AP World History Strayer Chapter 18 Flashcards
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| 7026770176 | In what ways did the Industrial Revolution shape the character of 19th-century European Imperialism? | - The enormous productivity of the industrial technology and Europe's growing affluence created the need for extensive raw materials and agricultural products in other parts of the world. - Europe needed to sell its own products and foreign regions provided to be important markets. - European capital sought investment abroad both for the profits that they promised and to stimulate demand for European products to keep the laboring classes fully employed and thus less inclined to cause class conflict. - The Industrial Revolution produced technological innovations like steamboats, rifle, and telegraph. | 0 | |
| 7026785532 | What contributed to changing European views of Asians and Africans in the 19th-century? | 1.) Europeans developed a secular (non-religious) arrogance that fused with or in some cases replaced notions of religious superiority. 2.) Labels like "noble savage", "heathen", and "John Chinamen" expressed degree Europeans looked down on cultures in Asia and Africa. 3.) Increasingly, Europeans viewed culture and achievements of Asia/Africa through new views of racism. Causing European's alleged scientific methods to classify humans, making the white man advanced. 4.) There was a belief that Europeans were the superior race and were fated to rule weaker races. The idea of SOCIAL DARWINISM took plave. | 1 | |
| 7026801480 | In what different ways was colonial rule established in various parts of Africa and Asia? | - The passage to colonial status occurred in various ways. - *India:* conquest grew out of early interaction with European trading. - *Africa/Southeast Asia/Pacific Islands:* competition for resources and markets. - Ultimately European understanding of gaining colonial rule was summed up as "Whatever happens we have got the maxium gun and they have not". | 2 | |
| 7026818007 | Why might subject people choose to cooperate with the colonial regime? What might prompt them to violent rebellion or resistance? | *Cooperation:* - Subject peoples might choose to cooperate for: employment, status, and security found in European-led armed forces. - Local elites could maintain status and privileges and wealth. - European education. *Resistance:* - Local rulers who lost power, landords deprived of rent, peasants overtaxed, unemployment replaced by machines, and religious leaders who were threatened by missionaries are the ones who resisted. | 3 | |
| 7026831037 | What was distinctive about European colonial empires of the 19th-century? | - The prominence of race distinguishing between rulers and ruled. - Extent to which colonial states were able to penetrate societies they governed. - Pendant for counting and classifying subject people. - Policies for administrating their colonies contradicted core values and practices at home to an unusual degree. | 4 | |
| 7026841447 | How did the policies of colonial states change the economic lives of their subjects? | - Some groups found ways of working within and profiting from the colonial system. For example, Farmers who grew cash crop could export to make lots of money. - Demands for colonial state--such as labor--created new ways or working. In famous cruelty of forced labor cost millions of lives and created many rebellions. | 5 | |
| 7026850130 | How did cash-crop agriculture transform the lives of colonized people? | - Environment destruction in Mekong delta due to rice production, exploitation of former slave, and the enormous migration to meet labor shortages. - Other regions: cash-crop agriculture was forced onto local population by the colonial power, burdening people and contributing to famine. - Some farmers benefitted. - Lead to social changes, as the cultivation of crops for market and wage labor on plantations set up to grow cash crops shifted the normal labor patterns. | 6 | |
| 7026862416 | What kinds of wage labor were available in the colonies? Why might people take part in it? How did doing so change their lives? | - Members of colonial societies could find paid work in European-owned plantations and mines. - Participation was driven by the need for money, and by the loss of land adequate to support their families (or by authorities). - Lives became dependent on wages that were low and earned hard. Many settled in overcrowded cities where normal family life was impossible because of the cost of living. | 7 | |
| 7026870037 | How were the lives of African women altered by colonial economies? | - Men dominated farming and cash crops so women assumed responsibility for domestic food and production. - Women's work increased because men went to work on the plantation, so women were left to manage the domestic economy. - Women took on make tasks such as milking, breaking the ground, etc... - Married couples didn't live together - Women traded and had more independence causing them to be accused of witchcraft. | 8 | |
| 7026881347 | Did colonial rule bring "economic progress" in its wake? | - Debatable because "progress" definitions vary. Several important developments took place though. - Colonial rule served to further integrate Asian and African economies globally. - Europeans had their own modernizing (modern administrative, beureacratic structures, communication and transportation, and health care). - Nowhere in colonial world did the breakthrough to modern industrial society of Japanese occur. | 9 | |
| 7026892311 | What impact did Western education have on colonial societies? | - *Minority:* Western education created a new identity. It provided access to better-paying jobs, an escape from European control and forced labor. - It brought elite status in their own communities and there was an opportunity to achieve equality with whites. - Education created a cultural divide in African and Asian societies. - *India:* educated people organized society into renewed Indian culture (no child marriages, caste, etc...) - Education still didn't mean they were equal with the Europeans though. | 10 | |
| 7026906456 | What were the attractions of Christianity within some colonial societies? | - Military defeat shook confidence in old and local gods. - Christianity was widely associated with modern education. - Young, poor, and women found new opportunites and greater freedom. - The spread of the message was the work of African teachers, pastors who brought faith to remote villages, local communities that needed a teacher and supplied labor, and materials to build small church. - CHristianity was Africanized. | 11 | |
| 7026918278 | How and why did Hinduism emerge as a distinct religious tradition during the colonial era in India? | - Only during colonial era did people define region's varied beliefs as is known today as Hinduism. - It was in part an effort to provide for India a religion wholly equivalent to Christianity (tradition of historical worth in spite of colonial rule). - Idea gained in importance because it provided cultural foundation for emerging ideas of India as a nation. | 12 | |
| 7026932185 | In what ways were "race" and "tribe" new identities in colonial Africa? | - Before: Africans recognized themselves based on language, kinship, clan, village, and state. It was NOT clearly defined. - The idea of an Africa sharply divided into seperate and divided "tribes" was a European notion that facilitated colonial administration and reflected their belief of African primitiveness. - Africans found ethnic/tribal label useful. | 13 |
