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AP U9 - Photos Flashcards

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9087705750preguntarask (a question)0
9087705751pedirask for (request)1
9087705752preguntar porask for (inquire about)2
9087705753hacersebecome (change through concious effort)3
9087705754ponerse + adjetivobecome (change in physical or emotional state)4
9087705755llegar a serbecome (goal achieved over time)5
9087705756volverse + adjetivobecome (sudden involuntary change6
9087705757saberto know (facts)7
9087705758saber + infinitivoto know how + infinitive8
9087705759conocerto know (be acquanited with a person, place, or thing)9
9087705760dejarto leave (behind)10
9087705761irseto leave (go away)11
9087705762salirto leave (go out)12
9087705763moverto move (put into motion)13
9087705764moverseto move (to put oneself into motion)14
9087705765mudarto move (change the location of something)15
9087705766mudarseto move (change place of residence, work, etc)16
9087705767gastarto spend (money)17
9087705768pasarto spend (time)18
9087705769jugarto play (sports, games)19
9087705770hacer (un papel)to play (a role)20
9087705771tocarto play (a musical instrument, music)21
9087705772volverto return (come back)22
9087705773devolverto return (to give back)23
9087705774llevarto take (carry from place to place)24
9087705775tomarto take (catch, grasp, seize, take in)25
9087705776pensar deto think of / about (used to ask for an opinion)26
9087705777pensar ento think of / about (used to express what is on someone's mind)27
9087705778La CatrinaMexican skull figure28
9087705779La calaverathe skull29
9087705780El difuntothe deceased/the corpse30
9087705781el dibujantethe artist (drawer)31
9087705782el maquillajethe makeup32
9087705783el rostrothe face33
9087705784la máscarathe mask34
9087705785honrarto honor35
9087705786habitarto live,inhabit36
9087705787el esqueletothe skeleton37
9087705788la iconografíathe iconography38
9087705789señalarto point out, emphasize39
9087705790rescatarto rescue40
9087705791la muralistathe muralist41
9087705792regalarto give42
9087705793el disfrazthe costume43
9087705794desatarseto be unleashed44
9087705795la cadenathe chain45
9087705796ubicarto place, assign46
9087705797el vestuariothe wardrobe47
9087705798ni siquieranot even48
9087705799estar al tantoto be aware,to keep an eye out49
9087705800autóctononative, indigenous50
9087705801el atuendothe attire51
9087705802arraigarto ingrain, establish52
9087705803el sincretismothe syncretism53
9087705804radicarto be situated, located54
9087705805la herenciathe heritage55
9087705806denominarto name, designate56
9087705807la diosathe goddess57
9087705808la etniaethnic group58
9087705809la ama de casahousewife59
9087705810aceptarto accept60
9087705811asustarto frighten61
9087705812cumplirto complete, fulfill62
9087705813cumplir añosto turn years old63
9087705814disfrazarse (de)to disguise oneself (as)64
9087705815festejarto celebrate; to "wine and dine"65
9087705816gastar una bromato play a prank66
9087705817hacer travesuras (a)to play tricks (on)67
9087705818morir (ue, u)to die68
9087705819rechazar toreject69
9087705820tener miedoto be afraid70
9087705821la brujawitch71
9087705822el Día de las Brujas*Halloween72
9087705823el cementeriocemetery73
9087705824el cumpleañosbirthday74
9087705825el Día de los MuertosAll Souls' Day75
9087705826el Día de Todos los Santos*All Saints' Day76
9087705828los dulcescandy; sweets77
9087705830el fantasmaghost78
9087705831el más alláthe hereafter; life after death79
9087705832el miedofear80
9087705833el monstruomonster81
9087705834la muertedeath82
9087705835el/la muerto/adead person83
9087705836la Semana santaSanta Holy Week (week prior to Easter)84
9087705837la velacandle85
9087705838travieso/amischievous86
9087705839lo sobrenaturalthe supernatural87
9087705840tíaaunt88
9087705841hermanobrother89
9087705842cuñadobrother-in-law90
9087705843hijoschildren91
9087705844primo/acousin92
9087705845papi, papitodad, daddy93
9087705846hijadaughter94
9087705847nueradaughter-in-law95
9087705848padrefather96
9087705849suegrofather-in-law97
9087705850primogénitofirst-born98
9087705851ahijadagoddaughter99
9087705852padrinogodfather100
9087705853madrinagodmother101
9087705854ahijadogodson102
9087705855nietosgrandchildren103
9087705856nietagranddaughter104
9087705857abuelograndfather105
9087705858abuelagrandmother106
9087705859abuelosgrandparents107
9087705860nietograndson108
9087705861bisabuelogreat-grandfather109
9087705862bisabuelagreat-grandmother110
9087705863bisabuelosgreat-grandparents111
9087705864marido, esposohusband112
9087705865mami, mamitamom,113
9087705866madremother114
9087705867suegramother-in-law115
9087705868sobrinonephew116
9087705869sobrinaniece117
9087705870hijo/a único/aonly child118
9087705871huérfanoorphan119
9087705872padresparents120
9087705873hermanasister121
9087705874cuñadasister-in-law122
9087705875hijoson123
9087705876yernoson-in-law124
9087705877hijastrastepdaughter125
9087705878padrastrostepfather126
9087705879madrastrastepmother127
9087705880hijastrostepson128
9087705881tíouncle129
9087705882esposawife130
9087705883de costumbrecustomarily131
9087705884punto de partidapoint of departure, a place from which to start (a journey, or a discussion, anything)132
9087705885el bienestarwellbeing133
9087705886el desarrollodevelopment134
9087705887el reflejoreflection135
9087705888asumir un retotake on a challenge136
9087705889sin fin de lucronon-profit137
9087705890en las afueras deon the outskirts of138
9087705891surgirsurge, arise, emerge139
9087705892apoderarsetake control of, overpower140
9087705893aumentarto increase141
9087705894rodearto surround142
9087705895rodeado/asurrounded143
9087705896la bromathe joke144
9087705897el liderazgoleadership145
9087705898los valoresvalues146
9087705899promover (o:ue)promote147
9087705900sencillo/asimple, without complication148
9087705902poner en marchaput into motion, get something started149
9087705903aislado/aisolated150
9087705904la brecha digitaldigital divide, gap151
9087705905el contenidocontents152
9087705906los recursosresources153
9087705907el riesgothe risk154
9087705908el chismegossip155
9087705909la dicotomíathe dichotomy - división entre dos cosas que son opuestas o están en oposición156
9087705910la herramientathe tool157
9087705911el perfilthe profile158
9087705912la redthe internet159
9087705913el seguidorfollower160
9087705914a través dethrough, by means of161
9087705915el mediothe means162
9087705916restringido/arestricted163
9087705917solertend to164
9087705918acerca deabout (in subject matter)165
9087705919la vida diariadialy life166
9087705920la desventajathe disadvantage167
9087705921la ventajathe advantage168
9087705922los usuariosusers (digital media)169
9087705923sin embargononetheless170
9087705924plantearpose, raise (a question)171
9087705925por un ladoon one hand172
9087705926el valorworth or value173
9087705927lograr + infto manage to do something174
9087705928la marcathe brand175
9087705929mejorado/aimproved176
9087705930el apoyosupport177
9087705931apoyarto support178
9087705932capaz decapable of179
9087705933el promediothe average180
9087705934difundirspread, disseminate181
9087705935el internautainternet user182
9087705936recopilargather, compile183
9087705937destacarstand out, distinguished among peers184
9087705938la profundidadthe depth185
9087705939el chaval, la chavala, los chavalesyoung person, youth186
9087705940el acosothe act of bullying187
9087705941dar la sensaciónque give the impression that188
9087705942el anonimatoanonymity189
9087705943compartirto share190
9087705944la encuestathe survey191
9087705945ejecutarcarry out, execute, put in play192
9087705946diseñarto design193
9087705947empobrecimientoimpoverishment, loss of income194
9087705948fortalecerto strengthen195
9087705949el hogarthe home196
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AP CSP Unit 4 Flashcards

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8753688322Moore's Lawthe observation that computing power roughly doubles every two years.0
8753688323Big Dataa broad term for datasets so large or complex that traditional data processing applications are inadequate.1
8753688324One-pagerA business/corporate term for a one-page document that summarizes a large issue, topic or plan. The purpose is to distill and highlight the most important pieces of information in a digestible manner so that the reader can be quickly acquainted with the relevant details of the "big picture."2
8753688325Caesar Ciphera technique for encryption that shifts the alphabet by some number of characters3
8753688326Cipherthe generic term for a technique (or algorithm) that performs encryption4
8753688327Cracking EncryptionWhen you attempt to decode a secret message without knowing all the specifics of the cipher, you are trying to "crack" the encryption.5
8753688328Decryptiona process that reverses encryption, taking a secret message and reproducing the original plain text6
8753688329Encryptiona process of encoding messages to keep them secret, so only "authorized" parties can read it.7
8753688330Random Substitution Cipheran encryption technique that maps each letter of the alphabet to a randomly chosen other letters of the alphabet.8
8753688331Vigenère Ciphera method of encrypting text by applying a series of Caesar ciphers based on the letters of a keyword.9
8753688332Computationally Harda "hard" problem for a computer is one in which it cannot arrive at a solution in a reasonable amount of time.10
8753688333Symmetric Encryptiona type of encryption where the same key is used to encrypt and decrypt the message.11
8753688334Asymmetric Encryptionused in public key encryption, it is scheme in which the key to encrypt data is different from the key to decrypt.12
8753688335Moduloa mathematical operation that returns the remainder after integer division.13
8753688336Private KeyIn an asymmetric encryption scheme the decryption key is kept private and never shared, so only the intended recipient has the ability to decrypt a message that has been encrypted with a public key.14
8753688337Public Key EncryptionUsed prevalently on the web, it allows for secure messages to be sent between parties without having to agree on, or share, a secret key. It uses an asymmetric encryption scheme in which the encryption key is made public, but the decryption key is kept private.15
8753688338Phishing ScamTypically a thief trying to trick you into sending them sensitive information. Typically these include emails about system updates asking you send your username and password, social security number or other things.16
8753688339DDoS (Distributed denial of service) AttackTypically a virus installed on many computers (thousands) activate at the same time and flood a target with traffic to the point the server becomes overwhelmed - doing this can render web services like DNS, or routers, or certain websites useless and unresponsive.17
8753688340Virusa program that runs on a computer to do something the owner of the computer does not intend; can be used as a Bot Net to trigger a DDoS-style attack, or they can spy on your computer activity, such as capturing all the keystrokes you make at the computer, or websites you visit, etc.18
8753688341Antivirus softwareusually keeps big lists of known viruses and scans your computer looking for the virus programs in order to get rid of them.19
8753688342Firewallsoftware that runs on servers (often routers) that only allows traffic through according to some set of security rules.20
8753688343SSL (secure sockets layer) and TLS (transport layer security)use public key cryptography to establish a secure connection.21
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Chapter 4 AP Flashcards

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4843768984indentured servantsMen, women, and sometimes children signed a contract with a master to serve a term of 4 to 7 years. In exchange for their service, the indentured servants received their passage paid from England, as well as food, clothing, and shelter once they arrived in the colonies.0
4843774175The headright systemThe headright system was originally created in 1618 in Jamestown, Virginia. It was used as a way to attract new settlers to the region and address the labor shortage. With the emergence of tobacco farming, a large supply of workers was needed. New settlers who paid their way to Virginia received 50 acres of land1
4843777022Bacon's RebellionBacon's Rebellion was an armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor William Berkeley.2
4843780621The Royal African CompanyThe Royal African Company was a mercantile company set up by the Stuart family and London merchants to trade along the west coast of Africa. It was led by James, Duke of York, Charles II's brother.3
4843782727middle passagethe sea journey undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to the West Indies.4
4843785779Slaves codesSlaves codes were state laws established to determine the status of slaves and the rights of their owners. Slave codes placed harsh restrictions on slaves' already limited freedoms, often in order to preempt rebellion or escape, and gave slave owners absolute power over their slaves.5
4843789571Congregational churchesCongregational churches are Protestant churches practicing congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation independently and autonomously runs its own affairs. Congregationalism is often considered to be a part of the wider Reformed tradition.6
4843793532jeremiadlong, mournful complaint or lamentation; a list of woes.7
4843802320Half-Way CovenantThe Half-Way Covenant is a form of partial church membership created by New England in 1662. It was promoted in particular by the Reverend Solomon Stoddard, who felt that the people of the English colonies were drifting away from their original religious purpose.8
4843805973The Salem witch trialsThe Salem witch trials occurred in colonial Massachusetts between 1692 and 1693. More than 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft—the Devil's magic—and 20 were executed. Eventually, the colony admitted the trials were a mistake and compensated the families of those convicted.9
4843817052Leisler's RebellionLeisler's Rebellion was an uprising in late 17th century colonial New York, in which German American merchant and militia captain Jacob Leisler seized control of the colony's south and ruled it from 1689 to 1691.10
4843820591Sir William BerkeleySir William Berkeley was a colonial governor of Virginia, and one of the Lords Proprietors of the Colony of Carolina; he was appointed to these posts by King Charles II of England, of whom he was a favorite.11
4843825888Nathaniel BaconNathaniel Bacon (January 2, 1647 - October 26, 1676) was a colonist of the Virginia Colony, famous as the instigator of Bacon's Rebellion of 1676, which collapsed when Bacon himself died from fever.12
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pre ap chem gases Flashcards

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8348937276Kinetic Theoryparticles are always in motion0
8348937278vacuumspace void of matter1
8348937279atmospheric pressurewhen there you are at a higher elevation then there is less atmosphere so less pressure2
8348937280Diffusionmovement of gas from high to low3
8348937281Effusionhigh gas to low gas4
8348937282barometerinstrument to measure atmospheric pressure5
8348937283pressureis caused by the collisions of molecules with the walls of a contaiter6
8348937284Pressure increasesif you decrease the size of the container then what happens to the pressure7
8348937285Boyles lawP1V1=P2V2 if the pressure increases then the volume will decrease8
8348937286Charles lawV1/T1=V2/T2 The volume increases then the temperature will increase9
8348937287Gay Lussac lawP1/T1=P2/T2 if the volume stays the same then if the pressure increases so will the temperature10
8348937288Combined gas lawP1V1/T1=P2V2/T211
8348937289Daltons law of partial pressureTotal pressure of a gas is equal to the sum of the partial pressure of the component gases12
8348937290Ideal gas lawPV=nRT13
8348937291avagadros gas lawat stp 1 mole of any gas will occupy 22.4 L of space14
8348937293Temperature, Volume, MolesThe three factors that affect gas pressure15
8348937294Graham's law of effusionif the temperatures and pressures are the same then the rates of effusion are inversely proportional to the square root of their molar mass16
8348937295equation of graham's law of effusionA is always the lighter gas17
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AP Micro Unit 1 Flashcards

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8641327364economicsthe study of how society manages its scarce resources the study of how society manages its scarce resources0
8641392629market economyEconomic decisions are made by individuals or the open market. Economic decisions are made by individuals or the open market.1
8641392630command economya system in which the central government makes all economic decisions2
8641392631mixed economyan economic system combining private and public enterprise. an economic system combining private and public enterprise.3
8641394667incentivesrewards or other stimuli that motivate us to act4
8641394668factors of productionland, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship5
8641394669scarcitylimited and desirable; the limited resources and unlimited wants and needs of society6
8641397515marginal analysisanalysis that involves comparing marginal benefits and marginal costs analysis that involves comparing marginal benefits and marginal costs7
8641397516ceteris paribusa Latin phrase that means "all other things held constant"; "all things being equal"8
8641400195opportunity costthe cost of the alternative; value of the trade-off; what is given up of one thing to produce more of another9
8641400196microeconomicsthe study of how households and firms make decisions and how they interact in markets the study of how households and firms make decisions and how they interact in markets; (individual actors in the economy)10
8641400197macroeconomicsthe study of economy-wide phenomena, including inflation, unemployment, and economic growth the study of economy-wide phenomena, including inflation, unemployment, and economic growth11
8641402529aggregatestotal; summation of all the individual parts in the economy;12
8641402530positive economicsthe study of what is, and how the economy works13
8641404764normative economicsan analysis based on value judgments14
8641406532production possibilities curvean economic model used to illustrate limited resources and trade-offs an economic model used to illustrate limited resources and trade-offs; shows opportunity costs15
8641406533efficiencyusing resources in such a way as to maximize the production of goods and services; "on the curve"16
8641410239underemploymentinefficiency in the use of resources; wasting resources17
8641410240comparative advantagethe ability to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than another producer the ability to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than another producer18
8641413685absolute advantagethe ability to produce more of a given product using a given amount of resources19
8641413686gains from tradethe improvement in outcomes that occurs when producers specialize and exchange goods and services20
8641415495economic growththe ability of the economy to increase the production of goods and services- usually through specialization and trade21
8641415496linear relationshipa relationship that has a straight line graph- for PPC (resources are comparable; similar)22
8641419251nonlinear relationshipa curve that shows the relationship between two variables in a non-straight line23
8641419252sloperise over run24
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AP Environmental Science Review Flashcards

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8429804569transform boundariesOccur where plates slide PAST each other.0
8429804571divergent boundariesOccur where two plates slide APART from each other with the space that was created being filled with molten magma from below.1
8429804583What do volcano eruptions do to our atmosphere?-Release CO2, SO2, HCl -debris and particulates can block sunlight, making a cooler climate2
8429804585O HorizonSurface litter: leaves and partially decomposed organic debris. Thick in deciduous forests, thin in the tundra.3
8429804587E HorizonZone of leaching: dissolved and suspended materials move downward. In-between A and B horizon.4
8429804589C HorizonWeathered parent material: partially broken-down inorganic minerals5
8429804590parent materialThe rock and minerals from which the soil derives. Nature of parent rock can be native to the area or transported by wind, water, glaciers, etc.6
8429804592gravel-coarse particles -consists of rock fragments7
8429804593loam-about equal mixtures of clay, sand, silt, and humus -rich in nutrients -holds water but does not become waterlogged8
8429804595silt-sedimentary material consisting of very fine particles between the size of sand and clay -easily transported by water9
8429804601problems of salinizationstunted crop growth; lower yield; eventual destruction of plant life10
8429804604problems of desertificationloss of native vegetation; increased wind erosion; salinization; drop in water table; reduced surface water supply11
8429804629Relationship between cold and hot airCold air is more dense, hot air is less dense and more spread out12
8429804631specific heatis the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius (water has a high specific heat)13
8429804635Rain shadow (orographic) effectthe loss of moisture from the landscape and the resulting semiarid or arid conditions on the leeward side of high mountains -Windward= lush, green, clouds, precipitation, ocean...leedward= deserts, sinking air, dry14
8429804636Coriolis Effectan effect whereby a mass moving in a rotating system experiences a force (the Coriolis force) acting perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the axis of rotation.15
8429804637El Niño and La Niña (Southern Oscillation (ENSO))large-scale weather phenomenon occurs every few years when prevailing winds in the tropical Pacific Ocean weaken and change direction o Above-average warming of Pacific waters affects populations of marine species by changing the distribution of plant nutrients, hurting fishing industry o Low nutrients, low dissolved oxygen (in South America, but in Australia during La Niña) o Severe flooding, storms, drought, mudslides, $ damage, human health hazards (dehydration, diarrhea, zoonotic diseases [lyme, Hanta])16
8429804653oligotrophic lakeslakes that have a small supply of plant nutrients e.g. glaciers, mountains, lakes17
8429804662limiting factors that determine where a species will live:• temperature • dissolved oxygen content • availability of food • availability of light and nutrients for photosynthesis18
8429804665turbiditywhen the water is clouded by excessive algal growth or natural/human disturbances like waves, wind, currents, boats, tides, storms, etc. • can prevent sunlight from penetrating the water for photosynthetic plants • can clog fish kills • can prevent fish/organisms from properly hunting prey19
8429804692aquifers• underground caverns and porous layers of sand, gravel, or bedrock through which groundwater flows • most aquifers recharge extremely slowly because urban development prevents water from easily penetrating the ground20
8429804693confined aquifersis bounded above and below by less permeable beds of rock, and its water is confined under pressure21
8429804694unconfined aquifersis an aquifer with a permeable water table22
8429804700saltwater intrusionmovement of saltwater into an aquifer, which may cause contamination23
8429804712sinkholeslarge craters that form when the roof of an underground cavern collapses after being drained of the groundwater that supports it24
8429804722flood irrigationwater is distributed over the soil surface by gravity; the most common form of irrigation and most inefficient; loses 40% of water25
8429804725drip or trickle irrigation (micro irrigation)method that saves water and fertilizer by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either onto the soil surface or directly onto the root zone, through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters; MOST efficient method because least evaporation; 90-95% of water reaches the crops26
8429804751keystone specieshave a large effect on the types and abundance of other species in an ecosystem (e.g. shark, bumblebee, sea otters in kelp forests)27
8429804753biomassthe amount of living material, or the amount of organic material contained in living organisms, both as live and dead material, as in the leaves (live) and stem wood (dead) of trees28
8429804757early successional species/pioneer speciesspecies that occur only or primarily during early stages of succession. With vegetation, these are typically rapidly growing and short-lived with high reproductive rates.29
8429804759late successional speciesspecies that occur only or primarily in, or are dominant in late stages in succession. With plants, these are typically slower growing and long-lived species.30
8429804763competitive exclusion principleno two species can occupy exactly the same ecological niche for very long (e.g. cheetahs and lions)31
8429804767resource partitioningoccurs when species competing for similar scarce resources evolve specialized traits that allow them to use shared resources at different times, in different ways, or in different places32
8429804770biotic potential• is the maximum reproductive capacity of a population if resources are unlimited • Large animals (e.g. elephants), low potential • small animals (e.g. bacteria), high potential33
8429804771Intrinsic rate of increase (r)• rate at which a population would grow if it had unlimited resources • High rate= reproduces early, short generation times, reproduces many times, many offspring34
8429804773carrying capacity (K)maximum population of a given species that a particular habitat can sustain indefinitely without being degraded35
8429804781density-dependent factors:infectious disease, parasitism, predation, competition36
8429804782density-independent factors:habitat destruction, pollution, temperature change37
8429804784commensalism+, / relationship in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm38
8429804789habitat fragmentationis when large areas of habitat are divided typically by roads, crop fields or projects; blocks animals migration routes; animals are more vulnerable to die because of the small, enclosed space39
8429804798CITES(Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) an international treaty banning the hunting and trade of endangered species; Created a list of animals in which countries who sign are forced to protect them40
8429804799Endangered Species Act 1973designed to identify and protect endangered species in the United States; most far-reaching environmental act ever41
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Ap Flashcards

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6729866287EEGdetects brain waves. Examine what type of waves the brain produces during different stages of conciousness.0
6729866288CATsophisticated x-ray. Can only show brain structure.1
6729866289MRImore detailed CAT, uses magnetic fields. Not exposed to radiation like CAT scan.2
6729866290PETSee what areas of the brain are active during certain tasks. Measures chemicals.3
6729866291FMRIcombines MRI and PET. Shows details of brain structure and chemical activity.4
6729866292PonsControls facial expression5
6729866293CerebellumVoluntary motor function6
6729866294Adrenal glandsProduce adrenaline7
6729866295Klinefelters syndromeExtra X chromosome, minimal sexual development and extreme introversion.8
6729866296Turners syndromeBorn with signal X chromosome where twenty third pair is. Shortness, webbed neck, sexual development.9
6729866297Somatic nervous systwmControls voluntary muscle movement10
6729866298Autonomic nervous systwmAutomatic functions of the body, response to stress. Divided into sympathetic and para sympathetic.11
6729866299Sympathetic nervous systemMobilizes stress response. Alert system12
6729866300Parasympathetic nervous sysyemSlows down body after stress.13
6729866301Peripheral nervous sytemAll nerves not cased in bone. Divided into somatic and autonomic.14
6729866302Central nervous systemAll nerves in bone. Brain and spinal cord.15
6729951337Terminal buttonThe branched end of the axon that contains neurotransmitters.16
6729951338APA ethical guide lines (human)Voluntary, consent, anonymous, low risk, debrief17
6729951339APA ethical guide lines (animal)Purpose, care and house humanely, least amount of Suffering. Legal animals.18
6729951340Inferential statisticsTo determine whether or not findings can be applied to the larger population.19
6729951341Correlation coefficientStrength of a correlation. Range from -1 to +1. (-1 perfect negative, +1 perfect positive, 0 weakest correlation)20
6732038831Solomon aschSocial psychology, conformity and impression formation experiments21
6732038832Albert banduraLearning& personality social learning theory (modeling) reciprocal determinism; self efficacy22
6732038833Albert EllisTreatments of psychological disorders (rebt)23
6732038834Erik EriksonDevelopmental psychology psychosocial stage theory of development (identity)24
6732038835FreudPsychosexual stage theory of personality; unconscious, dreams ect25
6732038836Harry HarlowDevelopment psychology, attachment studies with infant monkeys26
6732038837KohlbergDevelopmental, moral development(Heinz dilemma)27
6732038838MaslowHierarchy of needs; self actualization28
6732038839MilgramObedience shock study29
6732038840PavlovDogs, classical conditioning30
6732038841PiagetStage theory of cognitive development31
6732038842RogersPerson centered psychology, unconditional positive regard32
6732038843SkinnerOperant conditioning, reinforcement33
6732038844WatspnBehavioralism, baby Albert34
6732038845WundtFirst laboratory, structuralism35
6732038846StructuralismThe idea that the mind operates by combining subjective emotions and objective sensations. Introspection36
6732038847Gestalt psychologyExamined a persons total experience because the way we experience the world is "more that just an accumulation of various perceptual experiences.37
6732038848Counter balancingDoing a scientific experiment in different orders38
6732038849Confounding variableAny difference between the experimental and the control groups.39
6732038850BehavioralismLook at only behavior and causes of behavior.40
6732038851TransductionSignals are transformed into neural impulses41
6732038852Sensory adaptationGetting used to a stimuli, less responsive42
6732038853Sensory habituationHow focused we are on stimuli43
6732038854CorneaHelps focus light44
6732038855Pupil"Camera shutter" lets more light in or shuts light out45
6732038856LensFocuses light46
6732038857RetinaImage projects on this47
6732038858FoveaContains highest concentration of cones.48
6732038859Nerve deafnessHair cells in cochlea are damaged, usually by loud noise49
6732038860Conduction deafnessWhen something goes wrong with system of conducting sound into cochlea.50
6732038861Vestibular senseHow our body is oriented in space51
6732038862Kinesthetic senseOverall orientation of the body52
6732038863Webers lawSmallest amount of change we can detect in a stimuli53
6732038864Bottom up processingOnly use the features of object to build complete perception54
6732038865Top down processingWhen you use background knowledge to fill in gaps of what you perceive55
6732038866Preconscious levelInfo about self or environment that you aren't currently thinking of.56
6732038867Subconscious levwlInfo we are not aware of consciously but know must exist due to behavior57
6732038868ChainingAnimals can be taught to preform a number of things successively in order to get reward58
6732038869Premack principalIf something is more tolerable it will be more easily learned59
6732038870Three box/info processing modelSensory ->short term-> long term60
6732038871Iconic memorySpilt second photograph of a scene61
6732038872Echoic memoryBrief memory for sounds62
6732038873Types of long term memoeyEpisodic(specific events), semantic(world knowledge, facts), procedural(skills and how to preform them)63
6732038874Anterograde amnesiaCannot encode new memories but can remember old64
6732038875Yerkes Dodson lawMedium arousal level65
6732038876Cannon bardSimultaneous66
6732038877James LangeArousal creates emotion67
6732038878Two factoeBoth psychical and cognitive labeling create emotional response.68
6732038879Idiographic theoristUsing same set of traits to classify all people is possible69
6732038880Barnum effectVague things like horoscopes70
6732038881AcetylcholineMotor movement (lack is associated with Alzheimer's)71
6732038882DopamineMotor movement and alertness (excess: schizophrenia lack: Parkinson's)72
6732038883EndorphinsPain control (involved in addictions)73
6732038884SerotoninMood control (lack associated with depression)74
6732038885GABAinhibitory neurotransmitter (seizures, sleep problems)75
6732038886GlutamateExcitatory neurotransmitter involved in memory (migraines and seizures)76
6732038887NorepinephrineAlertness,arousal (depression)77
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Ap Flashcards

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6165461617interest-rate effectthe tendency for INCREASES in the PRICE LEVEL to INCREASE the demand for money, and RAISE interest rates. =reduce total spending + real output0
6165469283foreign purchases effectthe INVERSE relationship between NET EXPORTS of an economy and its PRICE LEVEL relative to foreign price levels.1
6165472470efficiency wagesan ABOVE MARKET (equilibrium) wage that minimizes wage costs PER UNIT of output by encouraging greater effort or reducing turnover.2
6165481084menu coststhe RELUCTANCE of firms to CUT PRICES during recessions (that they think will be short-lived) because of the costs of altering and communicating their price reductions; named after the cost associated with printing new menus.3
6165495087short-run aggregate supply curvean aggregate supple curve relevant to a time period in which INPUT PRICES DO NOT CHANGE IN RESPONSE TO PRICE LEVEL CHANGES4
6165509644determinants of aggregate demandfactor such as: - consumption spending investments government spending net exports If they change- the aggregate demand curve changes5
6165512134determinants of aggregate suply876
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AP Organelles Flashcards

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7610966219RibosomeComposed of Large and Small subunits; responsible for protein synthesis0
7610966220MitochondriaContains structures such as the cristae, inner membrane, out membrane, and matrix. Location of aerobic respiration.1
7610966221Golgi ApparatusReceives vesicles and their contents from smooth ER , modifies them, repackages them into vesicles and distributes them to the plasma membrane by exocytosis2
7610966222Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumSystem of internal membranes within the cytoplasm. Membranes are rough due to the presence of ribosomes. functions in transport of substances such as proteins within the cytoplasm3
7610966224lysosomemembranous organelle with hydrolytic enzymes that digests macromolecules such as complex lipids or proteins.4
7610966226Centriolecylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.5
7610966227CytoskeletonNetwork of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement.6
7610966232Smooth ERmembranous organelle responsible for lipid synthesis, storage of calcium and detoxification of poisons.7
7610966233Vacuoleorganelle that can store various materials, helps plant cells maintain their shape.8
7610966235Cilia or Flagellasmall short hairs or long whip like projections that aid in cell motility.9
7610994856Microvillismall finger like extensions of the exposed plasm membrane of an epithelial cell10
7611000308peroxisomesmakes hydrogen peroxide to detoxify alcohol or convert lipids to be used for energy11
7611003645nucleusContains the DNA in a eukaryote cell.12
7611006307nucleolusNon-membranus structure involved in production of ribosomes; located in the nucleus13
7611011008cytoplasmCytoplasm Area from Plasma Membrane to the Nucleus filled with cytolsol - the jelly-like material organelles are suspended in.14
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