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AP Spanish - Appendix A Flashcards

Vocabulario Appendix A: Reading Tables and Graphs

5499286352	gráfica	chart	0
5499286353	gráfico de barras (m)	bar graph	1
5499286354	gráfico de líneas (m)	line graph	2
5499286355	gráfico de sectores/circular (m)	pie graph	3
5499286356	tabla	table	4
5499286357	altura	height	5
5499286358	ancho, anchura	width	6
5499286359	barra	bar	7
5499286360	celda, casillero	cell in a table	8
5499286361	cifra, dígito	number	9
5499286362	columna	column	10
5499286363	curva	curve	11
5499286364	dato	fact, piece of information	12
5499286365	eje (m) horizontal/vertical	horizontal/vertical axis	13
5499286366	elemento	element	14
5499286367	estadísticas	statistics	15
5499286368	fila	row	16
5499286369	intervalo	interval	17
5499286370	longitude, largo	length	18
5499286371	línea	line	19
5499286372	parte	part	20
5499286373	punto	point	21
5499286374	variable	variable	22
5499286375	ascender	to ascend	23
5499286376	aumentar	to increase	24
5499286377	cambiar	to change	25
5499286378	cambio	change	26
5499286379	caer por debajo	to fall below	27
5499286380	comparación (f)	comparison	28
5499286381	constantemente	constantly	29
5499286382	correlación (f)	correlation	30
5499286383	crecer	to grow	31
5499286384	creciente	increasing	32
5499286385	crecimiento	growth	33
5499286386	de forma continua	continuously	34
5499286387	decreciente	decreasing	35
5499286388	deferir	to be different	36
5499286389	disminuir	to decrease	37
5499286390	distribución (f)	distribution	38
5499286391	(es) equivalente a	equivalent to	39
5499286392	fluctuación (f)	fluctuation	40
5499286393	fluctuar	to fluctuate	41
5499286394	frecuencia	frequency	42
5499286395	índice (m)	index, rate	43
5499286396	máximo	maximum	44
5499286397	mayoría	majority	45
5499286398	medida	measurement	46
5499286399	mínimo	minimum	47
5499286400	minoría	minority	48
5499286401	mostrar	to show	49
5499286402	nivel (m)	level	50
5499286403	patron (m)	pattern	51
5499286404	porcentaje (m)	percentage	52
5499286405	proporcional	proportional	53
5499286406	reducción (f)	decrease, reduction	54
5499286407	reflejar	to reflect	55
5499286408	representar	to represent	56
5499286409	restante	remaining	57
5499286410	seguir cayendo/aumentado	to continue falling/increasing	58
5499286411	ser proporcional	to be proportional	59
5499286412	subir	to climb	60
5499286413	superar	to exceed	61
5499286414	tasa	rate	62
5499286415	tendencia	trend	63
5499286416	variación (f)	variation	64
5499286417	valor (m)	value (mathematics)	65
5499286418	decimal (m)	decimal	66
5499286419	fracción (f)	fraction	67
5499286420	mil	one thousand	68
5499286421	mil millones	one billion	69
5499286422	millón	one million	70
5499286423	por ciento	percent	71
5499286424	promedio, medio	average, mean, mid point	72
5499286425	total (m)	the whole	73
5499286426	1/2 un medio	1-1/2 uno y medio, etc.	74
5499286427	1/3 un tercio	2/3 dos tercios, etc.	75
5499286428	1/4 un cuarto	2/4 dos cuartos, etc.	76
5499286429	1/6 un sexto	2/6 dos sextos, etc.	77
5499286430	1/7 un séptimo	2/7 dos séptimos, etc.	78
5499286431	1/8 un octavo	2/8 dos octavos, etc.	79
5499286432	1/9 un noveno	2/9 dos novenos, etc.	80
5499286433	1/10 un décimo	2/10 dos décimos, etc.	81

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AP Psychology - Development Psychology Flashcards

Advanced Placement Psychology

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6147891421	Developmental Psychology	a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.	0
6147891422	Zygote	the fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo.	1
6147891423	Embryo	the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month.	2
6147891424	Fetus	the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.	3
6147891425	Teratogens	agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm.	4
6147891426	Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)	physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking. In severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial misproportions.	5
6147891427	Habituation	decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner.	6
6147891428	Maturation	biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience.	7
6147891429	Cognition	all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.	8
6147891430	Schema	a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.	9
6147891431	Assimilation	interpreting our new experience in terms of our existing schemas.	10
6147891432	Accommodation	Development - adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information.	11
6147891433	Sensorimotor Stage	in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.	12
6147891434	Object Permanence	the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived.	13
6147891435	Preoperational Stage	in Piaget's theory, the stage (from 2 to about 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic.	14
6147891436	Conservation	the principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects.	15
6147891437	Egocentrism	in Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view.	16
6147891438	Theory of Mind	people's ideas about their own and others' mental states—about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict.	17
6147891439	Concrete Operational Stage	in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events.	18
6147891440	Formal Operational Stage	in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts.	19
6147891441	Autism Spectrum Disorder	a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states of mind.	20
6147891442	Stranger Anxiety	the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age.	21
6147891443	Attachment	an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation.	22
6147891444	Critical Period	an optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development.	23
6147891445	Imprinting	the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life.	24
6147891446	Temperament	a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity.	25
6147891447	Basic Trust	according to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers.	26
6147891448	Self-Concept	all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?"	27
6147891449	Gender	in psychology, the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female.	28
6147891450	Aggression	physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone.	29
6147891451	X Chromosome	the sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have two of these; males have one. One chromosome from each parent produces a female child.	30
6147891452	Y Chromosome	the sex chromosome found only in males. When paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child.	31
6147891453	Testosterone	the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional levels in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty.	32
6147891454	Role	a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.	33
6147891455	Gender Role	a set of expected behaviors for males or for females.	34
6147891456	Gender Identity	our sense of being male or female.	35
6147891457	Gender Typing	the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role.	36
6147891458	Social Learning Theory	the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished.	37
6147891459	Adolescence	the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence.	38
6147891460	Puberty	the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.	39
6147891461	Primary Sex Characteristics	the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible.	40
6147891462	Secondary Sex Characteristics	nonreproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair.	41
6147891463	Menarche	the first menstrual period.	42
6147891464	Identity	our sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles.	43
6148050203	Sexual orientation	an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation)	44
6147891465	Social Identity	the "we" aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to "Who am I?" that comes from our group memberships.	45
6147891466	Intimacy	in Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood.	46
6148073305	testosterone	A hormone produced by the testes that affects the production of sperm, the development of male secondary sex characteristics, & the sex drive.	47
6148066131	AIDS	Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, which results in a variety of infections and a breakdown of an individual's immune system over time	48
6147891467	Emerging Adulthood	for some people in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to mid-twenties, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood.	49
6147891468	Menopause	the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines.	50
6147891469	Cross-Sectional Study	a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another.	51
6147891470	Longitudinal Study	research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period.	52
6147891471	Crystallized Intelligence	our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age.	53
6147891472	Fluid Intelligence	our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood.	54
6147891473	Social Clock	the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement.	55

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APES Environmental Laws Flashcards

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4823812934	Conservation	"Controlled Use", "Scientific Management" of natural resources. "Greatest good for the greatest number of people.	0
4823820920	Preservation	Remaining wilderness areas on public lands should be left untouched	1
4823820921	Restoration	To bring back to former condition (Former Natural State/.Condition), active restoration seeks to reestablish a diverse, dynamic community at sited that have been degraded.	2
4823821248	Remediation	Most often used with cleanup of chemical contaminants in a polluted area.	3
4823822569	Mitigation	Repairing/Rehabilitating a damaged ecosystem or compensation for damage, Most often by providing a substitute or replacement area; frequently involves wetland ecosystems.	4
4823825452	Reclamation	Typically used to describe chemical or physical manipulations carried out in severely degraded sites, such as open-pit mines or large-scale construction	5
4823870649	Lacey Act	A conservation law prohibiting the transportation of illegally captured or prohibited animals across state lines. Today the law is primarily used to prevent the importation or spread of potentially dangerous non-native species.	6
4823879097	Taylor Grazing Act	A United States federal law that regulates grazing on federal public land.	7
4823889956	Kyoto Protocol	Agreement among 150 nations requiring greenhouse gas emission reduction.	8
4823890112	Wilderness Act	Allowed congress to set aside federally owned land for preservation.	9
4823935440	National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)	Directs federal agencies to take environmental consequences into account in decision making; requires EIP statement be prepared for every major federal project having environmental impact.	10
4823947184	International Environmental Protection Act (IEPA)	Authorized the president to assist countries in protecting and maintaining wildlife habitat and provides an active role in conservation by the Agency for International Development.	11
4823957565	Federal Water Pollution Control Act	Authorized the surgeon general of the Public Health Service, with others, to prepare comprehensive programs for eliminating or reducing the pollution of interstate waters and tributaries and improving the sanitary condition of surface and underground waters.	12
4823960514	Montreal Protocol	Banned the production of aerosols and initiated the phase out of all CFC's.	13
4823965906	Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)	Controls the exploitation of endangered species through international legislation. Bans hunting, capturing and selling of threatened species and bans the import of ivory.	14
4823979830	Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)	Created to protect worker and health. Its main aim was to ensure that employers provide their workers with an environment free from dangers to their safety and health, such as exposure to toxic chemicals, excessive noise levels, mechanical dangers, heat or cold stress, or unsanitary conditions.	15
4823993427	National Park Act	The act gathered into a single system the fourteen national parks and twenty-one national monuments and created a National Park Service to manage that system. Created Yosemite and Yellowstone National Parks.	16
4824037821	Toxic Substances Control Act	EPA is given the ability to track the 75,000 industrial chemicals currently produced or imported into the United States. EPA repeatedly screens these chemicals and can require reporting or testing of those that may pose an environmental or human-health hazard. EPA can ban the manufacture and import of those chemicals that pose an unreasonable risk.	17
4824434748	Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation Liability Act (CERCLA Superfund)	Established federal authority for emergency response and clean-up of hazardous substances that have been spilled, improperly disposed, or released into the environment	18
4824479593	Clean Air Act	Established primary and secondary air quality standards. Required states to develop implementation plans. Sets limits and goals to reduce mobile source air pollution and ambient air quality standards.	19
4824484509	Hazardous Material Transportation Act (HAZMAT)	Governs the transportation of hazardous materials and wastes.	20
4824503602	Oil Pollution Act	"A company cannot ship oil into the United States until it presents a plan to prevent spills that may occur. It must also have a detailed containment and cleanup plan in case of an oil spill emergency."	21
4824512915	Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)	Management of non-hazardous and hazardous solid waste including landfills and storage tanks. Set minimal standards for all waste disposal facilities and for hazardous wastes.	22
4824515541	Madrid Protocol	Moratorium on mineral exploration for 50 years in Antarctica	23
4824533033	Endangered Species Act (ESA)	Protects species that are considered to be threatened or endangered. Includes migratory birds and their habitats.	24
4824535794	Soil and Water Conservation Act	Provides for a continuing appraisal of US soil, water, and related resources, including fish and wildlife habitats, and a soil and water conservation program to assist landowners.	25
4824538686	Consumer Product Safety Act	Purpose is to protect the public against unreasonable risks of injury associated with consumer products.	26
4824542676	Clean Water Act	Used regulatory and non-regulatory tools to protect all surface waters in the U. S. Regulates and enforces all discharge into water sources and wetland destruction/construction.	27
4824544866	Pollution Prevention Act	Requires facilities to reduce pollution at its source. Reduction can be in volume or toxicity.	28
4824573512	Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act	Requires purchase of a stamp by waterfowl hunters. Revenue generated is used to acquire wetlands. Since its inception, the program has resulted in the protection of approximately 4.5 million acres (18,000 km²) of waterfowl habitat.	29
4824575697	Emergency Planning & Community Right-To-Know Act	Requires reporting of toxic releases: the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI); Encourages response for chemical releases	30
4824578935	Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act	Requires restoration of abandoned mines.	31
4824617777	Wild and Scenic Rivers Act	Selected rivers in the United States are preserved for possessing outstandingly, remarkable scenic, recreational, geologic, fish and wildlife, historic, cultural, or other similar values.	32
4824620997	Safe Drinking Water Act	The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is allowed to set the standards for drinking water quality and oversees all of the states, localities, and water suppliers who implement these standards	33
4824624294	Solid Waste Disposal Act	To find better and more efficient ways to dispose of solid waste; promotes shredding and separation of waste and burning of remaining materials to produce stream or generate electricity; promotes recycling.	34
4824626715	Mining Act of 1872	United States federal law that authorizes and governs prospecting and mining for economic minerals, such as gold, platinum, and silver, on federal public lands.	35
7163994196	Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)	Requires the EPA to approve the use of all pesticides in the United States.	36
7163999710	Anadromous Fish Conservation Act	Protected fish that live in the sea but grow up and breed in fresh water.	37
7164008248	Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act	Governed the conservation and management of ocean fishing.	38
7181069204	Mineral Leasing Act	Permitted the Bureau of Land Management to grant leases for development of deposits of coal, phosphate, potash, sodium, sulphur, and other leasable minerals on public lands.	39
7181137275	Ocean Dumping Act	Made it unlawful for any person to dump, or transport for the purpose of dumping, sewage, sludge, or industrial waste into ocean waters.	40
7181181601	Oil Spill Prevention and Liability Act	Strengthened EPA's ability to prevent and respond to catastrophic oil spills. Established a trust fund (Financed by a tax on oil), which is available to clean up spills.	41
7181205285	Nuclear Waste Policy Act	Established both the Federal government's responsibility to provide a place for the permanent disposal of high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel, and the generators' responsibility to bear the costs of permanent disposal.	42
7273763861	Marine Mammal Protection Act	Established a federal responsibility to conserve marine mammals.	43

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AP Authors/Titles 2017 Flashcards

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6632991532	Oedipus Rex	Sophocles	0
6632991533	Antigone	Sophocles	1
6632991534	A Streetcar Named Desire	Tennessee Williams	2
6632991535	Julius Caesar	William Shakespeare	3
6632991537	Macbeth	William Shakespeare	4
6632991538	Wuthering Heights	Emily Bronte	5
6632991539	The Awakening	Kate Chopin	6
6632991542	Heart of Darkness	Joseph Conrad	7
6632994028	The Great Gatsby	F. Scott Fitzgerald	8
6632995252	The Crucible	Arthur Miller	9
6633001713	The Merchant of Venice	William Shakespeare	10
6633009757	Great Expectations	Charles Dickens	11

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AP Psychology AP Review Flashcards

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4801020022	psychology	the study of behavior and mental processes	0
4801020023	psychology's biggest question	Which is more important in determining behavior, nature or nurture?	1
4801020024	psychology's three levels of analysis	biopsychosocial approach (looks at the biological, psychological, and social-cultural approaches together)	2
4801020025	biological approach	genetics, close-relatives, body functions	3
4801020026	evolutionary approach	species - helped with survival (ancestors)	4
4801020027	psychodynamic approach	(Freud) subconscious, repressed feelings, unfulfilled wishes	5
4801020028	behavioral approach	learning (classical and operant) observed	6
4801020029	cognitive approach	thinking affects behavior	7
4801020030	humanistic approach	becoming a better human (behavior, acceptance)	8
4801020031	social-cultural approach	cultural, family, environment	9
4801020032	two reasons of why experiments are important	hindsight bias + overconfidence	10
4801020033	types of research methods	descriptive, correlational, and experimental	11
4801020034	descriptive methods	case study survey naturalistic observation (DON'T SHOW CAUSE/EFFECT)	12
4801020035	case study	studies one person in depth may not be typical of population	13
4801020036	survey	studies lots of people not in depth	14
4801020037	naturalistic observation	observe + write facts without interference	15
4801020038	correlational method	shows relation, but not cause/effect scatterplots show research	16
4801020039	correlation coefficient	+ 1.0 (both increase) 0 (no correlation - 1.0 (one increases, other decreases)	17
4801020040	experimental method	does show cause and effect	18
4801020041	population	type of people who are going to be used in experiment	19
4801020042	sample	actual people who will be used (randomness reduces bias)	20
4801020043	random assignment	chance selection between experimental and control groups	21
4801020044	control group	not receiving experimental treatment receives placebo	22
4801020045	experimental group	receiving treatment/drug	23
4801020046	independent variable	drug/procedure/treatment	24
4801020047	dependent variable	outcome of using the drug/treatment	25
4801020048	confounding variable	can affect dependent variable beyond experiment's control	26
4801020049	scientific method	theory hypothesis operational definition revision	27
4801020050	theory	general idea being tested	28
4801020051	hypothesis	measurable/specific	29
4801020052	operational definition	procedures that explain components	30
4801020053	mode	appears the most	31
4801020054	mean	average	32
4801020055	median	middle	33
4801020056	range	highest - lowest	34
4801020057	standard deviation	how scores vary around the mean	35
4801020058	central tendency	single score that represents the whole	36
4801020059	bell curve	(natural curve)	37
4801020060	ethics of testing on animals	need to be treated humanly basically similar to humans	38
4801020061	ethics of testing on humans	consent debriefing no unnecessary discomfort/pain confidentiality	39
4801020062	sensory neurons	travel from sensory receptors to brain	40
4801020063	motor neurons	travel from brain to "motor" workings	41
4801020064	interneurons	(in brain and spinal cord) connecting motor and sensory neurons	42
4801020065	neuron		43
4801020066	dendrites	receive messages from other neurons	44
4801020067	myelin sheath	protects the axon	45
4801020068	axon	where charges travel from cell body to axon terminal	46
4801020069	neurotransmitters	chemical messengers	47
4801020070	reuptake	extra neurotransmitters are taken back	48
4801020071	excitatory charge	"Let's do it!"	49
4801020072	inhibitory charge	"Let's not do it!"	50
4801020073	central nervous system	brain and spinal cord	51
4801020074	peripheral nervous system	somatic nervous system autonomic nervous system	52
4801020075	somatic nervous system	voluntary movements	53
4801020076	autonomic nervous system	involuntary movements (sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems)	54
4801020077	sympathetic nervous system	arousing	55
4801020078	parasympathetic nervous system	calming	56
4801020079	neural networks	more connections form with greater use others fall away if not used	57
4801020080	spinal cord	expressway of information bypasses brain when reflexes involved	58
4801020081	endocrine system	slow uses hormones in the blood system	59
4801020082	master gland	pituitary gland	60
4801020083	brainstem	extension of the spinal cord responsible for automatic survival	61
4801020084	reticular formation (if stimulated)	sleeping subject wakes up	62
4801020085	reticular formation (if damaged)	coma	63
4801020086	brainstem (if severed)	still move (without purpose)	64
4801020087	thalamus	sensory switchboard (does not process smell)	65
4801020088	hypothalamus	basic behaviors (hunger, thirst, sex, blood chemistry)	66
4801020089	cerebellum	nonverbal memory, judge time, balance emotions, coordinate movements	67
4801020090	cerebellum (if damaged)	difficulty walking and coordinating	68
4801020091	amygdala	aggression, fear, and memory associated with these emotions	69
4801020092	amygdala (if lesioned)	subject is mellow	70
4801020093	amygdala (if stimulated)	aggressive	71
4801020094	hippocampus	process new memory	72
4801020095	cerebrum	two large hemispheres perceiving, thinking, and processing	73
4801020096	cerebral cortex	only in higher life forms	74
4801020097	association areas	integrate and interpret information	75
4801020098	glial cells	provide nutrients to myelin sheath marks intelligence higher proportion of glial cells to neurons	76
4801020099	frontal lobe	judgement, personality, processing (Phineas Gage accident)	77
4801020100	parietal lobe	math and spatial reasoning	78
4801020101	temporal lobe	audition and recognizing faces	79
4801020102	occipital lobe	vision	80
4801020103	corpus callosum	split in the brain to stop hyper-communication (eliminate epileptic seizures)	81
4801020104	Wernicke's area	interprets auditory and hearing	82
4801020105	Broca's area	speaking words	83
4801020106	plasticity	ability to adapt if damaged	84
4801020107	sensation	what our senses tell us	85
4801020108	bottom-up processing	senses to brain	86
4801020109	perception	what our brain tells us to do with that information	87
4801020110	top-down processing	brain to senses	88
4801020111	inattentional blindness	fail to "gorilla" because attention is elsewhere	89
4801020112	cocktail party effect	even with tons of stimuli, we are able to pick out our name, etc.	90
4801020113	change blindness	giving directions and person is changed and we don't notice	91
4801020114	choice blindness	when defending the choice we make, we fail to notice choice was changed	92
4801020115	absolute threshold	minimum stimulation needed in order to notice 50% of the time	93
4801020116	signal detection theory	we notice what is more important to us (rather hear a baby crying)	94
4801020117	JND (just noticeable difference)	(Weber's law) difference between different stimuli noticed in proportion	95
4801020118	sensory adaptation	tired of noticing (Brain says, "Been there, done that. Next?"	96
4801020119	rods	night time	97
4801020120	cones	color	98
4801020121	parallel processing	notice color, form, depth, movement, etc.	99
4801020122	Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory	3 corresponding color receptors (RGB)	100
4801020123	Hering's opponent-process theory	after image in opposite colors (RG, YB, WB)	101
4801020124	trichromatic + opponent-process	Young-Helmholtz -> color stimuli Hering -> en route to cortex	102
4801020125	frequency we hear most	human voice	103
4801020126	Helmoltz (hearing)	we hear different pitches in different places in basilar membrane (high pitches)	104
4801020127	frequency theory	impulse frequency (low pitches)	105
4801020128	Helmholtz + frequency theory	middle pitches	106
4801020129	Skin feels what?	warmth, cold, pressure, pain	107
4801020130	gate-control theory	small fibers - pain large fibers - other senses	108
4801020131	memory of pain	peaks and ends	109
4801020132	smell	close to memory section (not in thalamus)	110
4801020133	grouping	Gestalt make sense of pieces create a whole	111
4801020134	grouping groups	proximity similarity continuity connectedness closure	112
4801020135	make assumptions of placement	higher - farther smaller - farther blocking - closer, in front	113
4801020136	perception =	mood + motivation	114
4801020137	consciousness	awareness of ourselves and the environment	115
4801020138	circadian rhythm	daily biological clock and regular cycle (sleep and awake)	116
4801020139	circadian rhythm pattern	- activated by light - light sensitive retinal proteins signal brains SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus) - pineal gland decreases melatonin	117
4801020140	What messes with circadian rhythm?	artificial light	118
4801020141	The whole sleep cycle lasts how long?	90 minutes	119
4801020142	sleep stages	relaxed stage (alpha waves) stage 1 (early sleep) (hallucinations) stage 2 (sleep spindles - bursts of activity) (sleep talk) stage 3 (transition phase) (delta waves) stage 4 (delta waves) (sleepwalk/talk + wet the bed) stage 5 (REM) (sensory-rich dreams) (paradoxical sleep)	120
4801020143	purpose of sleep	1. recuperation - repair neurons and allow unused neural connections to wither 2. making memories 3. body growth (children sleep more)	121
4801020144	insomnia	can't sleep	122
4801020145	narcolepsy	fall asleep anywhere at anytime	123
4801020146	sleep apnea	stop breathing in sleep	124
4801020147	night terrors	prevalent in children	125
4801020148	sleepwalking/sleeptalking	hereditary - prevalent in children	126
4801020149	dreaming (3)	1. vivid bizarre intense sensory experiences 2. carry fear/survival issues - vestiges of ancestors' survival ideas 2. replay previous day's experiences/worries	127
4801020150	purpose of dreaming (5 THEORIES)	1. physiological function - develop/preserve neural pathways 2. Freud's wish-fulfillment (manifest/latent content) 3. activation synthesis - make sense of stimulation originating in brain 4. information processing 5. cognitive development - reflective of intelligence	128
4801020151	1. Can hypnosis bring you back in time? 2. Can hypnosis make you do things you wouldn't normally do? 3. Can it alleviate pain? 4. What state are you in during hypnosis? 5. Who is more susceptible?	1. cannot take you back in time 2. cannot make you do things you won't do 3. can alleviate pain 4. fully conscious ((IMAGINATIVE PEOPLE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE))	129
4801020152	depressants	slows neural pathways	130
4801020153	alcohol	((depressant)) disrupts memory formation (REM) lowers inhibition expectancy effect	131
4801020154	barbituates (tranquilizers)	((depressant)) reduce anxiety	132
4801020155	opiates	((depressant)) pleasure reduce anxiety/pain	133
4801020156	stimulants	hypes neural processing	134
4801020157	methamphetamine	((stimulant)) heightens energy euphoria affects dopamine	135
4801020158	caffeine	((stimulant))	136
4801020159	nicotine	((stimulant)) CNS releases neurotransmitters calm anxiety reduce pain affects (nor)epinephrine and dopamine	137
4801020160	cocaine	((stimulant)) euphoria affects dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine	138
4801020161	hallucinogen	excites neural activity	139
4801020162	ecstasy	((hallucinogen)) reuptake is blocked affects dopamine and serotonin	140
4801020163	LSD	((hallucinogen)) affects sensory/emotional "trip" (+/-) affects serotonin	141
4801020164	marijuana	((hallucinogen)) amplify sensory experience disrupts memory formation	142
4801020165	learning	organism changing behavior due to experience (association of events)	143
4801020166	types of learning	classical operant observational	144
4801020167	famous classical psychologists	Pavlov and Watson	145
4801020168	famous operant psychologist	Skinner	146
4801020169	famous observational psychologists	Bandura	147
4801020170	classical conditioning	outside stimulus	148
4801020171	Pavlov's experiment	Step 1: US (food) -> UR (salivation) Step 2: NS (bell) -> US (food) -> UR (salivation) Later... CS (bell) -> CR (salivation)	149
4801020172	Watson's experiment	white rat was given to Little Albert Step 1: US (noise) -> UR (cry) Step 2: NS (rat) -> US (noise) -> UR (cry) Later... CS (rat) -> CR (cry)	150
4801020173	generalization	any small, white fluffy creature will make Albert cry now	151
4801020174	discriminate	any large, white fluffy creature won't make Albert cry	152
4801020175	extinction	stop "treating" with conditioned response	153
4801020176	spontaneous recovery	bring stimulus back after a while	154
4801020177	operant conditioning	control by organism	155
4801020178	Skinner's experiment	operant chamber / Skinner box (lead to shaping)	156
4801020179	shaping	get animal closer to doing what you want them to do	157
4801020180	reinforcers	want to continue behavior (positive reinforcement: give money to do laundry) (negative reinforcement: do to avoid nagging)	158
4801020181	punishments	want to stop behavior (positive reinforcement: smack) (negative reinforcement: take away phone)	159
4801020182	fixed ratio	happens a certain number of times (Starbucks punch card)	160
4801020183	variable ratio	happens an unpredictable number of times (winning the lottery)	161
4801020184	organism must do these (2 times)	fixed ratio and variable ratio	162
4801020185	fixed interval	happens at a certain time (mailman comes to the house at 10:00 AM)	163
4801020186	variable interval	happens at any time (receive texts from friends)	164
4801020187	these things happen regardless (2 times)	fixed interval and variable interval	165
4801020188	Which (fixed/variable) conditions better?	variable	166
4801020189	criticisms of Skinner	doesn't take into account intrinsic motivation	167
4801020190	intrinsic motivation	doing something for yourself, not the reward	168
4801020191	extrinsic motivation	doing something for reward	169
4801020192	Skinner's legacy	use it personally, at school, and at work	170
4801020193	famous observational experiment	Bandura's Bobo doll	171
4801020194	famous observational psychologist	Bandura	172
4801020195	mirror neurons	"feel" what is observed happens in higher order animals	173
4801020196	Bobo doll experiment legacy	violent video games/movies desensitize us see good: do good see evil: do evil	174
4801020197	observational learning	biological behaviors work best	175
4801020198	habituation	get used to it -> stop reacting	176
4801020199	examples for observational learning	lectures and reading	177
4801020200	serotonin involved with memory	speeds the connection between neurons	178
4801020201	LTP	((long-term potentiation)) strengthens potential neural forming (associated with speed)	179
4801020202	CREB	protein that can switch genes on/off with memory and connection of memories	180
4801020203	glutamate involved with memory	neurotransmitter that enhances LTP	181
4801020204	glucose involved with memory	released during strong emotions ((signaling important event to be remembered))	182
4801020205	flashbulb memory	type of memory remembered because it was an important/quick moment	183
4801020206	amygdala (memory)	boosts activity of proteins in memory-forming areas to fight/flight	184
4801020207	cerebellum (memory)	forms and stores implicit memories ((classical conditioning))	185
4801020208	hippocampus (memory)	active during sleep (forming memories) ((information "moves" after 48 hours))	186
4801020209	memory	learning over time contains information that can be retrieved	187
4801020210	processing stages	encoding -> storage -> retrieval	188
4801020211	encoding	information going in	189
4801020212	storage	keeping information in	190
4801020213	retrieval	taking information out	191
4801020214	How long is sensory memory stored?	seconds	192
4801020215	How long is short-term memory stored?	less than a minute	193
4801020216	How many bits of information is stored in short-term memory?	7	194
4801020217	How many chunks of information is stored in short-term memory?	4	195
4801020218	How many seconds of words is stored in short-term memory?	2	196
4801020219	short term memory goes to ______________	working memory	197
4801020220	working memory	make a connection and process information to mean something	198
4801020221	working memory goes to _________________	long-term memory	199
4801020222	How much is stored in long-term memory?	LIMITLESS	200
4801020223	implicit memory	naturally do	201
4801020224	explicit memory	need to explain	202
4801020225	automatic processing	space, time, frequency, well-learned information	203
4801020226	effortful processing	processing that requires effort	204
4801020227	spacing effect	spread out learning over time	205
4801020228	serial position effect	primary/recency effect	206
4801020229	primary effect	remember the first things in a list	207
4801020230	recency effect	remember the last things in a list	208
4801020231	effortful processing (4 things)	1. recency effect 2. spacing effect 3. testing effect 4. serial position effect	209
4801020232	semantic encoding (1) meaning (2) how to	make meaning out of something --- chunk, hierarchy, or connect to you	210
4801020233	if we can't remember a memory...	1. change memory to suit us 2. fill in the blanks with logical story	211
4801020234	misinformation effect	not correct information	212
4801020235	imagination inflation	imagine or visualize something that isn't real	213
4801020236	source amnesia	what is the truth? (is it a dream, story, memory, etc.?)	214
4801020237	priming	association (setting you up)	215
4801020238	context	environment helps with memory	216
4801020239	state-dependency	you may remember something if you go back to the state you were in (go back to high)	217
4801020240	mood-congruency	emotion will bring back similar emotional memories	218
4801020241	forgetting curve	forget after 5 days forget after 5 years	219
4801020242	the forgetting curve was created by	Ebbinghaus	220
4801020243	proactive interference	old information interferes with the new	221
4801020244	retroactive interference	new information interferes with the old	222
4801020245	children can't remember before age __	3	223
4801020246	Loftus	connected to abuse cases/childhood	224
4801020247	prototypes	generalize	225
4801020248	problem-solving (4)	trial + error algorithms heuristic (representative + availability) insight - "AHA!"	226
4801020249	against problem-solving	fixation	227
4801020250	mental set	what has worked in the past	228
4801020251	functional fixedness	only way to do this is with this	229
4801020252	Chomsky (nature or nurture?)	"born with language" (nature)	230
4801020253	Skinner (nature or nurture?)	language is learned (nurture)	231
4801020254	grammar is _________	universal	232
4801020255	phonemes	smallest sound unit	233
4801020256	morphemes	smallest meaning unit	234

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AP Literary Terms Flashcards

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5752071163	allegory	story or poem in which characters, settings, and events stand for other people or events or for abstract ideas or qualities EX: Animal Farm; Dante's Inferno; Lord of the Flies	0
5752086134	allusion	-reference to someone or something that is known from history, literature, religion, politics, sports, science, or another branch of culture. -an indirect reference to something (usually from literature, etc.)	1
5752104737	ambiguity	deliberately suggesting two or more different, and sometimes conflicting, meanings in a work	2
5752174693	analogy	comparison made between two things to show how they are alike	3
5752176455	antagonist	opponent who struggles against or blocks the hero, or protagonist, in a story	4
5752190819	antihero	central character who lacks all the qualities traditionally associated with heroes, may lack courage, grace, intelligence, or moral scruples	5
5752196879	balance	constructing a sentence so that both halves are about the same length and importance (sentences can be unbalanced to serve a special effect as well)	6
5752201627	characterization	the process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character	7
5752217755	indirect characterization	the author reveals to the reader what the character is like by describing how the character looks and dresses, by letting the reader hear what the character says, by revealing the character's private thoughts and feelings, by revealing the characters effect on other people, or by showing the character in action	8
5752272027	direct characterization	the author tells us directly what the character is like: sneaky, generous, mean to pets and so on (romantic style literature relied more heavily on this form)	9
5752278678	static character	is one who does not change much in the course of a story	10
5752282427	dynamic character	is one who changes in some important way as a result of the story's action	11
5752284821	flat character	has only one or two personality traits (only one-dimensional)	12
5752289243	round character	has more dimensions to their personalities---they are complex, just a real people are	13
5752302813	cliche	is a word or phrase, often a figure of speech, that has become lifeless because of overuse	14
5752306297	comedy	in general, a story that ends with a happy resolution of the conflicts faced by the main character or characters	15
5752326438	conflict	the struggle between opposing forces or characters in a story	16
5752329379	external conflict	conflicts can exist between two people, between a person and nature or a machine or between a person a whole society	17
5752336505	internal conflict	a conflict can be internal, involving opposing forces within a person's mind	18
5752343211	connotation	the associations and emotional overtones that have become attached to a word or phrase, in addition to its strict dictionary definition	19
5752354132	dialect	a way of speaking that is characteristic of a certain social group or of the inhabitant of a certain geographical area	20
5752359076	diction	a speaker or writer's choice of words	21
5752359077	epic	a long narrative poem, written in heightened language, which recounts the deeds of a heroic character who embodies the values of a particular society	22
5752379504	fable	a very short story told in prose or poetry that teaches a practical lesson about how to succeed in life	23
5752381457	farce	a style of comedy in which ridiculous and often stereotyped characters are involved in silly, far-fetched situations	24
5752389876	foil	a character who acts as contrast to another character	25
5752392322	foreshadowing	the use of hints and clues to suggest what will happen later in a plot	26
5752394284	hyperbole	a figure of speech that uses an incredible exaggeration or overstatement, for effect	27
5752396435	imagery	the use of language to evoke a picture or a concrete sensation of a person, a thing, a place, or an experience	28
5752415041	irony	a discrepancy between appearances and reality	29
5752418595	verbal irony	occurs when someone says one thing but really means something else	30
5752419625	situational irony	takes place when there is a discrepancy between what is expected to happen, or what be appropriate to happen, and what really does happen	31
5752433129	dramatic irony	a character in the play or story thinks one thing is true, but the audience or reader knows better (called this because it is often used on stage)	32
5752528960	juxtaposition	poetic and rhetorical device in which normally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases are placed next to one another, creating an effect of surprise and wit	33
5752534088	metaphor	a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things without the use of such specific words of comparison as like, as, than, or resembles	34
5752541359	implied metaphor	does not state explicitly the two terms of the comparison	35
5752555494	extended metaphor	is a metaphor that is extended or developed as far as the writer wants to take it	36
5752557518	dead metaphor	is a metaphor that has been used so often that the comparison is no longer vivid	37
5752559304	mixed metaphor	is a metaphor that has gotten out of control and mixes its terms so that they are visually or imaginatively incompatible	38
5752610450	mood	an atmosphere created by a writer's diction and the details selected	39
5752611528	motif	a recurring image, word, phrase, action, idea, object, or situation used throughout a work, unifying the work by tying current situation to previous ones, or new ideas to the theme	40
5752617271	motivation	the reasons for a character's behavior	41
5752618403	parable	a relatively short story that teaches a moral, or lesson about how to lead a good life	42
5752623681	paradox	a statement that appears self-contradictory, but that reveals a kind of truth	43
5752649495	parody	a work that makes fun of another work by imitating some aspect of the writer's style	44
5752653112	plot	series of related events in a story or play, sometimes called the storyline	45
5752655713	exposition	introduced characters, situation, and setting	46
5752657048	rising action	complications in conflict and situations	47
5752660770	climax	that point in a plot that creates the greatest intensity, suspense, or interest	48
5752666667	resolution	the conclusion of a story, when all or most of the conflicts have been settled	49
5752669073	point of view	the vantage point from which the writer tells the story	50
5752677023	first person point of view	one of the characters tells the story	51
5752678173	third person point of view	an unknown narrator, tells the story, but this narrator zooms in to focus on the thoughts and feelings of only one character	52
5752685243	omniscient point of view	an omniscient or all knowing narrator tells the story, also using the third person pronouns; instead of focusing on one character only, often tells us everything about many characters	53
5752694036	objective point of view	a narrator who is totally impersonal and objective tells the story, with no comment on any characters or events	54
5752696901	protagonist	the central character in a story, the one who initiates or drives the action	55
5752699649	pun	a "play on words" based on the multiple meanings of a single word or on words that sound alike but mean different things	56
5752704298	romance	in general, a story in which an idealized hero or heroine undertakes a quest and is successful	57
5752707703	satire	a type of writing that ridicules the shortcomings of people or institutions in an attempt to bring about a change	58
5752729303	simile	a figure of speech that makes an explicitly comparison between two unlike things, using words such as like, as, than, or resembles	59
5752756414	stereotype	a fixed idea or conception of a character or an idea which does not allow for any individuality, often based on religious, social, or racial prejudices	60
5752761970	stream of consciousness	a style of writing that portrays the inner (often chaotic) workings of a character's mind	61
5752770104	style	the distinctive way in which a writer uses language: a writer's distinctive use of diction, tone, and syntax	62
5752773069	symbol	a person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself and that also stands for something more than itself	63
5752795256	tall tale	an outrageously exaggerated, humorous story that is obviously unbelievable	64
5752799973	theme	the insight about human life that is revealed in a literary work	65
5752801359	tone	the attitude a writer takes toward the subject of a work, the characters in it, or the audience, revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization	66
5752805641	tragedy	in general, a story in which a heroic character either dies or comes to some other unhappy end	67
5752808452	understatement	a statement that says less than what is meant	68

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APES Flashcards

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8919254988	waste	material outputs from a system that are not useful or consumed	0
8919255928	MSW	refuse collected by municipalities from households, small businesses, and institutions	1
8919260205	waste stream	the flow of solid waste that is recycled, incinerated, placed in a solid waste landfill, or disposed of in another way	2
8919265013	source reduction	an approach to waste management that seeks to cut waste by reducing the use of potential waste materials in the early stages of design and manufacture	3
8919268724	leachate	trash juice	4
8919271994	waste-to-energy	a system in which heat generated by incineration is used as an energy source rather than released into the atmosphere	5
8919278218	hazardous waste	liquid, solid, or gaseous, or sludge waste material that is harmful to humans or ecosystems	6
8919281986	superfund act	the common name for CERCLA	7
8919283039	brownfields	contaminated industrial or commercial sites that may require environmental cleanup before they can be redeveloped or expanded	8
8919291464	fossil fuel	a fuel derived from biological material that became fossilized millions of years ago	9
8919294614	nonrenewable energy resource	an energy source with a finite supply, primarily the fossil fuels and nuclear fuels	10
8919297171	nuclear fuel	fuel derived from radioactive materials that give off energy	11
8919311055	commercial energy source	an energy source that is bought or sold	12
8919313284	subsistence energy source	an energy source gathered by individuals for their own immediate needs	13
8919316797	coal	a solid fuel formed primarily from the remains of trees, ferns, and other plant materials preserved 280 million to 360 million years ago	14
8919321135	petroleum	a fossil fuel that occurs in underground deposits, composed of a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons, water, and sulfur	15
8919324550	crude oil	liquid petroleum removed from the ground	16
8919327814	Hubbert curve	a bell-shaped curve representing oil use and projecting both when world oil production will reach a maximum and when the world will run out of oil	17
8919339228	peak oil	the point at which of the total known oil supply is used up	18
8919343873	fission	a nucelar reaction in which a neutron strikes a relatively large atomic nucleus, which then splits into two or more parts, releasing addition neutrons and energy in the form of heat	19
8919348847	fuel rod	a cylindrical tube that encloses nuclear fuel within a nuclear reactor	20
8919355162	Bq	unit that measures the rate at which a sample of radioactive material decays	21
8919357206	curie	a unit of measure for radiation	22
8919358242	nucelar fission	a reaction that occurs when lighter nuclei are forced together to produce heavier nuclei	23

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APES Root Words Flashcards

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10193285243	a(n)-	without; not	0
10193285244	-able	can be done; capable of	1
10193285245	aero-	air; oxygen	2
10193285246	agri-	field; soil	3
10193285247	amphi-	both; on both sides	4
10193285248	anthro-	human	5
10193285249	anti-	against; opposite	6
10193285250	arch(ae/i)-	ancient; original	7
10193285251	-ase	an enzyme	8
10193285252	auto-	self; own	9
10193285253	bi-	two; double	10
10193285254	bio-	life; living	11
10193285255	carcin-	cancer	12
10193285256	cen-	now; recent	13
10193285257	co-	together; with	14
10193285258	com/con-	together; with	15
10193285259	de-	without; away from; down	16
10193285260	di-	two; double	17
10193285261	eco-	home (environment)	18
10193285262	ecto/exo-	outside; outward	19
10193285263	endo-	within; inside	20
10193285264	extra-	outside; beyond	21
10193285265	foli-	leaf	22
10193285266	-gen-	create; produce; begin	23
10193285267	geo-	earth	24
10193285268	herb-	grass; plants	25
10193285269	hetero-	different; other	26
10193285270	homo-	same; alike	27
10193285271	hydr-	water; fluid	28
10193285272	hyper-	above; excessive	29
10193285273	hypo-	below; under	30
10193285274	inter-	between; among	31
10193285275	intra-	within; inside	32
10193285276	macr-	large; long	33
10193285277	micr-	small	34
10193285278	mono-	one; single	35
10193285279	multi-	many; much	36
10193285280	mut-	change	37
10193285281	non-	not	38
10193285282	photo-	light	39
10193285283	pre-	before; in front of	40
10193285284	sol-	sun	41
10193285285	sub-	under; below	42
10193285286	sym/syn-	together; with; joined	43
10193285287	terr-	earth; land	44
10193285288	therm-	heat; temperature	45
10193285289	tox-	poison	46
10193285290	trans-	across; through	47
10193285291	troph-	nourishment	48
10193285292	turb-	disturb; shake	49

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AP Psychology: Psychological Disorders Flashcards

Psychological Disorders: important terms

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6534124826	Agoraphobia	A morbid fear of open spaces (as fear of being caught alone in some public place)	0
6534124828	Antisocial personality disorder	A personality disorder in which the person exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist	1
6534124829	Anxiety disorders	Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety	2
6534124830	ADHD	A psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity	3
6534124831	Bipolar disorder	A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. was once known as Manic Depression.	4
6534124834	Catatonia	a form of schizophrenia characterized by a tendency to remain in a fixed stuporous state for long periods	5
6534124835	Conversion disorder	A rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found	6
6534124836	compulsions	The person's need to perform repetitive behaviors	7
6534124837	Delusions	False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders	8
6534124839	Dissociative disorders	Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings. the person may become "detached" from themselves	9
6534124841	Dissociative identity disorder (DID)	A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities; formerly called multiple personality disorder	10
6534124844	dopamine	neurotransmitter that influences voluntary movement, attention, alertness; lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson's disease; too much is linked with schizophrenia	11
6534124845	DSM-V	Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition: A reference for coding psychiatric disorders or conditions. Organized by symptoms	12
6534124847	Generalized anxiety disorder	An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal	13
6534124848	Hallucinations	False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus	14
6534124849	Hypochondriasis	Chronic and abnormal anxiety about imaginary symptoms and ailments	15
6534124851	Major depressive disorder	A mood disorder in which a person, for no apparent reason, experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities	16
6534124852	Medical model	The concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured	17
6534124853	Mood disorders	Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes	18
6534124854	Negative symptoms	Schizophrenic symptoms that involve behavioral deficits, such as flattened emotions, social withdrawal, apathy, impaired attention, and poverty of speech	19
6534124855	Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)	An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)	20
6534124856	obsessions	persistent ideas, thoughts, or impulses that are unwanted and inappropriate, causing marked distress	21
6534124857	Panic disorder	An anxiety disorder characterized by unpredictable panic attacks. May be triggered by the amygdala.	22
6534124858	Personality disorders	Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning	23
6534124859	phobia	An anxiety disorder characterized by a persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation	24
6534124860	Positive symptoms	Schizophrenic symptoms that involve behavioral excesses or peculiarities, such as hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and wild flights of ideas	25
6534124861	PTSD	Post Traumatic Stress Disorder A disorder in which a person has lingering memories, nightmares, and other symptoms for weeks after a severely threatening, uncontrollable event	26
6534124862	postpartum depression	A new mother's feelings of inadequacy and sadness in the days and weeks after giving birth	27
6534124863	Prevalence	The percentage of a population that exhibits a disorder during a specified time period	28
6534124866	Schizophrenia	psychological disorder marked by disturbances in thought that spill over to affect perceptual, social, and emotional processes	29
6534124867	Somatoform disorders	Disorders characterized by physical symptoms for which no known physical cause exists	30
6534124868	serotonin	a neurotransmitter that affects hunger,sleep,arousal,and mood. appears in lower than normal levels in depressed persons	31
6534124870	mania	A mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state. extravagant shopping sprees may happen or a flight of ideas	32
6534124871	flat affect	A marked lack of expressed emotions; a symptom of schizophrenia.	33
6534124873	paranoia	A tendency toward excessive or irrational suspiciousness; irrational fear; delusions of persecution	34
6534124875	Distress	Abnormal indicator involving prolonged levels of unease or anxiety	35