216164	国内	こくない domestic	44
6031220236	韓国	かんこく Korea	45
6031225243	話し合い	はなしあい discussion	46
6031229699	年中行事	ねんちゅうぎょうじ annual events	47

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AP Bio Chapter 8 Flashcards

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5561419033	Metabolism	Sum of all chemical processes	0
5561419034	Catabolic pathways	Break down molecules into simpler molecules; release energy	1
5561419035	Anabolic pathways	Consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones	2
5561419036	Thermodynamics	Study of energy transformation	3
5561419037	Law of Conservation of Energy	States energy can't be created or destroyed	4
5561419038	Law of Entropy	Every energy transfer tends towards greater entropy	5
5561419039	Entropy	Amount of disorder, randomness	6
5561419040	Spontaneous change	Can occur without outside help, can be harnessed to do work, increases stability	7
5561419041	Potential energy	Stored energy	8
5561419042	Kinetic energy	Energy of motion	9
5561419043	Free energy	Portion of a system's energy that can perform work	10
5561419044	Equation for free energy	dG=dH-TdS (d=delta)	11
5561419045	Chemical equillibrium	When the products and reactants in the concentration don't change	12
5561419046	Endergonic	Absorbs energy, dG is negative, not spontaneous Ex. photosynthesis	13
5561419047	Exergonic	Releases energy, dG is positive, spontaneous Ex. cell respiration	14
5561419048	Structure of ATP	Made of adenine, ribose, and triphosphate group	15
5561419049	Function of ATP	Exergonic reaction is coupled with an endergonic reaction through the use of a phosphorylated intermediate	16
5561419050	Activation energy	Energy needed to start a chemical reaction (break bonds before new ones can be made)	17
5561419051	Enzyme function	Proteins which speed chemical reaction (catalysts), names usually end in -ase, lower activation energy (Ea)	18
5561419052	Enzyme structure	Can bind or break apart	19
5561419053	Competitive inhibitors	Molecules that bind to the active site so the substrate can't	20
5561419054	Noncompetitive inhibitors	Molecules that bind to different part of the enzyme, causing the active site to change shape rendering it ineffective	21
5561419055	Denaturation	Protein unravels and loses its proper confirmation in the quaternary structure, no longer works. Caused by change in temperature or pH	22
5561419056	Allosteric Regulation	Allosteric site: area on an enzyme away from the active site to which an activator or inhibitor may bind; changes shape and activity of the active site	23
5561419057	Feedback inhibition	Switching off a metabolic pathway by its end product which often acts as an allosteric inhibitor	24
5561419058	Enzyme cooperativity	Occurs when an enzyme is made of 2 or more polypeptide chains, each with its own active site	25
5561419059	Cofactor	Nonprotein helpers that some enzymes require, inorganic/organic	26
5561419060	Coenzyme	Another name for organic enzymes, usually vitamins	27
5561419061	Metabolic disequillibrium	Reactions in living systems can't reach equillibrium or dG would be 0 and it would die	28

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AP Java Unit 1 Flashcards

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4734228386	Algorithm	a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations	0
4800441551	Hardware	Computer hardware is the collection of physical parts of a computer system.	1
4800444253	Software	The programs, programming languages, and data that direct the operations of a computer system.	2
4800448494	Program	computer program - (computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute; "the program required several hundred lines of code"	3
4843507783	Digital	expressed as series of the digits 0 and 1.	4
4843514782	(Program) Execution	The process by which a computer or virtual machine performs the instructions of a program.	5
4843522150	Compiler	A program that transforms source code into machine language.	6
4843576918	Runtime	The time in which a program is executing.	7
4843621613	Class Libraries	A collection of pre-written classes.	8
4843621615	Console Window	A text user interface used to display and input data.	9
4843621616	Class	An extensible template for creating objects, providing initial values for variables, and containing methods.	10
4843621617	Method	A procedure associated with an object.	11
4843623233	Statement	The smallest standalone element of a programming language that expresses an action to be carried out.	12
4843623234	Strings (String Literals)	A sequence of characters.	13
4843624531	Escape Sequences	A series of characters that do not represent themselves when inside a string. (\n for newline, \t for tab)	14
4843624532	Identifier	A user defined name of a program element.	15
4843626555	Keyword	A word that is reserved by a program for a specific operation.	16
4843626556	Comment	A readable annotation within the source code of a program.	17
4843626557	Syntax	The set of rules that defines the combinations of symbols that forms a valid program.	18
4843626558	Error	An undesired action that results in the termination of a program's execution	19
4843628289	Bug	An error, flaw, or failure in a computer program that causes it to produce an incorrect or unexpected result.	20
4843628290	Decomposition	Breaking a complex problem or system into smaller parts.	21
4843649695	Iterative	The repetition of a block of statements within a computer program.	22
4843649697	Static	Elements that are fixed and not capable of change.	23
4843650701	Static Methods	A method that can be accessed without an object.	24
4843650702	Method Call	Execution of the code contained within a method.	25
4843650703	Flow of Control	The order in which individual statements are executed.	26
4843650704	Data Structure	A defined way of organizing data in a computer	27
4843652774	Redundancy	The inclusion of extra components in case of failure.	28
4843652775	Binary	A base 2 numerical system (0, 1)	29
4843652776	Hexadecimal	A base 16 numerical system(0, 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, A, B, C, D, E, F)	30
4843654997	Java Virtual Machine (JVM)	A platform independent execution environment that converts java code into machine language.	31

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