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AP Flashcards

3724278261	action potential	electrical signal conducted along axons by which information is conveyed from one place to another	0
3724278262	afferent neuron	neuron that conducts action potentials from the periphery toward the CNS	1
3724279770	anterograde	signals that travel "forward" (from cell body to axon terminal, or CNS to periphery)	2
3724279771	associational systems	neural cell circuits that are not part of the relatively defined sensory (input) and motor (output) systems;	3
3724279772	astrocyte	glial cell; regulates ionic milieu or nerve cells and, sometimes transmitter reuptake	4
3724281203	autonomic ganglia		5
3724281204	autonomic motor division (system)	regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands	6
3724282743			7
3724282744	axon	neuronal process that carries the action potential from nerve cell to body to a target	8
3724282745	axon hillock	point at the cell body that is the site of an action potential's initiation	9
3724283893	central nervous system	brain and spinal cord	10
3724283894	chemical synapse	synapses that transmit information via secretion of chemical signals (NT)	11
3724285758	commissure	axon tracts that cross the midline of the brain	12
3724285759	convergence	innervation of a target cell by axons from more than one neuron.	13
3724285760	cortex	superficial mantle of gray matter covering cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum, where most neurons in the brain are located	14
3724285761	cranial nerve ganglia	sensory ganglia associated with cranial nerves; these correspond to the dorsal root ganglia of segmental nerves of the spinal cord	15
3724286522	dendrite	neuronal process arising from nerve cell body that receives synaptic input	16
3724286523	divergence	the branching of a single axon to innervate multiple target cells	17
3724286524	dorsal root ganglia	segmental sensory ganglia of spinal cord; firs order neurons of dorsal column	18
3724286525	efferent neuron	neuron or axon that conducts information away from the CNS toward periphery	19
3724287571	electrical synapse	synapses that transmit information via the direct flow of electrical current at gap junctions	20
3724287572	enteric system	influences gastric motility and secretion	21
3724290117	ganglion	collection of hundreds of thousands of neurons found outside the brain and spinal cord along the course of peripheral nerves	22
3724290118	gene	genetic information is carried by linear sequences of nucleotides in DNA that code for corresponding sequences of amino acids	23
3724290119	glia	support cells associated with neurons	24
3724290120	gray matter	area of CNS rich in neuronal cell bodies and neuropil	25
3724290137	interneuron	neuron whose relatively short axons branch locally to innervate other neurons	26
3724291473	local circuit neuron	neuron that mediates interactions between sensory systems and motor systems	27
3724292645	microglial cell	concerned with repairing damage following neural injury	28
3724294029	motor neuron	any nerve cell that innervates skeletal muscles	29
3724294031	myelin	multilaminated wrapping around many axons formed by olig or Schwann cells	30
3724295138	myotatic spinal reflex	generated by motor response to afferent sensory info arising from muscle spindles ("knee jerk reaction")	31
3724297656	nerve cell		32
3724297657	nerve		33
3724297658	neural circuit		34
3724297659	neural system		35
3724297660	neuroglia		36
3724299098	neuron		37
3724299099	neuropil		38
3724299100	neurotransmitter		39
3733707001	molecule		40
3733707002	receptor		41
3733707003	nucleus		42
3733708281	oligodendrocyte		43
3733708282	parasympathetic division		44
3733709613	peripheral nervous system		45
3733709800	positron emission tomography		46
3733711886	postsynaptic speicialization		47
3733711887	post synaptic terminal		48
3733713834	projection neuron		49
3733713835	receptive field		50
3733714123	receptor potential		51
3733715563	retrograde tracing		52
3733715564	Schwann cell		53
3733721929	sensory systems		54
3733721930	single-cell		55
3733723397	electrophysiological recording		56
3733723398	SPECT		57
3733724940	single-unit		58
3733724941	electrophysiological recording		59
3733726644	somatic motor division		60
3733726645	spinal cord		61
3733726646	sympathetic division		62
3733728099	synaptic cleft		63
3733728100	synaptic potential		64
3733728101	synaptic transmission		65
3733730475	synaptic vesicle tract		66
3733732054	visceral motor division		67
3733732055	white matter		68
3733750806	neuroscience		69
3733750807	cell theory		70
3733752578	diagram of neuron		71
3733754451	how are they specialized for communication		72
3733764631	technique to find boundaries between layers of the cortex		73
3733769014	technique to determine where the axons from nucleus X project		74
3733770959	technique to visualize neurons that make protein Y		75
3733775625	technique to examine detailed dendritic structure of neurons in region Z		76
3733780101	are the number of genes an accurate predictor of organism's complexity		77
3733781457	what did Golgi and Cajal disagree about		78
3733783277	types of glial cells and functions		79
3733783278	why are neurons more important		80
3733784792	difference between CNS and PNS		81

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6183727506	excel	to be better than most people at something	0
6183727507	industrious	working hard to get a lot done	1
6183727508	remote	a place that is far away from where people live	2
6183727509	accompany	to go somewhere with another person	3
6183727510	gesture	to move your hands or body so others will understand you	4
6183727511	reveal	to show something to others for the first time	5
6183727512	conserve	to save things from being used up or destroyed	6

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5580979714	Monopolyo	Uri ng pamilihan na iisa ang nagbibili ng produkto	0
5580979715	Monosopyo	Uri ng pamilihan na iisa ang konsyumer	1
5580979716	Oligopolyo	Isang estraktura ng pamilihan na iilan lamang ang prodyuser ng mga produkto at serbisyo	2
5580979717	Demand	Dami ng produkto at serbisyo na handa at kayang bilhin sa isang tiyak na presyo	3
5580979718	Batas ng supply	Kapag mataas ang presyo ng produkto,marami ang handang ipagbili, ngunit kapag mababa ang presyo,kakaunti ang handang ipagbili habang ang ibang salik ay di-nagbabago	4
5580979719	Supply	Dami ng produkto at serbisyo na handang ipagbili sa iba't ibang antas ng presyo	5
5580979720	Shortage	Kalagayan kung saan ang demand ay mas mataas kesa sa supply	6
5580979721	Surplus	Situation kung saan ang supply ng isang produkto ay mas mataas kaysa sa demand	7
5580979722	Supply Curve	Isang grapikong paglalarawan ng direktang relasyong ng supply at presyo	8
5580979723	Demand Curve	Isang grapikong paglalarawan na magkasalungat na relasyon ng demand at presyo	9
5580979724	Pamilihan	Nagpapakita ng organisadong transaksiyon sa pagitan nga mamimili at nagbibili;lugar kung saan nagtatagpo ang konsyumer at prodyuser	10
5580979725	Price Support	Pinakamababang presyo na itinakda ng pamahalaan na maaaring bilhin ng isang produkto	11
5580979726	Price ceiling	Pinakamataas na presyo na itinakda ng pamahalaan para ipagbili ang isang produkto	12
5580979727	Presyo	Ang halaga na katumbas ng binibiling produkto at serbisyo	13
5580979728	Price floor	Pinakamababa na presyo na itinakda ng pamahalaan para ipagbili ang isang produkto	14
5580979729	Prodyuser	Tagagawa ng mga produkto at serbisyo na kailangan ng ekonomiya	15
5580979730	Ceteris Paribus	Salitang latin na nangangahulugan na ang ibang salik ay di nagbabago	16
5580979731	Downward Sloping	Naglalarawan ng di-tuwiran na relasyon ng dalawang variables na habang ang presyo ay tumataas,ang QD ay bumababa habang ipinalalagay na walang ibang salik na nagbabago	17
5580979732	Elastisidad ng supply	Ang kurba ng elastic na supply kung saan mas malaki ang pagbabago ng supply sa bawat porsiyento ng pagbabago ng presyo.	18
5580979733	Market supply	Makukuha ito kapag pinagsama sama ang mga supply ng bawat prodyuser sa pamilihan	19
5580979734	Franchise	Isang pahintulot mula sa pamahalaan upang mamuhunan sa mga gawaing pambayan.	20
5580979735	Price Control	...	21
5580979736	Supply Shift	...	22
5580979737	Salik ng supply	...	23
5580979738	Upward sloping	Kapag ang QS ay tumataas kaalinsabay ng pagtaas ng presyo na naglalarawan ng tuwirang relasyon ng Qs at presyo	24
5580979739	Ganap na competisyon	Ang pamilihan ay sinasabing may ganap na kompetisyon kapag ang sinumang negosyante ay walang kapangyarihan na palitan o baguhin ang presyo sa pamilihan	25
5580979740	Patent	Ang lisensya na ipinagkaloob ng pamahalaan sa isang indibidwal o negosyo na magkaroon ng karapatan na gumawa, gumamit at magbenta ng isang produkto	26
5580979741	Copyright	Pagtatalaga ng karapatang ari sa isang kompanya na maglathala at magpalabas ng isang makasining na gawain at lathalain sa isang takdang panahon	27
5580979742	Monopolistang competisyon	Magkakatulad ngunit magkakaibang produkto at kakayahang itakda ang presyo	28
5580979743	Consumers	...	29

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6646555826	Inference/infer	To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented.	0
6646560733	Invective	an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.	1
6646565856	Irony/ironic	The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant, or the difference between what appears to be and what is actually true. is often used to create poignancy or humor.	2
6646571919	Juxtaposition	when two words of phrases, images, ideas are placed close together or side by side for comparison or contrast	3
6646573358	Litotes	a form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite.	4
6646575946	Loose sentence	A type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses. If a period were placed at the end of the independent clause, the clause would be a complete sentence.	5
6646577067	Metaphor	A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity.	6
6646578587	metonymy	A term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name," - is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it.	7
6646578588	mood	The prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work. Setting, tone, and events can affect	8
6646579758	narrative	The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events.	9
6646581645	Onomatopoeia	A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words	10
6646582860	Oxymoron	From the Greek for "pointedly foolish," an - is a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox.	11
6646584129	paradox	A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity.	12
6646584949	parallelism	It refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity. This can involve, but is not limited to, repetition of a grammatical element such as a preposition or verbal phrase.	13
6646909316	irony/ironic	situational, verbal, dramatic	14
6646915880	litotes	he's not a fool, Not common	15
6646922663	metonymy	a news release that claims "the White House declared" rather than "the President declared"	16
6646924943	onomatopoeia	buzz, hiss	17
6646930621	paradox	nobody goes to that restaurant because its too crowded	18
6646936772	parallelism	it was the best of times it was the worst of times	19

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6709306254	Satire	literary work that holds up human failings to ridicule and censure	0
6709308884	Scansion	the analysis of verse to show its meter	1
6709308887	Setting	time and place of the action in a story poem or play	2
6709313357	Shakespearean Sonnet	also called an english sonnet a sonnet from that divides the poem into three units of four lines each	3
6709313358	Shaped Verse	poetry that is shaped to look like an object	4
6709317841	Simile	a direct explicit comparison of one thing to another like or as	5
6709320302	Soliloquy	monologue in which the character in a play is alone and speaking only to him or herself	6
6709327950	Speaker	the person not necessarily the author who is the voice of a poem	7
6709327951	Stanza	section of a poem demarcated by extra line spacing	8
6709330980	Sterotype	characterization based on conscious or unconscious assumptions that some one aspect, gender, age, ethic or national identity, religion, occupation, marital status	9
6709330981	Stock Character	one who appears in a number of stories or plays such as the cruel step mother.	10
6709333688	Structure	the organization or arrangement of the various elements in a work.	11
6709333689	Style	distinctive manor of expression each author's style is expressed through his or her diction rhythm imagery.	12
6709335281	Symbolism	a person place thing event or pattern in a literary work that designates itself and at the same time figuratively represents or stands for something else.	13
6709336408	Synecdoche	a part is used to signify a whole as in all hands on deck! and The Rustler bragged he'd absconded with five hundred head of long horns.	14

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AP Literature Vocab Flashcards

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9559743225	Accent	Refers to the stressed portion of a word	0
9559743226	Allegory	A story in which each aspect of the story has a symbol meaning outside of the tale itself	1
9559743227	Alliteration	The repetition of initial consonant sounds	2
9559743228	Allusion	A reference to another work or famous figure	3
9559743229	Anachronism	A misplacement in time	4
9559743230	Analogy	A comparison, usually involving different things	5
9559743231	Antagonist	The force or character opposing the protagonist	6
9559743232	Antecedent	The word, phrase, or clause that determines what a pronoun refers to	7
9559743233	Anticlimax	When an action produced far smaller results than one has been led to expect	8
9559743234	Apostrophe	A figure of speech wherein the speaker talks directly to something that is nonhuman	9
9559743235	Archaism	The use of deliberately old-fashioned language	10
9559743236	Archetype	A pattern, symbol, or other element that recurs in far-flung and mythic literature	11
9559743237	Assonance	The repeated use of vowel sounds	12
9559743238	Atmosphere	The emotional tone/feeling or background that surrounds a scene, poem, or work	13
9559743239	Ballad	A long, narrative poem, usually in very regular meter and rhyme, typically having a naive folksy quality	14
9559743240	Bathos	When writing strains for grandeur it can't support and tries to jerk tears from every moment	15
9559743241	Blank verse	Poetry in unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter, usually	16
9559743242	Bombast	Pretentious, exaggeratedly learned language	17
9559743243	Bildungsroman	A novel dealing with one person's formative years or spiritual education	18
9559743244	Caesura	A song pause build into the middle of a poetic line	19
9559743245	Cacophony	Using deliberately harsh, awkward sounds	20
9559743246	Cadence	The beat of rhythm of a poem in a general sense	21
9559743247	Canto	The name for a sectional division in a long work of poetry	22
9559743248	Caricature	A portrait (verbal or otherwise) that exaggerates a facet of personality	23
9559743249	Catharsis	The cleansing of emotion an audience member experiences, having lived vicariously through the experiences presented on stage	24
9559743250	Chorus	The group of citizens who stand outside the main action on stage and comment on it	25
9559743251	Coinage (neologism)	When a new word is invented on the spot	26
9559743252	Colloquialism	A word or phrases that is used in conversational English that isn't a part of accepted "schoolbook" English	27
9559743253	Conceit	Refers to a startling or unusual metaphor, or to a metaphor developed and expanded upon over several lines	28
9559743254	Denotation and Connotation	The __________ of a word it its literal meaning. The _________ are everything else that the word might suggest or imply	29
9559743255	Consonance	The repetition of consonant sounds within words	30
9559743256	Couplet	A pair of lines that end in rhyme	31
9559743257	Denouement	The final part of a narrative in which the strands of the plot are drawn together and matters are explained or resolved	32
9559743258	Deus ex machina	The unexpected power or event saving a seemingly hopeless situation, especially as a contrived plot device in a play or novel	33
9559743259	Dead metaphor	An implied figurative comparison that through frequent use no longer evokes a picture	34
9559743260	Decorum	In order to observe this, a character's speech must be styled according to their social situation, and in accordance with the occasion	35
9559743261	Didactic	Instructive, intent on imparting a moral, something excessively so	36
9559743262	Diction	A writer's selection of words	37
9559743263	Dirge	A song for the dead	38
9559743264	Dissonance	The grating of incompatible sounds	39
9559743265	Doggerel	Crude, simplistic verse, often in sing-song rhyme	40
9559743266	Dramatic irony	When the audience knows something the character in the drama do not	41
9559743267	Dramatic monologue	When a single speaker in literature says something to a silent audience	42
9559743268	Elegy	A type of poem that meditates on death or mortality in a serious, thoughtful manner	43
9559743269	Eulogy	Remarks in praise of someone who has died	44
9559743270	End-rhyme	Rhyme at the ends of poetic lines	45
9559743271	End-stopped	Poetic lines whose sense concludes as the line concludes	46
9559743272	Anthropomorphism	When inanimate objects, animals, or natural phenomena are given human characteristics, behavior, or motivation	47
9559743273	Enjambment	The continuation of a syntactic unit from one line or couplet of a poem to the next with no pause	48
9559743274	Epic	A very long narrative poem on a serious theme in a dignified style	49
9559743275	Epitaph	Lines that commemorate the dead at their burial place	50
9559743276	Epigraph	A quotation at the beginning of a piece or writing	51
9559743277	Euphemism	A word or phrase that takes the place of a harsh, unpleasant, or impolite reality	52
9559743278	Euphony	When sounds blend harmoniously	53
9559743279	Farce	A funny play or a comedy	54
9559743280	Feminine rhyme	Rhymes involving words of one stressed and then one slack or unstressed syllable	55
9559743281	Foil	A secondary character whose purpose is the highlight the characteristics of a main character, usually by contrast	56
9559743282	Foot	The basic unit of measurement of meter, usually containing one stressed syllable and at least one unstressed syllable	57
9559743283	Foreshadowing	An event or statement in a narrative that in miniature suggests a larger event that comes later	58
9559743284	Free verse	Poetry written without a regular rhyme scheme or metrical platter	59
9559743285	Genre	A subcategory of literature	60
9559743286	Gothic novel	An English genre of fiction popular in the 18th to early 19th centuries, characterized by an atmosphere of mystery and horror and having a pseudo-medieval setting	61
9559743287	Hubris	The excessive pride or ambition that leads to the main character's downfall	62
9559743288	Hyperbole	Exaggeration or deliberate overstatement	63
9559743289	In media res	Latin for "in the midst of things." When a narrative begin in the middle of the action	64
9559743290	Irony	A discrepancy between what is states and what is implied	65
9559743291	Verbal irony	Saying one thing while meaning the opposite	66
9559743292	Cosmic irony	When fate dashes the protagonist's false hopes	67
9559743293	Situational irony	When events turn out to be the opposite of what one would reasonably expect	68
9559743294	Lament	A poem of sadness or grief over the death of a loved one	69
9559743295	Lampoon	A satire	70
9559743296	Lyric	A type of poem that explores the poet's personal interpretation of and feelings about the world	71

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AP Literature Terms Flashcards

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9568017019	Allegory	0
9568017020	Alliteration	1
9568034759	Allusion	2
9568022872	Amplification	3
9568022873	Anagram	4
9568022874	Analogy	5
9568027951	Anastrophe	6
9568043271	Anecdote	7
9568054551	Anthropomorphism	8
9568062329	antithesis	9
9568064452	aphorism	10
9568066936	archetype	11
9568070667	assonance	12
9568081832	asyndeton	13
9568086791	authorial intrusion	14
9568086792	bibliomacy	15
9568098184	bildungsroman	16
9568100438	cacophony	17
9568100439	caesura	18
9568167082	characterization	19
9568167083	chiasmum	20
9568172407	circumlocution	21
9568172408	conflict	22

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5851862585	Anterior	opposite of dorsal	0
5851870130	Posterior	opposite of anterior	1
5851873135	crebral cortex	largest part of the brain	2
5851877239	cerebellum	fight or flight	3
5851879207	frontal lobe	executive functions,thinking planning,organizong	4
5851885459	parietal lobe	perception,making sense of the world	5
5851887424	temporal lobe	memory,understanding language	6
5851894229	occipital lobe	vison	7
5851896320	corpus callosum	the two hemispheres separating the brain	8
5851901520	hippocampus	seahorse,stores memory	9
5851902949	limbic system	memory	10
5851904942	brain stem	contains pathways sending info and receiving info	11
5851913852	pons	sleep pattern	12
5851915458	medulla oblongata	behavior	13
5851917278	spongy bone	red marrow,blood	14
5851920261	homeostasis	self-regulating process which remains stable adjusting to the surrounding	15
5851928042	connective tissue	perioseurn	16
5851931090	neuron	mass of nerve cells that transmit info	17
5851934984	dendrite	short,receive info	18
5851937452	axon	long fiber,conducts impulses away fro the cell body	19
5851943116	myelin sheath	coating of the axon	20
5851947116	sensory cortex	four senses	21
5851949088	motor cortex	motor strip	22
5851950690	synapses	the connection of two neurons	23
5851954363	mirror neuron	empathy vs sympathy	24
5851955756	seahorse	hypocampus	25

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AP Vocab Flashcards

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9714528765	ameliorate	make better	0
9714528766	detrimental	cause harm or injury	1
9714528767	impediment	something immaterial that interferes with action or progress	2
9714528768	subvert	overthrow from the very foundation; ruin	3
9714528769	indolent	disinclined to work or exertion	4
9714528770	alacrity	liveliness and eagerness	5
9714528771	bane	something causing misery or death	6
9714528772	wane	a gradual decline (in size or strength or power or number)	7
9714528773	inane	devoid of intelligence	8
9714528774	caustic	harsh or corrosive in tone	9
9714528775	salutary	beneficial, helpful; healthful, wholesome	10
9714528776	unwieldy	not easily carried, handled, or managed because of size or complexity	11
9714528777	complacent	self-satisfied; smug	12
9714528778	convivial	festive, sociable, having fun together, genial	13
9714528779	elated	in high spirits, jubilant; extremely pleased	14
9714528780	concur	to agree	15
9714528781	novice	a beginner	16
9714528782	dulcet	melodious; pleasing to the ear	17
9714528783	virtuous	having or showing high moral standards	18
9714528784	foil	defeat; frustrate; prevent from being successful; thwart; CF. fail	19
9714528785	pensive	(adj.) thoughtful; melancholy	20
9714528786	buxom	full-bosomed; plump; jolly	21
9714528787	haggard	showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering	22
9714528788	obsequious	showing excessive willingness to serve	23
9714528789	lackey	follower who carries out the wishes of another	24

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6325960368	Assiduous	Hard-working, diligent	0
6325960369	Blandish	To coax by using flattery	1
6325960370	Boon	Gift or blessing	2
6325960371	Brusque	Short, abrupt, dismissive	3
6325960372	Buffet	1) To strike with force 2) An arrangement of food set out on a table	4
6325960373	Burnish	Polish, shine	5
6325960374	Buttress	To support or hold up	6
6325960375	Cacophony	Tremendous noise, disharmonious sound	7
6325960376	Cajole	To urge, coax	8
6325960377	Calumny	An attempt to spoil someone's reputation by spreading lies	9
6325960378	Capricious	Subject to whim, fickle	10
6325960379	Cogent	Intellectually convincing	11
6325960380	Clemency	Mercy	12
6325960381	Concomitant	Accompanied a subordinate fashion	13

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