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AP World History: Ch. 8 Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and Southeast Asia, Pt. 2 Flashcards

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4889832486HinduismOpen, tolerant, and inclusive of widely varying forms of religious devotion.0
4889845438IslamDoctrinaire, proselytizing, and committed to the exclusive worship of a single, transcendent god.1
4889896366Muhammad ibn QasimArab general who conquered Sind in India and declared the region and the Indus valley to be part of the Umayyad Empire (c. 661-750)2
4889931452Arabic NumeralsNumerals that Hindu scholars had used for centuries, but because they were passed on to European through Arab contacts, thus called Arabic.3
4889974172rajaA Hindu King4
4889977091Mahmud of GhazniThird ruler of the Turkish slave dynasty in Afghanistan who led invasions of northern India, whose actions gave Muslims a reputation for being intolerant and aggressive. (c. 971-1030)5
4890037819Muhammad of GhurMilitary commander of Persian descent who ruled a small mountain kingdom in Afghanistan, then began a process of conquest to establish Muslim political control of northern India (c. 1173-1206)6
4890062650Qutb-ud-din-AibakLieutenant of Muhammad of Ghur who established a kingdom in India with a capital at Delphi, and proclaimed himself Sultan of India.7
4890085195Sultans of DelhiRulers of mixed descent who claimed themselves "princes of the heartland."8
4890109071BengalMuslim community that developed in India to the east.9
4890224262Sati10
4890248022Bhaktic CultsHindu groups dedicated to gods and goddesses that stressed the importance of strong emotional bonds between devotees and the god or goddess--they most widely worshipped Shiva and Vishnu.11
4890342412Mira BaiCelebrated Hindu writer of religious poetry, who reflected openness of bhaktic cults to women.12
4890391572KabirMuslim mystic who played down the importance of ritual differences between Hinduism and Islam.13
4890411718Chaitanya15th century Hindu holy man who wrote songs focused on love for Hindu deities, and set out to convince Indian Muslims to renounce Islam in favor of Hinduism.14
4890466561ShrivijayaTrading empire centered on Malacca Straits between Malaya and Sumatra.15
4890524705SufisLargely responsible for a large number of peaceful, voluntary conversions to Islam.16
4890533049MalaccaFortified Portuguese trading town located on the tip of the Malayan peninsula.17
4890551242DemakMost powerful of the trading states on the north coast of Java, which converted to Islam and served as a point of dissemination.18
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AP World History Masterlist Flashcards

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7163281880Abbasid CaliphateDescendants of the Prophet Muhammad's uncle, al-Abbas, the Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate and ruled an Islamic empire from their capital in Baghdad (founded 762) from 750 to 1258.0
7163283635abolitionistsMen and women who agitated for a complete end to slavery. Abolitionist pressure ended the British transatlantic slave trade in 1808 and slavery in British colonies in 1834. In the United States the activities of abolitionists were one factor leading to the Civil War (1861- 1865).1
7163284823acculturationThe adoption of the language, customs, values, and behaviors of host nations by immigrants.2
7163285632Acheh SultanateMuslim kingdom in northern Sumatra. Main center of Islamic expansion in Southeast Asia in the early seventeenth century, it declined after the Dutch seized Malacca from Portugal in 1641.3
7163287793AdenPort city in the modern south Arabian country of Yemen. It has been a major trading center in the Indian Ocean since ancient times.4
7163288720African National CongressAn organization dedicated to obtaining equal voting and civil rights for black inhabitants of South Africa. Founded in 1912 as the South African Native National Congress, it changed its name in 1923. Though it was banned and its leaders were jailed for many years, it eventually helped bring majority rule to South Africa.5
7163289708AfrikanersSouth Africans descended from Dutch and French settlers of the seventeenth century. Their Great Trek founded new settler colonies in the nineteenth century. Though a minority among South Africans, they held political power after 1910, imposing a system of racial segregation called apartheid after 1949.6
7163291038Agricultural Revolution(s) (ancient)The change from food gathering to food production that occurred between ca. 8000 and 2000 B.C.E. Also known as the Neolithic Revolution.7
7163292118agricultural revolution (eighteenth century)The transformation of farming that resulted in the eighteenth century from the spread of new crops, improvements in cultivation techniques and livestock breeding, and the consolidation of small holdings into large farms from which tenants and sharecroppers were forcibly expelled.8
7163296881Aguinaldo, Emilio (1869-1964)Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901.9
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AP World History - Unit 3 - Key Locations Flashcards

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8267859485Umayyad CaliphateIslamic Caliphate - Middle East, SW Asia, capital was Damascus First hereditary dynasty of Muslim caliphs0
8267885292Abbasid CaliphateIslamic Caliphate - Middle East, SW Asia, capital was Baghdad descendants of Muhammad's uncle, al-Abbas; overthrew Umayyad Caliphate1
8267912210Tang DynastyEast Asia, Golden Age of Chinese Civilization Ruling dynasty of China from 618 to 907; noted for its openness to foreign cultural influences.2
8267939444Song DynastyEast Asia - Great period of technological advancements the imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279; noted for art and literature and philosophy3
8267974026Srivijaya KingdomSoutheast Asia - modern day Indonesia4
8268258278Chinggis Kahn(Temujin) United the Mongols, grew into largest land based empire in history, began in Central Asia5
8268317011MuhammadOne true prophet of the Islam Founder of Islam, considered the greatest prophet in Islam, originated in Arabia, Middle East, SW Asia born in Mecca, holiest city of Islam6
8268625655Spain falls to IslamUmayyad Caliphate expands to the Iberian peninsula (parts of Spain)7
8268642962The CrusadesChristian holy wars called by the Papacy seeking to retake the Holy Land from Islam8
8268672026Ottoman victory over ConstantinopleOttoman Turks (Muslims) defeat and end the Byzantine Empire (Christians)9
8268683297Icon ControversyConflict over whether or not to worships icons (RCC say ok, OCC say no)10
8268733132Conversion of Kievan RusPrince Vladimir chooses Eastern Orthodox Church as the faith to unite Kiev11
8268700730Charlemagne crowned Holy Roman EmperorWestern Europe 800 CE12
8268747667Great Schismthe official split between the Roman Catholic and Byzantine churches that occurred in 105413
8268771885Spanish ReconquestChristians drive the final Moors (Spanish Muslims) out of Spain (last Moorish stronghold was Granada)14
8268789371Trans-Saharan TradeTrading network linking North Africa (Med Sea) with sub-saharan across the Saharan. GOLD for SALT in WEST African Kingdoms along the NIGER River. Ghana, Mali and Songhai.15
8268809011Indian Ocean Basinconnected East Africa, Middle East, South Asia, and Southeast Asia with China and Japan16
8268822378Black DeathA deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 135217
8268837745Incan RoadThe Inca road system was the most extensive and advanced transportation system in pre-Columbian South America.18
8268890218Silk Roadan ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean (4,000 miles)19
8268914602West African EmpiresKingdom of Ghana, Kingdom of Mali20
8268960331KoreaParticipated in Chinese Tribute System21
8268971916VietnamParticipated in Chinese Tribute System22
8268981500Japanable to stay completely independent of China23
8268995613AnatoliaModern day Turkey a peninsula in southwestern Asia that forms the Asian part of Turkey24
8269010844Medinathe second holiest city of Islam; where Muhammad lived after fleeing Mecca25
8269042062Northern India20-25% of people convert to Islam26
8269058780Khanate of the Golden Hordethe Mongol empire, that, after the fall of Kiev, ruled all of southern Russia for 200 years27
11362607619MeroeCapital of a flourishing kingdom in southern Nubia from the fourth century B.C.E. to the fourth century C.E.. In this period Nubian culture shows more independence from Egypt and the influence of Sub-Saharan Africa.28
11362610268AxumThe Christian state in Africa that developed its own branch of Christianity, Coptic Christianity, because it was cut off from other Christians due to a large Muslim presence in Africa.29
11362618228Jenne-jenoOne of the first urbanized centers in western Africa. A walled community home to approximately 50,000 people at its height. Evidence suggests domestication of agriculture and trade with nearby regions.30
11362622045MayaThey settled in the Yucatan Peninsula, not far from the Olmecs. A very cultural and intellectual people who used astronomy to create and very accurate calendar.31
11362626414Teotihuacanfirst major metropolis in Mesoamerica, collapsed around 800 CE. It is most remembered for the gigantic "pyramid of the sun".32
11362645492ChavinThe first major urban civilization in South America (900-250 B.C.E.). Its capital was located high in the Andes Mountains of Peru. Chavin became politically and economically dominant in a densely populated region.33
11362653945BantuThe people who spread throughout Africa spreading agriculture, language, and iron.34
11362662614Ancestral PuebloSouthwest Native American culture known especially for its architecture, which consisted of apartments and kivas.35
11362668149Mound-Buildersnative american civilizations of the eastern region of north america that created distinctive earthen works that served as elaborate burial places36
11362680753MelanesiaThe most populous of the three groups of Pacific islands, includes Fiji, Papua New Guinea, and others.37
11362686051PolynesiaIslands contained in a rough triangle whose points lie in Hawaii, New Zealand, and Easter Island38
11362690206MicronesiaSmall islands in the western Pacific, northeast of New Guinea.39
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AP World History Chap 14 & 15 Flashcards

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5450404466three-field systemA rotational system for agriculture in which one field grows grain, one grows legumes, and one lies fallow. It gradually replaced two-field system in medieval Europe.0
5450365782water wheelA mechanism that harnesses the energy in flowing water to grind grain or to power machinery. It was used in many parts of the world but was especially common in Europe from 1200 to 1900.1
5450409367Hanseatic LeagueAn economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century.2
5450411672guildA medieval organization of crafts workers or trades people.3
5450411673Gothic CathedralsLarge churches originating in twelfth-century France; built in an architectural style featuring pointed arches, tall vaults and spires, flying buttresses, and large stained-glass windows.4
5450415101RennaissanceRevival of learning or "rebirth" that ocurred in Europe between 1300 and 1600. a period of artistic, cultural, and intellectual revival.5
5450415102universitiesDegree-granting institutions of higher learning. Those that appeared in Latin West from about 1200 onward became the model of all modern universities.6
5450418118scholasticismA philosophical and theological system, associated with Thomas Aquinas, devised to reconcile Aristotelian philosophy and Roman Catholic theology in the thirteenth century.7
5450422424humanistsEuropean scholars, writers, and teachers associated with the study of the humanities (grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, languages, and moral philosophy), influential in the fifteenth century and later.8
5450460311printing pressA mechanical device for transferring text or graphics from a woodblock or type to paper using ink. Presses using movable type first appeared in Europe in about 1450.9
5450469860Great Western SchismA division in the Latin (Western) Christian Church between 1378 and 1417, when rival claimants to the papacy existed in Rome and Avignon.10
5450486952Hundred Years WarSeries of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families.11
5450490235reconquest of IberiaBeginning in the eleventh century, military campaigns by various Iberian Christian states to recapture territory taken by Muslims. In 1492 the last Muslim ruler was defeated, and Spain and Portugal emerged as united kingdoms.12
5450490236Zheng HeAn imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa.13
5450492585ArawakAmerindian peoples who inhabited the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean at the time of Columbus.14
5450494668Henry the NavigatorThis Portuguese prince who lead an extensive effort to promote seafaring expertise in the 14th century. Sent many expedition to the coast of West Africa in the 15th century, leading Portugal to discover a route around Africa, ultimately to India.15
5450497641caravelA small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic.16
5450497642Gold CoastRegion of the Atlantic coast of West Africa occupied by modern Ghana; named for its gold exports to Europe from the 1470s onward.17
5450503436Bartolomeu DiasPortuguese explorer who in 1488 led the first expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa from the Atlantic and sight the Indian Ocean.18
5450522624Christopher ColumbusGenoese mariner who in the service of Spain led expeditions across the Atlantic, reestablishing contact between the peoples of the Americas and the Old World and opening the way to Spanish conquest and colonization.19
5450527379Ferdinand MagellanPortuguese explorer who found a sea route to the Spice Island by sailing around the American continent. His crew was the first to circumnavigate the world.20
5450533018conquistadorsEarly-sixteenth-century Spanish adventurers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru. (Examples Cortez, Pizarro, Francisco.)21
5450535902Hernan CortesSpanish explorer and conquistador who led the conquest of Aztec Mexico in 1519-1521 for Spain.22
5450542976Moctezuma IIAztec ruler from 1502 to 1520; he was the emperor of the Aztecs when Cortés and his army conquered the empire. He was taken prisoner and killed during battle with the Spanish army.23
5450920900AtahualpaLast ruling Inca emperor of Peru. He was executed by the Spanish.24
5450925562Francisco PizarroSpanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541).25
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AP World History- Regions of the World Flashcards

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9966091872East AsiaChina, Japan, North/South Korea0
9966091873Southeast AsiaVietnam, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Myanmar, Brunei1
9966091874South AsiaIndia, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka2
9966091875Southwest Asia and North AfricaEgypt, Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Israel, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, Lebanon, Lybia, Tunisia, Algeria, Jordan, Kawait, Qatar, UAE, Yemen, Cyprus3
9966091876Central AsiaRussia, Mongolia, the "-stans", Georgia4
9966091877Sub-Saharan AfricaCountries below the Sahara: Nigeria, Somalia, Congo, Kenya, South Africa, Zimbabwe, etc.5
9966091878Eastern EuropePoland, Slovakia, Czech Republicc Lithuania, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia, Croatia, Kosovo, Hungary, Latvia, Estonia, etc.6
9966091879Western EuropeUnited Kingdom, Ireland, France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium7
9966091880North AmericaCanada, United States, Mexico8
9966091881Latin AmericaMexico, Panama, Cuba, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Colombia, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Paraguay, Venezuela9
9966091882OceaníaAustralia, New Zealand, Palau New Guinea10
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Nationalism AP World History Flashcards

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6158189291Congress of Vienna- The French empire and Napoleon are now gone - The continental map of Europe must be literally redrawn - Klemens Von Metternich is a key diplomat - Maurice de Talleyrand is a key diplomat - Greatly influenced by the writing of Edmund Burke - Preference for tradition, order, stability - Restoration of former ruling family dynasty become top priority (France, Spain, Portugal) - France stripped of military conquest and awards compensation - Britain and Russia granted numerous colonies - Confederation of the Rhine (holy Roman Empire) becomes the German Confederation of States - Quadruple alliance to remain intact (Austria, Russia, Britain, and Prussia): Goal is to protect Europe from revolutions in future0
6158189292Opposing political ideologies- In decades after the Congress of Vienna, much of Europe struggles with differing philosophies - Napoleon's quests spark nationalist movements, calls for democratic reform and self determination - Movements towards common homelands for people with common heritage (Greece, Italy, Germany) - This contradicts the philosophies of the congress of Vienna1
6158189293Conservatism- the favoring of traditional values and views, opposition to change - Restoration of absolute monarchs, belief in divine right - Rigid systems of social classifications - Foreign policy based on military strength - Suppression of civil liberties2
6158189294Liberalism- Open to new ideas or progress, support of change - Written constitutions - Belief in natural rights - Separations of Power, checks & balances - Support of civil liberties - Foreign policy based on diplomacy3
6158189295Liberalism vs Conservatism in France- No better example of the conflict of Liberalism vs Conservatism than in France - Bourbon family dynasty is restored - July Revolution of 1824 takes place - Louis Philippe ascends to power after the July Revolution, but his rule is a failure and he abdicates - Second Republic proclaimed and calls for free elections - Louis Napoleon (nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte) serves as 1st president and last monarchy in all of French history4
6158189296July Revolution of 1824- Revolution in France - Based on liberal reform effort5
6158189297Louis Napoleon- Nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte - Elected and serves as 1st president of French Republic - By 1852, he has consolidated power to a point where he proclaims himself "emperor" - Takes title of Napoleon lll - Last monarchy in all of French history6
6158189298Louis Philippe- France - Louis Philippe ascends to power after the July Revolution - But his rule is a failure and he abdicates7
6158189299European Nationalist movements- There were various nationalist movements with mixed results in 1820s: • Success-Greece (Ottoman Empire) • Success-Belgium (Netherlands) • Failure-Poland (suppressed by Russia) • Failure-Austria (suppressed by Hapsburg) • Close to success for Germany8
6158189300Latin American Nationalist movements- Nationalist movements spread across the Atlantic to Americas during the same time period: • Success-Haiti (France) [Toussant L'Ouverture] • Success-Mexico (Spain) [Catholic Clergy] • Success-Venezuela (Spain) [Simon Bolivar] • Success-Ecuador (Spain) [Simon Bolivar] • Success-Peru (Spain) [Simon Bolivar] • Success-Bolivia (Spain) [Simon Bolivar] • Success-Argentina (Spain) [Jose de Martin] • Success-Brazil (Portugal)9
6158189301Toussant L'Ouverture- Haitian Independence leader - Liberated Haiti from French rule - French military issues led to their independence10
6158189302Augustin de Iturbide- 1st Mexican emperor after Independence from Spain11
6158189303Dom Pedro- 1st Brazilian emperor after Independence from Portugal12
6158189304Jose de Martin- Argentinian Independence leader - Liberated Argentina from Spanish rule13
6158189305Kaiser William l- Ruler of Prussia and Kaiser of Germany - Made Otto Von Bismarck his Chancellor in 186214
6158189306Otto Von Bismarck- Also known as Iron Chancellor - Prussian man made Chancellor by William l in 1862 - Wanted German unification through conservatism - Master of both "blood and iron" and "realpolitik" - Moved to build up the army, and with it, was ready to pursue aggressive foreign policy - Captured regions of Schleswig and Holstein to the North, seized form Denmark (1864) - Captured all of Austria in 7 weeks (1866) - Fired by Kaiser William ll, who is the grandson of William l (1888)15
6158189307"Blood and Iron"eliance on and use of force; especially : the use of military power rather than normal diplomatic means16
6158189308"realpolitik"realistic policies based on evaluation of the needs of a state17
6158189309Franco-Prussian War- 1870 - Crushes France in a matter of weeks - Adds region of Alsace and Lorraine - Germany united as a result of war - William l made Kaiser of the 2nd Reich, proclaimed at Versailles - (1st Reich is when Charlemagne was crowned by the Pope) - Newly united Germany is soon the premier power in Europe18
6158189310The Economic progress of Germany- Germany has ample iron and coal - Rapidly growing population - House of Krupp becomes the single largest steel producer in the world - Surpasses Britain's industrial power - Used applied science in developing new products - Single German currency - Reorganized banking - Expansion of railroads - Raised tariffs - Otto Von Bismarck sought to erase old loyalties and crush all oppositions to the new state19
6158189311Iron Chancellor's attacks and results- Attacks the Catholic Church: • Makes Catholics put loyalty to state 1st • Laws to supervise Catholic education • Laws to approve appointments of priests • Expelled Jesuits • All of this backfires and he recants - Attacks German Marxists who called for true democratic reforms and laws to improve conditions for workers: • Dissolved socialist groups • Closes down newspaper • Banned meetings • This fails, workers unite under socialist banners • Bismarck changes course20
6158189312House of KruppGerman steel producing company21
6158189313Socialism- German Marxists called for true democratic reforms and laws to improve conditions for workers - Bismarck then: • Dissolved socialist groups • Closed down newspaper • Banned meetings - This fails, workers unite under socialist banners - Bismarck changes course; becomes pioneer in social reform to woo German workers - 1890s: better pay, health and accident insurance, pensions - Bismarck is fired by Kaiser William ll, who is the grandson of William l (1888) - William ll continues to strengthen the military22
6158189314Kaiser William ll- German Kaiser - Grandson of William l -strengthens military - fires Bismarck23
6158189315Italian Unification- Austria controlled much of northern Italy and France had much of southern Italy - A series of revolts between 1820 and 1848 In Northern Italy - Austria crushes every single one - Giuseppe Mazzini founded Young Italy - Sardinia= ally of Young Italy (king Victor Emmanuel ll) - He makes Count Camillo Cavour the prime minister - Cavour improved economy by focusing on agriculture, railroads, and commerce - Secret treaty with Napoleon lll to aid Sardinia if war with Austria takes place (1858) - Sardinia, aided by France, defeated Austria and then annexes Lombardy (1859) - Giuseppe Garibaldi conquers Sicily with 1,000 red shirts (private soldiers) - Garibaldi and Cavour meet up in Naples and then turn Naples and Sicily to Victor Emmanuel ll - Because of the Franco-Prussian War (1870), France troops withdraw from Rome - Italian troops enter Rome and proclaim it to be the capital of Italy24
6158189316Giuseppe Garibaldi- Conquers Sicily with 1,000 red shirts (private soldiers)25
6158189317Count Camillo Cavour- Prime Minister of Sardinia - Cavour improved economy by focusing on agriculture, railroads, and commerce.26
6158189318King Victor Emmanuel ll- King of Sardinia - Ally of Young Italy - He makes Count Camillo Cavour the prime minister - After the defeat of Austria, is given Sicily and Naples - Made King of Italy27
6158189319Giuseppe Mazzini- Founder of Young Italy - Said, "...ideas grow quickly when watered by the blood of martyrs..."28
6158189320Divisions of Italy- Northern Italy is wealthy - Southern Italy is impoverished - Social anarchists and terrorists engage in terror/violence29
6158189321Problems with Catholic Church in Italy- Rome is basically taken from the Pope after it is made capital of Italy - Vatican city is created for papacy - Tension cools down, but still remains30
6158189322Austria and the Hapsburg- Less than 25% of the 50 million citizens are actually Austrian - People coming from Czechoslovakia, Poland, Ukraine, Serbia, Croatia, Hungary, Italy - Francis Joseph becomes emperor, attempts to initiate reform31
6158189323Francis Joseph- Austrian emperor - When he becomes emperor, he tries to initiate reform - Is emperor when the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary is created32
6158189324The Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary- Shared ministries between Austria and Hungary - Shared ministries of • finances • defense • foreign affairs - They are still independent of each other33
6158189325Ottoman Empire- Serbian independence in 1817 and Greek independence by the early 1830s - Many other ethnic minorities want their independence as well - Balkan "Powder Keg"34
6158189326Russia pt.1- Russia remained economically undeveloped, despite effort from Peter and Catherine the great to modernize Russia - Czars feel that any attempt of modernization would weaken absolute rule - Russia continued to fall further behind Western Europe - The majority of Russians were still serfs - Alexander I attempted to modernize Russia in 1801 - Decembrist Revolt occurs - Nicholas I eliminates all dissent and to assert his power and law and order - Nicholas 1 embraces all 3 pillars and rules for next 30 years of absolutism35
6158189327Russia pt.2- Alexander II takes part in Crimean war in 1855 ~Crimean War against powers of Western Europe, more revealed the backwardness of the country ~No railroads, insufficient supplies & weapons, ineffective military - Alexander II freed the serfs, modernized legal and administrative systems, encouraged professional and scientific education, as well as many other things - Zemstvos are given more power by Alexander II - Railroad construction and industrialization become top priority - Difficult process as Russians must rely heavily on foreign experts - Alexander II is assassinated in 1881 - Czar Alexander III turns repressive, secret police, censorship, persecution of Jewish communities36
6158189328Alexander I- Russian Czar - Attempted to modernize Russia in 1801, but Napoleon invades - Then after victory, he died in 182537
6158189329Decembrist Revolt- An army of officers that want to initiate reform38
6158189330Alexander II- Russian Czar - What he did: Freed the serfs • modernized legal • administrative systems • encouraged scientific education • Reformed military • demanding longer terms of service • stricter discipline in military • Gave more power to 'zemstvos' • Railroad construction • industrialization - Difficult process of industrialization as Russians must rely heavily on foreign experts - Is assassinated in 188139
6158189331Nicholas I- Eliminates all dissent and to assert his power and law and order -19th century Russia political ideology of Absolutism ~Russian Orthodox Church (Orthodoxy) ~Romanov family dynasty (autocracy) ~Russian national pride (nationalism - Embraces all 3 pillars and rules for next 30 years40
6158189332Alexander III- Russian Czar - What he does: • Turns repressive • secret police • censorship • persecution of Jewish communities41
6158189333Zemstvos- Local ruling legislative - Given more power by Alexander II42
6158189334Crimean War- War against against powers of Western Europe - Showed the backwardness of Russia - Greatest legacy of Crimean War is the Russian victory: • Battle of Balaclava • Charge of the Light Brigade • Poem written by Tenneyson43
6158189335Russo-Japanese War- By early 20th century, both Russia & Japan look to spread their influence across Asia - Brings them into direct conflict with one another - Czar Nicholas II calls for Russians to defend "...the faith, the Czar, & the fatherland..." In 1904 - War is ultimately is a humiliating defeat for Russia44
6158195260I would intercourse a bearbut it is illegal45
6158198918Mohit gets the toes46
6158214782What is love?Baby don't hurt me, don't hurt me no more47
6158220949Is that a dildo?48
6158228418Hello from the other sideI used to call a thousand times49
6158239516I specify as a gender less male50
6158252964Put the cookie down!51
6158263873Hello there, I am an innocent little furry. I do not understand what gender or race I am. I think I may be Hitler. Although I am Jewish, so was he.to my little friend52
615828796153
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AP World History - Strayer Chapter 4 Vocabulary Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Eurasian Empires
Chapter 4 - Eurasian Cultural Traditions

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8839629426LegalismA Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments.0
8839629427Confucius (Kong Fuzi)The founder of Confucianism (551-479 B.C.E.); an aristocrat of northern China who proved to be the greatest influence on Chinese culture in its history.1
8839629428Ban ZhaoA major female Confucian author of Han dynasty China (45-116 C.E.) whose works give insight into the implication of Confucian thinking for women.2
8839629429DaoismA Chinese philosophy/popular religion that advocates simplicity and understanding of the world of nature, founded by the legendary figure Laozi.3
8839629430UpanishadsIndian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 and 400 B.C.E.4
8839629431VedasThe earliest religious texts of India, a collection of ancient poems, hymns, and rituals that were transmitted orally before being written down ca. 600 B.C.E.5
8839629432AristotleA Greek polymath philosopher (384-322 B.C.E.); student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.6
8839629433Theravada"The Teaching of the Elders," the early form of Buddhism according to which the Buddha was a wise teacher but not divine and which emphasizes practices rather than beliefs.7
8839629434Buddhisma religion, originated in India that believes life is full of suffering caused by desire and that the way to end this suffering is through enlightenment8
8839629435Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha)The Indian prince who turned ascetic (ca. 566-486 B.C.E.) who founded Buddhism.9
8839629436Mahayana"Great Vehicle," the popular development of Buddhism in the early centuries of the Common Era, which gives a much greater role to supernatural beings and proved to be more popular than original (Theravada) Buddhism.10
8839629437NirvanaThe end goal of Buddhism, in which individual identity is "extinguished" into a state of serenity & great compassion.11
8839629438Bhagavad GitaA great Hindu epic text, part of the much larger Mahabharata, which affirms the performance of caste duties as a path to religious liberation.12
8839629439ZoroastrianismPersian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra.13
8839629440ZarathustraA Persian prophet, traditionally dated to sixth or seventh century B.C.E. (but perhaps much older), who founded Zoroastrianism.14
8839629441JudaismThe monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god (Yahweh/YHWH) with concerns with social justice.15
8839629442IsaiahOne of the most important prophets of Judaism, whose teachings show the transformation of the religion in favor of compassion and social justice (eighth century B.C.E.)16
8839629443Greek rationalismA secularizing system of scientific and philosophic thought that developed in Classical Greece in the period 600 to 300 B.C.E.; it emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in nonreligious terms.17
8839629444SocratesThe first great Greek philosopher to turn rationalism toward questions of human existence (469-399 B.C.E.)18
8839629445PlatoA disciple of Socrates whose Dialogues convey the teachings of his master while going beyond them to express Plato's own philosophy; lived from 429 to 348 B.C.E.19
8839629446ConstantineRoman emperor (r. 306-337 C.E.) whose conversion to Christianity paved the way for the triumph of Christianity in Europe.20
8839629447Paul of Tarsus (Saint Paul)The first great popularize of Christianity (10-65 C.E.)21
8839629450Church of the EastPlanted churches in Syria and Persia that were distinct in theology and practice from the Roman Church22
8839629451PerpetuaChristian martyr (one who was killed for their beliefs) from Carthage. Educated and wealthy, she died being fed to leopards.23
8839629448Jesus of NazarethThe prophet/god of Christianity (ca. 4 B.C.E.-30 B.C.E.).24
8839629449TheodosiusRoman emperor (r. 379-395 C.E.) who made Christianity the official religion of the Roman state, banning all polytheistic rituals.25
8839634020Confucianisma system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius and developed by Mencius.26
8839634021Hinduisma major religious and cultural tradition of South Asia, developed from Vedic religion.27
8839655046UpanishadsA group of writings sacred in Hinduism concerning the relations of humans, God, and the universe.28
8839688125MokshaThe Hindu concept of the spirit's 'liberation' from the endless cycle of rebirths.29
8839748480SiddharthaFounder of Buddhism30
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AP World History Chapter 28 Vocab Flashcards

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6210315025Adam SmithAuthor of Wealth of Nations0
6210315026Ancien RegimeThe traditional political and social order in Europe before the French Revolution1
6210315027Anti- SemitismPrejudice against Jews2
6210315028Baron de MontequieEnlightment thinker that said power should be seperated between the different branches of government3
6210315029Camillo de CavorLeader in the unification of Italy4
6210315030CaudillosMilitary rulers who emerged in new republics across latin america5
6210315031Civil CodeCode of laws established by Napoleon which preserved many of the ideals of the French Revolution6
6210315032Congress of Vienna(1814-1815 CE) Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon.7
6210315033ConservatismA belief that limited government insures order competitive markets and personal opportunity.8
6210315034Continental CongressA meeting of delegates from each of the thirteen American colonies. These delegates served as the government during the Revolutionary War.9
6210315035Declaration of IndependenceSigned in 1776 by US revolutionaries; it declared the United States as a free state.10
6210315036Declaration of the Rights of Man and the CitizenStatement of fundamental political rights adopted by the French National Assembly at the beginning of the French Revolution.11
6210315037Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female CitizenWork written to challenge Woman's social roles as outlined in the Declaration '''''' Man and the Citizen12
6210315038Elizabeth Cady StantonAn American social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early woman's movement13
6210315039Estates GeneralAn assembly of representatives from all three of the estates, or social classes, in France14
6210315040French RevolutionA major change in government that began in 1789; it brought an end to the absolute monarchy and a start to a representative government15
6210315041Giuseppe GiribaldiItalian leader of the redshirts. Helped unite italy16
6210315043Gran ColombiaExisted as an independent state until 1830 when Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador became separate independent nations.17
6210315044Haitian RevolutionA major influence of the Latin American revolutions because of its successful; the only successful slave revolt in history; it is led by Toussaint L'Ouverture.18
6210315046Judenstaatseparate Jewish state19
6210315047Klemens Von MetternichThe Foreign Minister of Austria; he had the most influence at the Congress of Vienna.20
6210315048LiberalismA belief that government can and should achieve justice and equality of opportunity.21
6210315054Unification of ItalyA group of nationalistic Italian students that demanded an independent Italy.22
6210315055ZionismA movement to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine23
6210329317American RevolutionRebellion of English American colonies along Atlantic seaboard between 1775 and 1783; resulted in independence for former British colonies and eventual formation of United States of America24
6210335074Criollosa person from Spanish South or Central America, especially one of pure Spanish descent.25
6210339999DeistsThe belief that God has created the universe but remains apart from it and permits his creation to administer itself through natural laws.26
6210344070Enlightenmenta European intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition. It was heavily influenced by 17th-century philosophers such as Descartes, Locke, and Newton, and its prominent exponents include Kant, Goethe, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Adam Smith.27
6210349823Gens de couleura French term meaning "people of color". The term was commonly used in France's West Indian colonies prior to the abolition of slavery, where it was a short form of gens de couleur libres28
6210357113George Washingtonan American politician and soldier who served as the first President of the United States from 1789 to 1797 and was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.29
6210360524German Unificationa politically and administratively integrated nation state officially occurred on 18 January 1871 in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles in France. Princes of the German states gathered there to proclaim Wilhelm I of Prussia as German Emperor after the French capitulation in the Franco-Prussian War.30
6210380145John Lockewas an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism"31
6210386245Nationalisma complex, multidimensional concept involving a shared communal identification with one's nation. It is a political ideology oriented towards gaining and maintaining self-governance, or full sovereignty, over a territory of historical significance to the group32
6210396319Philosopheswere the intellectuals of the 18th-century Enlightenment. Few were primarily philosophers; rather, philosophes were public intellectuals who applied reason to the study of many areas of learning, including philosophy, history, science, politics, economics, and social issues.33
6210398994Reign of Terroralso known as The Terror, was a period of violence that occurred after the onset of the French Revolution,34
6210405308Toussaint Louverturewas the best-known leader of the Haitian Revolution. His military and political acumen saved the gains of the first Black insurrection in November 179135
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