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AP World History- Empires to know!! Flashcards

This set is by: mrwillett

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6829651806BantuA major African language family. Collective name of a large group of sub-Saharan African languages and of the peoples speaking these languages. Famous for migrations throughout central and southern Africa.0
6829651807MesopotamiaA region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that developed the first urban societies. In the Bronze Age this area included Sumer and the Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires, In the Iron Age, it was ruled by the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian empires.1
6829651808Fertile CrescentThe Tigris and Euphrates Rivers gave life to the first known agricultural villages in this area about 10,000 years ago and the first known cities about 5,000 years ago. Includes Mesopotamia, Palestine, and the Nile.2
6829651809Xia CHINAA legendary Chinese dynasty that was not believed to exist until relatively recently. Walled towns ruled by area-specific kings assembled armies, built cities, and worked bronze. Created pictograms which would evolve in to the first Chinese script.3
6829651810ShangAn early Chinese dynasty. Not a unified Chinese state. Instead rulers and their relatives gave orders through a network of cities. Earliest evidence of Chinese writing comes from this period.4
6829651811ZhouSucceeded the Shang dynasty. Similar to the Shang And Xia dynastic periods in that China was fragmented politically. Yet, despite the lack of true centralization, this was one of the longest Chinese dynasties, lasting about 600 years. It left substantial written records, unlike the preceding dynasties.5
6829651812Yellow RiverAlso known as the Huang-He. The second longest river in China. The majority of ancient Chinese civilizations originated in its valley.6
6829651813Jenne-JenoOne of the first urbanized centers in western Africa. A walled community home to approximately 50,000 people at its height. Evidence suggests domestication of agriculture and trade with nearby regions.7
6829651814TeotihuacanA large central city in the Mesoamerican region. Located about 25 miles Northeast of present day Mexico City. Exhibited city planning and unprecedented size for its time. Reached its peak around the year 450.8
6829651815Great ZimbabweA stone-walled enclosure found in Southeast Africa. Have been associated with trade, farming, and mining.9
6829651816Code of HammurabiA collection of 282 laws. One of the first (but not THE first) examples of written law in the ancient world.10
6829651817HittitesAn ancient Anatolian group whose empire at largest extent consisted of most of the Middle East. Some of the first two-wheeled chariots and iron.11
6829651818ZoroastrianismOne of the first monotheistic religions, particularly one with a wide following. It was central to the political and religious culture of ancient Persia.12
6829651819HellenisticOf or influenced by the Greek Empire. A type of culture typically referred to after the conquests of Alexander the Great.13
6829651820Pax RomanaThe "Roman Peace", that is, the state of comparative concord prevailing within the boundaries of the Roman Empire from the reign of Augustus (27 B.C.E.-14 C.E.) to that of Marcus Aurelius (161-180 C.E.)14
6829651821RepublicA state that is not ruled by a hereditary leader (a monarchy) but by a person or persons appointed under a constitution and in some way claims to be "of the people."15
6829651822Bread and Circuses "Give 'em the old razzel dazzel!"A Roman bribery method of coping with class difference. Entertainment and food was offered to keep plebeians quiet without actually solving unemployment problems.16
6829651823GothsAn array of Germanic peoples, pushed further westward by nomads from central Asia. They in turn migrated west into Rome, upsetting the rough balance of power that existed between Rome and these people.17
6829651824legalismA school of Chinese philosophy. Prominent during Warring States Period. Had great influence on the policies of the Qin dynasty. Based on a pessimistic view of human nature. Social harmony could only be attained through strong government control and the imposition of strict laws, enforced absolutely.18
6829651825Hunslarge nomadic group from northern Asia who invaded territories extending from China to Eastern Europe. They virtually lived on their horses, herding cattle, sheep, and horses as well as hunting.19
6829651826TangContinuing the imperial revival started by the Sui Dynasty this dynasty that followed restored the Chinese imperial impulse four centuries after the decline of the Han, extending control along the silk route. Trade flourished and China finally reached its western limits when its forces were defeated by the imperial armies of the Muslim Abbasid Empire at the Talas River--which stopped future expansion by both empires.20
6829651827Yellow Turban RevoltA 184 C.E. peasant revolt against emperor Ling of Han. Led by Daoists who proclaimed that a new era would be3ing with the fall of the Han. Although this specific revolt was suppressed, it triggered a continuous string of additional outbreaks.21
6829651828Silk RoadConnected China, India, and the Middle East. Traded goods and helped to spread culture.22
6829651829Empress Wuthe only woman to rule China in her own name, expanded the empire and supported Buddhism during the Tang Dynasty.23
6829651830OlmecMesoamerican civilization in lower Mexico around 1500 BCE to about 400 BCE focused. Most remembered for their large stone heads.24
6829651831MayaNever an empire but an extensive and culturally advanced Mesoamerican society with many cities in the Yucatan.25
6829651832Neo-AssyrianThe agressive Mesopotamian empire created after an Assyrian resurgence, which initiated a series of conquests until a combined attack by Medes and Babylon defeated them resulting in the Persian Empire.26
6829651833MycenaeSea-faring Greek kingdom. A major center of Greek Civilization in the 1000s BCE, centuries before Greek's "Golden Age" of Athenian influence. It's center was located about 90 km southwest of Athens.27
6829651834Persian EmpireMesopotamian empire that conquered the existing Median, Lydian, and Babylonian empires, as well as Egypt and many others. Also known as the Achaemenid Empire.28
6829651835PolisForm of government in which power is centralized into a local city-state.29
6829651836Peloponnesian WarConflict between Athens and Sparta30
6829651837Qin1st unified imperial Chinese dynasty31
6829651838Mandate of HeavenA political theory developed during the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China in which those in power were believed to have the the right to rule from divine authority.32
6829651839ConstantinopleCity founded as the second capital of the Roman Empire; later became the capital of the Byzantine Empire33
6829651840ConfucianismChinese ethical and philosophical teachings of Confucius which emphasized education, family, peace, and justice34
6829651841DaoismPhilosophy that teaches that everything should be left to the natural order; rejects many of the Confucian ideas but coexisted with Confucianism in China35
6829651842Babylonian EmpireEmpire in Mesopotamia which was formed by Hammurabi, the sixth ruler of the invading Amorites36
6829651843Byzantine EmpireEastern half of the Roman Empire that survived the fall of the Western half.37
6829651844Warring States Periodthe period from 475 BC until the unification of China under the Qin dynasty, characterized by lack of centralized government in China. It followed the Zhou dynasty.38
6829651845TeotihuacanThe most significant pre-Columbian Mesoamerican city.39
6829651846AkbarThe greatest of the Mughald Emperors. Second half of 1500s. Descendant of Timur. Consolidated power over northern India. Religiously tolerant. Patron of arts, including large mural paintings.40
6829651847SafavidThe _________ Empire that ruled Persia (Iran) between 1502-1736.41
6829651848JizyaPoll tax that non-Muslims had to pay when living within a Muslim empire42
6829651849ConstantinopleA large and wealthy city that was the imperial capital of the Byzantine empire and later the Ottoman empire, now known as Istanbul43
6829651850MestizoA new racial concept that develops in Latin America following the intermixing that occurred between European colonists and the native American population.44
6829651851Divine Right of KingsDoctrine that states that the right of ruling comes from God and not people's consent45
6829651852Glorious RevolutionFollowing the English Civil War, this event involve the British Parliament once again overthrowing their monarch in 1688-1689. James II was expelled and William and Mary were made king and queen. Marks the point at which Parliament made the monarchy powerless, gave themselves all the power, and wrote a bill of Rights. The whole thing was relatively peaceful and thus glorious.46
6829651853EnconmiendaA labor system set up by the Spanish government where Spanish colonists could work the native Americans on their land while compensating them and agreeing to educate some of them and teach them about Christianity. The system was meant to curb exploitation but actually made the exploitation of Native Americans worse.47
6829651854HaciendaSpanish estates in the Americas that were often plantations. They often represent the gradual removal of land from peasant ownership and a type of feudalistic order where the owners of Haciendas would have agreements of loyalty to the capital but would retain control over the actual land. This continued even into the 20th century.48
6829651855ShogunIn feudal Japan, a noble similar to a duke. They were the military commanders and the actual rulers of Japan for many centuries while the Emperor was a powerless spiritual figure.49
6829651856SamuraiA member of the warrior class in premodern feudal Japan50
6829651857AborigineThe general named often used to describe the original inhabitants of Australia.51
6829651858JanissaryA slave soldier of the Ottoman Army52
6829651859SufiA member of the more mystical third sect of Islam famous for their dance and their poetry.53
6829651860EnlightenmentA popular philosophical movement of the 1700s that focused on human reasoning, natural science, political and ethical philosophy.54
6829651861Hundred Years WarWar between France and Britain, lasted 116 years, mostly a time of peace, but it was punctuated by times of brutal violence (1337 to 1453)55
6829651862Colombian ExchangeThe trading of various animals, diseases, and crops between the Eastern and Western hemispheres56
6829651863triangleFrom the 16th to 19th centuries, the flow of goods between the Americas, Europe in Africa is often described with what geometric shape?57
6829651864ColonizationThe expansion of countries into other countries where they establish settlements and control the people58
6829651865Scientific Revolutionperiod in the 16th and 17th centuries where many thinkers rejected doctrines of the past dealing with the natural world in favor of new scientific ideas.59
6829651866MingChinese dynasty between 1368-1644. Economy flourished and the government even explored the Indian Ocean through many expeditions led by Zheng He. Ultimately they were taken over by the Manchurians from the North in 1644.60
6829651867CixiUltraconservative empress in Qing (Manchu) dynasty China. Ruled china in the turbulent late 19th century, not as a true Empress but as an Empress Dowager.61
6829651868League of NationsDiplomatic organization created after World War I. Proposed by Wilson but the US did not join. The organization is widely regarded as a huge failure.62
6829651869CollectivizationThe process seen in the Soviet Union and Communist China to form communal work units for agriculture and manufacturing--from private hands to large, collective, government operations.63
6829651870Khmer EmpireAggressive empire in Cambodia and Laos that collapsed in the 1400's when Thailand conquered Cambodia64
6829651871Pax MongolicaThe period of approximately 150 years of relative peace and stability created by the Mongol Empire.65
6829651872GhanaWest African state that supplied the majority of the world's gold from 500 CE-1400's66
6829651873Mongol EmpireLargest land empire in the history of the world, spanning from Eastern Europe across Asia.67
6829651874Abbasid CaliphateDescendants of the Prophet Muhammad's uncle, al-Abbas, they overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate and ruled an Islamic empire from their capital in Baghdad (founded 762) from 750 to 1258.68
6829651875AshokaThird ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India (r. 270-232 B.C.E.). He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing.69
6829651876Asian TigersCollective name for South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore-nations that became economic powers in the 1970s and 1980s.70
6829651877AztecsAlso known as Mexica, they created a powerful empire in central Mexico (1325-1521 C.E.). They forced defeated peoples to provide goods and labor as a tax.71
6829651878BabylonThe largest and most important city in Mesopotamia. It achieved particular eminence as the capital of the king Hammurabi in the eighteenth century B.C.E. and the Neo-Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar in the sixth century B.C.E. (p. 29)72
6829651879Byzantine EmpireHistorians' name for the eastern portion of the Roman Empire from the fourth century until its downfall to the Ottomans in 1453. Famous for being a center of Orthodox Christianity and Greek-based culture.73
6829651880caliphateIslamic empire ruled by those believed to be the successors to the Prophet Muhammad.74
6829651881ChavinThe first major urban civilization in South America (900-250 B.C.E.). Its capital was located high in the Andes Mountains of Peru. Chavin became politically and economically dominant in a densely populated region.75
6829651882chinampasRaised fields constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields.76
6829651883city stateA small independent state consisting of an urban center and the surrounding agricultural territory. A characteristic political form in early Mesopotamia, Archaic and Classical Greece, Phoenicia, and early Italy.77
6829651884colonialismPolicy by which a nation administers a foreign territory and develops its resources for the benefit of the colonial power.78
6829651885ConfuciusHis doctrine of duty and public service had a great influence on subsequent Chinese thought and served as a code of conduct for government officials. Although his real name was Kongzi (551-479 B.C.E.).79
6829651886CrusadesArmed pilgrimages to the Holy Land by Christians determined to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule. The Crusades brought an end to western Europe's centuries of intellectual and cultural isolation.80
6829651887DaoismChinese religion that believes the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from 'the way' or 'path' of nature.81
6829651888devshirme'Selection' in Turkish. The system by which boys from Christian communities were taken by the Ottoman state to serve as Janissaries.82
6829651889EthiopiaEast African highland nation lying east of the Nile River.83
6829651890GhanaFirst known kingdom in sub-Saharan West Africa between the sixth and thirteenth centuries C.E.84
6829651891Gold CoastRegion of the Atlantic coast of West Africa occupied by modern Ghana; named for its gold exports to Europe from the 1470s onward.85
6829651892Great ZimbabweCity, now in ruins (in the modern African country of Zimbabwe), whose many stone structures were built between about 1250 and 1450, when it was a trading center and the capital of a large state.86
6829651893Gupta EmpirePowerful Indian state based in the Ganges Valley. It controlled most of the Indian subcontinent through a combination of military force and its prestige as a center of sophisticated culture. Often associated with a Golden Age of classical India.87
6829651894HarappaSite of one of the great cities of the Indus Valley civilization of the third millennium B.C.E. It was located on the northwest frontier of the zone of cultivation, and may have been a center for the acquisition of raw materials.88
6829651895HinduismTerm for a wide variety of beliefs and ritual practices that have developed in the Indian subcontinent since antiquity. It has roots in ancient Vedic, Buddhist, and south Indian religious concepts and practices.89
6829651896HittitesA people from central Anatolia who established an empire in Anatolia and Syria in the Late Bronze Age. With wealth from the trade in metals and military power based on chariot forces, they vied with New Kingdom Egypt over Syria.90
6829651897Holy Roman EmpireLoose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor who had little control over the hundreds of princes who elected him. It lasted from 962 to 1806.91
6829651898IncaLargest and most powerful Andean empire. Controlled the Pacific coast of South America from Ecuador to Chile from its capital of Cuzco.92
6829651899LegalismIn China, a political philosophy that emphasized the unruliness of human nature and justified state coercion and control. The Qin ruling class invoked it to validate the authoritarian nature of their regime.93
6829651900MaliEmpire created by indigenous Muslims in western Sudan of West Africa from the thirteenth to fifteenth century. It was famous for its role in the trans-Saharan gold trade.94
6829651901Mauryan EmpireThe first state to unify most of the Indian subcontinent. It was founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 324 B.C.E. and survived until 184 B.C.E. From its capital at Pataliputra in the Ganges Valley it grew wealthy from taxes.95
6829651902MayaMesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar.96
6829651903MingChinese dynasty that followed the overthrow of the Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty in China. Among other things, the emperor Yongle sponsored the building of the Forbidden City and the voyages of Zheng He. It was mostly a time of vibrant economic productivity. It is regarded as the last great Chinese dynasty (1368-1644). In 1644 they fall to Manchurian (Qing Dynasty) from the North who who rule China until the Nationalist revolution in 1911.97
6829651904MinoanProsperous civilization on the Aegean island of Crete in the second millennium B.C.E. Exerted powerful cultural influences on the early Greeks.98
6829651905Mohenjo-DaroLargest city of the Indus Valley civilization. It was centrally located in the extensive floodplain of the Indus River. Little is known about the political institutions of Indus Valley communities, but the large-scale implies central planning.99
6829651906MongolsA people of this name is mentioned as early as the records of the Tang Empire, living as nomads in northern Eurasia. After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia.100
6829651907Mughal EmpireMuslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.101
6829651908Neo-Assyrian EmpireA major Mesopotamian empire between 934-608 BCE. They used force and terror and exploited the wealth and labor of their subjects. They were an iron-age resurgence of a previous bronze age empire.102
6829651909NeolithicThe period of the Stone Age associated with the ancient Agricultural Revolution. It follows the Paleolithic period.103
6829651910OlmecThe first Mesoamerican civilization. Between ca. 1200 and 400 B.C.E., these people of central Mexico created a vibrant civilization that included intensive agriculture, wide-ranging trade, ceremonial centers, and monumental construction.104
6829651911Opium WarsWars between Britain and the Qing Empire (mind 1800s), caused by the Qing government's refusal to let Britain import Opium. China lost and Britain and most other European powers were able to develop a strong trade presence throughout China against their wishes.105
6829651912OttomansTurkish empire based in Anatolia. Arrived in the same wave of Turkish migrations as the Seljuks.106
6829651913PaleolithicThe period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates the Neolithic period.107
6829651914QinA people and state in the Wei Valley of eastern China that conquered rival states and created the first short-lived Chinese empire (221-206 B.C.E.). Their ruler, Shi Huangdi, standardized many features of Chinese society and enslaved his subjects.108
6829651915Qing EmpireEmpire established in China by Manchus who overthrew the Ming Empire in 1644. At various times they also controlled Manchuria, Mongolia, Turkestan, and Tibet. The last emperor of this dynasty was overthrown in 1911 by nationalists.109
6829651916Roman RepublicThe period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate. (p. 148)110
6829651917Safavid EmpireTurkish-ruled Iranian kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi'ite state.111
6829651918Sasanid EmpireThe last of pre-Islamic Persian Empire, from 224 to 651 CE. One of the two main powers in Western Asia and Europe alongside the Roman Empire and later the Byzantine Empire for a period of more than 400 years112
6829651919sepoyA soldier in South Asia, especially in the service of the British.113
6829651920Sepoy MutinyThe revolt against the British by many different groups across India 1857 but led particularly by some of the disgruntled Indian soldiers working for the British. It caused the British government to take over more direct control of India from the British East India Company.114
6829651921ShangThe dominant people in the earliest Chinese dynasty for which we have written records (ca. 1750-1027 B.C.E.). Ancestor worship, divination by means of oracle bones, and the use of bronze vessels for ritual purposes were major elements of this culture.115
6829651922Shi HuangdiFounder of the short-lived Qin dynasty and creator of the Chinese Empire (r. 221-210 B.C.E.). He is remembered for his ruthless conquests of rival states and standardization.116
6829651923Song DynastyEmpire in southern China (1127-1279) while the Jin people controlled the north. Distinguished for its advances in technology, medicine, astronomy, and mathematics.117
6829651924SumeriansThe people who dominated southern Mesopotamia through the end of the third millennium B.C.E. They were responsible for the creation of many fundamental elements of Mesopotamian culture-such as irrigation technology, cuneiform, and religious conceptions.118
6829651925Taiping RebellionThe most destructive civil war in China before the twentieth century. A Christian-inspired rural rebellion threatened to topple the Qing Empire. Leader claimed to be the brother of Jesus.119
6829651926Tamil KingdomsThe kingdoms of southern India, inhabited primarily by speakers of Dravidian languages, which developed in partial isolation, and somewhat differently, from the Aryan north.120
6829651927Tang EmpireEmpire unifying China and part of Central Asia, founded 618 and ended 907. The Tang emperors presided over a magnificent court at their capital, Chang'an.121
6829651928Umayyad CaliphateFirst hereditary dynasty of Muslim caliphs (661 to 750). From their capital at Damascus, the Umayyads ruled one of the largest empires in history that extended from Spain to India. Overthrown by the Abbasid Caliphate.122
6829651929Yuan EmpireHe created this dynasty in China and Siberia. Khubilai Khan was head of the Mongol Empire and grandson of Genghis Khan.123
6829651930ZoroastrianismA religion originating in ancient Iran. It centered on a single benevolent deity-Ahuramazda, Emphasizing truth-telling, purity, and reverence for nature, the religion demanded that humans choose sides between good and evil124
6829651931BBAchaemenid EmpireThe name of an ancient Persian Empire (c. 550-330 BCE) which was composed of many smaller kingdoms. The realm was divided into twenty-three satrapies whose administration and taxation was managed by subordinate local rulers.125
6829651932Mongol Empirean empire founded in the 12th century by Genghis Khan, which reached its greatest territorial extent in the 13th century, encompassing the larger part of Asia and extending westward to the Dnieper River in eastern Europe.126
6829651933Ottoman EmpireIslamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia ca. 1300. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire.127
6829651934Portuguese Empiretook lead in European exploration (sponsored by Prince Henry); went East and found gold in Africa (the Cape of Good hope) and India for spice trade128
6829651935Qin Dynastythe Chinese dynasty (from 246 BC to 206 BC) that established the first centralized imperial government and built much of the Great Wall129
6829651936Qing Dynastythe last imperial dynasty of China (from 1644 to 1912) which was overthrown by revolutionaries. Also known for its extreme isolationism.130
6829651937Roman EmpireExisted from 27 BCE to about 400 CE. Conquiered entire Mediterranean coast and most of Europe. Ruled by an emperor. Eventually oversaw the rise and spread of Christianity.131
6829651938Shang DynastySecond Chinese dynasty (about 1750-1122 B.C.) which was mostly a farming society ruled by an aristocracy mostly concerned with war. They're best remembered for their art of bronze casting.132
6829651939Songhay EmpireA state located in western Africa from the early 15th to the late 16th centuries following the decline of the Mali Empire.133
6829651940SpartaGreek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts134
6829651941Taj Mahalbeautiful mausoleum at Agra built by the Mogul emperor Shah Jahan (completed in 1649) in memory of his favorite wife135
6829651942Song DynastyDuring this Chinese dynasty (960 - 1279 AD) China saw many important inventions. There was a magnetic compass; had a navy; traded with india and persia (brought pepper and cotton); paper money, gun powder; landscape black and white paintings136
6829651943TimbuktuCity on the Niger River in the modern country of Mali. It was founded by the Tuareg as a seasonal camp sometime after 1000. As part of the Mali empire, Timbuktu became a major major terminus of the trans-Saharan trade and a center of Islamic learning.137
6829651944Trans Saharan traderoute across the sahara desert. Major trade route that traded for gold and salt, created caravan routes, economic benefit for controlling dessert, camels played a huge role in the trading138
6829651945Umayyad DynastyWho: Governor of Syria, Muawiya, and his successors, Shi'ites, Sunnis, Kharijites, Uthman. What: Dynasty based on succession rather than election following the first period of caliphates. Continued advances in the kingdom, venturing as far as China and deep into Asia, claiming Afghanistan for a Muslim base. Fell apart due to tension in the kingdom between the Sunnis, Shi'ites, and Kharijites, the malawis (Muslim converts) and born Muslims, and the religion and state. When: 661-750 Where: Middle East, Damascus Why: Beginning of great strife in the Muslim community139
6829651946Mughal Empirean Islamic imperial power that ruled a large portion of Indian subcontinent which began in 1526, invaded and ruled most of Hindustan (South Asia) by the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and ended in the mid-19th century.140
6829651947PhoeniciansSemitic-speaking Canaanites living on the coast of modern Lebanon and Syria in the first millennium B.C.E. Famous for developing the first alphabet, which was adopted by the Greeks. From major cities such as Tyre and Sidon, these merchants and sailors explored the Mediterranean, and engaged in widespread commerce.141
6829651948Ghengis KhanThe title of Temujin when he ruled the Mongols (1206-1227). It means the 'universal' leader. He was the founder of the Mongol Empire.142
6829651949Zhou DynastyA decentralized Chinese dynasty in China because of the massive size, and whose emperor was the first to claim to be a link between heaven and earth. Iron metallurgy increased in this dynasty.143
6829651950Umayyad Caliphate(661-750 CE) The Islamic caliphate that established a capital at Damascus, conquered North Africa, the Iberian Pennisula, Southwest Asia, and Persia, and had a bureaucracy with only Arab Muslims able to be a part of it.144
6829651951Sui Dynasty(589-618 CE) The Chinese dynasty that was like the Qin Dynasty in imposing tight political discipline; this dynasty built the Grand Canal which helped transport the rice in the south to the north.145
6829651952Tang Dynasty(618-907 CE) The Chinese dynasty that was much like the Han, who used Confucianism. This dynasty had the equal-field system, a bureaucracy based on merit, and a Confucian education system.146
6829651953Neo-ConfucianismThe Confucian response to Buddhism by taking Confucian and Buddhist beliefs and combining them into this. However, it is still very much Confucian in belief.147
6829651954Silla DynastyThe dynasty in Korea that rallied to prevent Chinese domination in the seventh century CE.148
6829651955Genghis KhanAlso known as Temujin; he united the Mongol tribes into an unstoppable fighting force; created largest single land empire in history.149
6829651956Yuan Dynasty(1279-1368 CE) The dynasty with Mongol rule in China; centralized with bureaucracy but structure is different: Mongols on top->Persian bureaucrats->Chinese bureuacrats.150
6829651957MaliThe kingdom in West Africa that followed the Kingdom of Ghana; its wealth is also based on trans-Saharan trade; this kingdom encouraged the spread of Islam.151
6829651958Silk RoadA system of ancient caravan routes across Central Asia, along which traders carried silk and other trade goods.152
6829651959MIng DynastySucceeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China.153
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AP World History: Ancient World Flashcards

First set of words in the AP World History book by the Princeton Review.

Terms : Hide Images
10228314855AgricultureThe deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.0
10228314856Agrarianpertaining to land or its cultivation; Ex. agrarian reform, agrarian society1
10228314857Bands/ Clansextended family groups that generally lived together2
10228314858Barbarianwithout civilizing influences3
10228314859Bureaucracysystem of managing government through departments run by appointed officials (not elected)4
10228314860Civilizationa society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)5
10228314861City-Statesdifferent sections of land owned by the same country but ruled by different rulers (e.g. Greece)6
10228314862Classicalof or characteristic of a form or system felt to be of first significance before modern times7
10228314863Domesticationprocess of changing plants or animals to make them more useful to humans8
10228314864Economysystem by which goods and services are produced and distributed to meet people's needs9
10228314865Egalitariana person who believes in the equality of all people10
10228314866Emperorsupreme ruler of an empire11
10228314867Empiremany territories, countries, or peoples controlled by one government (also just any territory ruled by an emperor)12
10228314868Feudalisma political system and a social system where by a powerful lord would offer "protection" in return for "service"13
10228314869Foragingthe process of scavenging for food14
10228314870Hierarchya series of ordered groupings of people or things within a system15
10228314871HierarchicalOf, relating to, or arranged in a hierarchy16
10228314872Hunter-GathererA hunter-gatherer society is one whose primary subsistence method involves the direct procurement of edible plants and animals from the wild, foraging and hunting without significant recourse to the domestication of either plants nor animals17
10228314873Irrigationsupplying dry land with water by means of ditches, sprinklers, etc.18
10228314874Monarchya government in which power is in the hands of a single person who usually inherits their power19
10228314875Monotheismbelief in a single God20
10228314876NeolithicThe New Stone Age from circa 8500 to 4500 BCE: The period of the Stone Age associated with the ancient Agricultural Revolution(s)21
10228314877Nomadic(of groups of people) tending to travel and change settlements frequently22
10228314878Pastoralrelating to shepherds or herdsmen or devoted to raising sheep or cattle (e.g. pastoral peoples)23
10228314879PaleolithicThe Old Stone Age from circa 750,00 to 500,000 years BCE to 8,500 years BCE: The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans and the development of minor tools24
10228314880Philosophythe rational investigation of questions about existence, knowledge, and ethics25
10228314881Polytheismbelief in multiple Gods26
10228314882River Valleythe fertile land surrounding a river- the first civilizations arose near them27
10228314883Sedentaryremaining in one place28
10228314884Settlementthe act of colonizing or a small group of people in a sedentary position29
10228314885Subsistencethe necessities of life, the resources of survival30
10228314886Surplusa quantity much larger than is needed31
10228314887Sustenancethe act of sustaining life by food or providing a means of subsistence32
10228314888Theocracygovernment run by religious leaders33
10228314889Traditionalconsisting of or derived from tradition; customary practices34
10228314890Urbanizationthe social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban35
10228314891Vassalslesser lords who pledged their service and loyalty to a greater lord -- in a military capacity36
10228314892Alexander the Greatking of Macedon, conqueror of Greece, Egypt, and Persia; founder of Alexandria (356-323 BC)37
10228314893Analects of Confucius"something that is repeated" - a collection of Confucius' famous sayings38
10228314894Bronze Agea period between the Stone and Iron ages, characterized by the manufacture and use of bronze tools and weapons39
10228314895Byzantiumthe civilization that developed from the eastern Roman Empire following the death of the emperor Justinian (C.E. 565) until the fall of Constantinople (C.E.1453)40
10228314896Calendara system of timekeeping that defines the beginning and length and divisions of the year41
10228314897Code of Hammurabithe set of laws drawn up by Babylonian king Hammurabi dating to the 18th century BC, the earliest legal code known in its entirety42
10228314898CuneiformOne of the first written languages known: A system of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represented words or syllables. It originated in Mesopotamia and was used initially for Sumerian and Akkadian but later was adapted to represent other languages of western Asia.43
10228314899Democracya political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them44
10228314900Eight Fold PathEight steps to end suffering and attain enlightenment according to Buddhist tradition.45
10228314901Four Noble Truthsas taught by the Buddha, the four basic beliefs that form the foundation of Buddhism46
10228314902Gothic MigrationsThe Migration period, also called the Barbarian Invasions or German: Völkerwanderung (wandering of the peoples), was a period of human migration that occurred roughly between the years 300 to 700 CE in Europe, marking the transition from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages. These movements were catalyzed by profound changes within both the Roman Empire and the so-called 'barbarian frontier'. Migrating peoples during this period included the Goths, Vandals, Bulgars, Alans, Suebi, Frisians, and Franks, among other Germanic and Slavic tribes.47
10228314903Great Walla fortification 1,500 miles long built across northern China in the 3rd century BC48
10228314904Han Dynastyimperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time from 206 BC to AD 220) and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy49
10228314905HellenismThe ideals and principles that spread from Greece through much of the ancient world. Much of its influence such as philosophy, athletics, and architecture penetrated the Middle East.50
10228314906The HunsFierce warriors from Central Asia- First invaded southeastern Europe and then launched raids on nearby kingdoms51
10228314907Indian Ocean Tradeconnected to Europe, Africa, and China.; worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion.52
10228314908Iron Agethe period following the Bronze Age; characterized by rapid spread of iron tools and weapons53
10228314909Jewish DiasporaA "scattering" of the Jewish people54
10228314910LegalismIn Chinese history, Legalism was one of the main philosophic currents during the Warring States Period- A philosophy of focusing on the text of written law to the exclusion of the intent of law, elevating strict adherence to law over justice, mercy and common sense55
10228314911Pax RomanaA period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180.56
10228314912PyramidsHuge stone tombs with four triangle-shaped walls that met in a point on top57
10228314913Roman RepublicThe period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate.58
10228314914Roman Senatea council of wealthy and powerful Romans that advised the city's leaders59
10228314915Shang CivilizationChina's first dynasty almost 2000 BCE60
10228314916Shi Huang Diharsh ruler who united China for the first time and used legalism in ruling (Qin China)61
10228314917Siddhartha Gautamafounder of Buddhism; born a prince; left his father's wealth to find the cause of human suffering; also know as Buddha62
10228314918Silk Road TradeThe most famous of the trading routes established by pastoral nomads connecting the Chinese, Indian, Persian, and Mediterranean civilizations; transmitted goods and ideas among civilization.63
10228314919The Torahthe most sacred text of Judaism64
10228314920The Vedas of HinduismAryan hymns originally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century B.C.E.65
10228314921Zigguratsa temple or tomb of the ancient Assyrians, Sumerians, or Babylonians, having the form of a terraced pyramid of successively receding stories66
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AP World History - Period 5 Flashcards

AP World History period 5: 1750-1900.

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6983173099What made fossil fuel exploitation possible? What types of fossil fuels were most commonly used between 1750 and 1900?Development of machines (steam and internal combustion engines); coal and oil0
6983173100The "____________________" revolution greatly increased the energy available to human societies."fossil fuels"1
6983173101What are 2 important changes that occurred as a result of the development of the factory system?1. Concentrated labor into a single location 2. Led to increased degree of specialization of labor2
6983173102Where did the new methods of production spread from? Where did they spread to?Spread from Northwest Europe to other parts of Europe, the United States, Russia, and Japan.3
6983173103When was the "second industrial revolution"? What methods of production did it involve?Second half of the nineteenth century; new methods of production in steel, chemicals, electricity, and precision machiery4
6983173104What led to new patterns of global trade further integration of the global economy between 1750 and 1900?Industrialists sought raw materials and new markets for the increasing amount and array of goods produced in their factories.5
6983173105What needs led to the growth of export economies that specialized in "single natural resources"? Examples? What were the profits used for?Need of raw materials and greater food supply; profits used to purchase finished goods. Ex. cotton, palm oil, sugar, wheat, meat, guano, metals, and minerals6
6983173106What led to the decline of agriculturally based economies between 1750 and 1900? Example?Rapid increase of productivity caused by industrial production; Ex. textile production in India7
6983173107The rapid development of industrial production encouraged industrialized states to seek out new _____________________ for their finished goods. Provide some examples:"consumer markets"; Ex. British and French attempts to "open" the Chinese economy8
6983173108What led to the development of extensive mining centers between 1750 and 1900? Examples?Metals and global demand for gold, silver, and diamonds; Ex. copper mines in Mexico and gold/diamond mines in South Africa9
6983173109Who provided the ideological inspiration for economic changes between 1750 and 1900?Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill10
6983173110What "financial instruments" came into extensive use between 1750 and 1900?Stock markets, insurance, gold standard, and limited liability corporations11
6983173111What major transportation and communication developments occurred between 1750 and 1900?Railroads, steamships, telegraphs, and canals12
6983173112What gains did newly developed workers' organization hope to achieve?Better working conditions, limited hours, and gain increased wages13
6983173113Why did some workers promote alternative visions of society? Examples?Opposed capitalist exploitation of workers; Ex. Utopian socialism, Marxism, and anarchism14
6983173114What imperial governments from the era 1750-1900 resisted economic change and attempt to maintain pre-industrial forms of economic production?Qing China and Ottoman Empires15
6983173115What are some examples of state-sponsored visions of industrialization?Economic reforms in Meiji Japan, development of factories and railroads in Tsarist Russia, China's Self-Strengthening movement, and Muhammad Ali's development of a cotton textile industry in Egypt16
6983173116What are some examples of reforms that some regions instituted in response to criticism of global capitalism?State pensions and public health in Germany, expansion of suffrage in Britain and public education17
6983173117What new classes developed between 1750 and 1900?Middle class and industrial working class18
6983173118What changes occurred in family life and gender roles between 1750 and 1900?Family dynamics, gender roles, and demographics changed19
6983173119What changes occurred as a result of rapid urbanization between 1750 and 1900?Unsanitary conditions and new forms of community20
6983173120Which states' existing colonies were strengthened between 1750 and 1900?British in India and the Dutch in Indonesia21
6983173121Which states established new empires throughout Asia and the Pacific between 1750 and 1900?British, Dutch, French, Germans, Russians, Americans, and Japanese22
6983173122Which states' influence declined between 1750 and 1900?Spain and Portugal23
6983173123Which states established settler colonies between 1750 and 1900? Where?Britain - South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand France - Algeria24
6983173124What economic practice did many powerful states employ outside of their established empire between 1750 and 1900? Examples?Economic imperialism; Ex. British and French in China with the Opium Wars, or British and U.S. heavy investment in Latin America25
6983173125What influenced the emergence of Meiji Japan?Expansion of U.S. and European influence over Tokugawa Japan26
6983173126Who emulated European transoceanic imperialism between 1750 and 1900?The United States and Russia27
6983173127How was the Ottoman Empire affected by anti-imperial resistance? Examples?Led to the contraction of the Ottoman Empire; Ex. establishment of independent states in the Balkans, semi-independence in Egypt, French & Italian colonies in North Africa, and British influence in Egypt28
6983173128What are some examples of states that developed at the edges of existing empires between 1750 and 1900?Cherokee nation, Siam, Hawai'i, and the Zulu Kingdom29
6983173129What new ideology helped to foster new communal identities between 1750 and 1900? Examples?Nationalism; Ex. German nation, Filipino nationalism, and Liberian nationalism30
6983173130How was imperialism often justified?New racial ideologies; Ex. Social Darwinism31
6983173131What are the defining characteristics "enlightenment thought" and role did it play in politics between 1750 and 1900?Questioned established traditions in all areas of life; preceded revolutions and rebellions against government32
6983173132List some examples of "thinkers" (intellectuals) from the enlightenment era. What did they encourage? What did they critique? What did their political ideas focus on?Voltaire & Rosseau; encouraged observation and inference; critiqued role religion played in public life; political ideas focused on individual, natural rights, and the social contract33
6983173133List 3 important examples of revolutionary documents from the enlightenment era:1. American Declaration of Independence 2. French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen 3. Bolivar's Jamaica Letter34
6983173134What major social and political shifts did Enlightenment thinking inspire between 1750 and 1900?expansion of rights, abolition of slavery, and the end of serfdom35
6983173135Between 1750 and 1900, newly imagined national communities were built around a sense of commonality typically based on what four things?1. language 2. religion 3. social customs 4. territory36
6983173136What centralized imperial governments witnessed rebellions/revolutions between 1750 and 1900?Wahhabi rebellion against Ottomans Challange of Marathas to Mughal sultans37
6983173137American colonial rebellions facilitated the emergence of independent states in what regions?U.S., Haiti, and mainland Latin America38
6983173138What are the 4 major independence movements that occurred between 1750 and 1900?1. American Revolution 2. French Revolution 3. Haitian Revolution 4. Latin American independence movements39
6983173139What areas witnessed significant slave resistance between 1750 and 1900?Brazil, Cuba, and the Guyanas40
6983173140Name two anticolonial movements that occurred in Asia between 1750 and 1900? What inspired these movements?Indian Revolt and Boxer Rebellion; questions about political authority and growing nationalism41
6983173141Name several important rebellions between 1750-1900 that were based on religious beliefs/millenarianism.Taiping Rebellion, The Ghost Dance, and the Xhosa Cattle-Killing Movement42
6983173142What are some examples of imperial reforms that were implemented in response increasing rebellions between 1750 and 1900?Tanzimat Movement and the Self-Strengthening Movement43
6983173143What new political ideologies were inspired by the rebellions of 1750-1900?liberalism, socialism, and communism44
6983173144What are some examples of the challenges to gender hierarchies between 1750 and 1900?demands for women's suffrage and an emergent feminism45
6983173145What influenced migration between 1750 and 1900?changes in demography that presented challenges to existing living patterns46
6983173146What contributed to global rise in population between 1750 and 1900?Changes in food production and improving medical conditions47
6983173147What influenced the significant global urbanization of the 19th century?The nature of new modes of transportation48
6983173148What sorts of individuals chose to relocate in search of work between 1750 and 1900?manual laborers and specialized professionals49
6983173149What types of labor did the global capitalist community continue to rely on between 1750 and 1900? List some examples.coerced and semi-coerced labor migration; Ex. slavery, Chinese and Indian indentured servitude, and convict labor50
6983173150Provide some example of temporary and seasonal migrants who returned to their home societies rather than permanently relocating.Japanese agricultural workers in the Pacific, Lebanese merchants in the Americas, and Italians in Argentina51
6983173151Why did migrant workers of the 19th century tend to be male? How did this change women's roles in the home societies?due to the physical nature of the labor in demand; left women to take on roles in the home society that were previously occupied by men52
6983173152What are some examples of ethnic enclaves created by migrants in different parts of the world?Chinese in SE Asia, the Caribbean, and the Americas; Indians in E & S Africa, the Caribbean, and SE Asia53
6983173153What role did ethnic enclaves play in migrants' lives?transplanted culture and facilitated the development of migrant support networks54
6983173154What are some of the ways in which receiving societies reacted to immigrants?1. ethnic and racial prejudice 2. regulation of the increasing flow of people across their borders55
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AP world history Flashcards

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8596524926city-statea city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.0
8596524927fertile cresenta region in southwest asia location of worlds first civilization includes region of mesopatamia.1
8596529355mesopotamialand between 2 rivers- tigris and Euphrates, where Sumerian civilization emerges. Very agriculturally fertile region2
8596537679polytheismbelief in many gods3
8596639610River valley civilizationsthe earliest civilizations, developed along the banks of rivers where fertile land was abundant4
8596639611AryansIndo-European nomadic people who traveled into India and settled in the region5
8596639612Caste Systemdivided Indian society into groups based on a person's birth, wealth, or occupation6
8596639613Indus River Valleymajor river valley in Asia which flows through what is today Pakistan7
8596639614MonotheismBelief in one God8
8596639615Nile Valley Civilizationcalled the Greatest River Valley Civilization; Nile River provided food, transportation, irrigation and fertilized the soil w/ predictable flooding9
8596639616pharaohA ruler of ancient Egypt10
8596639617Mandate of heaven(n.) an authoritative command, formal order, authorization; (v.) to issue such an order the belief that the Chinese king's right to rule came from the gods11
8596639618MaizeAn early form of corn grown by Native Americans12
8596639619Oracle BonesAnimal bones or shells used by the Chinese priests to receive messages from the gods13
8596639620Yellow Rivera large river in northern China, where Chinese civilization developed14
8596639621Zhou Dynastythe imperial dynasty of China from 1122 to 221 BC; notable for the rise of Confucianism and Taoism15
8596639622Alexander the GreatKing of Macedonia who conquered Greece, Egypt, and Persia16
8596639623AristotleA Greek Philosopher, taught Alexander the Great, started a famous school, studied with Plato17
8596639624AthensA Greek city-state and the birthplace of democracy.18
8596639625DemocracyGovernment by the people, both directly or indirectly, with free and frequent elections.19
8596639626HammurabiKing of Babylon who published the code of Hammurabi which are a number of laws that proclaim the king's commitment to social order.20
8596639627HellenisticRelating to the culture that blended Greek with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences21
8596639628MycenaeansAn Indo-European people who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C.22
8597212044Satrapythe territory governed by an official known as a satrap23
8597212045SocratesGreek philosopher; socratic method--questioning; sentenced to death for corrupting Athens youth24
8597212046Zoroastrianismsystem of religion founded in Persia in the 6th century BC by Zoroaster noun25
8597212047Fall of the Roman Empire476 C.E. due to economic instability, invasions by tribes/barbarians26
8597212048Julius CaesarAmbitious leader who brought order to Rome27
8597212049oligarchone of several people who rule a country or empire together, sharing the power28
8597212050paterfamilias"father of the family" Head of household in Ancient Rome29
8597212051Pax RomanaA period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180.30
8597212052Romethe capital city of the Roman civilization, founded about 700 B.C.E.31
8597212053Roman Republicthe ancient Roman state from 509 BC until Augustus assumed power in 27 BC32
8597212054ConfuciusFounder of Confucianism33
8597212055Civil Service Examsexams given to people to become government officials "qualifications"34
8597212056DaoismA religion in China which emphasizes the removal from society and to become one with nature.35
8597212057Han dynastyDynasty which emerged in 202 BC which chose officials by merit. Confucian philosophy was key36
8597212058LaoziA legendary Chinese philosopher of the sixth century B.C.E.; regarded as the founder of Daoism.37
8597212059Legalismthe belief that people were bad by nature and needed to be controlled38
8597212060Qin Dynasty(221-207 BCE) The first centralized dynasty of China that used Legalism as its base of belief.39
8597212061Qin Shi HuangdiChinese Emperor; ordered the building of the Great Wall of China to keep out invaders from the North. Founder of the Qin40
8597212062samuraiClass of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land.41
8597212063Warring States PeriodPeriod in China from 403 to 221 B.C.E. that was typified by disorder and political chaos.42
8597212064Gupta EmpireGolden Age of India; ruled through central government but allowed village power; restored Hinduism; Centralized form of government.43
8597212065Indo-AryanIndo-European tribes who moved in slow waves into India in about 1750 B.C.44
8597212066Mahabharataa sacred epic Sanskrit poem of India dealing in many episodes with the struggle between two rival families45
8597212067Mauryan EmpireThis was the first centralized empire of India whose founder was Chandragupta Maurya.46
8597212068RamayanaA Hindu epic written in Sanskrit that describes the adventures of the king Rama and his queen47
8597212069VedasCollections of hymns, songs, prayers, and rituals honoring the various gods of the Aryans.48
8597212070Brahminin Aryan society, a member of the social class made up of priests49
8597212071Castessocial groups into which people are born and cannot change50
8597212072dharmaIn Hindu belief, a person's religious and moral duties51
8597212073the Eightfold Paththe 8 steps people must take in order to end suffering and reach nirvana52
8597212074HinduismA religion native to India, featuring belief in many gods and reincarnation53
8597212075MeditationA mental exercise for producing relaxation or heightened awareness.54
8597212076NirvanaThe state of englightenment for Buddhists.55
8597212077Siddhartha GautamaFounder of Buddhism56
8597212078the Buddhafounder of Buddhism, born an Indian prince named Siddharta Gautama57
8597212079the Four Noble TruthsAccording to Buddha, four principles for living that lead to happiness58
8597212080AbrahamFounder of Judaism59
8597212081Byzantine Empireempire that grew from the eastern part of the former Roman Empire; lasted until around 140060
8597212082CovenantAn agreement between God and his people61
8597212083diasporathe scattering of people who have a common background or beliefs In history it was the Jew62
8597212084JesusFounder of Christianity63
8597212085MonasticismThe practice of living the life of a monk64
8597212086MosesLed the Exodus of the Hebrews from Egypt; received the 10 commandments65
8597212087Torah(Judaism) the scroll of parchment on which the first five books of the Hebrew Scripture is written66
8597212088Talmudcollection of Jewish law and tradition67
8597212089YHVHThe Original Hebrew word translated as LORD in many Bibles68
8597212090AbbasidDynasty that succeeded the Umayyads as caliphs within Islam; came to power in 750 C.E.69
8597212091Abu Bakrfirst caliph after death of Muhammad70
8597212092crusadea military expedition; a campaign for a cause; Usually Caused by religion71
8597212093Dar al-Islama term used by Muslims to refer to those countries where Muslims can practice their religion freely.72
8597212094Delhi Sultanatecentralized Indian empire of varying extent, created by Muslim invaders.73
8597212095Ghanathe first West African kingdom based on the gold and salt trade74
8597212096hajjA pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims75
8597212097Islamthe religion of Muslims collectively which governs their civilization and way of life76
8597212098Malia landlocked republic in northwestern Africa77
8597212099MeccaHoly city of Islam78
8597212100MuhammadArab prophet; founder of religion of Islam.79
8597212101MosqueA Muslim place of worship80
8597212102QuranThe holy book of Islam81
8597212103shari'athe code of law derived from the Koran and from the teachings and example of Mohammed82
8597212104Black DeathA deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 135183
8597212105Chinggis Khan(1162-1227); Mongol ruler; defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms84
8597212106Ibn BattutaArab traveler who described African societies and cultures in his travel records85
8597212107lateen sailtriangular sail that made it possible to sail against the wind; used in the Indian Ocean trade86
8597212108Marco PoloItalian explorer who wrote about his travels to Central Asia and China.87
8597212109Pax MongolicaThe period of approximately 150 years of relative peace and stability created by the Mongol Empire.88
8597212110Silk RoadCaravan routes connecting China and the Middle East across Central Asia and Iran.89
8597212111SwahiliBantu language with Arabic loanwords spoken in coastal regions of East Africa.90
8597212112TemujinGenghis Khan91
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AP World History : Chapter 13 - Vocabulary Flashcards

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6188466382Caesaropapism - Social Pg. 320The idea of combining the power of secular government with the religious power0
6188484598Corpus iuris civilis - Political Pg. 321The modern name for a collection of fundamental works in Jurisprudence; a collection of Roman laws issued by Justinian1
6188484599"Greek fire" - Economic Pg. 323A combustible compound emitted by a flame-throwing weapon and used to set light to enemy ships. It was first used by the Greeks besieged in Constantinople (673-78)2
6188486500Schism - Political Pg. 335A split or division between strongly opposed sections or parties, caused by differences in opinion or belief.3
6188486501Saint Cyril - Cultural, Interaction Pg. 339One of the two brothers from Thessaloniki in Greece; conducted missions with his brother in Bulgaria and Moravia.4
6188487905Saint Methodius - Cultural, Interaction Pg. 339One of the two brothers from Thessaloniki in Greece; Christian theologist; Christian missionary5
6188487906Sasanids - Politcal Pg. 319The last line of Persian kings before the Arab conquest6
6188487907Hagia Sophia - Cultural Pg. 321Once the central church building of the Eastern Orthodox Church, Hagia Sophia is now a museum. It has an enormous, magnificent dome, and the inside walls are decorated with mosaics7
6188489994Theme system - Social Pg. 323Placed an imperial province under the jurisdiction of a general, who assumed responsibility for both its military defense and its civil administration8
6188489995Iconoclasm - Political Pg. 332The action of attacking or assertively rejecting cherished beliefs and institutions or established values and practices9
6188491724Fourth crusade - Political Pg. 337a Western European armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III, originally intended to conquer Muslim-controlled Jerusalem by means of an invasion through Egypt10
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AP World History Periodization Flashcards

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9509129020Big geography and the peopling of Earth.Period 10
9509129021The Neolithic revolution and early agricultural societies.Period 11
9509129022The development and interactions of early agricultural, pastoral, and urban societies.Period 12
9509129023The development and codification of religious and cultural tradition.Period 23
9509129024The development of states and empires.Period 24
9509129025Emergence of interregional networks of communication and exchange.Period 25
9509129026Expansion and intensification of communication and exchange networksPeriod 36
9509129027Continuity and innovation of state forms and their interactions.Period 37
9509129028Increased economic productive capacity and its consequences.Period 38
9509129029Globalization networks of communication and exchangePeriod 49
9509129030New forms of social organization and modes of production.Period 410
9509129031State consolidation and imperial expansion.Period 411
9509129032Industrialization and global capitalism.Period 512
9509129033Imperialism and nation-state formation.Period 513
9509129034Nationalism, revolutions, and reformPeriod 514
9509129035Global migration.Period 515
9509129036Science and the environment.Period 616
9509129037Global conflicts and their consequences.Period 617
9509129038New conceptualizations of global economy, society, and their culture.Period 618
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AP World History Chapter 4 Terms Flashcards

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7041241010Mandate of HeavenA concept in China: The ruler had moral authority so long as the heavenly powers granted it to him on the basis of his good character. A well-functioning government was evidence that the ruler possessed the Mandate of Heaven. A poorly functioning government showed that the Mandate had passed away0
7041252318ZimbabwesStone-walled enclosures or buildings built during the African Iron Age in the region of modern Zimbabwe and Mozambique. The structures were the courts of local rulers. They have been associated with foreign trade, integrated farming and animal husbandry, and gold production. The Great Zimbabwe is the ruins of the former capital of the Monomatapa Empire, situated in Zimbabwe and occupied from around the thirteenth to the sixteenth century AD1
7041280495Master narrativethe conventional, widely accepted view of the historical record2
7315595651Which of the following was the more recent development in early Chinese culture?domestication of the horse3
7316717631Chinese oracle bones:have provided useful information about the rulers of the Shang dynasty4
7316717632The Xia dynasty:had rulers that engaged in rituals and divinations5
7316717633Anyang:was mentioned in Shang texts, though it was referred to by a different name6
7316717634The Shang state was characterized by a:king who allowed relatives to rule regional areas7
7316717635China's three earliest known dynasties:were each at one time the most powerful regional dynasty8
7316717636Neolithic groups in China began the transition from hunting and gathering to farming and village life as early as:8000 B.C.E.9
7316717637Which of the following innovations was developed first?Yangshao penal code10
7327032608The first cities of the Americas:were linked to the other-world through shamans11
7327032609What did the first cities in the Americas have in common with the first cities of Asia?use of pack animals12
7327032610The Teotihuacán civilization:built the pyramid of the sun13
7327032611The city of Teotihuácan was organized on a regular grid pattern? True or FalseTrue14
7327032612The Maya civilization predated the Toltec civilization? True or FalseTrue15
7327032613The most impressive civilizations in South America were located along the Pacific Coast? True or FalseFalse16
7327032614By 5000 B.C.E., the early inhabitants of the Americas were cultivating maize? True or FalseTrue17
7334314047Early urbanization in South America:followed a much different path than that typical in Mesoamerica18
7334314048Which of these timeframes was NOT incorporated into the Maya calendar?"lifecycle" stages for each individual19
7334314049The Toltec, Aztec, and Maya repudiated all aspects of the Teotihuácan civilization.False20
7334314050Tikal:extended its influence well beyond the city boundaries21
7334314051The Popol Vuh contains the creation myth of the:the Mayan civilization22
7343091724The agricultural settlements found in North America around 1200 C.E. are not usually considered sites of primary urbanization because:their populations were too low23
7343091725Of the following African cities, which one is NOT believed to have followed a development pattern introduced from other cultures?Jenne-Jeno24
7343091726The Bantu:migrated thousands of miles to southern Africa25
7343091727The impact of the Bantu culture can be seen in which of the following regions:Kalahari Desert26
7343091728In the Niger River valley, the primary urban settlement that has been excavated suggests:that cities may develop without the need for hierarchy, centralization, government structure, or written language27
7343091729The Inca empire:built an extensive network of roads and paths28
7343091730Jenne-Jeno:was founded around 250 B.C.E.29
7343091731Iron smelting in West Africa:was introduced from outside the region30
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