AP Language & Composition Winter Final 2017 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 8414100525 | rhetoric | the study and practice of communication that persuades, informs, inspires, or entertains target audiences in order to change or reinforce habits or actions | 0 | |
| 8414100526 | rhetorical situation | purpose, subject/context, occassion | 1 | |
| 8416376032 | rhetorical triangle | subject (context), speaker, audience | 2 | |
| 8416417264 | ethos | creditability, "character" | 3 | |
| 8416518213 | pathos | emotional appeal | 4 | |
| 8416524798 | logos | statistics, facts, info, structure | 5 | |
| 8416532339 | claim | the main assertion of an argument; the point of an argument backed up by support | 6 | |
| 8416547794 | reason | support for your claim | 7 | |
| 8416675725 | warrant | underlying assumptions that support your claim | 8 | |
| 8416692471 | counterargument | an opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward | 9 | |
| 8417103337 | refutation | the part of an argument in which the speaker anticipates objections to the points being raised and counters them | 10 | |
| 8417110562 | thesis statement | a short statement that summarizes the main point or claim of an essay and is developed, supported, and explained in the text by means of examples and evidence | 11 | |
| 8425720905 | inductive reasoning | a logical process in which multiple premises are combined to obtain a specific conclusion; specific to general | 12 | |
| 8425723818 | deductive reasoning | a logical process in which a conclusion is based on the concordance of multiple premises; general to specific | 13 | |
| 8425733412 | syntax | the order of words in a sentence; sentence structure | 14 | |
| 8425736612 | fragment | incomplete sentence | 15 | |
| 8425746408 | run on | a grammatically faulty sentence in which two or more main or independent clauses are joined without a word to connect them or a punctuation mark to separate them | 16 | |
| 8425803340 | subordinate clause | a group of words containing a subject and a verb that cannot stand alone as a sentence | 17 | |
| 8425825407 | antithesis | the juxtaposition of opposing or contrasting words or ideas, in a parallel structure | 18 | |
| 8425838678 | parallelism | a set of similarly structured words, phrases or clauses that appears in a sentence or paragraph | 19 | |
| 8425844749 | oxymoron | juxtaposed words with seemingly opposite meanings | 20 | |
| 8425847258 | imagery | language that appeals to the senses | 21 | |
| 8425852857 | allusion | an indirect reference to another text or body of knowledge | 22 | |
| 8425860132 | anecdote | a brief narrative within a text to get audience's attention and/or support a claim | 23 | |
| 8425865189 | personification | the attribution of human nature or character to animals, inanimate objects, or abstract notions | 24 | |
| 8425898989 | metaphor | a figurative comparison of two unlike objects | 25 | |
| 8425910001 | connotation | the implied meaning of a word; a word's overtones of meaning | 26 | |
| 8425918654 | subjective | reflecting an individual's feelings, prejudice, or bias | 27 | |
| 8425937830 | objective | without personal bias or prejudice | 28 | |
| 8462223928 | introduction | 1. title, author name (last, first) (first sentence) 2. summary (2-3) 3. thesis statement (last sentence) | 29 | |
| 8462241534 | rhetorical analysis | gives devices and explain what effect it gives | 30 | |
| 8462260440 | body paragraph | 1. topic sentence (first sentence) - main idea in detail 2. evidence from text - set-up quote - quote - explain quote 3. transition - moving onto the next paragraph | 31 |
AP Language | Vocab Lists 1-5 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 8221442576 | Assertion | (noun): a declaration or statement | 0 | |
| 8221442577 | Arbiter | (noun): a judge who decides a disputed issue | 1 | |
| 8221442578 | Condescending | (adj): treating people as weak or inferior | 2 | |
| 8221442579 | Contemptuous | (adj): feeling hatred; scornful | 3 | |
| 8221442580 | Convoluted | (adj): intricate; complex | 4 | |
| 8221442581 | Indolent | (adj): lazy | 5 | |
| 8221442582 | Alienated | (adj): removed or disassociated from | 6 | |
| 8221442583 | Alliance | (noun): a union of two or more groups | 7 | |
| 8221442584 | Embellish | (verb): to make beautiful by ornamenting; to decorate | 8 | |
| 8221442585 | Florid | (adj): describing flowery or elaborate speech | 9 | |
| 8221442586 | Ebullience | (noun): intense enthusiasm | 10 | |
| 8221442587 | Alleviate | (verb): to ease a pain or burden | 11 | |
| 8221442588 | Dubious | (adj): doubtful; of unlikely authenticity | 12 | |
| 8221442589 | Fabricated | (adj): made; concocted to deceive | 13 | |
| 8221442590 | Astute | (adj): shrewd; clever | 14 | |
| 8221442591 | Clandestine | (adj): secretive | 15 | |
| 8221442592 | Ambiguous | (adj): open to more than one interpretation | 16 | |
| 8221442593 | Ambivalent | (adj): simultaneously having opposing feelings; uncertain | 17 | |
| 8221442594 | Inconsequential | (adj): unimportant | 18 | |
| 8221442595 | Assiduous | (adj): hard-working | 19 | |
| 8221442596 | Compelling | (adj): forceful; urgently demanding attention | 20 | |
| 8221442597 | Clarity | (noun): clearness in thought or expression | 21 | |
| 8221442598 | Cogent | (adj): convincing; reasonable | 22 | |
| 8221442599 | Biased | (adj): prejudiced | 23 | |
| 8221442600 | Exculpate | (verb): to free from guilt or blame | 24 | |
| 8221442601 | Despotic | (adj): exercising absolute power; tyrannical | 25 | |
| 8221442602 | Dictatorial | (adj): domineering; oppressively overbearing | 26 | |
| 8221442603 | Cryptic | (adj): difficult to comprehend | 27 | |
| 8221442604 | Futile | (adj): having no useful purpose; pointless | 28 | |
| 8221442605 | Insipid | (adj): uninteresting; unchallenging | 29 | |
| 8221442606 | Listless | (adj): lacking energy | 30 | |
| 8221442607 | Disparity | (noun): inequality in age, rank or degree; difference | 31 | |
| 8221442608 | Servile | (adj): submissive; like a servant | 32 | |
| 8221442609 | Suppressed | (adj): subdued; kept from being circulated | 33 | |
| 8221442610 | Ornate | (adj): elaborately decorated | 34 | |
| 8221442611 | Opulent | (adj): exhibiting a display of great wealth | 35 | |
| 8221442612 | Effusive | (adj): emotionally unrestrained; gushy | 36 | |
| 8221442613 | Egregious | (adj): conspicuously bad or offensive | 37 | |
| 8221442614 | Asylum | (noun): a place of retreat or security | 38 | |
| 8221442615 | Hypocrisy | (noun): the practice of pretending to be something one is not; insincerity | 39 | |
| 8221442616 | Coup | (noun): a brilliantly executed plan | 40 | |
| 8221442617 | Disingenuous | (adj): not straightforward; crafty | 41 | |
| 8221442618 | Coherent | (adj): logically connected | 42 | |
| 8221442619 | Cohesive | (adj): condition of sticking together | 43 | |
| 8221442620 | Impartial | (adj): not in favor of one side or the other, unbiased | 44 | |
| 8221442621 | Incontrovertible | (adj): not able to be denied or disputed | 45 | |
| 8221442622 | Disdain | (noun/verb): (n) contempt or scorn,(v) to regard or treat with contempt | 46 | |
| 8221442623 | Haughty | (adj): arrogant; vainly proud | 47 | |
| 8221442624 | Imperious | (adj): arrogantly domineering or overbearing | 48 | |
| 8221442625 | Impede | (verb): to slow the progress of | 49 | |
| 8221442626 | Obscure | (adj/verb): (adj) relatively unknown, (v) to conceal or make indistinct | 50 | |
| 8221442627 | Quandary | (noun): a state of uncertainty or perplexity | 51 | |
| 8221442628 | Torpor | (noun): laziness; inactivity; dullness | 52 | |
| 8221442629 | Ostentatious | (adj): describing a showy or pretentious display | 53 | |
| 8221442630 | Poignant | (adj): profoundly moving; touching | 54 | |
| 8221442631 | Flagrant | (adj): extremely or deliberately shocking or noticeable | 55 | |
| 8221442632 | Slander | (verb): false charges and malicious oral statements about someone | 56 | |
| 8221442633 | Spurious | (adj): not genuine | 57 | |
| 8221442634 | Ruse | (noun): a crafty trick | 58 | |
| 8221442635 | Apathetic | (adj): feeling or showing little emotion | 59 | |
| 8221442636 | Arbitrary | (adj): determined by impulse rather than reason | 60 | |
| 8221442637 | Superficial | (adj): concerned only with what is on the surface or obvious, shallow | 61 | |
| 8221442638 | Diligent | (adj): marked by painstaking effort: hard-working | 62 | |
| 8221442639 | Didactic | (adj): intended to instruct | 63 | |
| 8221442640 | Discourse | (noun): verbal expression or exchange; conversation | 64 | |
| 8221442641 | Integrity | (noun): trustworthiness; completeness | 65 | |
| 8221442642 | Objectivity | (noun): treating facts without influence from personal feelings or prejudices | 66 | |
| 8221442643 | Patronizing | (adj): treating in a condescending manner | 67 | |
| 8221442644 | Frenetic | (adj): wildly excited or active | 68 | |
| 8221442645 | Gratuitous | (adj): uncalled for; lacking good reason; unwarranted; given or done free of charge | 69 | |
| 8221442646 | Superfluous | (adj): extra; unnecessary | 70 | |
| 8221442647 | Auspicious | (adj): favorable; promising | 71 | |
| 8221442648 | Benevolent | (adj): well-meaning; generous | 72 | |
| 8221442649 | Stratagem | (noun): a clever trick used to deceive or outwit | 73 | |
| 8221442650 | Surreptitiously | (adj): done by secretive means | 74 | |
| 8221442651 | Capricious | (adj): impulsive and unpredictable | 75 | |
| 8221442652 | Equivocate | (verb): to avoid making a definite statement | 76 | |
| 8221442653 | Tenuous | (adj): having little substance or strength; shaky; unsure, weak | 77 | |
| 8221442654 | Trivial | (adj): of little importance or significance | 78 | |
| 8221442655 | Dogged | (adj): stubbornly persevering | 79 | |
| 8221442656 | Endure | (verb): to put up with; to survive a hardship | 80 | |
| 8221442657 | Intrepid | (adj): courageous; fearless | 81 | |
| 8221442658 | Assimilation | (noun): to absorb; to make similar | 82 | |
| 8221442659 | Consensus | (noun): general agreement | 83 | |
| 8221442660 | Eloquence | (noun): the ability to speak vividly or persuasively | 84 | |
| 8221442661 | Implication | (noun): the act of suggesting or hinting | 85 | |
| 8221442662 | Lucid | (adj): easily understood; clear | 86 | |
| 8221442663 | Rhetoric | (noun): the art of using language effectively and persuasively | 87 | |
| 8221442664 | Penitent | (adj): expressing remorse for one's misdeeds | 88 | |
| 8221442665 | Plausible | (adj): seemingly valid or acceptable; credible | 89 | |
| 8221442666 | Substantiated | (adj): supported with proof or evidence; verified | 90 | |
| 8221442667 | Vindicated | (verb): freed from blame | 91 | |
| 8221442668 | Benign | (adj): kind and gentle | 92 | |
| 8221442669 | Mollify | (verb): to calm or soothe | 93 | |
| 8221442670 | Reclamation | (noun): the act of making something useful again | 94 | |
| 8221442671 | Sanction | (verb): to give official authorization or approval | 95 | |
| 8221442672 | Wary | (adj): on guard | 96 | |
| 8221442673 | Wily | (adj): cunning | 97 | |
| 8221442674 | Indifferent | (adj): not caring one way or the other | 98 | |
| 8221442675 | Spontaneous | (adj): unplanned; naturally occurring | 99 | |
| 8221442676 | Whimsical | (adj): subject to erratic behavior; unpredictable | 100 | |
| 8221442677 | Context | (noun): circumstances of a situation; environment | 101 | |
| 8221442678 | Acquired | (adj): developed or learned; not naturally occurring | 102 | |
| 8221442679 | Conception | (noun): the ability to form or understand an idea | 103 | |
| 8221442680 | Conviction | (noun): a fixed or strong belief | 104 |
AP Human Geography Language vocab Flashcards
Chapter 6 about language in the AP Human Geography book.
Terms : Hide Images
| 8154024988 | Language | Set of sounds, combination of sounds, and symbols used for communication. | 0 | |
| 8154024989 | Culture | Ralph Linton - Total knowledge, attitudes, and habitual behavior patterns shared by society members. | 1 | |
| 8154024990 | Standard Language | A language variant used for the norm of media, school, government, and public life by the country's political and intelligent elite. | 2 | |
| 8154024991 | Dialect | Variant of a language (Pronounciation, grammer, and vocabulary). | 3 | |
| 8154024992 | Isogloss | Geogrpahic boundary where linguist reatures occur. | 4 | |
| 8154024993 | Mutual Intelligibility | Two people understand each other when speaking. | 5 | |
| 8154024994 | Dialect Chains | Set of contigious dielcts where the one near each other at any place in the chain arw most closely related. | 6 | |
| 8154024995 | Language Family | Grouos of languages with shard, but slightly distant origin. | 7 | |
| 8154024996 | Subfamilies | Divisions within a family; commolities more definite. | 8 | |
| 8154024997 | Sound Shift | Slight word change in language within the subfamilies and language family from present time, backward to its origin. | 9 | |
| 8154024998 | Proto Indo-European | Ancestral Indo-european | 10 | |
| 8154024999 | Backward Reconstruction | Tracking Sound shifts and hardening of consonants "backwards" to the original language. | 11 | |
| 8154025000 | Extinct language | language without any native speakers. | 12 | |
| 8154025001 | Deep reconstruction | Recreate language that preceded it. | 13 | |
| 8154025002 | Nostratic | Proto Indo-European ancient ancenstor | 14 | |
| 8154025003 | Language Divergence | 1 language formed into 2. | 15 | |
| 8154025004 | Language Convergence | 2 languages collapsing into 1. | 16 | |
| 8154025005 | Renfrew's Hypothesis | -That said Proto Indo-European came from the Fertile Cresent. Anatolia into Europe, West Arc to North Africa and Arab, and East Arc into Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. | 17 | |
| 8154025006 | Conquest Theory | THEORY said that early Pro-Indo-Eurpean speakers spread West by horseback, overpowering, beginning diffusion snd differentiation of the Indo-European tongues. | 18 | |
| 8154025007 | Dispersal Theory | THEORY said Indo-Eupopean first moved East to SouthWest asia -> Caspian Sea -> Russian-Ukraine Plains -> Balkans. Another part said it moved west. | 19 | |
| 8154025008 | Romance Languages | French, Spanish, Italian, Romanian, and Portugese | 20 | |
| 8154025009 | Germanic Languages | English, German, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish | 21 | |
| 8154025010 | Slavanic Languages | Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Ukrainian, Slovenian, Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian. | 22 | |
| 8154025011 | Lingua Franca | Ancient language in the Mediterranean ports usually for trading and commerce | 23 | |
| 8154025012 | Pidgin Language | Where 2 or more languages come. Part of each of them combine into a simplified structure and vocabulary. | 24 | |
| 8154025013 | Creole Language | Began as a Pidgin language, but later adopted as mother tongue by the people of the mother tongue land. | 25 | |
| 8154025014 | Monolingual States | Countries with one language spoken. | 26 | |
| 8154025015 | Multilingual States | Countries with more than one language spoken. | 27 | |
| 8154025016 | Official Language | Multilingual countries have language chosen by an educated, powerful elite, usually the language is spoken in Courts and in the government. | 28 | |
| 8154025017 | Global Language | Language most commonly used around the world. Basis of many speakers or trade prevelance. | 29 | |
| 8154025018 | Place | Uniqueness of a location. | 30 | |
| 8154025019 | Toponym | PLACE name | 31 |
AP Language Terminology Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6298806252 | allegory | The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. | 0 | |
| 6298812651 | alliteration | The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words. | 1 | |
| 6298818811 | allusion | A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work or art. | 2 | |
| 6298826541 | ambiguity | The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. | 3 | |
| 6298831463 | analogy | A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. | 4 | |
| 6298834658 | antecedent | The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. | 5 | |
| 6298841956 | antithesis | The opposition or contrast of ideas; the direct opposite. | 6 | |
| 6298845120 | aphorism | A terse statement of known authorship which express a general truth or a moral principle. | 7 | |
| 6298849995 | apostrophe | A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. | 8 | |
| 6298856088 | atmosphere | The emotional nod created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described. | 9 | |
| 6298862945 | caricature | A verbal description, the purpose of which is t exaggerate or distort, for comic effect, a person's distinctive physical features or other characteristics. | 10 | |
| 6298869934 | clause | A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. | 11 | |
| 6298872819 | colloquial/colloquialism | The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing. | 12 | |
| 6298876911 | conceit | A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects. | 13 | |
| 6298881470 | connotation | The non-literal, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning. | 14 | |
| 6298885478 | denotation | The strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color. | 15 | |
| 6298889444 | diction | The writer's word choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness. | 16 | |
| 6298893477 | didactic | Having the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially the teaching of moral or ethical principles. | 17 | |
| 6298900128 | euphemism | A more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept. | 18 | |
| 6298908068 | extended metaphor | A metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work. | 19 | |
| 6298912262 | figurative language | Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid. | 20 | |
| 6298917299 | figure of speech | A device used to produce figurative language. | 21 | |
| 6298922071 | generic conventions | Traditions for each genre. | 22 | |
| 6298924633 | genre | The major category into which a literary work fits. | 23 | |
| 6298929608 | homily | Any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice. | 24 | |
| 6298942266 | hyperbole | A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. | 25 | |
| 6298945799 | imagery | The sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. | 26 | |
| 6298953619 | inference/infer | To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented. | 27 | |
| 6298956759 | invective | A emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language. | 28 | |
| 6298962802 | irony/ironic | The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant, or the difference between what appears to be and what is actually true. | 29 | |
| 6298969916 | litotes | A form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite. | 30 | |
| 6298978289 | loose sentence/non-periodic sentence | A type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses. | 31 | |
| 6298985977 | metaphor | A figure of speech using implied comparison or seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity. | 32 | |
| 6298992406 | metonymy | a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. | 33 | |
| 6298997940 | mood | The prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work. | 34 | |
| 6299000002 | narrative | The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events. | 35 | |
| 6299003109 | onomatopoeia | A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. | 36 | |
| 6299007140 | oxymoron | A figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory term to suggest a paradox. | 37 | |
| 6299014813 | paradox | A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity. | 38 | |
| 6299021212 | parallelism | The grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity. | 39 | |
| 6299029452 | anaphora | A sub-type of parallelism, when the exact repetition of words or phrases occurs at the beginning of successive lines or sentences. | 40 | |
| 6299035553 | parody | A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. | 41 | |
| 6299039524 | pedantic | An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish. | 42 | |
| 6299043545 | periodic sentence | A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. | 43 | |
| 6299047564 | personification | A figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions. | 44 | |
| 6299054800 | point of view | The perspective from which a story is told. | 45 | |
| 6299058549 | prose | One of the major divisions of genre; refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all forms. | 46 | |
| 6299063621 | repetition | The duplication, either exact or approximate, or any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern. | 47 | |
| 6299070016 | rhetoric | The principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently and persuasively. | 48 | |
| 6299078178 | rhetorical modes | The variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing. | 49 | |
| 6299083287 | sarcasm | Bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something. | 50 | |
| 6299086461 | satire | A work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule. | 51 | |
| 6299090139 | semantics | The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relations to one another. | 52 | |
| 6299095289 | style | Style. | 53 | |
| 6299099429 | subject complement | The word or clause that follows a linking verb and complements, or completes, the subject or the sentence by either renaming it (predicative nominative) or describing it (predicative adjective). | 54 | |
| 6299108896 | subordinate clause | A clause that cannot stand alone and does not express a complete thought. | 55 | |
| 6299114534 | syllogism | A deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion. | 56 | |
| 6299121102 | symbol/symbolism | Anything that represents itself and stands for something else. | 57 | |
| 6299123800 | synecdoche | A figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole or, occasionally, the whole si used to represent a part. | 58 | |
| 6299133260 | synesthesia | Wen one kind of sensory stimulus evokes the subjective experience of another. | 59 | |
| 6299136972 | syntax | The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences. | 60 | |
| 6299139573 | theme | The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life. | 61 | |
| 6299142414 | thesis | The sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or position. | 62 | |
| 6299146524 | tone | The author's attitude toward his/her material, the audience, or both. | 63 | |
| 6299152412 | transition | A word or phrase that links different ideas. | 64 | |
| 6299154444 | understatement | The ironic minimalizing of fact, presents something as less significant than it is. | 65 | |
| 6299160804 | wit | Intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights. | 66 |
AP Psych- Memory and Language Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6677194638 | Short Term Memory | 7 items that last about 30 seconds | 0 | |
| 6677197319 | Chunking | Group items based on familiarity | 1 | |
| 6677246304 | Mnemonic Device | Trick or slogan Ex) ROYGBIV | 2 | |
| 6677250294 | Long Term Memory | Infinite amount of memories can be stored here | 3 | |
| 6677255229 | Episodic | Events of your life Ex) First kiss | 4 | |
| 6677258683 | Semantic | General knowledge and facts | 5 | |
| 6677261111 | Procedural | Skills and motor | 6 | |
| 6677263839 | Explicit Memory | Consciously attempt to remember | 7 | |
| 6677266581 | Implicit Memory | Pops into your head | 8 | |
| 6677266582 | Eidetic Memory | Photographic memory, extremely rare | 9 | |
| 6677274241 | Three Box Model |  | 10 | |
| 6677285803 | Levels of Processing Model | The more deeply we process, the more we remember | 11 | |
| 6677288222 | Parallel Distributed Processing | Simultaneous processing | 12 | |
| 6677290841 | Recognition and Recall Retrieval | Recognition- retrieval with a cue Recall- retrieval without a cue | 13 | |
| 6677375522 | Primary Effect and Recency Effect | Primary- Retrieval of 1st part of list Recency- Retrieval of last part | 14 | |
| 6677379669 | Serial Position Effect | Remember first and last but forget the middle | 15 | |
| 6677424880 | Semantic Network Theory | Use one memory to help retrieve a second memory | 16 | |
| 6677431133 | Mood Congruent Memory | Recall based on emotional state | 17 | |
| 6677435443 | State Dependant Theory | Recall based on physical state of body | 18 | |
| 6677443872 | Flash Bulb Memory | Extremely vivid and accurate memory, usually shocking | 19 | |
| 6677447926 | Semantic Distinctiveness | Remember it because it stands out | 20 | |
| 6677452744 | Decay Theory | Use the memory or lose the memory | 21 | |
| 6677455079 | Interference | Something gets in the way | 22 | |
| 6677456607 | Retroactive Interference | New info distorts the old | 23 | |
| 6677459118 | Proactive Interference | Old info gets in the way of recalling new | 24 | |
| 6677462319 | Childhood Amnesia | Can't remember anything before age 3 | 25 | |
| 6677467857 | Source Amnesia | Remember information, but not where you got it | 26 | |
| 6677470423 | Anterograde Amnesia | Can't make new memories | 27 | |
| 6677473105 | Retrograde Amnesia | Can't remember the past | 28 | |
| 6677482307 | Encoding Failure | Distorted input due to distraction | 29 | |
| 6677484802 | Forgetting Curve | Ebbinghaus Most forgetting happens the first day and slows down | 30 | |
| 6677490184 | Distributing Practice | Space out your learning | 31 | |
| 6677538199 | Long Term Potentiation | Neuromodulators work on memory | 32 | |
| 6677540231 | Epinephrine | Glue for memory | 33 | |
| 6677540233 | Hippocampus | Part of the brain that is in charge of memory | 34 | |
| 6677546185 | Language | Use of written or spoken symbols to convey an idea or concept | 35 | |
| 6677548325 | Phonemes | Smallest unit of language | 36 | |
| 6677554701 | Morphemes | Smallest unit of meaningful sound of language | 37 | |
| 6677560035 | Syntax | Rules of sentence structure | 38 | |
| 6677614095 | Grammar | Rules of the languages | 39 | |
| 6677614096 | Fresady | Tone or inflection changes the meaning | 40 | |
| 6677618112 | Stages of Language | Stage 1- Babble Stage 2- One word Stage 3- Telegraphic | 41 | |
| 6677630631 | Overregulation | Overuse our rules of grammar | 42 | |
| 6677634739 | Language Aquistion | Language is acquired and intellectual not modelled | 43 | |
| 6677638478 | Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis | Wharf Language determines and affects our thinking | 44 |
AP Language - Big Vocabulary Set Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 8592401771 | Bombastic | High sounding but with little meaning; inflated;grandiloquent. | 0 | |
| 8592401772 | Capricious | Impulsive; unpredictable. Sudden and unaccountable changes of mood or behavior. |  | 1 |
| 8592401773 | Colloquialism (Colloquial) | a word or phrase that is not formal or literary. It is still used in literature to provide a sense of actual conversation and the use of pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary of everyday speech. |  | 2 |
| 8592401774 | Apathy | lack of interest, enthusiasm or concern. No emotion |  | 3 |
| 8592401775 | Dialect | A variety of language confined to a region or group, manner or means of expressing oneself. |  | 4 |
| 8592401776 | Condescending | Having or feeling superior. patronizing or assuming superiority. |  | 5 |
| 8592401777 | Voice | An authors distinctive literary style, basic vision and general attitude toward the world. Revealed through the use of Syntax, Diction, Punctuation, Characterization, and Dialogue. |  | 6 |
| 8592401778 | Assertion | A confident and forceful statement of fact or belief. A declaration that's made em pathetically in an argument as it to be understood as a statement of fact. |  | 7 |
| 8592401779 | Cogent | (of an argument or case) clear, logical, and convincing. |  | 8 |
| 8592401780 | Coherent | (of an argument, theory, or policy) logical and consistent |  | 9 |
| 8592401781 | Cohesive | characterized by or causing cohesion (act or state of being uniting, cohering, or sticking together). |  | 10 |
| 8592401782 | Didactic | intended to teach, particularly in having moral instruction as an ulterior motive. |  | 11 |
| 8592401783 | Discourse | written or spoken communication or debate. (verb) speak or write authoritatively about a topic. |  | 12 |
| 8592401784 | Eloquence | fluent or persuasive speaking or writing. |  | 13 |
| 8592401785 | Fluid | able to flow easily. | 14 | |
| 8592401786 | implication | the conclusion that can be drawn from something, although it is not explicitly stated. |  | 15 |
| 8592401787 | lucid | expressed clearly; easy to understand |  | 16 |
| 8592401788 | rhetor | a teacher of rhetoric |  | 17 |
| 8592401789 | Arbiter | a person who settles a dispute or has ultimate authority in a matter |  | 18 |
| 8592401790 | Biased | unfairly prejudiced for or against something or someone. |  | 19 |
| 8592401791 | Exculpate | show or declare that (someone) is not guilty of wrongdoing |  | 20 |
| 8592401792 | Impartial | treating all rivals or disputants equally; fair and just. |  | 21 |
| 8592401793 | Incontrovertible | not able to be denied or disputed. |  | 22 |
| 8592401794 | Integrity | the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; moral uprightness. | 23 | |
| 8592401795 | Objectivity | the quality of being objective; justice; neutrality | 24 | |
| 8592401796 | Plausible | (of an argument or statement) seeming reasonable or probable. | 25 | |
| 8592401797 | Substantiated | provide evidence to support or prove that truth of. |  | 26 |
| 8592401798 | vindicated | clear (something) of blame or suspicion. |  | 27 |
| 8592401799 | Contemptuous | showing contempt; scornful |  | 28 |
| 8592401800 | Despotic | of, relating to, or characteristics of a despot (ruler with total power; usually unfair) |  | 29 |
| 8592401801 | Dictatorial | of or typical of a ruler with total control |  | 30 |
| 8592401802 | Disdain | the feeling that someone or something is unworthy of one's consideration or respect; contempt. |  | 31 |
| 8592401803 | Haughty | arrogantly superior and disdainful. |  | 32 |
| 8592401804 | Imperious | assuming power or authority without justification; arrogant and domineering. |  | 33 |
| 8592401805 | Patronizing | treat with an apparent kindness that betrays a feeling of superiority. |  | 34 |
| 8592401806 | Listless | lacking energy or enthusiasm. |  | 35 |
| 8592401807 | Melancholy | a feeling of pensive sadness, typically with no obvious cause. |  | 36 |
| 8592401808 | Torpor | a state of physical or mental inactivity |  | 37 |
| 8592401809 | alliance | a relationship based on an affinity in interests, nature, or qualities. |  | 38 |
| 8592401810 | disparity | a great difference, imbalance. |  | 39 |
| 8592401811 | impinge | have an affect or impact, especially a negative one. Influence. | 40 | |
| 8592401812 | Paradox | a state or proposition that, despite reasoning, leads to a conclusion that seems senseless, logically unacceptable, self-contradictory. |  | 41 |
| 8592401813 | allusion | an expression to call something to mind without mentioning it exactly; an indirect or passing reference. | 42 | |
| 8592401814 | parallelism | the act of being parallel or corresponding in some way. |  | 43 |
| 8592401815 | indolent | wanting to avoid activity or exertion; lazy. |  | 44 |
| 8592401816 | insipid. | lacking flavor, vigor or interest. |  | 45 |
| 8592401817 | lament | a passionate expression or grief or sorrow. |  | 46 |
| 8592401818 | Sanction | a threatening penalty for disobeying a law or rule |  | 47 |
| 8592401819 | servile | having or showing an excessive willingness to serve or please others. |  | 48 |
| 8592401820 | suppressed | forcibly to an end to. |  | 49 |
| 8592401821 | Embellish | make (something) more attractive by the addition of decorative details or features. |  | 50 |
| 8592401822 | florid | having a red or flushed complexion | 51 | |
| 8592401823 | opulent | ostentatiously rich and luxurious or lavish |  | 52 |
| 8592401824 | ornate | made in an intricate shape or decorated with complex patterns. |  | 53 |
| 8592401825 | ostentatious | characterized by vulgar or pretentious display; designed to impress or attract notice. |  | 54 |
| 8592401826 | poignant | evoking a keen sense or sadness or regret. |  | 55 |
| 8592401827 | Ebullience | the quality of being cheerful and full of energy; exuberance. |  | 56 |
| 8592401828 | effusive | expressing feelings of gratitude, pleasure, or approval in an unrestrained or heartfelt manner. | 57 | |
| 8592401829 | egregious | outstandingly bad; shocking. | 58 | |
| 8592401830 | frenetic | fast and energetic in a rather wild and uncontrolled way. |  | 59 |
| 8592401831 | gratuitous | uncalled for; lacking good reason; unwarranted |  | 60 |
| 8592401832 | flagrant | (of something considered wrong or immoral) conspicuously or obviously offensive | 61 | |
| 8592401833 | superfluous | unnecessary, especially through being more than enough. |  | 62 |
| 8592401834 | convoluted | extremely complex and difficult to follow (especially or a story, sentence, or argument). | 63 | |
| 8592401835 | cryptic | having a meaning that is mysterious or obscure |  | 64 |
| 8592401836 | Obscure | uncertain; not discovered or know about. |  | 65 |
| 8592401837 | futile | incapable of producing any useful result; pointless. |  | 66 |
| 8592401838 | impede | delay or prevent by obstructing them; hinder. |  | 67 |
| 8592401839 | quandary | a state of perplexity or uncertainty over what what to do in a difficult situation. |  | 68 |
| 8592401840 | alleviate | make (suffering or a problem) less severe. |  | 69 |
| 8592401841 | asylum | the protection granted by a nation to someone who has left their native country as a political refugee. ( or it can be a mental hospital). |  | 70 |
| 8592401842 | auspicious | conductive to success; favorable. |  | 71 |
| 8592401843 | benevolent | well meaning and kindly |  | 72 |
| 8592401844 | benign | gentle, kindly. |  | 73 |
| 8592401845 | Mollify | appease the anger or anxiety of (someone) |  | 74 |
| 8592401846 | reclamation | reclaiming; reformation, recovery. (or it can be land obtained from water) | 75 | |
| 8592401847 | Dubious | Not to be relied upon; suspect (hesitating or doubting) |  | 76 |
| 8592401848 | Fabricated | invent or concoct (something), typically with deceitful intent | 77 | |
| 8592401849 | Hypocrisy | the practice of claiming to have moral standards or beliefs to which one's own behavior does not conform; pretense |  | 78 |
| 8592401850 | Slander | make false and damaging statements about (someone). |  | 79 |
| 8592401851 | spurious | not being what it purports to be; false or fake |  | 80 |
| 8592401852 | Astute | having or showing an ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one's advantage |  | 81 |
| 8592401853 | clandestine | operation is an intelligence or millitary operation carried out in such a way that the operation goes unnoticed by the general population |  | 82 |
| 8592401854 | disingenuous | not candid or sincere, typically by pretending that one knows less about something than one really does. |  | 83 |
| 8592401855 | ruse | an action intended to deceive someone; a trick |  | 84 |
| 8592401856 | stratagem | a plan or scheme, especially one used to outwit an opponent or achieve an end |  | 85 |
| 8592401857 | surreptitious | kept secret, especially because it would not be approved of. |  | 86 |
| 8592401858 | wary | feeling or showing caution about possible dangers or problems |  | 87 |
| 8592401859 | wily | skilled at gaining an advantage, especially deceitfully. |  | 88 |
| 8592401860 | inconsequential | not important or significant |  | 89 |
| 8592401861 | superficial | existing or occurring at or on the surface. (appearing to be true or real only until examined more closely). | 90 | |
| 8592401862 | tenuous | very weak or slight >( small in degree). |  | 91 |
| 8592401863 | trivial | of little value or importance |  | 92 |
| 8592401864 | coup | a sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government. |  | 93 |
| 8592401865 | Ambiguous | (of language) open to more than one interpretation; having a double meaning. |  | 94 |
| 8592401866 | ambivalent | having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone. |  | 95 |
| 8592401867 | apathetic | showing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm, or concern. |  | 96 |
| 8592401868 | Arbitrary | based on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system. | 97 | |
| 8592401869 | capricious | given to sudden and unaccountable changes of mood or behavior | | 98 |
| 8592401870 | equivocate | use ambiguous language so as to conceal the truth or avoid committing oneself. |  | 99 |
| 8592401871 | indifferent | having no particular interest or sympathy; unconcerned. | | 100 |
| 8592401872 | whimsical | playfully quaint or fanciful, especially in an appealing and amusing way |  | 101 |
| 8592401873 | assiduous | showing great care and perseverance |  | 102 |
| 8592401874 | compelling | evoking interest, attention, or admiration in a powerfully irresistible way |  | 103 |
| 8592401875 | diligent | having or showing care and conscientiousness in one's work or duties |  | 104 |
| 8592401876 | dogged | having or showing tenacity and grim persistence. |  | 105 |
| 8592401877 | endure | suffer (something painful or difficult) patiently |  | 106 |
| 8592401878 | intrepid | fearless; adventurous (often used for rhetorical or humorous effect) |  | 107 |
| 8592401879 | maverick | an unorthodox or independent-minded person |  | 108 |
| 8592401880 | obdurate | stubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or course of action |  | 109 |
| 8592401881 | obstinate | stubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or chosen course of action, despite attempts to persuade one to do so |  | 110 |
| 8592401882 | proliferate | increase rapidly in numbers; multiply |  | 111 |
| 8592401883 | tenacity | the quality or fact of being able to grip something firmly; grip. |  | 112 |
| 8592401884 | vitality | the state of being strong and active; energy | 113 | |
| 8592401885 | assimilation | the process by which a person or a group's language and/or culture come to resemble those of another group |  | 114 |
| 8592401886 | consensus | general agreement. |  | 115 |
| 8592401887 | context | the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation. | 116 | |
| 8592401888 | derived | obtain something from (a specified source) | 117 | |
| 8592401889 | incumbent | necessary for (someone) as a duty or responsibility. |  | 118 |
| 8592401890 | inevitable | certain to happen; unavoidable |  | 119 |
| 8592401891 | malleable | easily influenced; pliable |  | 120 |
| 8592401892 | subdue | overcome, quieten, or bring under control (a feeling or person) |  | 121 |
| 8592401893 | Inoculate | medical : to give (a person or animal) a weakened form of a disease in order to prevent infection by the disease | 122 | |
| 8592401894 | Lurid | : causing shock or disgust : involving sex or violence in a way that is meant to be shocking : shining or glowing with a bright and unpleasant color | 123 | |
| 8592401895 | Putrefying | to be slowly destroyed by natural processes : to rot and become putrid | 124 | |
| 8592401896 | Somnolent | 1 : of a kind likely to induce sleep 2 a : inclined to or heavy with sleep : drowsy | 125 | |
| 8592401897 | Dour | serious and unfriendly : silent and gloomy | 126 | |
| 8592401898 | Errant | serious and unfriendly : silent and gloomy | 127 | |
| 8592401899 | Bewildered | 1 : to cause to lose one's bearings 2 : to perplex or confuse especially by a complexity, variety, or multitude of objects or considerations | 128 | |
| 8592401900 | Astroturfed | —used for an artificial surface that resembles grass | 129 | |
| 8592401901 | Geriatric | An old person y | 130 | |
| 8592401902 | Tromped | 1 : tramp 1
2 : to step hard : stamp | 131 | |
| 8592401903 | Connoisseur | : a person who knows a lot about something (such as art, wine, food, etc.) : an expert in a particular subject | 132 | |
| 8592401904 | Attesting | to show, prove, or state that something is true or real | 133 | |
| 8592401905 | Soporific | : causing a person to become tired and ready to fall asleep | 134 | |
| 8592401906 | indignant | (adj.) filled with resentment or anger over something unjust, unworthy, or mean | 135 | |
| 8592401907 | skirmish | a minor fight or battle | 136 | |
| 8592401908 | rasp | rough, grating tone | 137 | |
| 8592401909 | swathing | enveloping | 138 | |
| 8592401910 | depose | topple from power | 139 | |
| 8592401911 | deprecate | to disapprove regretfully, to belittle, to express mild disapproval | 140 | |
| 8592401912 | abase | to lower in rank, prestige, or esteem | 141 | |
| 8592401913 | magnanimity | having a lofty, generous, and courageous spirit | 142 | |
| 8592401914 | terse | brief and to the point | 143 | |
| 8592401915 | collateral | A security pledged for the repayment of a loan. | 144 | |
| 8592401916 | beguile | to deceive, to mislead, to persuade with charm | 145 | |
| 8592401917 | theologian | one who studies religion | 146 | |
| 8592401918 | discursive | rambling, moving from one topic to another randomly | 147 | |
| 8592401919 | grandeur | impressiveness; stateliness; majesty | 148 | |
| 8592401920 | indicative | demonstrates | 149 | |
| 8592401921 | apocryphal | of questionable authority or authenticity | 150 | |
| 8592401922 | extraneous | not essential; superfluous | 151 | |
| 8592401923 | adept | (adj.) thoroughly skilled; (n.) an expert | 152 | |
| 8592401924 | sanguine | optimistic | 153 | |
| 8592401925 | homiletic | didactic, moralistic | 154 | |
| 8592401926 | didactic | intended to instruct | 155 | |
| 8592401927 | lariat | rope used to catch cattle and horses | 156 | |
| 8592401928 | prolific | (adj.) abundantly productive; abundant, profuse | 157 | |
| 8592401929 | penury | extreme poverty | 158 | |
| 8592401930 | venerable | respectable due to age | 159 | |
| 8592401931 | punctilious | (adj.) very careful and exact, attentive to fine points of etiquette or propriety | 160 |
AP Language Rhetorical Vocabulary Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 9947271276 | alliteration | The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words | 0 | |
| 9947274279 | allusion | A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art | 1 | |
| 9947286191 | analogy | similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with or pointing out its similarity to something more familiar | 2 | |
| 9947292394 | atmosphere | The emotional nod created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described. | 3 | |
| 9947300157 | colloquial/colloquialism | The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing. Not generally acceptable for formal writing, colloquialisms give a work a conversational, familiar tone. | 4 | |
| 9947307164 | diction | Related to style, diction refers to the writer's word choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness. For the AP exam, you should be able to describe an author's diction (for example, formal or informal, ornate or plain) and understand the ways in which diction can complement the author's purpose. Diction, combined with syntax, figurative language, literary devices, etc., creates an author's style. | 5 | |
| 9947310560 | euphemism | From the Greek for "good speech," euphemisms are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept. The euphemism may be used to adhere to standards of social or political correctness or to add humor or ironic understatement. | 6 | |
| 9947319669 | hyperbole | A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. | 7 | |
| 9947326176 | metonymy | a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it | 8 | |
| 9947330217 | mood | The prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work. Setting, tone, and events can affect the mood. Mood is similar to tone and atmosphere. | 9 | |
| 9947332483 | oxymoron | From the Greek for "pointedly foolish," an oxymoron is a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox. examples; jumbo shrim, cruel kindness | 10 | |
| 9947340856 | paradox | A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity | 11 | |
| 9947345435 | parallelism | It refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity. | 12 | |
| 9947352591 | metaphor | - A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity. | 13 | |
| 9947370723 | second person narrator | a point of view (how a story is told) where the narrator tells the story to another character using the word 'you.' | 14 | |
| 9947386403 | syntax | The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences. Syntax is similar to diction, but you can differentiate them by thinking of syntax as groups of words, while diction refers to the individual words. | 15 | |
| 9947359956 | first person narrator | tells the story with the first person pronoun, "I," and is a character in the story. This narrator can be the protagonist, a secondary character, or an observing character. | 16 | |
| 9947363759 | third person narrator | relates the events with the third person pronouns, "he," "she," and "it." There are two main subdivisions to be aware of: a. third person omniscient, in which the narrator, with godlike knowledge, presents the thoughts and actions of any or all characters b. third person limited omniscient, in which the narrator presents the feelings and thoughts of only one character, presenting only the actions of all the remaining characters. | 17 | |
| 9947394260 | transition | A word or phrase that links different ideas. | 18 | |
| 9947399933 | invective | an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language. | 19 | |
| 9947388311 | tone | Similar to mood, tone describes the author's attitude toward his material, the audience, or both. Tone is easier to determine in spoken language than in written language. | 20 | |
| 9947407570 | juxtaposition | the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect. | 21 | |
| 9947430926 | figurative language | Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid. | 22 | |
| 9947563593 | Ethos | is used as a means of convincing an audience via the AUTHORITY or credibility of the persuader, be it a notable or experienced figure in the field or even a popular celebrity. | 23 | |
| 9947563594 | Logos | is a way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating an EMOTIONAL response to an impassioned plea or a convincing story. | 24 | |
| 9947563595 | Pathos | is a way of persuading an audience with REASON, using facts and figures. | 25 |
AP Language Terms Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 10167890169 | Cumulative (Loose) Sentence | begins with a main clause that is followed by phrases and/or clauses that modify the main clause. These phrases or clauses add information to the main or independent clause. | 0 | |
| 10167890170 | Periodic Sentence | a sentence that, by leaving the completion of its main clause to the end, produces an effect of suspense. |  | 1 |
| 10167890171 | Litotes/Understatement | a figure of speech in which a negative statement is used to affirm a positive statement. | 2 | |
| 10167890172 | Warrant | expresses the assumption necessarily shared by the speaker and the audience. | 3 | |
| 10167890173 | Ethos | an appeal to ethics and it is a means of convincing someone of the character or credibility of the persuader. |  | 4 |
| 10167890174 | Pathos | an appeal to emotion, and is a way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating an emotional response. |  | 5 |
| 10167890175 | Logos | an appeal to logic, and is a way of persuading an audience by reason. |  | 6 |
| 10167890176 | Concession | an acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable. |  | 7 |
| 10167890177 | Syllogism | A logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion. |  | 8 |
| 10167890178 | Major premise | contains the term that is the predicate of the conclusion. |  | 9 |
| 10167890179 | Minor premise | contains the term that is the subject of the conclusion. | | 10 |
| 10167890180 | Induction | a logical process wherein you reason from particulars to universal, using specific cases in order to draw a conclusion, which is also called a generalization. | 11 | |
| 10167890181 | Deduction | a logical process wherein you reach a conclusion by starting with a general principle or universal truth (a major premise). | 12 | |
| 10167890182 | Equivocation | a fallacy of argument in which a lie is given the appearance of truth, or in which the truth is misrepresented in deceptive language. | 13 | |
| 10167890183 | Refutation | a denial of the validity of an opposing argument. | 14 | |
| 10167890184 | Diction | a speaker's choice of words. Analysis of diction looks at these choices and what they add to the speaker's message. | 15 | |
| 10167890185 | Simile | a figure of speech used to explain or clarify an idea by comparing it explicitly to something else, using words like, as, or as though. |  | 16 |
| 10167890186 | Metaphor | figure of speech that compares two unlike things without using like or as. | 17 | |
| 10167890187 | Anaphora | the intentional repetition of beginning clauses in order to create an artistic effect. |  | 18 |
| 10167890188 | Rhetoric | it is the art of finding ways of persuading an audience. | 19 | |
| 10167890189 | Rhetorical Triangle | speaker-subject-audience |  | 20 |
| 10167890190 | Allusion | brief reference to a person, event, or place (real or fictitious) to to a work of art. | 21 | |
| 10167890191 | Hyperbole | deliberate exaggeration used for emphasis or to produce a comic or ironic effect; an overstatement to make a point. |  | 22 |
| 10167890192 | Personification | attribution of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object or an idea. |  | 23 |
| 10167890193 | Asyndeton | omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words. | 24 | |
| 10167890194 | Polysyndeton | the deliberate use of multiple conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses or words. |  | 25 |
| 10167890195 | Parallelism | similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses. | 26 | |
| 10167890196 | Antithesis | opposition, or contrast or ideas or words in a parallel construction. |  | 27 |
| 10167890197 | Enumeration | to mention separately as if in counting; name one by one; specify, as in list |  | 28 |
| 10167890198 | Rhetorical Question | Figure of speech in the form of a question posed for the rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer. Ex.) Are you stupid? | 29 | |
| 10167890199 | Chiasmus | the reversal in the order of words in two otherwise parallel phrases. Ex.) He went to the country, the country went to him. |  | 30 |
| 10167890200 | Rebuttal | In the Toulon model, a rebuttal gives voice to possible objections. |  | 31 |
| 10167890201 | Fallacy of Argument | a flaw in the structure of an argument that renders its conclusion invalid or suspect. |  | 32 |
| 10167890202 | Bandwagon Appeal | a fallacy of argument in which a course of action is recommended on the grounds that everyone else is following it. | 33 | |
| 10167890203 | Begging the Question | a fallacy of argument in which a claim is based on the very grounds that are in doubt or dispute. | 34 | |
| 10167890204 | Anecdote | a brief story used to illustrate a point or claim. |  | 35 |
| 10167890205 | Modes of Disclosure | Exposition- illustrates a point Narration- tells a story Description- creates a sensory image Argumentation- takes a position on an issue and defends it. | 36 | |
| 10167890206 | Example | a specific event, person, or detail of an idea cited and/or developed to support or illustrate a thesis or topic. | 37 | |
| 10167890207 | Contrast/ Comparison | a method of presenting similarities and differences between or among at least two persons, places, things, ideas, etc. may be organized by: Subject by subject Point by point Combination | 38 | |
| 10167890208 | Cause and Effect | establishes a relationship: B is the result of A. | 39 | |
| 10167890209 | Classification | separates items into major categories and details the characteristics of each group is placed within the category. | 40 | |
| 10167890210 | Process | simply "how to" do something is done. It can have one of two purposes. It can either give instructions or inform the reader about how something is done. | 41 | |
| 10167890211 | Definition | identifies the class to which a specific term belongs and those characteristics which make it different from all the other items in that class. | 42 | |
| 10167890212 | Narration | is nothing more than storytelling. There is a beginning, a middle, and an end. | 43 | |
| 10167890213 | Description | writing that appeals to the senses. It can be objective, which is scientific or clinical, or it can be impressionistic, which tries to involve the reader's emotions or feelings. | 44 | |
| 10167890214 | Dogmatism` | a fallacy of argument in which a claim is supported on the grounds that it's the only conclusion acceptable within a given community. | 45 | |
| 10167890215 | False Dilemma or Dichotomy | a fallacy of argument in which a complicated issue is misrepresented as offering only two possible alternatives, one of which is often made to seem vastly preferable to the other. | 46 | |
| 10167890216 | False authority | a fallacy of argument in which a claim is based on the expertise of someone who lacks appropriate credentials. | 47 | |
| 10167890217 | Faulty causality | a fallacy of argument making the unwarranted assumption that because one event follows another, the first event causes the second. Also called post hoc, ergo propter hoc, this forms the basis of many superstitions. | 48 | |
| 10167890218 | Hasty generalization | a fallacy of argument in which an inference is drawn from insufficient data. | 49 | |
| 10167890219 | Non sequitor | a fallacy of argument in which claims, reasons, or warrants fail to connect logically; one point doesn't follow from another. | 50 | |
| 10167890243 | Allegory | The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. A story in which each aspect of the story has a symbolic meaning outside the tale itself. | 51 | |
| 10167890244 | Alliteration | The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words (as in "she sells sea shells"). |  | 52 |
| 10167890245 | Allusion | A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art. | 53 | |
| 10167890246 | Ambiguity | The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. |  | 54 |
| 10167890247 | Analogy | A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. | 55 | |
| 10167890248 | Antecedent | The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. | 56 | |
| 10167890249 | Antithesis | the opposition or contrast of ideas; the direct opposite. |  | 57 |
| 10167890250 | Aphorism | A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle. (If the authorship is unknown, the statement is generally considered to be a folk proverb.) | 58 | |
| 10167890251 | Apostrophe | A prayer like figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. It is an address to someone or something that cannot answer. | 59 | |
| 10167890252 | Atmosphere | The emotional nod created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described. | 60 | |
| 10167890253 | Caricature | a verbal description, the purpose of which is to exaggerate or distort, for comic effect, a person's distinctive physical features or other characteristics. | 61 | |
| 10167890254 | Clause | A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. | 62 | |
| 10167890255 | Colloquial/Colloquialism | The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing. | 63 | |
| 10167890256 | Literary Conceit | A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects; displays intellectual cleverness through unusual comparisons that make good sense | 64 | |
| 10167890257 | Connotation | The non-literal, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning. | 65 | |
| 10167890258 | Denotation | The strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color. | 66 | |
| 10167890259 | Diction | Related to style, diction refers to the writer's word choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness. | 67 | |
| 10167890260 | Didactic | From the Greek, didactic literally means "teaching." | 68 | |
| 10167890261 | Euphemism | From the Greek for "good speech," euphemisms are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept - POLITICALLY CORRECT | 69 | |
| 10167890262 | Extended Metaphor | A metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work. | 70 | |
| 10167890263 | Figurative Language | Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid | 71 | |
| 10167890264 | Figure of speech | A device used to produce figurative language. Many compare dissimilar things. Figures of speech include apotrophe hyperbole irony metaphor oxymoron paradox personification simile syneddoche understatement | 72 | |
| 10167890265 | Genre | The major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama. | 73 | |
| 10167890266 | Homily | This term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice. | 74 | |
| 10167890267 | Hyperbole | A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. (The literal Greek meaning is "overshoot.") | 75 | |
| 10167890268 | Imagery | The sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. | 76 | |
| 10167890269 | Inference/infer | To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented. | 77 | |
| 10167890270 | Invective | an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language. | 78 | |
| 10167890271 | Irony/ironic | The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant, or the difference between what appears to be and what is actually true. | 79 | |
| 10167890272 | Loose sentence/non-periodic sentence | A type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses. | 80 | |
| 10167890273 | Metaphor | A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity. | 81 | |
| 10167890274 | Metonymy | A figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. | 82 | |
| 10167890275 | Mood | The prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work. | 83 | |
| 10167890276 | Narrative | The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events. | 84 | |
| 10167890277 | onomatopoeia | A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. | 85 | |
| 10167890278 | Oxymoron | Oxymoron is a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox. | 86 | |
| 10167890279 | Paradox | A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity. | 87 | |
| 10167890280 | Parallelism | the use of successive verbal constructions in poetry or prose that correspond in grammatical structure, sound, meter, meaning, etc. | 88 | |
| 10167890281 | Parody | A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. | 89 | |
| 10167890282 | Pedantic | An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish (language that might be described as "show-offy"; using big words for the sake of using big words). | 90 | |
| 10167890283 | Periodic sentence | The opposite of loose sentence, a sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. | 91 | |
| 10167890284 | Personification | A figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions. | 92 | |
| 10167890285 | Point of view | In literature, the perspective from which a story is told. | 93 | |
| 10167890286 | Prose | written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure. | 94 | |
| 10167890287 | Repetition | The duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern. | 95 | |
| 10167890288 | Rhetoric | From the Greek for "orator," this term describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively. | 96 | |
| 10167890289 | Sarcasm | Involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something. | 97 | |
| 10167890290 | Satire | A work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule. | 98 | |
| 10167890291 | Subordinate clause | Like all clauses, this word group contains both a subject and a verb (plus any accompanying phrases or modifiers), but unlike the independent clause, this clause cannot stand alone; it does not express a complete thought. | 99 | |
| 10167890292 | Syllogism | A deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises (the first one called "major" and the second called "minor") that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion. | 100 | |
| 10167890293 | Symbol/symbolism | Generally, anything that represents itself and stands for something else. | 101 | |
| 10167890294 | Syntax | The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences. | 102 | |
| 10167890295 | Theme | The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life. | 103 | |
| 10167890296 | Thesis | The sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or position. | 104 | |
| 10167890297 | Tone | Describes the author's attitude toward his material, the audience, or both. | 105 | |
| 10167890298 | Transition | A word or phrase that links different ideas. Used especially, although not exclusively, in expository and argumentative writing, effectively signal a shift from one idea to another. | 106 | |
| 10167890299 | Understatement | the ironic minimalizing of fact; presents something as less significant than it is. | 107 | |
| 10167890300 | Wit | in modern usage, intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights. | 108 | |
| 10167890301 | Slippery Slope | This is the failure to provide evidence to support a claim that one event will lead to a catastrophic chain of events. | 109 | |
| 10167890302 | straw man | When a writer argues against a claim that nobody actually holds or is universally considered weak. | 110 | |
| 10167890303 | Ethos | An appeal to credibility. The writer is seeking to convince you that he or she has the background, history, skills, and/or expertise to speak on the issue. | 111 | |
| 10167890304 | Juxtaposition | Making on idea more dramatic by placing it next to its opposite. | 112 | |
| 10167890305 | Logos | An appeal to reason. | 113 | |
| 10167890306 | Pathos | An appeal to emotion. | 114 | |
| 10167890307 | Rhetorical Question | A question whose answer is assumed. | 115 | |
| 10167890308 | Simile | A critical figure of speech in an argument when what is unknown is compared to something that is known using the word "like," "as," or "than" in order to better perceive its importance. | 116 | |
| 10167890309 | rhetorical appeal | the persuasive devices by which a writer tries to sway an audience's attention and response to any given work. See logos, ethos, and pathos. | 117 | |
| 10167890310 | descriptive detail | When an essay uses this phrase, look for the writer's sensory description. | 118 | |
| 10167890311 | devices | The figures of speech, syntax, diction, and other stylistic elements that collectively produce a particular artistic effect. | 119 | |
| 10167890312 | narrative devices | This term describes the tools of the storyteller (also used in nonfiction), such as ordering events so that they build to a climactic moment or withholding information until a crucial or appropriate moment when revealing it creates a desired effect. On the essay portion of the exam, this term may also apply to biographical and autobiographical writing. | 120 | |
| 10167890313 | narrative techniques | The style of telling the "story," even if the passage is nonfiction. Concentrate on the order of events and on their detail in evaluating a writer's technique. | 121 | |
| 10167890314 | Ad hominem argument | An argument attacking an individual's character rather than his or her position on an issue | 122 | |
| 10167890315 | Anaphora | Figure of repetition that occurs when the first word or set of words in one sentence, clause, or phrase is/are repeated at or very near the beginning of successive sentences, clauses, or phrases; repetition of the initial words over successive phrases or clauses | 123 | |
| 10167890316 | Anecdote | A brief story that illustrates or makes a point | 124 | |
| 10167890317 | Appeal to authority | A fallacy in which a speaker or writer seeks to persuade not by giving evidence but by appealing to the respect people have for a famous person or institution. | 125 | |
| 10167890318 | Argumentation | one of the four forms of discourse which uses logic, ethics, and emotional appeals (logos, ethos, pathos) to develop an effective means to convince the reader to think or act in a certain way. | 126 | |
| 10167890319 | Assonance | Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity | 127 | |
| 10167890320 | Asyndeton | A series of words separated by commas (with no conjunction). | 128 | |
| 10167890321 | tone | A speaker's, author's, or character's disposition toward or opinion of a subject. | 129 | |
| 10167890322 | Balanced sentence | A sentence in which words, phrases, or clauses are set off against each other to emphasize a contrast | 130 | |
| 10167890323 | Begging the question | Often called circular reasoning, __ occurs when the believability of the evidence depends on the believability of the claim. | 131 | |
| 10167890220 | understatement | "I have to have this operation. It isn't very serious. I have this tiny little tumor on the brain." Holden Caulfield, Catcher in the Rye | 132 | |
| 10167890221 | parallelism | "My fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country." John F. Kennedy | 133 | |
| 10167890222 | allusion | The rise in poverty will unlock the Pandora's box of crimes. | 134 | |
| 10167890223 | hyperbole | "I'll love you, dear, I'll love you/Till China and Africa meet,/And the river jumps over the mountain" | 135 | |
| 10167890224 | aphorism | "Having nothing, nothing can he lose." | 136 | |
| 10167890225 | metonymy | "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears." Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, Act I | 137 | |
| 10167890226 | invective | "I cannot but conclude the bulk of your natives to be the most pernicious race of little odious vermin that nature ever suffered to crawl upon the surface of the earth." Jonathan Swift Gulliver's Travels | 138 | |
| 10167890227 | antithesis | "To err is human; to forgive divine." Alexander Pope "An Essay on Criticism" | 139 | |
| 10167890228 | euphemism | "I am one, sir, that comes to tell you your daughter and the Moor are now making the beast with two backs." William Shakespeare Othello | 140 | |
| 10167890229 | periodic sentence | In spite of heavy snow and cold temperatures, the game continued. | 141 | |
| 10167890230 | paradox | "Whatever you do will be insignificant, but it is very important that you do it." -Gandhi | 142 | |
| 10167890231 | alliteration | "His soul swooned slowly as he heard the snow falling faintly through the universe and faintly falling, like the descent of their last end, upon all the living and the dead." | 143 | |
| 10167890232 | chiasmus | "he heard the snow falling faintly through the universe and faintly falling" | 144 | |
| 10167890233 | oxymoron | "Yet I should kill thee with much cherishing. / Good night, good night! Parting is such sweet sorrow, / That I shall say good night till it be morrow." | 145 | |
| 10167890234 | personification | "Pearl Button swung on the little gate in front of the House of Boxes. It was the early afternoon of a sunshiny day with little winds playing hide-and-seek in it." | 146 | |
| 10167890235 | onomatopoeia | "He saw nothing and heard nothing but he could feel his heart pounding and then he heard the clack on stone and the leaping, dropping clicks of a small rock falling." | 147 | |
| 10167890236 | inverted syntax | "Patience you must have, my young padawan." | 148 | |
| 10167890237 | spatial description | "In my pantry, coffee, tea powder, and sugar have been kept in the top shelf. Flour, canned food, and dry pasta are on the second shelf." | 149 | |
| 10167890238 | synecdoche | a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa, as in Cleveland won by six runs (meaning "Cleveland's baseball team"). |  | 150 |
| 10167890239 | zeugma | a figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses (e.g., John and his license expired last week ) or to two others of which it semantically suits only one (e.g., with weeping eyes and hearts ). |  | 151 |
| 10167890240 | kairos | Refers to the "timeliness" of an argument. Often, for an ad or an argument to be successful, it needs appropriate tone and structure and come at the right time. |  | 152 |
| 10167890241 | decorum | etiquette; behavior in keeping with good taste and propriety. |  | 153 |
| 10167890242 | audience | the assembled spectators or listeners at a public event, such as a play, movie, concert, or meeting. |  | 154 |
AP Language Terms Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7753801847 | Allegory | A story in which each aspect of the story has a symbolic meaning outside the tale itself. | 0 | |
| 7753801848 | Alliteration | Repetition of initial consonant sounds | 1 | |
| 7753801849 | Allusion | A reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art | 2 | |
| 7753801850 | Analogy | A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. | 3 | |
| 7753801851 | Anecdote | A brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event. | 4 | |
| 7753801852 | Antecedent | The word, phrase or clause referred to by a pronoun. | 5 | |
| 7753801853 | Aphorism | a concise statement of a truth or principle | 6 | |
| 7753801854 | Apostrophe | An address to a dead or absent person, or personification as if he or she were present | 7 | |
| 7753801855 | Clause | A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. | 8 | |
| 7753801856 | Diction | A writer's or speaker's choice of words | 9 | |
| 7753801857 | Didactic | having the primary purpose of teaching or instructing | 10 | |
| 7753801858 | Euphemism | An indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant | 11 | |
| 7753801859 | Hyperbole | exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally. | 12 | |
| 7753801860 | Inference | A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning | 13 | |
| 7753801861 | Invective | an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language. | 14 | |
| 7753801862 | Juxtaposition | the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect | 15 | |
| 7753801863 | Metaphor | A comparison without using like or as | 16 | |
| 7753801864 | Metonymy | substituting the name of one object for another object closely associated with it | 17 | |
| 7753801865 | Paradox | a statement that seems contradictory but is actually true | 18 | |
| 7753801866 | Parallelism | similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses | 19 | |
| 7753801867 | Parody | a work which imitates another in a ridiculous manner | 20 | |
| 7753801868 | Personification | the giving of human qualities to an animal, object, or idea | 21 | |
| 7753801869 | point of view | The perspective from which a story is told | 22 | |
| 7753801870 | Prose | One of the major divisions of genre, prose refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms | 23 | |
| 7753801871 | Rhetoric | The art of using language effectively and persuasively | 24 | |
| 7753801872 | rhetorical appeal | The persuasive device by which a writer tries to sway the audience's attention and response to any given work | 25 | |
| 7753801873 | Logos | Appeal to logic | 26 | |
| 7753801874 | Ethos | Credibility | 27 | |
| 7753801875 | Pathos | appeal to emotion | 28 | |
| 7753801876 | Rhetorical modes | describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing | 29 | |
| 7753801877 | Exposition | a comprehensive description and explanation of an idea or theory | 30 | |
| 7753801878 | Argumentation | exploration of a problem by investigating all sides of it; persuasion through reason | 31 | |
| 7753801879 | Description | a statement that depicts a person, event, idea, or the like with clarity and vividness | 32 | |
| 7753801880 | Narration | retelling an event or series of events | 33 | |
| 7753801881 | rhetorical question | A question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer | 34 | |
| 7753801882 | Satire | using humor to expose something or someone to ridicule | 35 | |
| 7753801883 | Simile | A comparison using "like" or "as" | 36 | |
| 7753801884 | Syllogism | a form of deductive reasoning with a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion | 37 | |
| 7753801885 | symbol/symbolism | Generally, anything that represents itself and stands for something else. | 38 | |
| 7753801886 | Synesthesia | when one kind of sensory stimulus evokes the subjective experience of another | 39 | |
| 7753801887 | Syntax | The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. | 40 | |
| 7753801888 | Theme | Central idea of a work of literature | 41 | |
| 7753801889 | Tone | Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character | 42 | |
| 7753801890 | Understatement | The ironic minimizing of fact, presents something as less significant than it is. | 43 |
Pages
Need Help?
We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.
For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.
If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.
Need Notes?
While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!
