| 10148307947 | alliteration | The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables | | 0 |
| 10148309501 | allusion | An indirect reference, often to another text or an historic event. | | 1 |
| 10148313909 | analogy | An extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things | | 2 |
| 10148317643 | anaphora | The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses. | | 3 |
| 10148323368 | anastrophe | Also known as inversion, is a literary technique in which one changes the syntax (structure) of a sentence such that the subject, object, verb, adjectives, etc. are in an unusual grammatical order. | | 4 |
| 10148328049 | anecdote | A short account of an interesting event. | | 5 |
| 10148330415 | annotation | Explanatory or critical notes added to a text. | | 6 |
| 10148334479 | antecedent | The noun to which a later pronoun refers. | | 7 |
| 10148338031 | anitmetabole | The repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast. | | 8 |
| 10148336423 | antithesis | A kind of parallelism in which two opposite ideas are put together in parallel structures. The structures of phrases and clauses are similar in order to draw the attention of the listeners or readers. | | 9 |
| 10148345424 | aphorism | A short, astute statement of a general truth. | | 10 |
| 10148348986 | appositive | A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun. | | 11 |
| 10148354254 | archaic diction | The use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language. | | 12 |
| 10148359852 | argument | A statement put forth and supported by evidence. | | 13 |
| 10148364801 | aristotelian triangle | A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see rhetorical triangle). | | 14 |
| 10148374407 | assertion | An emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument. | | 15 |
| 10148378298 | assumption | A belief or statement taken for granted without proof. | | 16 |
| 10148380065 | asyndeton | Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses. | | 17 |
| 10148383693 | attitude | The speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone. | | 18 |
| 10148390906 | audience | One's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed. | | 19 |
| 10148393673 | authority | A reliable, respected source—someone with knowledge. | | 20 |
| 10148395673 | bias | Prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue. | | 21 |
| 10148398141 | chiasmus | a rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form. The only condition of a chiasmic sentence is that the two clauses in the phrase are opposite in meanings. | | 22 |
| 10148404132 | cite | Identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source. | | 23 |
| 10148406558 | claim | An assertion, usually supported by evidence | | 24 |
| 10148410797 | close reading | A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text. | | 25 |
| 10148419720 | colloquial/ism | An informal or conversational use of language. | | 26 |
| 10148429715 | common ground | Shared beliefs, values, or positions. | | 27 |
| 10148433914 | complex sentence | A sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. | | 28 |
| 10148436567 | concession | A reluctant acknowledgment or yielding. | | 29 |
| 10148442270 | conduplicatio | Figure of repetition in which the key word or words in one phrase, clause, or sentence is/are repeated at or very near the beginning of successive sentences, clauses, or phrases; repetition of a key word over successive phrases or clauses. | | 30 |
| 10148448003 | connotation | That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning (see denotation). | | 31 |
| 10148455988 | context | Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning. | | 32 |
| 10148459625 | counterargument | A challenge to a position; an opposing argument | | 33 |
| 10148462654 | cumulative | An independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail. | | 34 |
| 10148471539 | declarative sentence | A sentence that makes a statement. | | 35 |
| 10148472981 | deduction | Reasoning from general to specific. | | 36 |
| 10148475799 | denotation | The literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition. | | 37 |
| 10148479132 | diction | Word choice. | | 38 |
| 10148481681 | documentation | Bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing. | | 39 |
| 10148487768 | elegiac | Mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone. | | 40 |
| 10148491568 | epigram | A brief witty statement. | | 41 |
| 10148495726 | epithet | an adjective or descriptive phrase expressing a quality characteristic of the person or thing mentioned. | | 42 |
| 10148500144 | ethos | A Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see logos and pathos). | | 43 |
| 10148502705 | figurative language | The use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect. | | 44 |
| 10148511230 | figure of speech | An expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning. | | 45 |
| 10148514197 | hyperbole | Exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis. | | 46 |
| 10148520783 | imagery | Vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing). | | 47 |
| 10204945118 | imperative sentence | A sentence that requests or commands. | | 48 |
| 10204949394 | induction | Reasoning from specific to general | | 49 |
| 10204954939 | inversion | A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject. | | 50 |
| 10204956992 | irony | A contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result. | | 51 |
| 10204961117 | juxtaposition | Placement of two things side by side for emphasis. | | 52 |
| 10204962633 | litotes | Similar to understatement, emphasizing its point by using a word opposite to the condition. | | 53 |
| 10204969423 | logos | A Greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and pathos) . | | 54 |
| 10204971528 | metaphor | A figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison. | | 55 |
| 10204974327 | metonymy | Use of an aspect of something to represent the whole. | | 56 |
| 10204975987 | occasion | An aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing. | | 57 |
| 10204977693 | oxymoron | A figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms. | | 58 |
| 10204980727 | paradox | A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true. | | 59 |
| 10204982995 | parallelism | The repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns. | | 60 |
| 10204985151 | parody | A piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule. | | 61 |
| 10204987303 | pathos | A Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and logos). | | 62 |
| 10204992091 | persona | The speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing. | | 63 |
| 10204993782 | personification | Assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects. | | 64 |
| 10204995272 | polysyndeton | The deliberate use of a series of conjunctions. | | 65 |
| 10205001611 | premise | major, minor Two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise.
Major premise: All mammals are warm-blooded.
Minor premise: All horses are mammals.
Conclusion: All horses are warm-blooded (see syllogism). | | 66 |
| 10205004843 | procatalepsis | also called prolepsis or prebuttal, is a figure of speech in which the speaker raises an objection to their own argument and then immediately answers it. By doing so, they hope to strengthen their argument by dealing with possible counter-arguments before their audience can raise them. | | 67 |
| 10205008750 | propaganda | A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information. | | 68 |
| 10205009981 | purpose | One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing. | | 69 |
| 10205011290 | refute | To discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument. | | 70 |
| 10205071294 | rhetoric | The study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion." | | 71 |
| 10205101702 | rhetorical modes | Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation. | | 72 |
| 10205121347 | rhetorical question | A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer. | | 73 |
| 10205124364 | rhetorical triangle | A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see Aristotelian triangle). | | 74 |
| 10205126870 | satire | An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it. | | 75 |
| 10205127978 | scheme | A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect. | | 76 |
| 10205130081 | sentence patterns | The arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions—such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex. | | 77 |
| 10205131827 | sententia | Figure of argument in which a wise, witty, or pithy maxim or aphorism is used to sum up the preceding material. | | 78 |
| 10205137405 | simile | A figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare two things. | | 79 |
| 10205137406 | simple sentence | A statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause. | | 80 |
| 10205143356 | source | A book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information. | | 81 |
| 10205172339 | speaker | A term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing. | | 82 |
| 10205174829 | straw man | A logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent's position. | | 83 |
| 10205176298 | style | The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech. | | 84 |
| 10205176299 | subject | In rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing. | | 85 |
| 10205180739 | subordinate clause | Created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause. | | 86 |
| 10205184667 | subdorination | The dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence. | | 87 |
| 10205189379 | syllogism | A form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise (see premise; major, and minor). | | 88 |
| 10205190812 | syntax | Sentence structure. | | 89 |
| 10205194256 | synthesize | Combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex. | | 90 |
| 10205199340 | thesis | The central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer. | | 91 |
| 10205200601 | thesis statement | A statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit. | | 92 |
| 10205201599 | tone | The speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience. | | 93 |
| 10205203514 | topic sentence | A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis. | | 94 |
| 10205206662 | tricolon | a rhetorical term for a series of three words, phrases, clauses, or sentences that are parallel in structure, length and/or rhythm. | | 95 |
| 10205208082 | trope | Artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech. | | 96 |
| 10205209814 | understatement | Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect. | | 97 |
| 10205211029 | voice | In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing | | 98 |
| 10205212529 | zeugma | A construction in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or governs—often in different, sometimes incongruent ways—two or more words in a sentence | | 99 |
