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AP World History--Basic Vocabulary Flashcards

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4859038987AgricultureThe science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.0
4859249396AgrarianOf or relating to cultivated land or the cultivation of land.1
4859268288AnalyzeDiscover or reveal (something) through detailed examination.2
4859275938AninismBelief in innumerable spiritual beings concerned with human affairs and capable of helping or harming human interests.3
4859283116ArtA visual object or experience consciously created through an expression of skill or imagination.4
4859287719Belief SystemThe stories we tell ourselves to define our personal sense of "reality".5
4859290310BureaucraciesA system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.6
4859290311CasteEach of the hereditary classes of Hindu society, distinguished by relative degrees of ritual purity or pollution and of social status.7
4859292126CivilizationThe process by which a society or place reaches an advanced stage of social development and organization.8
4859292127ClimateA region with particular prevailing weather conditions.9
4859295714ContinuityThe unbroken and consistent existence or operation of something over a period of time.10
4859298523Coup/Coup d' etatThe sudden, violent overthrow of an existing government by a small group.11
4859300545CultureThe arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively.12
4859302584DemographyThe study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations.13
4859304686DiasporaAny group that has been dispersed outside its traditional homeland, especially involuntarily.14
4859304687DiffusionIs the spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.15
4859304688DomesticationIs the process of adapting wild plants and animals for human use.16
4859307143EconomyThe wealth and resources of a country or region, especially in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services.17
4859308903EgalitarianismOf, relating to, or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.18
4859308904EliteA select part of a group that is superior to the rest in terms of ability or qualities.19
4859313693EmigrationIs the act of leaving one's resident country with the intent to settle elsewhere.20
4859313694EmpireAn extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority.21
4859315137EpidemicA widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.22
4859319320Filial PietyIn Confucian philosophy it is a virtue of respect for one's parents, elders, and ancestors.23
4859319321GenderThe state of being male or female24
4859320731GeographyThe nature and relative arrangement of places and physical features.25
4859320732HierarchyA system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.26
4859322364HistoryThe study of past events, particularly in human affairs.27
4859322365IdeologyA system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.28
4859322366ImperialOf or relating to an empire.29
4859324083KinshipA blood relationship.30
4859324084MaritimeConnected with the sea, especially in relation to seafaring commercial or military activity.31
4859328098MatriarchyA system of society or government ruled by a woman or women.32
4859331122MatrilinealOf or based on kinship with the mother or the female line.33
4859332446MigrationTo go from one country, region, or place to another.34
4859332447NationA large aggregate of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory.35
4859332448NeolithicOf or relating to the cultural period of the Stone Age beginning around 10,000 BC in the Middle East and later elsewhere, characterized by the development of agriculture and the making of polished stone implements.36
4859334294NomadicAnything that involves moving around a lot.37
4859336127PaleolithicThe cultural period of the Stone Age that began about 2.5 to 2 million years ago, marked by the earliest use of tools made of chipped stone. Also called Old Stone Age.38
4859336128PastoralUsed for or related to the keeping or grazing of sheep or cattle.39
4859340210PatriarchyA system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family and descent is traced through the male line.40
4859340281PeriodizationIs the process or study of categorizing the past into discrete, quantified named blocks of time in order to facilitate the study and analysis of history.41
4859342584PhilosophyThe study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline.42
4859344306Political StructureA coordinated set of principles, laws, ideas, and procedures relating to a particular form of government, or the form of government itself.43
4859345746Popular/pop cultureIs the entirety of ideas, perspectives, attitudes, images, and other phenomena that are within the mainstream of a given culture, especially Western culture of the early to mid 20th century and the emerging global mainstream of the late 20th and early 21st century.44
4859345747Pre-historyThe period of time before written records.45
4859347354ReligionThe belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods.46
4859347355RevolutionA forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system.47
4859350044RuralIn, relating to, or characteristic of the countryside rather than the town.48
4859350045SecessionThe action of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body, especially a political state.49
4859350046Seculardenoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis.50
4859351653ScienceThe intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment.51
4859351654Social ClassA division of a society based on social and economic status.52
4859351655Social StructureIt is the structure of social network ties between individuals or organizations.53
4859353467StateIs an organized political community living under a single system of government. States may or may not be sovereign.54
4859353468SuffrageThe right to vote in political elections.55
4859355353SurplusAn amount of something left over when requirements have been met; an excess of production or supply over demand.56
4859356991SyncretismThe attempted reconciliation or union of different or opposing principles, practices, or parties, as in philosophy or religion.57
4859356992TechnologyA scientific or industrial process, invention, method, or the like.58
4859356993TradeThe act or process of buying, selling, or exchanging commodities, at either wholesale or retail, within a country or between countries.59
4859358822TributeA stated sum or other valuable consideration paid by one sovereign or state to another in acknowledgment of subjugation or as the price of peace, security, protection, or the like.60
4859358823UrbanOf, relating to, or designating a city or town.61
4859359976UrbanizationThe process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more and more people begin living and working in central areas.62
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AP World History Period 3 Study Set Flashcards

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7688656529Byzantine EmpireThe two Christian civilizations formed out of the split of the Roman Empire.0
7688660453The Great SchismAnother term for the split of the Roman Empire1
7688685520Greek OrthodoxyA religion that follows more on the principles of the New Testament and was the primary religion of the Eastern Roman Empire.2
7688699973Roman CatholicismA religion used in the Western Roman Empire that more focuses on the Old Testament and old writings3
7688753391Feudal KingdomsEastern and Western half of the Roman Empire.4
7688759002Religious missionariesCatholic persons that ventured around their half of the Empire to spread their given religion.5
7688793381ConvertA person of whom had been contacted by a missionary who then changed to the religion of the missionary.6
7688811426Social and CulturalReligions changed in these two aspects:7
7688819115London, Paris, Carthage, etc.Cities in the Western Roman Empire8
7688824360Alexandria, Jerusalem, Athens, etc.Cities in the Eastern Roman Empire9
7688828436Islamic States and the TurksEmpires that were just getting started during the growth of the Byzantine Empire.10
7688869007ConstantinopleThe capital of the Eastern Byzantine Empire11
7688876022RomeThe capital of the Western Byzantine Empire12
7688903925The rapid growth of IslamGreek/ Eastern Orthodox Christianity retains strength despite _______________________.13
7688955673BalkansEastern Russian peoples that came into the Eastern Byzantine Empire that helped spread Catholicism.14
7688997967Western RussiansCame from Western Russia that had been given the culture of politics from the Orthodox Christians.15
7689040852JustinianMost influential and significant Byzantine leader16
7689051018Twelve TablesRoman legal code practiced by the new Empires17
7689058168OriginalJustinian had military gains and rebuilt the ___________ empire.18
7689064808North Africa and ItalyTerritories Justinian gained.19
7689089713The Roman Legal CodeWhat did Justinian systemize and use?20
7689234561GreekThe official language of the Byzantine empire; die to the fact the New Testament was written in that language.21
7689290757Hagia SophiaA Orthodox religious dome that was converted to a mosque. The light into the dome is a symbol of God.22
7689305042Minaretstowers to call people to prayer23
7689307468MosaicA glass reflective art; a collection of pieces.24
7689315938Muslim invadersThe primary concern of Byzantine leaders25
7689318841Greek fireA fire in a jar that, when thrown, breaks and catches on fire; sort of like a Molotov.26
7689343894Muslim siege of Constantinople711 CE; The muslim navy invaded Constantinople; the Byzantines were able to hold them off, but there were several losses in the Mediterranean.27
7710435745TheocracyThe imperial government; lineage is not by family.28
7710437813Line of SuccessionEmperors all ran different style of rule; Each emperor had their own currency.29
7710458457CaesaropapismWhen the emperors have a more direct rule over their people.30
7710466444Celibacy in the Roman Catholic ChurchNO sexual relations until marriage.31
7710469952The BibleWas written in Latin for Roman Catholics; In greek for the Orthodox Christians.32
7710474612SilkThe main product of China33
7710477409Agricultural goods of the Byzantine EmpireSupplied by the slaves34
7710480752developed a new education systemLiteracy was quite high when they ___________________________.35
7710483765Gold backgroundsOrthodox Christian representation of the sovereignty of the Church™.36
7710496173HellenismAlexander's greek empire that was founded after he conquered Greece.37
7737349898IslamA monotheistic religion founded by Muhammed that has many of the basic ideals as Christianity.38
7737366545MuhammedThe prophet and founder of Islam, also known as "The Messenger"39
7737383236Allah"God" in Arabic40
7737406254BedouinsNomadic Arabs who traveled along the deserts and spread Islam.41
7737409738Sheep and CamelsAnimals that the Bedouins herded42
7737431073The Five Pillars of IslamFive moral codes that Muslims live by43
7737434771FaithThe first pillar of Islam; Says that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the messenger of God.44
7737460013PrayerThe second pillar of Islam; Says that Muslims shall pray five times a day: at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, evening.45
7737522926FastingThe third pillar of Islam; all able bodied muslims must fast from food, drink, and sexual intercourse, during the Month of Ramadan from sun up to sundown.46
7737555018AlmsgivingThe fourth pillar of Islam; to donate to the poor.47
7737588159HajjThe fifth pillar of Islam; all financially-able muslims must take a pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, in their lifetime to go to the Prayer Area in the center of the city.48
7737604640Sunni MuslimsMajority of Muslims; follow the original and general teachings of Muhammed.49
7737611599Shiah MuslimsMuslims that live in a more renowned lifestyle than the Sunni muslims.50
7737636928CaliphsAncient Muslim spiritual leaders51
7737640333Umayyad caliphsLeaders in a specific area; for example: The Arabian Peninsula52
7737650674Abu AbdallahTook control of Egypt53
7737656238Women in IslamServants of their husband and household; responsible for child rearing54
7737689040QuranThe muslim holy book55
7737818939House of WisdomAn islamic center of intellect56
7776542338The PlagueA disease that killed 1/5 of the world's population in 541-542. Did not affect the Sahara because the plague cannot thrive in the extreme heat.57
7776581563Ibn BattutaA Moroccan Muslim Scholar that traveled around Northern Africa and the Middle East.58
7776599791The Mali EmpireAn empire that Ibn Battuta traded salt with59
7776602687SaltThe main product traded by Ibn Battuta used for food preserving.60
7776619390Timbuktu UniversityThe first university in Sub-Saharan Africa in which 1/4 of the population studied; Known for it's large library and home to over 300,000 scrolls, many having to do with science.61
7776674877The Sand RoadsThe main Trans-Saharan trade route.62
7776681028CaravansA group people and camels travelling at night through the Trans-Saharan Trade Route and/or the Sand Roads; Length of their journey was about 70 days and they walked 15-20 miles a day.63
7776705233CamelsOwned by the first traders; Carried gold, ivory, cotton textiles, weapons, and tools to West and Sub-Saharan Africa.64
7776791153The Battle of Manzikert of 1071Resulted in the loss of the Silk Road65
77768040264th CrusadesThe turks took the Constantine Empire resulting in the start of Islam.66
7776917292HippodromeRace tracks that Gladiators fought at in the Byzantine Empire67
7872863047BantuPrimary language spoken in Pre-Islamic Africa68
7872882065A stateless societyMany small communities organized in a authoritarian way; didn't have a high concentration of power69
7872891707NubiaAn area along the Southern Nile south of Egypt with king buried in a similar way as mummies; monarchy.70
7872900250MeroeThe capital of the Nubian Civilization71
7872906991AlmoravidThe muslim berbers that were from the Western Sahara; started to take power in Western Africa.72
7872912593Grasslands KingdomsThe transitions between the Sahara Desert and the savannas to the south; The Kingdoms were Ghana, Mali, Songhai.73
7872924453Sudanic StatesThe reinforced Muslim areas of kingship and power74
7872926976GhanaRulers converted to Islam; They were the first Great West African Empire75
7872935081MaliBroke away from Ghana and became a trading center in West Africa76
7872941033Mansa MusaA king of Mali who was one of the richest individuals to ever live; gave out gold wherever he lived.77
7872946697SanghaiBroke away from Mali and became a military power; Extended rule over the entire Niger River Valley78
7872960471Swahili CoastA coast that enabled East Africa to be connected to Indian Ocean Trade79
7949495357Neo-ConfucianismThe revival of Confucian thinking that incorporated not only religious beliefs like Buddhism, but social practices like Daoism.80
7949501658ConfucianismA practice focused on education, loyalty, and respect.81
7949510261SouthernizationThe spread of culture across Southern Asia82
7949515842JunksThe giant Chinese ships that were part of the Chinese Navy83
7949525327GentryA wealthy and intelligent landowner that is a teacher of Confucian ideas84
7949532062Tang DynastyStarted Neo-Confucianism85
7949541304Song DynastyOne of the smaller empires; They had a weaker military yet smarter citizens86
7949549604DowryA fixed payment from bride's family to the groom's family for a wedding.87
7949567933Anti-Buddhist BacklashA period where Confucianism and Daoism began to override Buddhism.88
7949575819The Grand CanalBuilt by the Sui Dynasty; Connected North and South China; Increased trade.89
7949587671907-960A period of no particular importance in China in which there were 5 dynasties and 10 kingdoms90
7949601286589-618The rule of the Sui Dynasty91
7949604324618-907The rule of the Tang Dynasty92
7949606765960-1279The rule of the Song Dynasty93
79496095991279-1368The rule of the Mongol Dynasty94
7949612380Mongol DynastyCame to China and instigated new rule95
7949615620206 BC- 220The rule of the Han Dynasty96
7949627484The building process of the Grand CanalMillions of peasants were angered by the forced labor. Many died.97
7949644553Imperial Level BureaucracyRan by Executive Departments98
7949647426District Level BureaucracyRan by regional and provincial offices99
7949658299BuddhismWhat religion did the Tang Dynasty leaders support?100
7949667018Empress WuA female leader that supported Buddhism101
7950024904SinificationA process in which Non-Chinese societies come under the influence and ideals of Chinese culture.102
7950038860The role of Buddhism in KoreaGrew Korea and influenced them greatly.103
7950047973Koryo DynastyA Korean dynasty that opposed the Chinese influences and rebelled, which led to the collapse.104
7950056560Champa Rice in SouthernizationAfter being introduced to China, rice cultivations grew greatly and they made very elaborate and complex techniques of water control on mountain slopes. This increased Chinese population.105
7950069631Printing in SouthernizationDeveloped in Buddhist monasteries; seen by the Tang Dynasty as an important technological advance106
7950078920Gunpowder in SouthernizationInvented by the Daoists and traded along the Silk Road107
7950089902Compasses in SouthernizationPerfected by the Chinese108
7950094247Porcelain in SouthernizationA chinese export; traded and given as gifts.109
7950098107African Slaves in SouthernizationProduced sugar; came in large numbers; Captured and imported by the Arabs110
7950106908Advances in agriculture in SouthernizationCotton industries cultivated; Indian crops such as sugar and cotton did as well111
7950113297Mathematics in SouthernizationIndians introduced it to the Arabs; Also done by the Chinese, yet more advanced.112
7950119089Silver in SouthernizationMined by the Arabs; made in extremely PLENTIFUL amounts113
7950133780Gold in SouthernizationThe search for gold brought the Indians to the Malay Peninsula and even as far as Africa.114
7963396600Doric ColumnsThe basic greek column115
7963400964Ionic ColumnsA more complex greek column with a curve at the top116
7963405467Corinthian ColumnsThe most complex of the greek columns; Has advanced art and carving on it117
7963419548PagodaA chinese temple built during the Song Dynasty; Most are Buddhist118
7963464314Medieval Chinese ArtMan were painting, some were ink.119
8189608685DaoismA practice created by Laozi that highlights living in harmony with nature120
8189628856Feudalisma system in which people were given land and protection by people of higher rank, and worked and fought for them in return121
8189642563600-1450Post-Classical Era122
8189652731ShogunA powerful lord or noble in Medieval/Middle Age Japan123
8189664209DaimyoA noble landowner or lord in Medieval/Middle Age Japan124
8189666265SamuraiWarriors that protected their daimyo in Medieval/Middle Age Japan125
8189672018The Code of BushidoA samurai's code of honor; The code demanded that a samurai be loyal to his lord and brave126
8189789732Seppuku/Hari-KariAn act of a Samurai killing themselves for dishonor127
8189793168Diffusion in AsiaKorea adopted Chinese Culture and Japan about cultures from the Feudal Age of Confucian Japan128
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AP World History Chapter 7 Terms Flashcards

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7137091906BarbariansThe Greeks first used the term "barbarous" ti designate foreign and uncivilized peoples, those whose languages sounded to Greek ears like the sound bar-bar, rather than like Greek. Today, barbarian continues to refer to persons who are considered foreign and uncivilized, and may, in the extreme, also refer to people who violent, uncontrolled, and perhaps, uncontrollable0
7137097668LegalismA school of Chinese philosophy that came into prominence during the period of the Warring States and had great influence on the policies of the Qin dynasty. Legalist took a pessimistic view of human nature and believed that social harmony could be attained only through strong government control and the imposition of strict laws, enforced absolutely1
7137102761SinicizationThe adoption and absorption by foreign peoples of Chinese language, customs, and culture2
7137104459AssimilationThe process by which different ethnic groups lose their distinctive cultural identity through contact with the dominant culture of a society, and gradually become absorbed and integrated into it3
7657050089Confucius:lived during the period of the Warring States4
7657050090Qin dynasty administration was characterized by:formalized, written rules5
7657050091Daoism:stresses a closeness to the natural world6
7657050092Which ideology had the most influence on the Qin dynasty?Legalism7
7657050093The Zhou dynasty:disintegrated, leading to the Warring States period8
7657050094Which dynasty completed the construction of the 1500-mile Great Wall of China?Qin9
7657050095The Warring States period:led to the rule of the Qin dynasty10
7657050096Of the following, which was NOT one of the five texts canonized by Confucius?The Good Life11
7670574665Regarding economic policy of the Han empire, it is true that:Confucians opposed military expansion in part because it was so costly12
7670574666The fall of the Qin dynasty was hastened most by:the hostility of the peasantry13
7670574667Chinese silk reached Rome via the first silk route in:57 B.C.E.14
7670574668The Mandate of Heaven:blessed moral rulers15
7670574669Over the course of the Han dynasty, this group rose to the top of the social and political hierarchy:scholars16
7670574670Regarding military policy of the Han empire, it is true that:nearly all able-bodied men had to serve in the military17
7670574671Between the first recorded census of 2 C.E. and the second extant census of 140 C.E., the population of China:dropped sharply to 48 million people18
7696790726The Tang dynasty:presided during a major flowering of Chinese poetry19
7696790727Buddhism had a divisive effect on China.False20
7696790728The Sui dynasty:initially had the loyalty of peasant farmers21
7696790729Buddhism in China:eventually gained millions of followers22
7696790730The Sui dynasty restored the economic productivity of China.True23
7696790731The Grand Canal, completed during the Sui dynasty, linked which of the following?the Yangzi and the Yellow River systems24
7696790732After the fall of the Han dynasty, China was divided into three states.True25
7696790733The "three kingdoms and six dynasties" period:managed to maintain the dominant culture and ethics of earlier times26
7696790734The Tang dynasty rejected the policies of the Sui.False27
7696790735Sima Qian:wrote a nearly complete history of China up to his own time28
7731824726Neither the Roman Empire nor the Chinese Empire put much effort into public works projects.False29
7731824727The seventeen-point program adopted by Japan:included reverence for Buddhism30
7731824728Korea broke free from direct Chinese control:following the collapse of the Han dynasty in 220 C.E.31
7731824729China and Rome were similar in all of the following ways, except for:influence on neighbors32
7731824730In which of the following are the dynasties arranged in proper chronological order?Qin, Han, Sui, and Tang33
7731824731Vietnam:had a love/hate relationship with China34
7731824732Japanaccepted the cultural hegemony of China35
7731824733The Chinese had a major influence on Korea.True36
7731824734China and Rome were different in all of the following ways, except for:gender relationships37
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AMSCO AP World History Chapter 9 Flashcards

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9235061949Malariadisease caused by mosquitoes implanting parasites in the blood0
9235061950Bananastropical/sub-tropical, long curved fruit that grows in clusters1
9235061951Congo Riverriver in Central Africa that flows into the Atlantic Ocean, where a major civilization developed.2
9235061952Ibn Battuta8th century Moroccan traveler known as the greatest traveler known of pre-modern times3
9235061953Camel Saddleinvention that gives more stability to camel riders, travelled along the trans-Saharan caravan trade route.4
9235061954Hijaba head covering worn by Muslim women in public, the religious code that governs the wearing of the hijab5
9235061955Eunuchscastrated males, originally in charge of protection of the rulers concubines; later had a major roles in government; especially in China or Islamic civilization6
9235061956Ali Bin Muhammadled by the Zanj revolt (rebellion against the slaves abbasid)7
9235061957Zanj Rebellionmajor uprising against the Abbasid Caliphate which took place from 869-8838
9235061958Griotswest-African story-teller, the conduits of history for the community9
9235061959Rock Churches11 churches in present day Lalibela, built into the ground, carved in Ethiopia10
9235061960Sana member of the original peoples of Southern Africa (bushmen), group of khoisian languages spoken by the san11
9235061961Indian Ocean Tradeworlds richest maritime trade network that was essential for the property of East Africa to Southern China12
9235061962Trans-Sahara Traderequires travel across the Sahara to reach sub-Sahara Africa from North Africa (involved camels)13
9235061963Kumbai Salehcapital of the kingdom of Ghana14
9235061964Timbuktuthe centre of Islamic learning in West Africa15
9235061965Gaoa very wealthy, developed city in Mali, located along the niger River16
9235061966Kilwacity-state found on the East-African coast; wealthy and became a major trading center by the 14th century17
9235061967Swahili city-statescreated by Indian Ocean Trade, means 'coasters', referring to the inhabitants of commercial centers, the Bantu language was used here18
9235061968Mombasacostal city of East Africa that was an important trade center19
9235061969Zanj Coast19th century political foundation established by the Omani Sultanate on the Swahili coast20
9235061970Matrilineal DescentKinship System in which ancestral descent is traced through maternal lines21
9235061971Kin-based networksRelation between two or more people that is based on common ancestry or marriage22
9235061972Age SetsSocial groups consisting of people of similar age who have a common dentity; maintain close ties and pass through a series of age related statuses23
9235061973ChiefA leader or ruler of a people or clan24
9235061974Kongo KingdomSeveral village alliances, participated actively in trade networks and most centralized rule of the early Bantu Kingdoms25
9235061975GhanaBetween Sahara and tropical rain forests of the west African coast26
9235061976MaliIn west Africa, Home of the great African empire; extremely wealthy27
9235061977SundiataFounder of Mali, ruling from c.1235-c.125528
9235061978Mansa MusaEmperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa; made famous pilgrimage to Mecca, established trade routes to Middle East, gave gold away during his pilgrimage29
9235061979MeccaThe holiest city of the Islamic faith, where Mansa Musa made his pilgrimage to30
9235061980SonghaySuccessor state to Mali, dominated middle reaches of Niger Valley, formed as an independent kingdom under a Berber dynasty, capital was Gao, reached an imperial status under the ruler Sonni Ali and was the last great state31
9235061981ZimbabweMost powerful kingdom in the 12th To 15th century, a landlocked republic in south-central africa32
9235061982Great ZimbabweCapital had a great stone wall enclosing it, found in southeast Africa was a major source of gold.33
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AP World History- Unit 6 Cold War Flashcards

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6217174321Deng XiaopingChinese leader after Mao who instituted reforms0
6217174322Ngo Dinh DiemUnpopular dictator of South Vietnam that the US supported as opposed to Communism1
6217176429Lyndon JohnsonPresident who believed in the domino theory and inccreased troops in Vietnam2
6217178007Ho Chi MinhNorth Vietnamese leader who appealed to nationalist feelings to unite Vietnam3
6217178008Alexander DubcekLeader of the Communist Party in Czechoslovakia who wanted to give more freedom to the people4
6217180302Douglas Mac ArthurUS general who led the UN in the Korean War5
6217180303Wladyslaw GomulkaLeader of Poland who stayed loyal to the Soviet Union but pursued different policies6
6217181898Imre NagyLeader in Hungary who wanted freedom from the Soviet Union7
6217181899Nikita KrushchevSoviet leader after Stalin8
6217184109Fidel CastroCommunist Cuban leader9
6217184110John F. KennedyPresident who had grave concerns about Cuba10
6217186493Ronald ReaganSent supplies to Afghans against Soviets11
6217186494Mikhail GorbachevNew leader of Soviets who was more progressive Communist12
6217188019United Nations (UN)Organization that linked the world together to keep peace and solve world problems13
6217188020General AssemblyConsists of one vote for each member nation14
6217190269Security CouncilActs on major issues; 10 members with 5 permanent: US, France, Britain, Soviet Union, and China15
6217191946International Court of JusticeJudicial body set up by the original UN charter16
6217193846Council for Mutual Economic Assistance/ COMECONSoviet plan to help rebuild Eastern Europe17
6217195650North Atlantic Treaty Organization/ NATOPledged mutual support and cooperation between countries in North America and Europe18
6217195651Warsaw Pact/ Communist BlocSoviet response to NATO; Communist Eastern Europe and Soviet Union19
6217199525Southeast Asia Treaty Organization/ SEATOFormed between the US, France, Britain, Australia, New Zealand, and other Pacific countries20
6217201116Central Treaty Organization/ CENTOAnti-Soviet treaty organization formed between Great Britain and Middle East; US helped although not member21
6217201117European Union/ EU22
6217202871Nuclear Test Ban TreatySaid that nukes could only be tested underground23
6217209442Nuclear Non-Proliferation TreatyPrevent spread of military nuclear technology to non-nuclear countries24
6217211448Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty/ SALTDesigned to freeze number of missiles each power could keep25
6217211449INF TreatyRestrictions were placed on intermediate-range nuclear weapons26
6217211450Cold WarHostility between the U.S. and U.S.S.R. that never resulted in direct fighting but instead used indirect fighting over the spread of Communism27
6217211543AngolaCountry in Southwest Africa that had a civil war where the Soviet backed the government and the U.S. backed the rebels28
6217213108PeacekeepingEasing tensions in trouble spots; the UN is well known for29
6217213109SatellitesSmall states that are economically or politically dependent on a larger more powerful state30
6217213110ContainmentHolding communism where it was and not letting it spread farther31
6217214169Truman DoctrineStrong statement that the US would do what it had to do to stop the spread of Communist influence, specifically in Greece and Turkey32
6217214170Marshall PlanDesigned to offer $13B more in aid to all nations of Europe from the US; Soviet Union refused along with satellites33
6217215665BerlinGerman capital located within the Soviet Union but split into Eastern and Western34
6320625745Berlin AirliftAfter Soviet blockade, US and Britain delivered supplies to Berlin through planes35
6217215666West/East GermanySplit of Germany between Democracy and Communist36
6217218471Mutual Assured Destruction/ MADRegardless of who started the war, both would be obliterated by the end of it37
6217220254Non-Aligned MovementDeveloping countries that wished to avoid involvement in the Cold War banded together38
6217220255Red GuardsGroups of revolutionary students39
6217221421Tiananmen SquarePeaceful student-led demonstration where soldiers responded by killing hundreds40
6217221422Korean WarWar between the North and South that ended in a stalemate41
6217221423Vietnam WarWar between the North and South which the North won and led to Communism42
6217221424Viet CongSouth Vietnamese who fought guerilla war against US troops43
6217223505Tet OffensiveAttack by North Vietnam that showed that the US was having difficulty winning the war44
6217223506Prague SpringCzechoslovakia movement to gain freedom; met with four Warsaw powers crushing it45
6217226493Brezhnev DoctrineClaimed the Soviet Union and its allies had the right to intervene if an action by one member threatened other socialist countries46
6217226494Irish Republican Army/ IRANorthern Irish Catholics that fought to unite with Ireland due to descrimination47
6217229087Ulster Defense AssociationNorthern Irish Catholics fought in to stay with Britain48
6217229088TerrorismUsing violence to achieve political ends49
6217230715Basque Homeland and Freedom/ ETATerrorist who wanted freedom from Spain50
6217230716Kent State UniversityAntiwar demonstration in the US that resulted in four unarmed students killings51
6217232286Berlin WallWall between East and West Berlin52
6217232287Bay of PigsFailure to overthrow Castro53
6217233811Cuban Missile CrisisUSSR tried to put missiles in Cuba to aim at US54
6217233812Hot LineDirect telegraph/teleprinter link between the US and Soviet leaders55
6217235793DétenteRelaxation on strain between nations56
6217235794"Star Wars"System to destroy any Soviet nuclear missiles that target the US57
6217236200GlasnostPolicy of opening up Soviet society and the political process by granting greater freedom58
6217236220Human RightsBasic protections common to all people59
6217238931Universal Declaration of Human RightsUN document that formalized its position on human rights60
6217240160Iron CurtainMetaphor coined by Winston Churchill to describe the split between Eastern and Western Europe61
6217240161Cultural RevolutionWar to lead Chinese society to a Communist future62
6217242192Thich Quang DucBuddhist monk who protested the government of South Vietnam by lighting himself on fire63
6217242193Domino TheoryBelief that if one country in Asia fell to Communists, other countries would soon follow64
6217242194RefugeesPeople who have fled their homes65
6217243729Hydrogen BombBomb developed the was more powerful than the atomic66
6217245533Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles/ ICBMCapable of delivering nuclear warheads into US territory67
6217245534SputnikFirst artificial satellite launched by Soviet Union68
6217247437Antinuclear MovementsOpposition to nuclear weapons69
6217248614International Monetary Fund/ IMF and World BankAgencies the UN works through to provide technical advice and loans to developing nations70
6217250008World Trade Organization/ WTO and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/ GATTWork to promote free trade worldwide71
6217251954Great Leap ForwardMao Zedong's policy that organized peasant land into communes; failure and 20 million starved72
6217251955CommunesLarge agricultural communities where land was held by the state rahter than by private owneres73
6217254593European Economic Community/ EEC/ Common MarketAllowed for free trade between some European countries; led to the EU74
6217254594EuroCommon currency between members of the EU75
6217254595PerestroikaAttempts to restructure the Soviet economy to allow elements of free enterprise76
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AP World History Period 1 Flashcards

From Hunting and Gathering to Civilizations, 2.5 million-1000 B.C.E.: Origins
Original from MrsBHatchTEACHER

Terms : Hide Images
7873658488hunting and gatheringMeans of obtaining subsistence by humans before the mastery of sedentary agriculture; normally typical of tribal social organization0
7873658489civilizationSocieties with reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, along with merchant and manufacturing groups1
7873658490neolithicThe New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished2
7873658491nomadic societieslivestock hearding societies that do not have a permanent settlement. normally found on the fringes of civilized (urban) societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies3
7873658492cultureCombination of ideas, objects, and patterns of behavior that result from human social interaction4
7873658493agrarian revolutionOccurred between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture5
7873658494pastoralismA nomadic agricultural lifestyle based on herding domesticated animals; tended to produce independent people capable of challenging sedentary agricultural societies6
7873658496Bronze AgeFrom 4000 to 3000 B.C.E.; increased use of plow, metalworking; development of wheeled vehicles, writing7
7873658497MesopotamiaLiterally "between the rivers"; the civilization that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys8
7873658513Huanghe (Yellow) River BasinSite of the development of sedentary agriculture in China9
7873658517Big GeographyA term that draws attention to the global nature of world history.10
7873658518PaleolithicThe period that ended about 3,000 years after the end of the last Ice Age, it lasted until about 10,000 years ago. (Old Stone Age) The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates the Neolithic period.11
7873658519Human migration during Paleolithic eramovement of humans from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas12
7873658520eglitarianequality among people (no social levels)13
7873658521toolsHumans developed a wider range of ____ specially adapted to different environments from tropics to tundra14
7873658522Neolithic Revolutionperiod of change from hunter-gatherer lifesyle to agricultural lifestyles associated with domestication, farming, and settlement15
7873658523patriarchyfather based/male dominated society16
7873658524climatic changePermanent agricultural villages emerged first in the lands of the eastern Mediterranean, possibly as a response to what?17
7873658525weaponsPastoralists were often the developers and disseminators of of ____ and forms of transportation that transformed warfare in agrarian civilizations18
7873658529Nile RiverThis river flooded regularly.19
7873658530Tigris RiverThis river's floods were unpredictable.20
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Ap World History Jargon Flashcards

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8706232122AbolitionThe legal prohibition and ending of slavery, especially enslavement of Africans in the U.S.0
8706256212AbsolutismThe principle or the exercise of complete and unrestricted power in government1
8706278822AdministerTo manage; have executive charge of2
8706291498AdministrationThe management of an office, business, or organization OR the function of a political state in exercising its governmental duties.3
8706429838Admonish/mentTo caution, advise, or counsel against something OR the urge to a duty; remind4
8706636854Afro-Prefix referring to Afro-Americans or their culture/traditions5
8706680108AgarianRelating to land OR rural agriculture6
8706723887Amer-American7
8706732920Analyze/AnalysisTo break down to determine the elements OR examine critically8
8708122509Anarchism/AnarchyA state or society without government or law9
8708130789AncientReferring to along time ago10
8708166140Anti-SemitismPrejudice/Discrimination against Jews11
8708201031AppeasementTo bring a state of peace; to assuage by relenting something12
8708208585ArableCapable of producing crops; land suitable for farming13
8708220675ArchaeologyThe scientific study of historic of prehistoric peoples and their cultures by analysis of their artifacts14
8708259088ArchaicMarked by characteristics of an earlier period OR pertaining to or designating the style of fine arts15
8708654972ArchitectureCharacter/Style of a building OR the profession of designing buildings16
8708667178-ArchyA suffix meaning "rule" or "government'17
8708696947Argue/ArgumentDebate OR process of reasoning18
8708725740AristocracyClass of people holding exceptional rank and privileges OR a government or state ruled by an aristocracy, elite, or privileged upper class19
8708757813AtheismBelief there is no supreme being(s)20
8708762830AsceticismDoctrine or belief that a person can attain a high spiritual and moral state by practicing self-denial, self-mortification, and the like21
8708779080Authoritarian/-ismFavoring complete obedience or subjection to authority as opposed to individual freedom22
8708804675Balance of PowerA distribution and opposition of forces among nations such that no single nation is strong enough to assert its will or dominate all the others23
8708819254Balance of TradeThe difference in value over a period of time of a country's imports and exports of merchandise24
8708831454BarbarianA person in a savage, primitive state; uncivilized OR non-Greek OR a person living outside the Roman Empire OR a person not living in a christian country/civilization25
8708850062Bordera line that separates a body of land from another26
8708855459BourgeoisieThe class that, in contrast to the proletariat or wage-earning class, is primarily concerned with property values OR the middle class27
8708870516BureaucracyThe body of officials and administrators, especially of a government or government department28
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Human Geography: Geography Flashcards

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8251149906spacegeometric surface of the Earth0
8251149907placean area of bounded space of some human importance1
8251149908regiona type of place2
8251149909toponyma place name3
8251149910sequent occupancythe succession of groups and cultural influences throughout a place's history4
8251149911place-specific cultureex. Sante Fe, Mexico, a complex mix of multiple Native American, Spanish colonial, and modern American influences based upon the sequence of past and current societal influences5
8251149912scalerelationship of an object or place to the earth as a whole6
8251149913map scaledescribes the ratio of distance on a map and distance in the real world in absolute terms7
8251149914relative scale(AKA the scale of analysis) which describes the level of aggregation8
8251149915level of aggregationthe level at which you group things together for examination9
8251149916formal regionan area of bounded space that possesses some homogenous characteristic or uniformity10
8251149917linguistic regioneveryone speaks the same language, but can be very different culturally11
8251149918culture region boundariesThe American "Dixie" south, fuzzy borders12
8251149919political region boundariesBoundary between countries, finite and well-defined13
8251149920Environmental region boundariestransitional and measurable14
8251149921Ecotonethe environmental transition zone between two biomes15
8251149922functional regionareas that have a central place (or node) that is a focus or point of origin that expresses some practical purpose, the influence of this point is strongest in the areas close to the center, and the strength of influence diminishes as distance increases from that point16
8251149923market areaa type of functional region, home pro sport team example, more coverage and media in the city, diminishes as you move away17
8251149924area of influenceoutlet malls, shoppers travelling from longer distances but making a fewer number of trips18
8251149925intervening opportunitythe shoppers who are "just passing through", who see a very brief intervening opportunity to do some discount shopping19
8251149926vernacular regionbased upon the perception or collective mental map of the region's residents20
8251149927absolute locationdefines a point or place on the map using coordinates such as latitude and longitude21
8251149928relative locationrefers to the location of a place compared to a known place or geographic feature, McLean and DC22
8251149929Equator0 latitude23
8251149930North and South Poles90 degrees latitude24
8251149931Prime Meridian0 degrees longitude25
8251149932International Date Line (sort of)180 degrees longitude26
8251149933sitethe physical characteristics of a place, such as the fact that NYC is located on a large, deep water harbor, next to the Atlantic ocean27
8251149934situationrefers to the place's interrelatedness with other places, NYC and New England, port-of-call for Atlantic Circular Trade28
8251149935absolute distancein terms of linear units29
8251149936relative distancein terms of the degree of interaction between places or in units of time traveled30
8251149937distance decaymeans that the further away different places are from a place of origin, the less likely interaction will be with the original place31
8251149938Tobler's Lawa principle that expresses relative distance, states that all places are interrelated, but closer places are more related than further ones32
8251149939friction of distancethe increase in time and cost that usually comes with increasing distance33
8251149940space-time compressiondecresed time and relative distance between places34
8251149941modes of transportationairplanes, reduce travel time between two distant points, and as a result increase interaction35
8251149942central placesany node of human activity36
8251149943Central Place Theorydeveloped in the 1930s by the German geographer Walter Christaller, saw the economic world as an abstract spatial model, in which city location and the level of urban economic exchange could be analyzed using central places within hexagonal market areas, which overlapped each other at different scales37
8251149944core and peripheryMormon culture in Salt Lake City and the greater Western US38
8251149945clusterwhen things are grouped together39
8251149946agglomerationwhen clustering occurs purposefully around a central point or an economic growth pole40
8251149947random patternwhen there is no rhyme or reason to the distribution of a spatial phenomenon41
8251149948scaterredobjects that are normally ordered but appeared dispersed42
8251149949linearif the pattern is a straight line43
8251149950sinuousif the pattern is wavy44
8251149951metes and bounds45
8251149952township and rangebased upon lines of latitude and longitude46
8251149953arithmetic densitythe number of things per square unit of distance47
8251149954agricultural densityrefers to the number of people per square unit of land actively under cultivation48
8251149955physiologic densitymeasures the number of people per square unit of arable (being farmed or could be farmed) land49
8251149956Expansion diffusionthe pattern originates in a central place and then expands outward in all directions to other locations50
8251149957hierarchical diffusionthe pattern originates in a first order location then moves down to second-order locations and from each of these to subordinate locations at increasingly local scales51
8251149958relocation diffusionthe pattern begins at a point of origin and then crosses a significant physical barrier, such as an ocean, mountain range, or desert, then relocates on the other side, often the journey can influence and modify the items being diffused52
8251149959contagiousthe pattern begins at a point of origin and then moves outward to nearby locations, especially those on adjoining transportation lines, this could be used to describe a disease but can also describe the movement of other things, such as news in rural regions53
8251149960stimulus diffusionhere a general and underlying principle diffuses and then stimulates the creation of new products or ideas54
8251149961topographic mapshows the contour lines of elevation, as well as the urban and vegetation surface with road, building, river, and other natural landscape features. These maps are highly accurate in terms of location and topography. They are used for engineering surveys and land navigation, especially in wilderness regions55
8251149962thematic mapa number of different map types: chloropleth maps, isoline maps, dot density maps, flow-line maps, cartograms56
8251149963chloropleth mapsexpress the geographic variability of a particular theme using color variations57
8251149964isoline maps58
8251149965dot-density maps59
8251149966flow-line maps60
8251149967cartograms61
8251149968equal-area projectionsattempt to maintain the relative spatial science and the areas on the map, however these can distort the actual shape of polygons, such as the Lambert projections bending and squishing the northern Canadian islands to keep them at the same map scale as southern Canada on a flat sheet of paper62
8251149969conformal projectionsattempt to maintain the shape of polygons on the map, the downside is that conformal projections can distort the relative area from one part of the map to the other, for instance, in the commonly used Mercator projection, the shape of Greenland is preserved, but it appears to be much larger in size than it actually is63
8251149970Robinson projection and Goode's homolosine projectionmap projections that try to balance area and form, sacrificing a bit of both to create a more visually practical representation on the earth's surface64
8251149971modelan abstract generalization of real-world geographies that share a common pattern65
8251149972spatial modelsattempt to show the commonalities in pattern among similar landscpaes66
8251149973urban modelstry to show how different cities have similar spatial relationships and economic or social structures67
8251149974non-spatial modelsthe demographic transition model, for instance, uses population data to construct a general model of the dynamic growth in national scale populations without reference to space68
8251149975concentric zone modelcost-to-distance relationship in urban real estate prices, the resulting bid-rent curve explains why land prices are relatively low in suburban areas, but exponentially higher in the central business distrcit69
8251149976gravity modela mathematical model that is used in a number of different types of spatial analysis, used to calculate transportation flow between two points, determine the area of influence of a city's businesses, and estimate the flow of migrants to a particular place: Equation - (Location1Population x Location2Population)/Distance^270
8251149977GISGeographical Information Systems, incorporate one r more data layers in a computer program capable of spatial analysis and mapping, data layers are numerical, coded, and textual data that is attributed to specific geographic coordinates or areas71
8251149978GPSGlobal Positioning Systems, utilize a network of satellites, which emit a measurable radio signal, when this signal is available from three or more Navstar satellites, a GPS receiver is able to triangulate a coordinate location and display map data for the user72
8251149979Aerial photography and Satellite based remote sensingmake up a large-amount of the geographic and GIS data used today, aerial photographs are images of the earth from aircraft, printed on film, while remote sensing satellites use a computerized scanner to record data from the earth's surface, these data include not only visual light waverlengths, but also infrared and radar information73
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(Chapter 1) Government in America People, Politics and Policy 15th Edition Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
7185758768GovernmentThe institutions and processes through which public policies are made for a society.0
7185759130PoliticsThe process by which we select our governmental leaders and what policies these leaders pursue.1
7185759728Political ParticipationAll the activities by which citizens attempt to influence the selection of political leaders and the policies they pursue.2
7185761063Policymaking SystemThe process by which policy comes into being and evolves. People's interests, problems, and concerns create political issues for government policymakers. These issues shape policy, generating more interests, problems, and concerns.3
7185762429Linkage InstitutionsThe political channels through which people's concerns become political issues on the policy agenda. (Elections, political parties, interest groups, and media)4
7185763494Policy AgendaThe issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other people involved in politics at a point in time.5
7185764153Political IssueAn issue that arises when people disagree about a problem and how to fix it.6
7185764771Policymaking InstitutionsThe branches of government charged with taking action on political issues. (Congress, the presidency, and the courts - bureaucracy considered the 4th policy making institution)7
7185766089Public PolicyA choice that government makes in response to a political issue.8
7185766710Policy ImpactsThe effects a policy has on people and problems.9
7185767229DemocracyA system of selecting policymakers and of organizing government so that policy represents and responds to the public's preferences.10
7185768141Majority RuleA fundamental principle of traditional democratic theory. In a democracy, choosing among alternatives requires the majority's desire be respected.11
7185769263Minority RightsA principle of traditional democratic theory that guarantees rights to those who do not belong to the majorities.12
7185772043RepresentationA basic principle of traditional democratic theory that describes the relationship between the few leaders and the many followers.13
7185773125PluralismA theory of American democracy emphasizing that the policymaking process is very open to participation of all groups with shared interests, with no single group usually dominating. This group believes that as a result, public interests generally prevail.14
7185775222ElitismA theory of American democracy contending that an upper-class elite holds the power and makes policy, regardless of the formal governmental organization.15
7185775859HyperpluralismA theory of American democracy contending that groups are so strong that government, which gives in to the many different groups, is thereby weakened.16
7185776765Policy GridlockA condition that occurs when interests conflict and no coalition is strong enough to form a majority and establish policy, so nothing gets done.17
7185783823Political CultureAn overall set of values widely shared within a society.18
7185784524Gross Domestic ProductThe sum total of the value of all goods and services produced in a year in a nation.19
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