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AP WORLD HISTORY MESOAMERICA Flashcards

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5964406192IncasA Native American people who built a notable civilization in western South America in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The center of their empire was in present-day Peru. Francisco Pizarro of Spain conquered the empire.0
5964408735Mayans1500 B.C. to 900 A.D. This is the most advanced civilization of the time in the Western Hempishere. Famous for its awe-inspiring temples, pyramids and cities. A complex social and political order.1
5964408737AztecsAlso known as Mexica, they created a powerful empire in central Mexico (1325-1521 C.E.). They forced defeated peoples to provide goods and labor as a tax.2
5964410963Chavinthe first major South American civilization, which flourished in the highlands of what is now Peru from about 900 to 200 B.C.3
5964413935Teotihuacanfirst major metropolis in Mesoamerica, collapsed around 800 CE. It is most remembered for the gigantic "pyramid of the sun".4
5964415897architecturestep pyramids, terracing, temples, shrines, pottery5
5964418928animismBelief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life.6
5964430715Mochecivilization of north coast of Peru (200-700 C.E.). An important Andean civilization that built extensive irrigation networks as well as impressive urban centers dominated by brick temples.7
5964430716ChimuPowerful Peruvian civilization based on conquest. Located in the region earlier dominated by Moche. Conquered by Inca in 1465. (p. 314)8
5964436478Andesa mountain chain of western South America9
5964440663Cahokiaan ancient settlement of southern Indians, located near present day St. Louis, it served as a trading center for 40,000 at its peak in A.D. 1200.10
5964446733achievementsastronomy, calendar11
5964452018ritualsbloodletting, human sacrifice, agricultural sacrifice12
5964458661domesticationalpacas, llamas, squash/gourds, maize, beans, peppers, potatoes,13
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AP World History Vocab Unit 1 Flashcards

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7200609050Patriarchal/Matriarchal SocietyA social system in which one specific gender holds primary power, such as the Amazon warrior women.0
7200614015Specialization of LaborWhen a group of workers all work on one specific thing to have things built quicker and better, such as the Ford assembly line.1
7200615584UrbanizationMaking an area more urban2
7200616744Centralization of PowerOne main power controls all the smaller powers, which control smaller powers, all the way to the people. This way one group can effectively control many.3
7200621474PolytheismBelief in multiple gods, like the Greeks, the Romans, and the Norse.4
7200622800MonotheismBelief in a single god, such as God, Yahweh, or Allah.5
7200623775TorahThe holy text of Judaism.6
7200624856Vedas and UpanishadsHoly texts of the Hindu people.7
7200627482ZoroastrianismThe religion of the Persians. The Z in RITZ.8
7200629606ZigguratThe worship temples of the Mesopotamian people.9
7200631481PyramidsWhere the ancient Egyptian pharaohs were entombed.10
7200632657PaleolithicThe early stone age, when stone tools were used. No agriculture and no metals.11
7200635121NeolithicThe new stone age. Agriculture became a thing, as did pottery.12
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AP World History Explorers Flashcards

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5967673636Leif Erikson-999 -sailed for Norway -first European to set foot on North America (Vinland)0
5967673637Marco Polo-1271-1294 -sailed for Italy -journey on silk road, traded and collected jewels, travels were written down1
5967673638Bartolomeu Dias-1487 -sailed for Portugal -sailed down to Cape of Good Hope "cape of bad storms" and accidentally discovered Cape of Good Hope because of storm2
5967673639Christopher Colombus-1492-1493 -4 voyages -sailed for spain -established first permanent settlement in NA3
5967673640Amerigo Vespucci-1497, 1499, 1501, 1503, 1507 -sailed for Spain/Portugal -found Venezuela, explored Brazil, discovered Rio De Janeiro, America was named after him4
5967673641John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto)-1497 -sailed for England -claimed land in Canada (thought it was Asia), second voyage failed he went MIA, he got glory from King because claiming land helped England rise to power5
5967673642Vasco Da Gama-1498 -sailed for Portugal -first person to make it to India by going around the tip of Africa6
5967673643Vasco De Balboa-1510, 1514 -sailed for Spain -known for establishing establishments in SA -crossed Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean7
5967673644Juan Ponce De Leon-1493-1521 -sailed for Spain -explored FL, then traveled to new world -1506 discovered Puerto Rico8
5967673645Ferdinand Magellan-1519-1522 -sailed for Spain -led the first circumnavigation of the earth -his crew was eaten by cannibalistic tribes9
5967673646Hernando Cortes-1504, 1519-1521 -Sailed for spain -conquered Aztecs in 1521 and claimed significant portions of Mexico for the Spanish empire10
5967673647Giovanni De Verrazzano-1524, 1528 -sailed for France -found the Bay of NY -crew was eaten by cannibalistic tribes11
5967673648Francisco Pizzarro-1513-1514, 1532 -sailed for Spain -conquered Incans, mayor of Panama -founded Lima, Peru -made lots of $ off of Silver12
5967673649Jasques Cartier-1534 -sailed for France -founded Newfoundland13
5967673650Hernando De Soto-1539-1541 -sailed for Spain -explored much of South East FL, discovers mouth of Mississippi River, got lost and may have come to Pcola14
5967673651Francisco Vasquez De Coronado-1540-1542 -sailed for Spain -first Spaniard to explore north region of Mexico , discovered Grand Canyon15
5967673652Tristan De Luna y Arellano-1559 -sailed for Spain -credited to have America's first settlement- purpose was to establish port16
5967673653Sir Francis Drake-1578 -sailed for England -circumnavigated globe (landed in California) and defeated Spanish army17
5967673654Samuel De Champlain-1603-1615 -sailed for France -established government in Quebec, mapped Great Lakes, founder of New France, established fur trade18
5967673655Zheng He-1405-1433 -sailed for China -only Chinese explorer, went to SE Asia & African coast to establish Chinese presence19
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AP world history WW2, Cold War Flashcards

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6374485808Blitzkrieg"Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland in 19390
6374489262Winston Churchhill(1874-1965) Prime Minister of Great Britain during World War II. His involvement in World War I was a prime lord of the British admiralty. He led an attack on the Turks which failed miserably at Constantinople with over 150,000 casualties.1
6374495629Battle of BritainAn aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe (air force), which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance.2
6374499175Tripartite PactPact between Japan, Germany, and Italy signed in September 1940, by which each pledged to declare war on any nation that attacked any of them3
6374502276Attack on Pearl HarborBombing of Pearl Harbor in Hawaii by Japan on December 7, 1941. The Japanese were hoping to cripple the American fleet, which had been enforcing Embargo, which denied Japan the raw materials it needed to increase their power and this attack failed leading to Japan's defeat.4
6374507568D-Day(FDR) , June 6, 1944, 160,000 Allied troops landed along a 50-mile stretch of heavily-fortified French coastline to fight Nazi Germany on the beaches of Normandy, France. General Dwight D. Eisenhower called the operation a crusade in which "we will accept nothing less than full victory." More than 5,000 Ships and 13,000 aircraft supported the D-Day invasion, and by day's end on June 6, the Allies gained a foot- hold in Normandy.5
6374514971Battle of StalingradUnsuccessful German attack on the city of Stalingrad during World War II from 1942 to 1943, that was the furthest extent of German advance into the Soviet Union.6
6374523121Bombings of Hiroshima & NagasakiTwo atomic bombs were dropped on these cities on August 6, 1945 (Little Boy/Hiroshima), and August 9th, 1945 (Fat Man/Nagasaki), ended the war against Japan. They killed over 120,000 instantly. This was used by Truman because he wanted a quick way to end the war.7
6374528322HolocaustA methodical plan done by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled, and gypsies. Antisemitism was present prior to holocaust - the holocaust was the most severe form of antisemitism8
6374532703Marshall planA plan that the US came up with to revive war-torn economies of Europe. This plan offered $13 billion in aid to western and Southern Europe.9
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AP World History Chapter 1 Vocab Flashcards

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4830190498Paeleolithic PeriodA period in prehistory which lasted from 2.5 million years ago until 8000 B.C.E. and is also called the Stone Age, because stone tools and weapons were widely used for the hunter-forager societies, who had animistic beliefs and first discovered fire.0
4830191583Specialization of LaborThe process in the Neolithic Revolution which happened after cities grew and they had a surplus of food, when people began to work in areas other than basic survival and food-gathering.1
7105172825ArtisansPeople who made objects people needed, such as woven clothe or pottery.2
7105175750ClanA very extended family made of many kinship groups.3
7105237697TextilesItems made of cloth.4
7105243831Neolithic RevolutionThe switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle, which allowed for specialization of labor, complex governments, technological advances and new religions.5
7105259284Hunter-foragerPeople who hunted animals and foraged for fruit, edible roots, seeds and nuts around them.6
7105261507MerchantsPeople who were in the practice of buying, selling and trading goods.7
7105262840TribeMultiple clans (very extended families) united together.8
7105264096JerichoOne of mankind's first cities, built on the west bank of the Jordan River.9
7105288276MonotheismThe belief in only one deity.10
7105290579Nomadic pastoralismMoving animals from pasture to pasture to raise them for their milk and/or meat or other animal products.11
7105294069Social stratificationA caste system with classes of society, like that exemplified in Hindu beliefs where Brahmin is the highest Varna/class or Neolithic societies, where the merchants were high on the social ladder.12
7105299650ArtifactsObjects of historical significance which can tell us a lot about their time periods.13
7105301216Catal HuyukOne of the first human cities, located in modern-day Turkey near a river that is now dried up.14
7105304450Bronze AgeThe beginning of the use of a strong combination of copper and tin for many uses, which began between 3300 and 2300 B.C.E.15
7105313619PatriarchalA society where men dominated.16
7105314418Kinship groupa partially extended family of 20-40 people.17
7105316796Homo sapiens sapiensThe scientific name for humans.18
7105317429OverfarmingWhen land is repeatedly farmed so that the soil nutrients are depleted.19
7105318691OvergrazingWhen animals eat too much of the plant cover in one area and erosion and desertification follow.20
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AP World History Flashcards

Matches major events/civilizations with the corresponding Time Periods.

(TP) 1 -8000 BCE to 600 BCE
2 -600 BCE to 600 CE
3 -600 CE to 1450 CE
4 -1450 CE to 1750 CE
5 -1750 CE to 1900CE
6 -1900 CE to present

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9772172271Maya/Andean CiviliazationsClassical (600 BCE to 600 CE)0
9772172272Germanic MigrationsClassical (600 BCE to 600 CE)1
97721722735 major belief systemsClassical (600 BCE to 600 CE)2
9772172274Middle Ages~ 500 to 1450 CE Post Classical (600 CE to 1450 CE)3
9772172275Aztec/Inca (beginning)Post Classical (600 CE to 1450 CE)4
9772172276Delhi SultanatePost Classical (600 CE to 1450 CE)5
9772172277Qinglast Chinese dynasty Modern (1750-1900 CE)6
9772172278American and French RevolutionsAmerican Revolution 1775-1783 French Revolution 1789 Modern (1750-1900 CE)7
9772172279Age of Exploration and colonizationBegan in 15th century Early Modern (1450-1750 CE)8
9772172280Russian and Chinese RevolutionsRussian Revolution 1917 Chinese Revolution 1949 Contemporary (1900 to present)9
9772172281Cold WarAfter WWII (1945) to 1991 (collapse of Soviet Union) Contemporary (1900 to present)10
9772172282Islam~ 622 CE Post Classical (600 CE to 1450 CE)11
9772172283DecolonizationContemporary (1900 to present)12
9772172284Partition of India and PalestineContemporary (1900 to present)13
9772172285Extensive GlobalizationContemporary (1900 to present)14
9772172286Native American MigrationsFoundations (to 600 BCE)15
9772172287Indo-European MigrationsFoundations (to 600 BCE)16
9772172288Bantu MigrationsFoundations (to 600 BCE)17
9772172289Oceanic MigrationsFoundations (to 600 BCE)18
9772172290Global Wars (WWI WWII)Contemporary (1900 to present)19
9772172291Tang/Song/YuanPost Classical (600 CE to 1450 CE)20
9772172292West African Trading KingdomsPost Classical (600 CE to 1450 CE)21
9772172293Neolithic RevolutionFoundations (to 600 BCE)22
9772172294River Valley CivilizationsFoundations (to 600 BCE)23
9772172295Latin American Revolutions (begin)Modern (1750-1900 CE)24
9772172296Industrial Revolution~ 1760 to 1840. Modern (1750-1900 CE)25
9772172297Renaissance14th to 17th centuries CE Early Modern (1450-1750 CE)26
9772172298Age of Imperialismmostly 19th century Modern (1750-1900 CE)27
9772172299Age of NationalismModern (1750-1900 CE)28
9772172300Byzantine Empire330-1450 CE Post Classical (600 CE to 1450 CE)29
9772172301Mongols/VikingsPost Classical (600 CE to 1450 CE)30
9772172302Hebrew and Vedic ReligionsFoundations (to 600 BCE)31
9772172303Olmec/ ChavinFoundations (to 600 BCE)32
9772172304Scientific Revolution1550-1700 CE Early Modern (1450-1750 CE)33
9772172305Columbian ExchangeAfter 1492 Early Modern (1450-1750 CE)34
9772172306Ottomans and MughalsEarly Modern (1450-1750 CE)35
9772172307Ming14th to 17th century Early Modern (1450-1750 CE)36
9772172308Enlightenment17th and 18th centuries Early Modern (1450-1750 CE)37
9772172309End of Roman Empire(476 CE) Foundations (to 600 BCE)38
9772172310ReformationLuther's Theses - 1517 Early Modern (1450-1750 CE)39
9772172311Foundation: Period 1Technological and Environmental Transformation-- Circa 8000 BCE- 600 BCE40
9772172312Classical: Period 2Organisation and Reorganization of Human Society - 600 BCE -- 600 CE41
9772172313Post-classical: Period 3Regional and Trans regional Interactions -- 600-145042
9772172314Early modern: Period 4Global Interactions-- 1450-175043
9772172315The long Nineteenth Century: Period 5Industrialization and Global Integration- 1750 - 190044
9772172316The twentieth Century: Period 6Accelerating Global change realignment-- 1900-present45
9772172317stone ageThe earliest known period of human culture, characterized by the use of stone implements46
9772172318paleolithicsecond part of the Stone Age beginning about 750,00 to 500,000 years BC and lasting until the end of the last ice age about 8,500 years BC47
9772172319hunting and gatheringused before agriculture; normally typical of tribal organization.48
9772172320Neolithic8000-5000 B.C.E. Adaptation of sedentary agriculture and domestication of plants and animals.49
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AP World History Period 1 & 2 Flashcards

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7764482407Qin Persia Maurya Gupta Han RomeClassical Empires0
7764493521Ancestor Venerationworshipping dead ancestors whose spirits are believed to have the power to help in the affairs of the living.1
7764511410Neolithic revolution- farming created new socio economic system. - RIVERS - agriculture, irrigation, population increase, specialization, trade, transportation, stratification2
7764539611first permanent agricultural villagesmesopotamia nile yellow river papa new guinea ande3
7764547497paleolithic- homo sapiens were mobile and outsmarted other animals, originated/left Africa, equality4
7764574526SILK ROAD5
7764580069INDIAN OCEAN ROUTE6
7764583177EURASIAN ROUTE7
7764590021MEDITERRANEAN SEA ROUTE8
7764592095TRANS SAHARAN ROUTE9
7764615081civilizationslarge powerful states resource surplus allowed specialization long distance trade relationships war with increase of wealth culture: art, hierarchy, record keeping/lit, legal code, religion politics: leaders, resource competition, pastoral innovation10
7764705693animismearth has a soul and feelings11
7764743842bodhisattvaperson who reached nirvana but stayed on earth to help others12
7764792951Diasporapeople scattered, not in homeland but may have strong ties to it13
7764807167rajaMonarch or princely ruler in South and Southeast Asia14
7764909307buddhism- INDIA - no social classes - eightfold path - Ashoka furthered - reincarnation - embrace 4 noble truths = liberation15
7764939824hinduism- caste system - salvation for those who complete caste tasks - focus on doing good, not the reward - moksha (release from reincarnation cycle) - brahman (ultimate truth)16
7765150730shamanismperson with access to world of spirits correct problems in natural world17
7765219610romeroman empire18
7765221645persiasouthwest asia persian empire19
7765223176indiamauryan gupta south asia20
7765350571china tradesilk cinnamon paper buddhism bubonic plague21
7765360020india tradecotton textiles coral ivory buddhism smallpox22
7765364218rome tradeolive oil glassware bronze weapons christianity bubonic plague23
7765372263greece tradejewelry olive oil wine christianity bubonic plague24
7765377534persia tradeturquoise gold mirrors zoroastrianism measles25
7778719668jesusfounder of christianity 4 bce - 33ce26
7778724227lao tzufounder of daosim 6044 bce - ??? bce27
7778726808cyrusfounder of persia 600 bce - 530 bce28
7778733538siddhartafounder of buddhism 563 bce - 483 bce29
7778736707confuciusfounder of confucianism 551 bce - 479 bce30
7778740954platoathenian philosopher 428 bce - 348 bce31
7778748611alexander the greatmacedonian conqueror 356 bce - 323 bce32
7778751242ashokamauryan buddhist emperor 304 bce - 232 bce33
7778758515qin shi huangdifounder of china 259 bce - 210 bce34
7778762706augustusfirst roman emperor 63 bce - 14 ce35
7778765775paul of tarsuschristian apostle 5 ce - 67 ce36
7778768725constantineroman emperor who converted to christianity 272 ce - 337 ce37
7778834349confucianismfilial piety (xiao) rulers must have inner virtue Analects (book) ren (kindness/loyalty), li (behave)38
7778837500daoismhuman behavior to be tailored to passive nature go with the flow wuwei39
7778973866wuweinon action but laws are still needed40
7779001948spread of classical religions41
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ap world history guided reading chapter 13 Flashcards

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7535645127What enabled Europeans to carve out huge empires an ocean away from their homelands?1.Europeans were much closer to the Americas than were their potential Asian competitors. 2.Europeans were powerfully motivated after 1200 to gain access to the world of Eurasian commerce. 3.Groups within European society, including competing monarchs, merchants, impoverished nobles and commoners, Christian missionaries, and persecuted minorities all had strong, if different, motivations for participating in empire building. 4. European states and trading companies enabled the effective mobilization of both human and material resources. 5. Disease in the Americas0
7535645128What large-scale transformations did European empires generate?1.European empire building caused the demographic collapse of Native American societies. 2.Combinations of indigenous, European, and African peoples created entirely new societies in the Americas. 3.Large-scale exchanges of plants and animals transformed the crops and animals raised both in the Americas and in the Eastern Hemisphere. 4.The silver mines of Mexico and Peru fueled both transatlantic and transpacific commerce. 5.The need for plantation workers and the sugar and cotton trade created a lasting link among Africa, Europe, and the Americas, while scattering peoples of African origins throughout the Western Hemisphere.1
7535645129How did the plantation societies of Brazil and the Caribbean differ from those of southern colonies in British North America?1.In North America, there was less racial mixing and less willingness to recognize the offspring of such unions and accord them a place in society. 2.Slavery in North America was different, being perhaps less harsh there than in the sugar colonies. 3.By 1750, slaves in the United States had become self-reproducing, and a century later almost all North American slaves had been born in the New World. That was never the case in Brazil and the Caribbean. 4.Many more slaves were voluntarily set free by their owners in Brazil than was ever the case in North America, 5.In North America, any African ancestry, no matter how small or distant, made a person "black"; not in Brazil, Moreover, color was only one criterion of class status in Brazil, and the perception of color changed with the educational or economic standing of individuals.2
7535645130What distinguished the British settler colonies of North America from their counterparts in Latin America?1.Many of the British settlers sought to escape aspects of an old European society rather than to recreate it. 2.The British colonies were almost pure settler colonies, without the racial mixing that was so prominent in Spanish and Portuguese territories. 3.A largely Protestant England was far less interested in spreading Christianity among the remaining native peoples 4.British colonies developed greater mass literacy and traditions of local self-government and vigorously contested the prerogatives of royal governors sent to administer their affairs.3
7535645131What motivated Russian empire building?1.Fear of the Mongols drove the Russians to conqure the vast siberian plain. 2.Russian expansion into Siberia was driven by demand on the world market for the pelts of fur-bearing animals, although later some agricultural settlement took place. The motivations of defending Russian frontiers, enhancing the power of the Russian state, 3.The Russians were also movitvated by bringing Christianity and attempted conversion of the native Siberians4
7535645132How did the Russian Empire transform the life of its conquered people and of the Russian homeland itself?1.In terms of its conquered people, conquest meant the taking of an oath of loyalty to the Russian ruler; the payment of tribute 2.Devastating epidemics 3. Intermittent pressure to convert to Christianity; 4. The loss of hunting grounds and pasturelands to Russian agricultural settlers, which disrupted the local economy and left local populations dependent on Russian markets. 5.The Empire made Russia a highly militarized state and reinforced the highly autocratic character of the Russian state.5
7535645133What were the major features of Chinese empire building in the early modern era?1.Chinese empire building vastly enlarged the territorial size of China and brought a number of non-Chinese people into the kingdom. 2.It was driven largely by security concerns. Conquered regions in central Eurasia were administered separately from the rest of China. 3.Chinese officials generally did not seek to assimilate local people into Chinese culture and showed considerable respect for the Mongolian, Tibetan, and Muslim cultures of the region.6
7535645134In what ways was the Ottoman Empire important for Europe in the early modern era?1.The Ottoman Empire represented a military threat to Europe. 2.It impressed some European intellectuals because of its religious tolerance. 3.It occasionally allied with France against their common enemy of Habsburg Austria. 4.The empire was an important trading partner as they controled access to Eastern goods7
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