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AP Language Vocabulary Flashcards

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8778575716vicissitudevariation in circumstances or fortune0
8778575717reticentreluctant to draw attention to yourself1
8778575718deterrenttending to prevent2
8778575719expurgateedit by omitting or modifying3
8778575720animosityFeeling of ill will arousing active hostility4
8778575721ominousthreatening or foreshadowing evil5
8778575722pugnaciousready and able to resort to force or violence6
8778575723causticharsh or corrosive in tone7
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AP English Language Vocabulary Unit VI Flashcards

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7874286645equ•comes from the Latin word aequus, meaning "equal."0
7874292115Equable:(1) Tending to remain calm. (2) Free from harsh changes or extreme variations.1
7874296208AdequacyBeing equal to some need or requirement.2
7874299289Equilibrium(1) A state in which opposing forces are balanced so that one is not stronger or greater than the other. (2) A state of emotional balance or calmness.3
7874301732EquinoxA day when day and night are the same length.4
7874306468QUISderived from the Latin verb meaning "to seek or obtain." The roots quer, quir, and ques are derived from the same Latin verb and give us words such as inquiry and question.5
7874308769InquisitionA questioning or examining that is often harsh or severe6
7874318582Perquisite(1) A privilege or profit that is provided in addition to one's base salary. (2) Something claimed as an exclusive possession or right.7
7874322244Acquisitive•Eager to acquire; greedy.8
7874325245Requisition•A demand or request (such as for supplies) made with proper authority.9
7874330675PLE/PLENcomes from a Latin word meaning "to fill."10
7874333261Plenary(1) Including all who have a right to attend. (2) Complete in all ways.11
7874337725Complement(1) Something that fills up or makes perfect; the amount needed to make something complete. (2) A counterpart.12
7874339641DepleteTo reduce in amount by using up.13
7874342810RepleteFully or abundantly filled or supplies.14
7874347684METR/METERcomes to us from Greek by way of Latin; in both languages it refers to "measure."15
7874349985Metric(1) Relating to or based on the metric system. (2) Relating to or arranged in meter.16
7874353424Meter(1) The basic metric unit of length, equal to about 39.37 inches. (2) A systematic rhythm in poetry or music.17
7874360438OdometerAn instrument used to measure distance traveled.18
7874362791TachometerA device used to measure speed of rotation.19
7874368085AUDfrom the Latin verb audire, is the root that has to do with hearing.20
7874370637AuditorA person who formally examines and verifies financial accounts.21
7874374427Auditory(1) Perceived or experienced through hearing. (2) Of or relating to the sense or organs of hearing.22
7874379916AuditionA trial performance to evaluate a performer's skills.23
7874381753InaudibleNot heard or capable of being heard.24
7874384941SONthe Latin root meaning "sound." Sonata, meaning a piece for one or two instruments, was originally an Italian verb meaning "sounded."25
7874390406Sonic(1) Having to do with sound. (2) Having to do with the speed of sound in air (about 750 mph).26
7874396105Dissonant(1) Clashing or discordant, especially in music. (2) Incompatible or disagreeing.27
7874400438Resonance(1) A continuing or echoing of sound. (2) A richness and variety in the depth and quality of sound.28
7874403079UltrasonicHaving a frequency higher than what can be heard by the human ear.29
7874409892ERRfrom the Latin verb errare, means to wander" or "to stray."30
7874412558Errant(1) Wandering or moving about aimlessly. (2) Straying outside proper bounds, or away from an accepted pattern or standard.31
7874415983AberrantStraying or differing from the right, normal, or natural type.32
7874423962Erratic(1) Having no fixed course. (2) Lacking in consistency.33
7874429172ErroneousMistaken, incorrect.34
7874435657CEDcomes from the Latin verb cedere, meaning "to proceed" or "to yield".35
7874438654CedeTo give up, especially by treaty; yield.36
7874443146ConcedeTo admit grudgingly; yield.37
7874446467Accede(1) To give in to a request or demand. (2) To give approval or consent.38
7874451031PrecedentSomething done or said that may be an example or rule to guide later acts of a similar kind.39
7874457848Augean stableA condition or place marked by great accumulation of filth or corruption.40
7874461487CroesusA very rich person.41
7874465581Dragon's TeethSeed of conflict.42
7874471297HadesThe underworld home of the dead in Greek mythology.43
7874476757Lethargic(1) Lazily sluggish. (2) Indifferent or apathetic.44
7874479744Midas touchThe talent for making money in every venture.45
7874492249Pyrrhic victoryA victory won at excessive cost.46
7874497215StygianExtremely dark, dank, gloomy, and forbidding.47
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AP Language Vocabulary Flashcards

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9940117709Ad Hominem ArgumentLatin for "to or against the person," this fallacy involves switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker0
9940117710Ad Populum (bandwagon appeal)This fallacy occurs when evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do."1
9940117711AllegoryThe device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning2
9940117712AllusionA direct or indirect reference to something that is commonly known. Allusions can be historical, literary, religious, or mythical.3
9940117713AmbiguityThe multiple meanings of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage.4
9940117714AnalogyA similarity or relationship between two things. It can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with something more familiar.5
9940117715antecedentThe word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun6
9940117716AntithesisA figure of speech that involves an opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction.7
9940117717Appeal to False AuthorityThis fallacy occurs when someone who has no expertise on a subject is cited as an authority.8
9940117718ApostropheA figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction.9
9940117719Archaic DictionOld-fashioned or outdated choice of words10
9940117720AsyndentonOmission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words.11
9940117721AttitudeA writer's position or emotion regarding the subject of the writing.12
9940117722CaricatureA representation in which the subject's features are deliberately exaggerated to produce a comic or grotesque effect.13
9940117723ConcessionAn acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable.14
9940117724ConnotationsMeanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition. Connotations are positive or negative.15
9940117725ContextThe circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text.16
9940117726CounterargumentAn opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward17
9940117727ChiasmusA figure of speech based on inverted parallelism. It is a rhetorical figure in which two clauses are related to each other through a reversal of terms.18
9940117728AntimetaboleRepetition of words in reverse order; a type of chiasmus, but not all chiasmus are antimetabole.19
9940117729ColloquialismSlang or informality in speech or writing20
9940117730ClaimAlso called an assertion or a proposition; states the argument's main idea or position. It differs from a topic or subject in that it must be arguable.21
9940117731Claim of FactA claim that asserts that something is true or not true. Ex. Test scores accurately measure a student's success!22
9940117732Claim of ValueA claim that argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong. Ex. Sugary candy is corrupting today's youth.23
9940117733Claim of PolicyA claim that proposes a change. Ex. Legalize underwater basketweaving!24
9940117734Closed ThesisA statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews major points the writer intends to make. Ex. The three-dimensional characters, exciting plot, and complex themes of the Harry Potter series makes them legendary children's books.25
9940117735conceitA fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or a surprising analogy between two dissimilar objects.26
9940117736Concrete detailSpecific details, facts, or examples used to support the main idea of a text.27
9940117737denotationThe strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word.28
9940117738dictionrelated to style, this device refers to the writer's word choices. Examples include, formal or informal, ornate or plain.29
9940117739didacticAn adjective describing something with the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially teaching moral or ethical principals30
9940117740ethosA speaker's expertise, knowledge, experience, sincerity, and common purpose with the audience are examples of how a speaker demonstrates they are credible and trustworthy.31
9940117741euphemisma more agreeable or less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts32
9940117742extended metaphora metaphor developed at great length33
9940117743homilyThis term literally means, "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.34
9940117744hyperbolea figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement35
9940117745imagerythe sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions36
9940117746inferto draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented. Inferences are not directly stated.37
9940117747ironythe contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant; the difference between what appears to be and what is actually true.38
9940117748juxtapositionplacing dissimilar items, descriptions, or ideas closely together or side by side, especially for comparison or contrast.39
9940117749logical fallacyA mistake in verbal reasoning. The reasoning must be potentially deceptive.40
9940117750metaphorA figure of speech using implied comparison of unlike things that can make writing more vivid, imaginative, thought-provoking, and meaningful.41
9940117751mode of discourse: expositionwriting that intends to inform and demonstrate a point42
9940117752mode of discourse: narrationwriting that tells a story or relates a series of events43
9940117753mode of discourse: descriptionwriting that creates sensory images, often evoking a mood or atmosphere44
9940117754mode of discourse: argumentationwriting that takes a stand on an issue and supports it with evidence and logical reasoning45
9940117755onomatopoeiaa figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sound of words46
9940117756parallelism/parallel construction/parallel structurethe grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences or paragraphs to give structural similarity47
9940117757parodya work that closely imitates the style or content of another work with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule48
9940117758pathosa speaker's intent to inspire an emotional reaction in an audience49
9940117759personificationa figure of speech in which the author endows an inanimate object with human qualities or characteristics50
9940117760point of view--first personThe perspective from which a story is told, telling the story with the pronoun "I" and with the narrator as a character in the story.51
9940117761point of view--third person limited omniscientA perspective from which a story is told, using pronouns like "he," "she," and "they," in which the narrator presents the feelings and thoughts of primarily one character.52
9940117762proseA writing style (both fiction and nonfiction) that is written in ordinary language and most closely resembles everyday speech.53
9940117763repetitionThe duplication of any element of language, such as sound, word, phrase, sentence, or grammatical pattern.54
9940117764rhetoricGreek for "orator" describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively55
9940117765logosemploys logical reasoning, combining a clear idea with well-thought-out and appropriate examples and details56
9940117766rhetorical appealsThe persuasive device by which a writer tries to sway the audience's attention and response to a given work.57
9940117767oxymorona paradox made up of two seemingly contradictory words58
9940117768personathe face or character that a speaker shows to his or her audience59
9940117769polemicAn aggressive argument that tries to establish the superiority of one opinion over all others. Ex. No concession to other arguments.60
9940117770polysyndetonThe deliberate use of multiple conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words.61
9940117771propagandaThe spread of ideas and information to further a cause, often misleading and for political purposes62
9940117772qualifierwords used to temper a claim, making it less absolute Ex. usually, probably, maybe, in most cases, most likely63
9940117773colloquialCharacteristic of ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing64
9940117774second-hand evidenceevidence that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation65
9940117775tropeartful diction; a figure of speech such as metaphor, simile, hyperbole, metonymy, or synecdoche66
9940117776metonymya figure of speech in which something is represented by another thing that is related to it or emblematic of it.67
9940117777synecdochefigure of speech that uses a part to represent the whole. Ex. "All hands on deck!"68
9940117778zeugma/syllepsisThe use of a word to modify two or more words when it is appropriate to use only one of them or is appropriate to use each but in a different way. Ex. "To wage war and peace" or "On his fishing trip he caught three trout and a cold."69
9940117779rhetorical questiona question that is asked merely for effect and does not expect a reply70
9940117780satirea work that uses exaggeration targets human vices and follies, or societal institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule71
9940117781similean explicit comparison, using "like" or "as"72
9940117782styleAn evaluation of a sum of choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices.73
9940117783syllogismA deductive system of formal logic that presents to premises--the first one called major and the second minor--that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion.74
9940117784symbolAn object, action, character, scene, or idea that represents something more abstract.75
9940117785syntaxthe way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences; the formal term for sentence structure76
9940117786themethe central idea or message of a work; should be expressed in complete sentences by combining the topic with a verb. Ex. Forgiveness is earned through sacrifice.77
9940117787thesisthe sentence or group of sentences that directly express the author's opinion, purpose, meaning or proposition78
9940117788tonedescribes the author's attitude toward his or her material, the audience, or both.79
9940117789moodThe dominant impression or emotional atmosphere evoked by a text80
9940117790transitiona word or phrase that links different ideas or effectively signals a shift from one idea to another.81
9940117791rhetorical strategiesA global term that refers to all the strategies an author can use. Ex. structure, purpose, style82
9940117792Begging the QuestionA fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt. It "begs" a question whether the support itself is sound.83
9940117793Either/Or Fallacy (false dilemma)In this fallacy, the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices.84
9940117794First-hand evidenceEvidence based on something the writer knows, whether it's from personal experience or observations.85
9940117795Hasty generalizationA fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate information. Ex. Smoking isn't bad for you; my aunt smoked a pack a day and lived to be 90.86
9940117796periodic sentencetype of sentence that places the subordinate elements first with the main clause/primary point at the end of the sentence87
9940117797occasionthe time and place a speech is given or a piece is written88
9940117798open thesisA type of thesis statement that does NOT list all of the points the writer intends to cover in an essay. Ex. The popularity of the Harry Potter books demonstrates that both young and old readers value the fanciful world of wizardry.89
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AP Language quiz Flashcards

The first CL DEV and VOC quiz

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7371350190Tableau (n)A group of models or motionless figures representing a scene from history0
7371350191GuildsOrganizations of self-imployed artisans in the middle ages that sought to regulate price & quality of products1
7371350192Young TurkAn insurgent person trying to take control of a situation or organization by force or political maneuvering2
7371350193TroubadoursTraveling poet-musicians who flourished in Southern Europe during the 17th century who wrote about chivalry and love3
7371350194Cogito, ergo sumI think, therefore I am4
7371350195ZeitgeistThe general moral, intellectual, and cultural climate of an era "time spirit"5
7371350196AlchemyA science that sought to transform base metals to gold (precursor of chemistry)6
7371350197Halcyon DaysTimes of peace and tranquility referring to a mythological bird that has the power to calm the waves when it nested by the sea7
7371350198ExistentialismMovement in 20th century literature & philosophy. People are individually acting, free being, & responsible for what they have to make themselves8
7371350199AngstA kind of fear or anxiety9
7371350200Philosophers stoneThe material alchemists believed capable of changing base metals into gold10
7371350201Harlem renaissanceAn African American cultural movement of the 1920s-30s in the Harlem area of New York City11
7371350202MilieuA persons social or cultural environment or setting12
7371350203AbjureGive up; forswear; denounce13
7371350204AbrogateTo abolish, do away with or annul14
7371350205AbstemiousMarked by restraint especially in the consumption of food or alcohol15
7371350206AcumenKeenness of skill in making correct decisions and judgement in a particular subject such as business or politics or practical matters16
7371350207AntebellumA period before war, especially the American civil war17
7371350208AuspiciousAttended by favorable circumstances marked by success; prosperous18
7371350209BellicoseWarlike manner or temperament19
7371350210ChicaneryThe use of tricks to deceive; deception20
7371350211ChurlishBoorish or vulgar; bad disposition21
7371350212BelieTo picture falsely; misinterpretation22
7371350213CircumlocutionIndirect, wordy language. Talking around or evasion of speech or writing23
7371350214ParallelismRecurring sentence structure to create a pattern24
7371350215ChiasmusReverse sentence structure at the end of the sentence25
7371350216HyperboleExaggeration for emphasis26
7371350217UnderstatementPurposely downplayed something the reader would expect to be emphasized27
7371350218LitotesUnderstatement by negating the opposite of the condition28
7371350219HypophoraAsking a question then answering29
7382560847AdnosticismA denial of knowledge about whether there is or is not a GOD30
7382560848circumnavigate (verb)To proceed around, to avoid, circumvent31
7382560849AntithesisMaking use of contrast in language to bring out contrast in ideas32
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AP Language and Compostition Vocab Flashcards

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8821534053Author's PurposeWhy are they writing it?0
8821536466Tonethe attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience1
8821538568Moodelement that evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions2
8821542625ConnotationThe emotional implications and associations that a word may carry, in contrast to its denotative (literal) meanings. An idea that is implied or suggested3
8821548575DenotationDenotation =The direct or dictionary meaning of a word, in contrast to its figurative or associated meanings4
8821551602Formalliterary; educated5
8821554204Informalconversational6
8821557241ColloquialAn informal expression that is more often used in casual conversation than informal speech or writing.7
8821561353Slangsocially conversational (non standard)8
8821563739Jargonlanguage used by a particular group or profession9
8821568294Concretespecific10
8821571627Abstractgeneral11
8821574582Literalactual; non exaggerated12
8821576554Figurativerefers to words, and groups of words, that exaggerate or alter the usual meanings of the component words.13
8821579846Euphoniousagreeableness of sound; pleasing effect to the ear, especially a pleasant sounding or harmonious combination or succession of words14
8821582809CacophonousA mix of harsh, displeasing, or clashing sounds. It is commonly used to describe poetry, but can also be found in musical composition. Sometimes it is accidental, and sometimes it is used intentionally for artistic effect.15
8821585185Monosyllabicone syllable only16
8821586884Polysyllabicmultiple syllables17
8821588639AnaphoraA scheme in which the same word or phrase is repeated at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences.18
8821591763AnastropheA scheme in which normal word order is changed for emphasis.19
8821595764AsyndetonOmitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses20
8821597497ChiasmusInversion in the second of two parallel phrases21
8821599743EpiphoraA scheme in which the same word is repeated at the end of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences.22
8821606268ParallelismThe use of identical or equivalent syntactic constructions in corresponding clauses or phrases23
8821613609Polysyndetona literary technique in which conjunctions (e.g. and, but, or) are used repeatedly in quick succession, often with no commas, even when the conjunctions could be removed24
8821615209Logosappeal to logic25
8821616920Ethosappeal to ethics26
8821619473Pathosappeal to emotions27
8821621674Exemplificationthe use of examples to support and clarify a claim28
8821623891cause/effectreason → occurence, main cause + contributory cause → effect. Or immediate cause + remote cause → effect29
8821634032compare/contrastshowing the differences between two topics30
8821637083Process analysisexplaining the process of something in chronological order31
8821639022Narrationtelling a story32
8821641062Descriptionincludes usage of the 5 senses, imagery + figurative language, objective + subjective statements33
8821643152DefinitionBrings a personal definition to a term through multiple modes of explanation34
8821645838classification/divisionAn essay using categories to make a larger point35
8821650904retorical triangleSpeaker /\ / \ /____ \ Purpose Audience36
8821683704Paradoxan assertion seemingly opposed to common sense, but that may yet have some truth in it.37
8821685948OxymoronA trope that connects two contradictory terms.38
8821688612Metonymypart-whole39
8821690565Synecdochetype of metonymy (naming of a concept through association) related object, similar to symbolism40
8821692217Apostrophespeech to an inanimate object41
8821694624Personificationgiving human characteristics to a non-human thing42
8821697740Clicheoverused expression43
8821699811Idiomexpression used by a particular group of people (often metaphorical)44
8821703521Metaphora direct comparison45
8821705833Similea direct comparison using 'like' or 'as'46
8821707894Analogya direct comparison47
8821710996Meiosisan understatement48
8821712838Euphemismunderstatement because you do not want to offend49
8821715651Hyperboleexaggeration, not to be taken literally50
8821717454Juxtapositionwords/phrases placed near each other with a contrasting effect51
8821723135Antithesistwo opposing ideas put together for contrast52
8821728456Litotesunderstatement using a double negative53
8821731606Dramatic Ironyirony that is inherent in speeches or a situation of a drama and is understood by the audience but not grasped by the characters in the play54
8821734524Verbal Ironyin which a person says or writes one thing and means another, or uses words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of the literal meaning55
8821736831Situational Ironyirony involving a situation in which actions have an effect that is opposite from what was intended, so that the outcome is contrary to what was expected56
8821739863Organization-Clear -Focused -Logical -Effective57
8821748416First Person POVThe narrator in involved in personal pronouns such as I, me, my, and mine58
8821751222Innocent Eye POVThe person telling the story may be a child or mentally handicapped adult who is naive or intellectually incapable of understanding what is happening59
8821753577Stream of Consciousness POVThe person telling the story is disorganized in thought. This tool is intended to imitate the character's process. Think of this point of view as a diary entry or phone conversation that is not being edited60
8821755278Questionable/Unreliable Narrator POVThis broad category can cover the innocent eye or a narrator who has such a strong bias or interest in the audience's perception of events that the reader cannot trust him or her61
8821757845Third Person Objective POVThe story is told from a non-participant perspective. The narrator is not involved in the events being described and relay facts without bias62
8821759938Second Person POVThe writer is speaking directly to the audience for the purpose of instruction. Typically, this POV would be used in a speech or letter63
8821764705Third Person Omniscient POVOften called the "God perspective," omniscience is the view from the outside plus the knowledge of the characters' thoughts64
8821767081Third Person Limited Omniscient POVThe story is told by an outsider who can also relay the thoughts of one or more characters but not all65
8821773013Inferencing skills (multiple choice)Well, good luck66
8821769144THE 5 S's1- speaker 2- situation 3- sentences 4- shifts 5- syntax67
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AP Language Exam Prep: TONE Flashcards

The manner in which an author expresses his or her attitude; the intonation of the voice that expresses meaning. Tone is described by adjectives, and the possibilities are nearly endless. Often a single adjective will not be enough, and tone may change or shift from chapter to chapter or stanza to stanza or even line to line. Tone is the result of allusion, diction, figurative language, imagery, irony, motif, symbol, syntax, and style.
Very young children can sense a speaker's attitude in tone. But understanding tone in prose and poetry is an entirely different matter. The reader does not have voice inflection to carry meaning. Thus, a student's appreciation (knowledge) of word choice, details, imagery, and language all contribute to the understanding of tone. To misinterpret tone is to misinterpret meaning.

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9908103141angryfeeling or showing anger and strong resentment0
9908103144aggravatedto be or become irritated or inflamed1
9908103146outragedstrongly offended, insulted, or affronted2
9908103149confusedmystified3
9908103150perplexedbewildered; puzzled4
9908103153irreverentshowing a lack of respect for things or people that should be taken seriously5
9908103159tongue-in-cheekused to refer to humor in which a statement, or an entire fictional work, is not meant to be taken seriously, but its sarcasm is subtle6
9908103162skepticalnot easily convinced; having doubts or reservations7
9908103163wryusing or expressing dry, especially mocking, humor8
9908103169humourouscausing light-hearted laughter and amusement9
9908103173amusedpleasurably entertained, occupied, or diverted10
9908103175ecstaticsubject to or in a state of ecstacy; rapturous11
9908103176elatedvery happy; proud; jubilant12
9908103178contentedsatisfied with what one is or has13
9908103179disappointeddepressed or discouraged by the failure of one's hopes or expectations14
9908103184mournfulfeeling or expressing sorrow or grief; sorrowful; sad15
9908103187bleakwithout hope and encouragement16
9908103189fancifuloverimaginative and unrealistic; whimsical; dreamy; wistful17
9908103198challengingprovocative; intriguing18
9908103199contentiouscausing or likely to cause an argument; controversial19
9908103201shockingextremely startling, distressing, or offensive20
9908103204dramatichighly effective; striking21
9908103210detachednot attached to something and unaffected by emotional involvement; impartial; disinterested; unconcerned; distant; aloof22
9908103212boredtired and impatient23
9908103214indifferenthaving no particular interest or sympathy; unconcerned24
9908103218learnedhaving much knowledge; erudite25
9908103219scholarlyconcerned with academic learning and research26
9908103220didacticintended for instruction; inclined to teach and lecture others too much; teaching or intending to teach a moral lesson27
9908103221moralisticcharacterized by or displaying a concern with morality28
9908103222inspirationalimparting inspiration (stimulation of the mind or emotions to a high level of feeling or activity29
9908103226sympatheticfeeling, showing, or expressing sympathy30
9908103228interestedto be engaged or excited about something31
9908103231seriousneeding or deserving your complete attention32
9908103233apprehensivefeeling worried about something you are going to do; anxious or fearful that something bad or unpleasant will happen33
9908103235threateningexpressing a threat of something unpleasant and violent34
9908103444accusingreproachful; condemning35
9908103445admiringto regard with wonder, pleasure, or approval36
9908103447affectionatehaving or displaying warmth or affection37
9908103450artificialnot genuine; insincere38
9908103457cheerybright and pleasant; sanguine39
9908103459consolingaffording comfort or solace40
9908103463despairinghopeless, despondent, discouraged41
9908103466gratefulfeeling or showing gratitude42
9908103236criticalinclined to find fault or judge with severity43
9908103238infuriateddisplaying anger in a passionate way44
9908103239iratedisplaying anger in a dispassionate way45
9908103241indignantfeeling, characterized by, or expressing strong displeasure at something considered unjust, offensive, or base46
9908103244ambiguousopen to or having several possible meanings or interpretations; doubtful, uncertain from obscurity or indistinctiveness47
9908103248bitingcapable of gripping and affecting or wounding48
9908103250mockingteasing or laughing at in a scornful way49
9908103254sarcasticmarked by or given to using irony in order to mock or convey contempt50
9908103256ironichappening in the opposite way to what is expected, and typically causing wry amusement because of this51
9908103257cynicalbelieving that people are motivated by self-interest; distrustful of human sincerity or integrity; tendency to believe human behavior is selfish and opportunistic; people are motivated by self-interest52
9908103260arroganthaving or revealing an exaggerated sense of one's own importance and abilities; haughty, too convinced of one's own importance53
9908103261pretentiousattempting to impress by affecting greater important, talent, culture, etc., than is actually possessed; exaggerated show of dignity or importance54
9908103262condescendingto talk to someone in a haughty way, as though it is below one's dignity or level of importance; in a patronizing, degrading manner55
9908103263patronizingto treat someone with an apparent kindness that betrays a feeling of superiority56
9908103264deletecommanding and self-confident57
9908103266banteringan exchange of light, playful, teasing remarks; good-natured raillery58
9908103267sillyweak-minded or lacking good sense; stupid or foolish. Also, absurd, irrational, ridiculous.59
9908103270joyfulglad; delighted60
9908103276sadaffected by unhappiness or grief61
9908103278melancholicdisposed to or affected with melancholy; gloomy62
9908103279depressingsad; lower in spirits; dejected; dispirited63
9908103281poignantkeenly distressing to the feelings; evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret64
9908103282sombergloomy, depressing, or dismal65
9908103284whimsicalplayfully quaint and fanciful, especially in an appealing and amusing way66
9908103286wistfulhaving or showing a feeling of vague or regretful longing67
9908103290reflectiverelating to or characterized by deep thought; thoughtful68
9908103291regretfulfeeling or showing regret69
9908103292remorsefulfeeling deep regret or guilt for a wrong committed70
9908103293apologeticregretfully acknowledging or excusing an offense or failure71
9908103296surprisingcausing wonder or astonishment72
9908103298inflammatorytending to excite anger, disorder, or tumult73
9908103299horrifichaving the power to horrify someone74
9908103301passionatecapable of, affected by, or expressing intense feeling75
9908103302impartialhaving no direct involvement or interest and not favoring one person or side over another76
9908103305factualconsisting of the truth or including only things that are actual77
9908103307disinterestedunbiased by personal interest or advantage; not influenced by selfish motives78
9908103309apatheticshowing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm, or concern79
9908103311straightforwarduncomplicated and easy to do or understand80
9908103319respectfulfull of, characterized by, or showing politeness or deference81
9908103320reverentfeeling or showing deep and solemn respect82
9908103321appreciativebeing thankful or grateful for something83
9908103323compassionatefeeling or showing concern for others84
9908103325curiouseager to know and learn something85
9908103326urgentcompelling immediate action; pressing; persistent; importunate; needing attention very soon, especially before anything else, because important86
9908103328ominoussuggesting that something unpleasant is likely to happen87
9908103330forebodinga feeling that something very bad is likely to happen soon88
9908103475admonitoryserving to warn, especially to correct89
9908103477ambivalenthaving mixed or opposing feelings at the same time; Uncertain; unable to decide, or wanting to do two contradictory things at once90
9908103478amiablefriendly, pleasant, likable91
9908103480belligerentgiven to fighting, warlike; combative, aggressive92
9908103481benevolentkindly; favorable towards; charitable93
9908103482bewilderedcompletely confused; puzzled; Perplexed by many conflicting situations or statements94
9908103487condemnatoryexpressing strong disapproval of; judgmental; critical95
9908103491earnestserious in intention or purpose; showing depth and sincerity of feelings; marked by deep sincerity and serious intent96
9908103496gravecausing fear or anxiety by discussion of matters deserving serious attention; weighty; momentous97
9908103498matter-of-factunemotional; straightforward98
9908103499meditativereflective, thoughtful99
9908103500obsequiousattentive in an ingratiating or servile manner; attempting to win favor from influential people from flattery; attentive in an ingratiating or servile manner; attempting to win favor from influential people from flattery100
9908103501pompousoverly self-important in speech and manner; excessively stately or ceremonious101
9908103502Bombastichigh-sounding but with little meaning; inflated102
9908103504Esotericintended for or likely to be understood by only a small number of people with a specialized knowledge or interest103
9908103505Euphemistica mild or pleasant word or phrase that is used instead of one that is unpleasant or offensive104
9908103506Grotesquecomically or repulsively ugly or distorted105
9908103507Idiomaticusing, containing, or denoting expressions that are natural to a native speaker; informal106
9908103509Jargonspecial words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand107
9908103514Sensuousrelating to or affecting the senses rather than the intellect108
9908103518Exuberantlively energy and excitement109
9908103519Jovialcheerful and friendly110
9908103520Jubilantfeeling or expressing great happiness and triumph111
9908103522Agitatedfeeling or appearing troubled or nervous112
9908103523Brashself-assertive in a rude, noisy, or overbearing way; bold113
9908103525Coarserude, crude, or vulgar114
9908103527Disgruntledangry or dissatisfied115
9908103532Quarrelsomeready or likely to argue or disagree116
9908103533Surlybad-tempered and unfriendly117
9908103534Testyeasily irritated; impatient and somewhat bad-tempered118
9908103536Drollhaving an odd and amusing quality119
9908103537Flippantnot showing a serious or respectful attitude120
9908103539Mock-heroicimitating the style of heroic literature in order to satirize an unheroic subject; imitating or burlesquing that which is heroic, as in manner, character, or action121
9908103541Quizzicalindicating mild or amused puzzlement; the author is questioning an odd, amusing or otherwise strange subject122
9908103546Melancholysad and pensive123
9908103550Resignedhaving accepted something unpleasant that one cannot do anything about; accepting one's fate; unresisting; patiently submissive124
9908103551Staidserious, boring, or old-fashioned125
9908103559Forthrightdirect and outspoken; straightforward and honest126
9908103560Frivolouscarefree and not serious127
9908103561Histrionicoverly theatrical or melodramatic128
9908103566Zealousfeeling or showing strong and energetic support for a person, cause; enthusiastic129
9908103568ExactAdmitting of no deviation, strict, rigid130
9908103569GiddyFrivolous and lighthearted131
9908103570MacabDeath as a subject, dwelling on gruesome132
9908103571CausticSeverely critical or sarcastic133
9908103572DisdainfulScornful, feeling of contempt for anything unworthy; showing contempt or a lack of respect134
9908103573ScornfulExpressing contempt135
9908103576InquisitiveCurious, seeking knowledge136
9908103580AbhorrentHateful137
9908103581AcrimoniousStinging, bitter in temper or tone138
9908103582Allusiveworking by suggestion rather than explicit mention139
9908103583Angst-riddenSeriously affected by a feeling of dread or anxiety140
9908103584AntipathyStrong dislike141
9908103586AversiveIrritating or unpleasant142
9908103588Brusque(adj.) abrupt, blunt, with no formalities143
9908103589BurlesqueInvolving ludicrous or mocking treatment of a solemn subject144
9908103596Credulousgullible; ready to believe anything145
9908103598ContriteExtremely apologetic, remorseful, repentant146
9908103601Diffidentlacking self-confidence; timid; reserved in manner147
9908103602DisconsolateHopelessly sad148
9908103603Dismalmiserable, dreary149
9908103607eruditescholarly, learned, bookish, pedantic150
9908103608euphoniouspleasing in sound151
9908103609exhortativeintending to give urgent advice, recommendations, or warnings152
9908103611fatuoussilly, foolish153
9908103612ferventcharacterized by intense emotion; greatly emotional or zealous; having or displaying a passionate intensity154
9908103614funerealsolemn as befitting a funeral155
9908103616grimgloomy, harsh, and frightening156
9908103618hostileunfriendly; unfavorable; warlike, aggressive157
9908103619idylliccharming in a rustic way; naturally peaceful158
9908103621inane(adj.) silly, empty of meaning or value159
9908103622incisivesharp; keen; cutting straight to the heart of the matter160
9908103623incredulous(adj.) disbelieving, skeptical161
9908103625insipidlacking flavor; dull; not at all stimulating162
9908103627irascibleirritable, easily angered, cranky, cross163
9908103629jingoisticoverly patriotic164
9908103633lyricalSonglike; characterized by emotions, subjectivity, and imagination.165
9908103634macabre(adj.) grisly, gruesome; horrible, distressing; having death as a subject166
9908103635maudlinoverly emotional167
9908103636morose(adj.) having a gloomy or sullen manner; not friendly or sociable168
9908103637nostalgicwishing for a return to the way things used to be; longing for the past; homesick169
9908103638narcissisticconceited; having excessive self-love or admiration170
9908103640pedanticmarked by a narrow focus on or display of learning especially its trivial aspects171
9908103641pensiveengaged in, involving, or reflecting deep or serious thought172
9908103642petulant(adj.) peevish, annoyed by trifles, easily irritated and upset173
9908103643pithy(adj.) short but full of meaning and point174
9908103646qualmishadj. slightly ill175
9908103647rancorousshowing deep-seated resentment176
9908103648repugnant(adj.) offensive, disagreeable, distasteful177
9908103649reticentnot revealing one's thoughts or feelings readily178
9908103650ribald(adj.) irreverently mocking; coarse, vulgar, or indecent in language179
9908103651sanguinecheerful; optimistic180
9908103653saturninegloomy; sluggish181
9908103654scathingharshly critical182
9908103655sullen(adj) silent or brooding because of ill humor, anger, or resentment; slow moving, sluggish.183
9908103656servilesubmissive or fawning in attitude or behavior184
9908103657simperingwearing a childish grin185
9908103658tauntingsarcastically challenging or insulting186
9908103659tersebrief and to the point187
9908103660timoroustimid, fearful188
9908103661trepidationfear, apprehension189
9908103662vehementforceful; furious190
9908103663vexedtroubled persistently especially with petty annoyances191
9908103664vitriolicbitter, sarcastic192
9908103665vivaciouslively, sprightly, full of energy193
9908103666vituperativeusing or containing harsh, abusive censure194
9908103667veneratingregard with great respect195
9908103332eulogisticinvolving formal praise in speech or writing, usually for the dead196
9908103334elegiacof, relating to, or involving mourning or expressing sorrow197
9908103335lugubriousmournful, dismal, gloomy, especially to a ludicrous degree198
9908103337piousdisplaying a reverence for God199
9908103338venerativeregarding with reverence200
9908103341laudatorycontaining and expressing praise201
9908103344derisiveridiculing, mocking202
9908103345facetiouslightly amusing; unserious; frivolous, especially at the wrong time203
9908103346farcicalcomedic with high exaggeration204
9908103348ludicrousridiculous; laughable; outlandish; silly205
9908103350sardonicscornfully or cynically mocking; sarcastic206
9908103351satiriccharacterized by poking fun for the purpose of improvement or making point207
9908103359blithejoyous, merry, glad208
9908103360euphoricbeyond earthly happiness209
9908103361jocundcheery, joyful, and happy210
9908103363bemusedpreoccupied; deep in thought211
9908103364expectanthaving expectations212
9908103365antagonistichostile, unfriendly213
9908103369fatalisticin the belief that everything is predetermined and out of our hands214
9908103371starkplain; harsh; bleak or grim215
9908103374picturesquestrikingly expressive or vivid216
9908103375sentimentalcolored by emotion rather than realism217
9908103376convolutedvery complicated or involved218
9908103377abstracttheoretical; without reference to specifics219
9908103379classicalformal; standard; traditional220
9908103380cogentconvincing; reasonable221
9908103381culturedhigh degree or taste222
9908103382epistolaryinvolving letters223
9908103385urbanesophisticated224
9908103391contemptuousscornful, expressing in disgrace; showing contempt; feeling or showing deep hatred or disapproval225
9908103394haughtyproud and vain to the point of arrogance226
9908103395iconoclasticinclined to attack cherished beliefs and emotions227
9908103396imperiousarrogantly domineering; overbearing228
9908103397insolentrude; not showing proper respect; arrogant229
9908103402provocativetending to provoke230
9908103403stridentloud, harsh, and unpleasantly noisy231
9908103404aloofindifferent, disinterested232
9908103405banalpointless and uninteresting233
9908103408restrainedheld back; deprived234
9908103409stolidhaving or revealing little emotion235
9908103410turgidpompous; excessively ornate or complex in style or language236
9908103414tentativein an unsure state of mind237
9908103416obscurenot clearly expressed; ambiguous or vague238
9908103418austerestern; strict; frugal239
9908103421puritanicalstrict or severe in matters of morality240
9908103422candidopen and sincere; straightforward; honest241
9908103423colloquialordinary and informal (usually refers to conversation)242
9908103424homespunsimple and homely243
9908103426lucideasily understood; clear244
9908103427mundaneordinary; common; everyday245
9908103429audaciousfearless; recklessly daring; unrestrained; insolent246
9908103430baroqueelaborate; ornamental247
9908103431cinematichaving the qualities of a motion picture248
9908103433decadentmarked by a decay in morals and values; indulgent249
9908103434discursivemoving pointlessly from one subject to another; rambling250
9908103435evocativehaving the ability to call forth memories or other responses251
9908103436lethargicslow; sluggish252
9908103437pettylesser; minor253
9908103438provinciallimited in perspective; self-centered254
9908103439prurientpreoccupied with lewd and lustful thoughts255
9908103440tritestale; worn out; overused256
9908103670acerbic(uh-SAIR-bick) (adjective) the author sounds bitter, sarcastic, or is offering stinging criticism -"If you had lived 2,000 years ago and sung like that, I think they would have stoned you." - Simon Cowell257
9908103679guileless(GILE-liss) (adjective) the author is trying to be honest or straightforward, though s/he may come off unsophisticated or naïve -"Dresses wouldn't look good on you, dad - they're not you're style" says the 7 year old to his father 1. arglos 2. syn - unsophisticated; genuine ant - clever 3. picture above258
9908103680effusive(adjective) - the author is gushing with praise over the subject; lacking reserve; overflowing; unrestrained and excessive in emotional expression259
9908103681accusatory(uh-KYU-suh-tore-ee) (adjective) - the author is charging (someone or some entity) with wrongdoing260
9908103682conventional(kuhn-VEN-shun-null) (adjective) - the author is noticeably unoriginal, lacking spontaneity and individuality -JK LOL 1. konventionell 2. syn- ordinary; typical ant- abnormal 3. A conventional church wedding has a bride in white.261
9908103687callous(adjective) - the author sounds very unfeeling, as if disinterested in the feelings of others or the reader; emotionally hardened; insensitive; unfeeling262
9908103692scolding(SKOHL-ding) (adjective, in this case) - the author is speaking to an audience that s/he thinks needs a reprimand -You should have known better! 1. Mrs. Daniels 2. Schelte 3. picture263
9908103696abashed(uh-BASHED) (adjective) - the author is somehow ashamed, embarrassed, or apologizing to the readers -I'm extremely sorry for my behavior at the banquet last night, it was inappropriate and uncalled for. 1. beschämt 2. bewildered; bugged ant- clear; oriented 3. picture264
9908103697contemplative(adjective) - the author has thoughtful consideration for his subject; synonym to reflective; studying; thinking; reflecting on an issue265
9908103702disingenuous(dis-in-JEN-yoo-us) (adjective) - the author is hiding his/her true purpose, perhaps hypocritically -You must be so busy if you don't have time to eat dinner with us. 1. Passive 2. unaufrichtig 3. picture266
9908103704choleric(adjective) - the author is irritated or angry about his subject; easily angered267
9908103710conciliatory(adjective) - the author is giving in, trying to appease his audience; showing willingness to reconcile; agreeable; characterized by appeasement268
9908103712paternalistic(adjective) - the author is speaking to his or her reader like a father to his children269
9908103714clinical(adjective) - the author is dispassionately analytical, unemotionally critical of his subject270
9908103715authoritative(adjective) - the author commands respect, is or refers directly to an expert271
9908103717cautionary(adjective) - the author is warning the reader272
9908103718hyperbolic(hy-per-BAHL-ick) (adjective) - the author is exaggerating, overstating his or her point -I'm literally dead 1. Text 2. hyperbolisch 3. picture273
9908103723aggressiveassertive, vigorously active, quick to attack; hostile274
9908103726animatedlively; spirited275
9908103730ardentEnthusiastic or passionate276
9908103732assertiveActing with confidence and force; sure of one's self277
9908103735bitterexhibiting strong animosity as a result of pain or grief278
9908103738celebratorycongratulatory, honoring279
9908103740concernedfeeling or showing worry or solicitude280
9908103746defensiveProtecting oneself from something.281
9908103747defiantBoldly resistant or challenging282
9908103748demeaningcausing someone to lose their dignity and the respect of others; degrading283
9908103751dignifiedworthy of respect284
9908103752dishearteningdiscouraging285
9908103753disparagingdisapproving; belittle286
9908103754docileEasy to teach or manage; obedient287
9908103755dogmaticdictatorial in one's opinions; stubborn288
9908103757egotisticalexcessively self-centered; conceited289
9908103758empatheticidentification with and understanding of another's situation, feelings, and motives290
9908103759enthusiasticzealous291
9908103760evasivenot frank; trying to hide the truth; eluding; evading; V. evade: avoid (a duty or responsibility) or escape from by deceit292
9908103763forcefulVehement; compelling293
9908103764formalfollowing rules or customs, often in an exact and proper way294
9908103765frankhonest295
9908103767humblemodest296
9908103771incensedangered at something unjust or wrong297
9908103774intimatemarked by close acquaintance298
9908103777jadedWorn out; wearied299
9908103778judgmentalcritical; disapproving300
9908103781maliciousIntended to hurt or harm301
9908103783mourningthe act of showing sorrow or grief302
9908103784naivelacking sophistication or experience303
9908103787objectiveFactual, related to reality or physical objects; not influenced by emotions, unbiased304
9908103789optimisticHopeful, cheerful305
9908103791outspokencandid306
9908103794pessimistica tendency to stress the negative or unfavorable.307
9908103795philosophicalcalm and wise; reasonable Interested in the study of basic truths of existence and reality308
9908103796pragmaticPractical309
9908103798resentfulangry due to a feeling of being treated unfairly310
9908103801righteousmorally justified311
9908103802satiricalcriticizing through ridicule312
9908103807sincereearnest313
9908103809solemnserious314
9908103810subjectiveExisting in the mind or relating to one's own thoughts, opinions, emotions, etc.; personal, individual, based on feelings315
9908103811submissivedocile; meek316
9908103812sulkingsad, pouting, usually silent317
9908103814thoughtfulpensive; reflective318
9908103815tolerentopen-minded, accepting of others319
9908103816unassumingmodest320
9908103818vindictiveRevengeful321
9908103819wittyClever or amusing322
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AP Language Chapter 2 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
7496757755AlliterationRepetition of the sound beginning several words or syllables in sequence.0
7496767850AlliterationLet us go forth to lead the land we love...1
7496781602AllusionBrief reference to a person, event, or place (real or fictitious) or to a work of art.2
7496791021AllusionLet both sides unite to heed in all corners of the earth the command of Isaiah.3
7496829878AnaphoraRepetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines.4
7496843391Anaphora... not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need-not as a call to battle, though embattled we are...5
7496860819AntithesisOpposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction.6
7496873266AntithesisWe shall... support any friend, oppose any foe...7
7496880014Archaic dictionOld-fashioned or outdated choice of words.8
7496891364Archaic dictionBeliefs for which our forebears fought.9
7496909531Cumulative sentenceSentence that completes the main ideas at the beginning of the sentence and the builds and adds on.10
7496924149Cumulative sentenceBut neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present course- both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war.11
7496957842InversionInverted order of words in a sentence (variation of the subject-verb-object order).12
7496973818InversionUnited there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do...13
7496980896JuxtapositionPlacement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences.14
7496994889JuxtapositionWe are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth... that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans- born in this century...15
7497048475MetaphorFigure of speech that compares two things without using like or as.16
7497052820MetaphorAnd if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion.17
7497062144OxymoronParadoxical juxtaposition of words that seem to contradict one another.18
7497069205OxymoronBut this Peaceful revolution...19
7497073631ParallelismSimilarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses.20
7497085758ParallelismLet both sides explore... let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals... let both sides seek to invoke... let both sides unite to heed...21
7497108309Periodic SentenceSentence whose main clause is withheld until the end.22
7497111141Periodic sentenceTo that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support...23
7497133374PersonificationAttribution of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object or an idea.24
7497142391PersonificationWith history the final judge of our deeds.25
7497146542Rhetorical questionFigure of speech in the form of a question posed for rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer.26
7497157072Rhetorical questionWill you join in that historic effort?27
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Chapter 1 AP Language Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
7285187299AudienceListener, viewer, or reader of a text.0
7285187300ConcessionAcknowledgment that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable.1
7285187301ConnotationMeaning or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictonary definition2
7285187302ContextCircumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and evenets surrounding a text.3
7285187303CounterargumentAn opposing argument to the one a writer us putting forward4
7285187304EthosGreek for "character" speakers appeal to ethos to demonstrate that they are credible and trustwortht to speak on a given topic5
7285187305LogosGreek for "embodied thought". Speakers appeal to logos, or reason, bh offering clear, rational ideas and using specific details, examples, facts, statistics, oe expert testimony to back them up.6
7285187306OccasionThe time and place a speech is given or a piece is written7
7285187307PathosGreek for "suffering" or "experience". Speakers appeal to pathos ro emotionally motivate their audience.8
7285187308PersonaGreek for "mask". The face or charscter that a speaker shows to his audience.9
7285187309PolemicGreek for "hostile". An agressive argument that tries to establish that superiority of ones opninokn over all the others.10
7285187310PropagandaThe spead if ideas and info. to further a cause. In its negative sense, propaganda is the use of rumors, lies, disinformation, and scare tactics in order to damage or promite a cause11
7285187311PurposeThe goal the speaker wants to achive12
7285187312RefutationA denial of the validity of an opposing argument.13
7285187313RhetoricAs aristotle defined the term, "the faculty of observing in any given case the availabke means of persuasion" in kther words, it is the art of finding ways to persuade an audience.14
7285187314Rhetorical appealsRhetorical techniques used to persuade an audience by cmphasizing what they find most important or compelling15
7285187315Rhetoric TriangleA diagram that illistrates the unterrelationship among the speaker, audience, ans subject in determining a text.16
7285187316SOAPSA mnemonic device that stands for subject, occasion, audience l, purpose, and speaker.17
7285187317SpeakerA person or group who creates a text18
7285187318SubjectThe topic of a text19
7285187319TextWritten word, in the humanitites jt has coem to mean any cultural product that can be "read"20
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