AP World History- Period 6 Flashcards
Original from MrsBHatchTEACHER
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| 9766421898 | African National Congress | ANC; South African political party formed in 1912; strongly opposed to apartheid | 0 | |
| 9766421899 | apartheid | "separateness"; a series of laws initiated by the Afrikaner National Party in South Africa which was designed to divide South African society by skin color and ethnicity; this system also reserved South Africa's resources for whites |  | 1 |
| 9766421900 | Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini | lived from 1900 to 1989; religious leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran | 2 | |
| 9766421901 | Big Bang theory | theory which suggests that at some moment all matter in the universe was contained in a single point, which is considered the beginning of the universe | 3 | |
| 9766421902 | Vladimir Lenin | born Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov; lived from 1870 to 1924; the leader of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and premier of the Soviet Union |  | 4 |
| 9766421903 | Central Powers | one of the two warring factions in World War I; composed of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria; also known as the Quadruple Alliance | 5 | |
| 9766421904 | Charles de Gaulle | lived from 1890 to 1970; French general and statesman who led French forces in World War II; served as the president of France from 1959 to 1969 |  | 6 |
| 9766421905 | Che Guevara | lived from 1928 to 1967; Argentine marxist revolutionary who was a major figure in the Cuban Revolution |  | 7 |
| 9766421906 | Chiang Kai-shek | lived from 1887 to 1975; Chinese military officer who was leader of the Guomindang; fled to Taiwan after the Chinese Communist Party came to power in China |  | 8 |
| 9766421907 | Chinese Revolution | prolonged communist movement in China and lasted from 1946 to 1950; resulted in the communist takeover of mainland China |  | 9 |
| 9766421908 | Cold War | a sustained state of political and military tension between members of NATO and members of the Warsaw Pact; dissolution of the Soviet Union was the end of this "conflict" | 10 | |
| 9766421909 | collectivization | also known as collective farming and communal farming; system in which the holdings of several farmers are run collectively as a unit; imposed by the government in the Soviet Union | 11 | |
| 9766421910 | command economy | a.k.a planned economy; the economic system in which decisions regarding production and investment are embodied in a plan formulated by a central authority, usually by a public body such as a government agency | 12 | |
| 9766421911 | containment | the United States policy to prevent the spread of communism abroad during the Cold War; a response to a series of moves by the Soviet Union to enlarge communist influence in Eastern Europe, China, Korea, Africa, and Vietnam | 13 | |
| 9766421912 | Cuban missile crisis | a 13-day confrontation in October 1962 between the Soviet Union and the United States; Soviet missiles moved to Cuban soil in an agreement by Fidel Castro and Nikita Khrushchev; U.S. responds by blockading Cuba; Khrushchev and U.S. President John F. Kennedy reach an agreement in which the Soviets would remove their missiles from Cuba in return for an American promise not to invade Cuba |  | 14 |
| 9766421913 | cultural imperialism | the practice of promoting or imposing one's culture on another, usually between powerful societies and less-powerful ones | 15 | |
| 9766421914 | Cultural Revolution | also known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution; launched by Mao in the late 1960's; aimed to combat the capitalist tendencies he believed had penetrated even the highest ranks of the communist party itself; involved new policies to bring health care and education to the countryside and reinvigorate earlier efforts at rural industrialization under local control | 16 | |
| 9766421915 | decolonization | the process of the dissolution of colonial territories and the establishment of independent nations | 17 | |
| 9766421916 | Deng Xiaoping | lived from 1904 to 1997; successor to Mao Zedong; reformist who sought to incorporate The People's Republic of China into the world economy; dismantled collectivized farming, state enterprises given greater authority, welcomed foreign investment; crushed democracy movement in Beijing's Tiananmen Square |  | 18 |
| 9766421917 | environmentalism | ideology which regards the environmental concerns | 19 | |
| 9766421918 | European Economic Community | EEC; also known as the Common Market; founded in 1957; originally consisted of Italy, France, West Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg; expanded membership to almost all of Europe, including former communist states; renamed the European Union in 1994 | 20 | |
| 9766421919 | Fascism | political ideology which was intensely nationalistic; celebrated action and placed faith in charismatic leaders; and condemned individualism, liberalism, feminism, parliamentary democracy, and communism; adopted by Italy, Germany, and Japan in the years following World War I | 21 | |
| 9766421920 | Five Year Plan | a planned economy in which a committee came together to determine rations | 22 | |
| 9766421921 | fundamentalism | ideology which demands strict adherence to orthodox theological doctrines | 23 | |
| 9766421922 | Gamel Abdel Nasser | lived from 1918 to 1970; second President of Egypt from 1956 to 1970; planned the overthrow of the monarchy and sought to nationalize the Suez Canal | 24 | |
| 9766421923 | UN General Assembly | one of the six principal organs of the United Nations and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation; oversee the budget of the United Nations, appoint the non-permanent members to the Security Council, receive reports from other parts of the United Nations and make recommendations in the form of General Assembly Resolutions |  | 25 |
| 9766421924 | genocide | the systematic destruction of all or part of a racial, ethnic, religious or national group | 26 | |
| 9766421925 | Getulio Vargas | lived from 1882 to 1954; ruled Brazil from 1930 to 1945; discrediting of established export elites during the Great Depression leads to his dictatorship; supported the military; took steps to modernize Brazil's urban industrial sector | 27 | |
| 9766421926 | global warming | term which refers to the continuing rise in the average temperature of Earth's climate system; viewed as a result of human emissions of greenhouse gases | 28 | |
| 9766421927 | globalization of democracy | the spread of democracy throughout the world | 29 | |
| 9766421928 | Great Depression | economic depression as a result of the crash of the American stock market; lasted from 1929 until World War II; causes drop in world trade, loss of investment, and businesses unable to make profit; countries or colonies tied to exporting one or two products hardhit as the West consumed less; conditions resulting in the Great Depression led to widespread unemployment and social tensions |  | 30 |
| 9766421929 | Great Leap Forward | lasted from 1958 to 1960; marked Mao's response to distortions of Chinese socialism; promoted smallscale industrialization in rural areas; tried to foster widespread and practical technological education for all rather than relying on a small elite of highly trained technical experts; envisioned an immediate transition to full communism in the "people's communes" rather than waiting for industrial development to provide the material basis for that transition; massive famine which followed temporarily discredited Mao's radicalism | 31 | |
| 9766421930 | Great Purges | also known as the Terror; period of immense paranoia in the Soviet Union of the late 1930's in which communist members accused each other being corrupted by capitalist ideals; enveloped tens of thousands of prominent communists, including all of Lenin's top associates, and millions more of ordinary peoples; based on suspicious associations in the past, denunciations by colleagues, connections to foreign countries, or bad luck; such people were arrested in the middle of the night, then tried and sentenced to either death or long harsh years in remote labor camps known as gulags; close to 1 million peoples executed between 1936 and 1941; additional 4 to 5 million people sent to the gulag, where they were forced to work in horrendous conditions and died in appalling numbers | 32 | |
| 9766421931 | Green Revolution | a series of research, and development, and technology transfer initiatives, occurring between the 1940s and the late 1960s, that increased agriculture production worldwide, particularly in the developing world | 33 | |
| 9766421932 | Adolf Hitler | lived from 1889 to 1945; leader of the Nazi party in Germany; chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945; dictator of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945 |  | 34 |
| 9766421933 | Ho Chi Minh | lived from 1890 to 1969; Vietnamese communist revolutionary leader; was prime minister (from 1945 to 1955) and president (from 1945 to 1969) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam |  | 35 |
| 9766421934 | Holocaust | the mass murder of approximately six million Jews during World War II; a program of systematic state-sponsored murder by Nazi Germany; led by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party | 36 | |
| 9766421935 | International Monetary Fund | IMF; established in 1944 by the Bretton Woods Conference in New Hampshire; sought to promote market economies, free trade, and high growth rates | 37 | |
| 9766421936 | Indian National Congress | INC; organization established in 1885; gave expression to the idea of India as a single nation; played a major role in India's independence movement from British colonial rule | 38 | |
| 9766421937 | Iranian Cultural Revolution | lasted from 1980 to 198; a period following the Iranian Revolution where intellectuals of Iran were purged of Western and non-Islamic influences to bring it in line with Shia Islam; closed universities between 1980 and 1983, banned many books, and purged thousands of students and lecturers from schools | 39 | |
| 9766421938 | iron curtain | the heavily fortified border between Eastern and Western Europe | 40 | |
| 9766421939 | Islamic renewal | also referred to as Islamic revival; refers to a renewing of the Islamic religion throughout the Islamic world, that began roughly sometime in 1970s; sought greater religious piety and a growing adoption of Islamic culture | 41 | |
| 9766421940 | Jawaharlal Nehru | lived from 1889 to 1964; first Prime Minister of India and was a leading figure in the independence movement against British rule over India |  | 42 |
| 9766421941 | League of Arab States | a regional organization of Arab countries in and around North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and Southwest Asia; formed in Cairo in 1945 with six members: Egypt, Iraq, Transjordan (Jordan), Lebanon, Saudi Arabia and Syria; currently has 22 members | 43 | |
| 9766421942 | League of Nations | international peacekeeping organization founded as a result of the First World World; proposed by US president Woodrow Wilson; committed to the principle of "collective security" and intended to avoid the repetition of war | 44 | |
| 9766421943 | Mahatma Gandhi | lived from 1869 to 1948; leader of the Indian nationalist movement during British control over India; used nonviolent civil disobedience, such as hunger strikes |  | 45 |
| 9766421944 | Mao Zedong | lived from 1893 to 1976; Chinese communist revolutionary and leader of the People's Republic of China from its establishment 1949 to his death in 1976 |  | 46 |
| 9766421945 | Marshall Plan | plan which sought to rebuild and reshape devastated European economies; funneled Europe some $12 billion with numerous advisers and technicians; motivated by combination of humanitarian concern, a desire to prevent a new depression by creating overseas customers for American goods, and interest in undermining the growing appeal of European communist parties; required European nations to cooperate with one another |  | 47 |
| 9766421946 | Mikhail Gorbachev | born in 1931; last general secretary of the Soviet Union (1985 to 1991); passed reforms such as perestroika and policies such as glasnost which led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union |  | 48 |
| 9766421947 | military-industrial complex | the policy and monetary relationships which exist between legislators, national armed forces, and the military industrial base that supports them; include political contributions, political approval for military spending, lobbying to support bureaucracies, and oversight of the industry; most often used in reference to the system behind the military of the United States | 49 | |
| 9766421948 | Muhammad Ali Jinnah | lived from 1876 to 1948; founder of Pakistan and the leader of the All-India Muslim League until Pakistan's independence |  | 50 |
| 9766421949 | Munich Conference | a conference in Munich which permitted Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along German borders mainly inhabited by German speakers; territory now known as "Sudetenland"; widely regarded as a failed act of appeasement toward Germany; agreement was signed in the early hours of 30 September 1938; agreement was signed by Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and Italy; Czechoslovakia not invited to the conference | 51 | |
| 9766421950 | Benito Mussolini | lived from 1883 to 1945; leader of the Italian National Fascist Party; prime minister of Italy from 1922 to 1943 |  | 52 |
| 9766421951 | Mustafa Kemal Ataturk | lived from 1881 to 1938; founder and the first President of the Republic of Turkey; passed a series of reforms to transform the former Ottoman Empire into a modern, secular, and democratic nation | 53 | |
| 9766421952 | North American Free Trade Agreement | NAFTA; regional alliance founded in 1993 and consists of Canada, Mexico, and the United States; the world's second largest free-trade zone | 54 | |
| 9766421953 | North Atlantic Treaty Organization | NATO; a military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed in 1949; alliance in which its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party; consists of 28 member states across North America and Europe |  | 55 |
| 9766421954 | Nazi Germany | a.k.a the Third Reich; lasted from 1933 to 1945; Germany under the leadership of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party | 56 | |
| 9766421955 | Nelson Mandela | lived from 1918 to 2013; South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and politician; President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999; served as President of the African National Congress from 1991 to 1997 |  | 57 |
| 9766421956 | New Deal | a series of reforms proposed by United States President Woodrow Wilson; lasted from 1933 to 1942; experimental combination of reforms seeking to restart economic growth and prevent similar failures in the future; reflected the thinking of British economist John Maynard Keynes; argued that government actions and spending programs could moderate recessions and depressions; consisted of immediate programs of public spending (for dams, highways, bridges, and parks) and long-term reforms, such as the Social Security system, minimum wage, and various relief and welfare programs | 58 | |
| 9766421957 | non-governmental organization | NGO; an organization that is neither a part of a government nor a conventional for-profit business | 59 | |
| 9766421958 | Nikita Khrushchev | lived from 1894 to 1971; leader of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964; responsible for the de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union and backing of the Soviet space program |  | 60 |
| 9766421959 | Osama bin Laden | lived from 1957 to 2011; Islamic militant who was the leader of the terrorist group al-Qaeda; mastermind behind the 9/11 attacks; played a key role in the US-backed effort to aid mujahideen who fought Soviet forces in Afghanistan |  | 61 |
| 9766421960 | al-Qaeda | "the base"; terrorist organization formerly headed by Osama bin Laden; behind the 9/11 attacks | 62 | |
| 9766421961 | Palestinian Liberation Organization | PLO; an organization founded in 1964 with the purpose of creating an independent State of Palestine | 63 | |
| 9766421962 | Pan-Arabism | an ideology proposing the unification of the countries of North Africa and West Asia from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, referred to as the Arab World | 64 | |
| 9766421963 | Pan-Africanism | an ideology which encourages the unity of Africans worldwide | 65 | |
| 9766421964 | HIV/AIDS epidemic | epidemic which was first discovered in 1981 among homosexual men and intravenous drug users in New York and San Francisco; eventually became widespread around the world, particularly sub-Saharan Africa; virus attacks and destroys the immune system, which causes a fatal disorder in the immune system; spread through sexual contact with an infected person, contact with contaminated blood, and transmission from mother to child during pregnancy and breastfeeding | 66 | |
| 9766421965 | ebola epidemic | an epidemic caused by the Ebola virus; symptoms include fever, throat and muscle pains, headaches, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, and decreased functioning of the liver and kidneys; an 2014 outbreak in West Africa has led to a reported 142 deaths | 67 | |
| 9766421966 | influenza epidemic | an epidemic caused by the H1N1 influenza virus; lasted from 1918 to 1920; resulted in 50 to 100 million deaths, ranking it one of the most deadliest natural disasters in human history | 68 | |
| 9766421967 | perestroika | an economic program launched by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev which freed state enterprises from government regulation, permitted small-scale private businesses, offered opportunities for private farming, and welcomed foreign investment in joint enterprises | 69 | |
| 9766421968 | glasnost | a Soviet policy established by Mikhail Gorbachev which permitted cultural and intellectual freedoms | 70 | |
| 9766421969 | post-modernism | a late 20th Century movement in the arts, architecture, and criticism; includes skeptical interpretations of culture, literature, art, philosophy, history, economics, architecture, fiction, and literary criticism | 71 | |
| 9766421970 | Potsdam Conference | a conference which was held from July 17 to August 2, 1945; participants include the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States; gathered to decide how to punish Nazi Germany, sought to establish a post-war order, address peace treaty issues, and counter the effects of World War II | 72 | |
| 9766421971 | Prague Spring | a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia during the era of Soviet domination; began on January 5, 1968, when reformist Alexander Dubček was elected First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, and continued until August 21 when the Soviet Union and other members of the Warsaw Pact invaded the country to halt the reforms | 73 | |
| 9766421972 | 1917 Russian Revolution | a collective term for the series of revolutions in 1917 which ousted Tsar Nicholas II and the tsarist autocracy and replaced it with the communist Bolshiveks | 74 | |
| 9766421973 | second-wave feminism | a period of feminist activity that first began in the United States in the early 1960s and eventually spread throughout the Western world; later became a worldwide movement that was strong in Europe and parts of Asia, such as Turkey and Israel; focused on sexuality, family, the workplace, reproductive rights, and various legal and de facto inequalities | 75 | |
| 9766421974 | UN Security Council | one of the six principal organs of the United Nations; in charge of the maintenance of international peace and security; this body is able to establish peacekeeping operations, establish international sanctions, and authorize military action through resolutions; the only UN body with the authority to issue binding resolutions to member states |  | 76 |
| 9766421975 | space race | lasted from 1955 to 1972; a competition between the Soviet Union and the United States for supremacy in spaceflight capability; pioneered advancements such as artificial satellites, as well as manned and unmanned missions into outer space | 77 | |
| 9766421976 | sphere of influence | a concept in which a state or organization has a level of cultural, economic, military, or political exclusivity, accommodating to the interests of powers outside the sphere; examples include European "semi-colony" of China | 78 | |
| 9766421977 | Joseph Stalin | lived from 1878 to 1953; the leader of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1952; implemented a highly centralized command economy, which resulted in the transformation of Russian society from agrarian to industrialized; imprisoned millions in labor camps and deported many to remote areas; issued the Great Purges, in which hundreds of thousands, including many prominent communists, were executed |  | 79 |
| 9766421978 | theory of relativity | theory which is composed of special relativity and general relativity; proposed by Albert Einstein; proposes that measurements of various quantities are relative to the velocities of observers, space and time should be considered together and in relation to each other (Spacetime), and the speed of light is constant |  | 80 |
| 9766421979 | Third World | term which describes the countries that did not align with the Soviet Union or the United States | 81 | |
| 9766421980 | total war | war which requires the mobilization of each country's entire populations | 82 | |
| 9766421981 | transnational corporations | a.k.a multi-national corporation; an organization that owns or controls production or services facilities in one or more countries other than its home country | 83 | |
| 9766421982 | Treaty of Versailles | treaty which formally concluded the World War I in 1919; established the conditions for a World War II; Germany losses colonial empire and 15% of its European territory, required to pay heavy reparations to the winners, had its military forces severely restricted, and had to accept sole responsibility for the war; immense German resentment created from the treaty |  | 84 |
| 9766421983 | trench warfare | type of warfare using occupied fighting lines consisting largely of trenches, in which troops are significantly protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery; resulted in enormous casualties while gaining or losing a few yards of ground during World War I |  | 85 |
| 9766421984 | Truman Doctrine | an international relations policy set by the U.S. President Harry Truman in a speech on March 12, 1947; stated that the U.S. would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent them from falling into the Soviet sphere; often referred to as the beginning of the US policy of containment |  | 86 |
| 9766421985 | United Nations | organization established in 1945 as a successor to the League of Nations; attempts to find solutions to global problems and deal with virtually any matter of concern to humanity |  | 87 |
| 9766421986 | Vietnam War | war which occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1956 to 1975; U.S. entered the war to prevent South Vietnam from becoming communist, as a result of its containment policy; Soviet Union backed Northern Vietnamese forces in an attempt to spread communism to Southeast Asia; resulted in the unification of Vietnam under a communist government and the spread of communism to Cambodia and Laos |  | 88 |
| 9766421987 | Weimar Republic | the federal republic and semi-presidential representative democracy established in 1919 in Germany to replace the imperial form of government after World War I; lasted until the Nazi Party rose to power in 1933; faced numerous problems, including hyperinflation, political extremists and continuing contentious relationships with the victors of World War I | 89 | |
| 9766421988 | Winston Churchill | lived from 1874 to 1965; British politician; Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and from 1951 to 1955 |  | 90 |
| 9766421989 | weapon of mass destruction | WMD; a weapon which has the capability to kill large numbers of people and decimate large swaths of land | 91 | |
| 9766421990 | Woodrow Wilson | lived from 1856 to 1924; 28th President of the United States (1913-1921); leader of the Progressive Movement; famous for his Fourteen Points, which sought to avoid another worldwide conflict |  | 92 |
| 9766421991 | Fourteen Points | a statement given on January 8, 1918 by United States President Woodrow Wilson declaring that World War I was being fought for a moral cause and called for postwar peace in Europe | 93 | |
| 9766421992 | World Bank | a United Nations international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programs; its primary goal is to reduce poverty | 94 | |
| 9766421993 | World War I | war which lasted from 1914 to 1918; also known as the Great War; pitted the Allies (United Kingdom, France, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria); resulted in an Allied victory and Treaty of Versailles, which set the stage for another world war |  | 95 |
| 9766421994 | World War II | war which lasted from 1939 to 1945; pitted the Allied Powers (Soviet Union, United Kingdom, United States, China and France) against the Axis Powers (Germany, Japan, and Italy); resulted in an Allied victory, the creation of the United Nations, and set the stage for the Cold War |  | 96 |
| 9766421995 | World Trade Organization | WTO; established in 1994 by the 123 members of GATT; took over GATT activities in 1995; developed into a forum for settling international trade disputes | 97 | |
| 9766421996 | Yalta Conference | conference which lasted from February 4 to February 11, 1945; meeting attended by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Premier Joseph Stalin for the purpose of discussing Europe's post-war reorganization; convened in the Livadia Palace near Yalta in Crimea |  | 98 |
| 9766421997 | Zionist Movement | the national movement of Jews and Jewish culture that supports the creation of a Jewish homeland in the territory defined as the Land of Israel |  | 99 |
| 9766421998 | Brazilian Solution | Combination of dictatorship, violent repression, and gov't promotion of industrialization in South American countries | 100 | |
| 9766421999 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | A 1946 United Nations covenant binding signatory nations to the observance of specified rights. | 101 | |
| 9766422000 | nongovernmental organizations | Organizations that are not established or associated with any specific organizations. They may be recognized, however, they run on their own. Examples are Green Peace and Amnesty International. | 102 | |
| 9766422001 | Tiananmen Square | Site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political openness in 1989. The demonstration was crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life. | 103 | |
| 9766422002 | keiretsu | Japanese business groups after the post-WWII dismantling of the zaibatsu. They are Alliances of corporations each often centered around a bank. They dominate the post-WWII Japanese economy. | 104 | |
| 9766422003 | Salvador Allende | The first Marxist politician elected president in the Americas. He was elected president of Chile in 1970 and overthrown by a US-backed military coup in 1973. | 105 | |
| 9766422004 | NATO | An international organization created in 1949 by the North Atlantic Treaty for purposes of collective security. | 106 | |
| 9766422005 | Warsaw Pact | An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO | 107 |
Chapter 14 Guided Reading AP World History Flashcards
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| 5629373887 | Latin West | The Latin section of the Roman Empire. It was also the section to crumble while separated from the Greek East. | 0 | |
| 5629373888 | Three-field system | farmland divided into three equal-sized fields, in which crops were rotated | 1 | |
| 5629373889 | Water wheel | A mechanism that harnesses the energy in flowing water to grind grain or to power machinery. | 2 | |
| 5629373890 | Hanseatic League | an organization of north German and Scandinavian cities for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance. | 3 | |
| 5629373891 | International fairs | 4 | ||
| 5629373892 | Guild | an organization of people in the same craft or trade | 5 | |
| 5629373893 | Peter's Pence | a annual tax or tribute | 6 | |
| 5629373894 | Flying buttresses | A major architectural innovation that enabled the Gothic cathedrals to reach new heights | 7 | |
| 5629373895 | Modern universities | Degree-granting institutions of higher learning. | 8 | |
| 5629373896 | Scholasticism | A medieval philosophical and theological system that tried to reconcile faith and reason | 9 | |
| 5629373897 | Humanists | People who specialize in studying the grammar, history, poetry, and rhetoric. | 10 | |
| 5629373898 | Printing press | A mechanical device for transferring text or graphics from a woodblock or type to paper using ink. | 11 | |
| 5629373899 | Magna Carta | A charter of liberty and political rights obtained from King John of England by his rebellious barons at Runnymede in 1215. | 12 | |
| 5629373900 | New monarchies | Historians' term for the monarchies in France, England, and Spain from 1450 to 1600. | 13 | |
| 5629373901 | English Parliament | England's chief law-making body. | 14 | |
| 5629373902 | The Estates General | France's Legislative body that met infrequently and was overall weak. | 15 | |
| 5629373903 | Thomas Aquinas | Italian theologian and Doctor of the Church who is remembered for his attempt to reconcile faith and reason in a comprehensive theology. | 16 | |
| 5629373904 | Geoffrey Chaucer | English poet remembered as author of the Canterbury Tales | 17 | |
| 5629373905 | Marco Polo | Venetian traveler who explored Asia in the 13th century and served Kublai Khan | 18 | |
| 5629373906 | The Medici family | Wealthy family which controlled Florence Italy during the Renaissance. | 19 | |
| 5629373907 | The Fugger family | German banking dynasty that dominated European business, developed capitalistic economic concepts | 20 | |
| 5629373908 | Dante Alighieri | Italian poet who wrote the divine comedy | 21 | |
| 5629373909 | Francesco Petrarch | One of the major literary figures of the Western Renaissance, an Italian author and humanist | 22 | |
| 5629373910 | Erasmus of Rotterdam | A sarcastic writer that wrote "The Handbook of the Christian Knight" and "In Praise of Folly" | 23 | |
| 5629373911 | Johann Gutenberg | Invented the printing press | 24 | |
| 5629373912 | Giotto | Frescoe painter, founded flourentine school, realisitc poses | 25 | |
| 5629373913 | Jan van Eyck | Flemish painter who was a founder of the Flemish school of painting | 26 | |
| 5629373914 | Leonardo da Vinci | A well known Italian Renaissance artist, architect, musician, mathemetician, engineer, and scientist | 27 | |
| 5629373915 | Lorenzo de Medici | Florence banker who became a patron of the arts sponsoring various renowned artists | 28 | |
| 5629373916 | King Philip "the Fair" | Started new capital in Avignon | 29 | |
| 5629373917 | King John | signed Magna Carta; king of England | 30 | |
| 5629373918 | Joan of Arc | peasant girl who led french army to victory over the english in the 100 year's war | 31 | |
| 5629373919 | Ferdinand and Isabella | king and queen of Spain; expel the Mongols | 32 | |
| 5629373920 | The Black Death | Most massive epidemic on record. | 33 | |
| 5629373921 | The "Fourth Crusade" | When European Christians attacked Constantinople. | 34 | |
| 5629373922 | Renaissance | rebirth of art, culture, and intellect started in Italy | 35 | |
| 5629373923 | The Great Western Schism | The period from 1378-1417 during which two and then three rival people claimed papal authority | 36 | |
| 5629373924 | Hundred Years War | Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families. | 37 | |
| 5629373925 | Reconquest of Iberia | Beginning in the 11th century, military campaigns by various Iberian Christian states to recapture territory taken by the Muslims. | 38 | |
| 5629373926 | Canterbury Tales | A collection of stories written in the Middle-English by Geoffrey Chaucer at the end of the 14th century. | 39 | |
| 5629373927 | Gothic cathedrals | Large churches originating in twelfth-century France | 40 | |
| 5629373928 | Summa Theologica | Saint Thomas Aquinas's comprehensive systematic examination of Christian theology | 41 | |
| 5629373929 | Divine Comedy | Book by Dante Alighieri, describes soul's progression into heaven | 42 |
AP World History: Ch. 3 Classical Civilization--China, Pt. 2 Flashcards
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| 4741341155 | Chopsticks | Toward the end of the Zhou Dynasty the use of these signaled a code of politeness at meals. | 0 | |
| 4741347780 | Secular Views | The dominant non-religious values that formed Chinese civilization in the classical period. | 1 | |
| 4741352599 | Personal Virtue | A foundation of Confucianism that stressed respect for one's social superiors. | 2 | |
| 4741354984 | Good Leader According to Confucius | Moderation in behavior, veneration of custom and ritual, and love of wisdom. | 3 | |
| 4741360412 | Analects | Book that spelled out Confucian doctrine | 4 | |
| 4741363363 | Shi | A class of gentlemen characterized by control of emotions, and observance of proper rituals and manners. | 5 | |
| 4741369022 | Mencius | Disciple of Confucius who emphasized the goodness of human nature and was less hierarchical than Confucius. | 6 | |
| 4741372018 | Legalism | Authoritarian based philosophy adopted in the Qin and late Han periods. | 7 | |
| 4741378050 | Daoism | A more religious philosophy that kept Chinese beliefs in harmony in nature and added a sense of nature's mystery. | 8 | |
| 4741380093 | Laozi | 5th century proponent of Daosim who stressed that nature contains inherent principles that if not adhered to cause strife. | 9 | |
| 4741393715 | Five Classics | A product of the early Zhou Dynasty, and edited during the time of Confucius, was used for among other things as the basis for Civil Service Exams. | 10 | |
| 4741395436 | Classic of Songs | More than 300 poems dealing with love, joy, politics and family. | 11 | |
| 4741398854 | Classic Chinese Literary Tradition | Reinforced the Confucian emphasis on human life, although the subjects included romance and sorrow as well as politics. | 12 | |
| 4741402314 | Chinese Astronomy | Purpose was to make celestial phenomenon predictable. | 13 | |
| 4741407448 | Social Division | The gap between the 2% of the land owning gentry and the peasants. | 14 | |
| 4741408717 | "Mean People" | Lowest social status who performed rough transport and other unskilled labor. | 15 | |
| 4741411559 | Scholar-Gentry | Upper class in China who combined education, bureaucratic service and landowning. | 16 | |
| 4741463028 | Xi'an | New capital city of China. | 17 | |
| 4741466484 | Ox-drawn Plows | Introduced around 300 B.C.E, a testament to the importance technology played in classical China. | 18 | |
| 4741476887 | Primogeniture | Illustrated the subordinate role of women by saying inheritance and position started with the eldest male child. | 19 |
AP World History: Ch. 8 Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and Southeast Asia, Pt. 2 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5163912470 | Hinduism | Open, tolerant, and inclusive of widely varying forms of religious devotion. | 0 | |
| 5163912471 | Islam | Doctrinaire, proselytizing, and committed to the exclusive worship of a single, transcendent god. | 1 | |
| 5163912472 | Muhammad ibn Qasim | Arab general who conquered Sind in India and declared the region and the Indus valley to be part of the Umayyad Empire (c. 661-750) | 2 | |
| 5163912473 | Arabic Numerals | Numerals that Hindu scholars had used for centuries, but because they were passed on to European through Arab contacts, thus called Arabic. | 3 | |
| 5163912474 | raja | A Hindu King | 4 | |
| 5163912475 | Mahmud of Ghazni | Third ruler of the Turkish slave dynasty in Afghanistan who led invasions of northern India, whose actions gave Muslims a reputation for being intolerant and aggressive. (c. 971-1030) | 5 | |
| 5163912476 | Muhammad of Ghur | Military commander of Persian descent who ruled a small mountain kingdom in Afghanistan, then began a process of conquest to establish Muslim political control of northern India (c. 1173-1206) | 6 | |
| 5163912477 | Qutb-ud-din-Aibak | Lieutenant of Muhammad of Ghur who established a kingdom in India with a capital at Delphi, and proclaimed himself Sultan of India. | 7 | |
| 5163912478 | Sultans of Delhi | Rulers of mixed descent who claimed themselves "princes of the heartland." | 8 | |
| 5163912479 | Bengal | Muslim community that developed in India to the east. | 9 | |
| 5163912480 | Sati |  | 10 | |
| 5163912481 | Bhaktic Cults | Hindu groups dedicated to gods and goddesses that stressed the importance of strong emotional bonds between devotees and the god or goddess--they most widely worshipped Shiva and Vishnu. | 11 | |
| 5163912482 | Mira Bai | Celebrated Hindu writer of religious poetry, who reflected openness of bhaktic cults to women. | 12 | |
| 5163912483 | Kabir | Muslim mystic who played down the importance of ritual differences between Hinduism and Islam. | 13 | |
| 5163912484 | Chaitanya | 15th century Hindu holy man who wrote songs focused on love for Hindu deities, and set out to convince Indian Muslims to renounce Islam in favor of Hinduism. | 14 | |
| 5163912485 | Shrivijaya | Trading empire centered on Malacca Straits between Malaya and Sumatra. | 15 | |
| 5163912486 | Sufis | Largely responsible for a large number of peaceful, voluntary conversions to Islam. | 16 | |
| 5163912487 | Malacca | Fortified Portuguese trading town located on the tip of the Malayan peninsula. | 17 | |
| 5163912488 | Demak | Most powerful of the trading states on the north coast of Java, which converted to Islam and served as a point of dissemination. | 18 |
AP World History: Ch. 11 A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe, Pt. 2 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5291387139 | Aristotle | THE philosopher of the middle ages because of his clear exposition of rationale thought. |  | 0 |
| 5291387140 | Logic | A philosophical construct that theologians in the Middle Ages began to use to understand aspects of religion and ultimately prove the existence of God. | 1 | |
| 5291387141 | Peter Abelard | Wrote a treatise called "Yes and No," in which he showed several logical contradictions in established interpretations of doctrine. | 2 | |
| 5291387142 | Bernard of Clairvaux | Powerful monk whose intellectual approach differed from the logical rationalist--he stressed the importance of mystical union with God. | 3 | |
| 5291387143 | Faith Alone | A belief that use of reason to understand God was dangerous, and that God must be received in this way alone. | 4 | |
| 5291387144 | Revealed Word | A manner of receiving faith by both Christianity and Islam from the Bible or Qur'an respectively. | 5 | |
| 5291387145 | Theology | The study of the nature of God and religious belief. | 6 | |
| 5291387146 | Ibn-Rushd | Along with Hellenistic and Aristotelian science, his rationalist work, Western philosopher theologians proceeded to the final great synthesis of medieval learning. | 7 | |
| 5291387147 | Thomas Aquinas | Maintained basic tenets of faith, but believed it was possible to know much about natural order, moral law, and the nature of God through reason. | 8 | |
| 5291387148 | Summas | Scholarly "highest works" that used careful logic to eliminate all possible objections to truth as revealed by reason and faith. | 9 | |
| 5291387149 | Scholasticism | Dominant medieval philosophical approach, so called because of its base in schools--it was marked by its confidence in the logical orderliness of knowledge and the human ability to know. | 10 | |
| 5291387150 | Galen | Hellenistic authority upon whose teachings medical students would memorize instead of systematic practical experience. | 11 | |
| 5291387151 | Gothic | An architectural style that developed during the Middle Ages in western Europe that featured pointed arches and flying buttresses which allowed the buildings to reach soaring heights. | 12 | |
| 5291387152 | Vernacular | Local language that developed alongside Latin in western Europe not unlike how Hindi developed alongside Sanskrit in the Gupta empire. | 13 | |
| 5291387153 | Beowulf | An example of early English vernacular that originated as oral tradition. | 14 | |
| 5291387154 | Banking | A practice spearheaded by Italian business people to facilitate the long-distance exchange of money. | 15 | |
| 5291387155 | Hanseatic League | An organization of cities in northern Germany and southern Scandinavia for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance. | 16 | |
| 5291387156 | Capitalism | Economic system based on profit-seeking , private ownership, and investment. | 17 | |
| 5291387157 | Guilds | Associations of people in the same business or craft in a single city that stressed security, mutual control and limited membership--apprenticeships were regulated and good workmanship was guaranteed. | 18 | |
| 5291387158 | Market System | Economy based on trade, finance, banking--in short capitalism--that was emerging in the Western economy, but was not yet typical. | 19 | |
| 5291387159 | Paid Armies | Kings began to less on the old military organization in favor of soldiers of their own. | 20 | |
| 5291387160 | Joan of Arc | Turned the tide of the 100 Years War giving France a victory. | 21 | |
| 5291387161 | Black Death | Plague that struck Europe in the 14th century that significantly reduced Europe's population and social structure. | 22 | |
| 5291387162 | Professional Armies | This presented a serious challenge to the old authority enjoyed by the landed aristocracy. | 23 | |
| 5291387163 | Chivalry | Carefully controlled, polite behavior--especially toward women--that arose in the wake of the upper class's loss of military prestige. | 24 | |
| 5291387164 | Heresies | Teachings contrary to the institutional teachings of Christianity which focused on direct experience with God. | 25 |
Flashcards
AP World History Chapter Seven Notecards Flashcards
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| 7574760260 | Silk Road | Caravan routes connecting China and the Middle East across Central Asia and Iran. 7.202 | 0 | |
| 7574762384 | Parthians | Iranian ruling dynasty between ca. 250 B.C.E. and 226 C.E. 7.202 | 1 | |
| 7574764278 | Sasanid Empire | Iranian empire, established ca. 224, with a capital in Ctesiphon, Mesopotamia. The Sasanid emperors established Zoroastrianism as the state religion. Islamic Arab armies overthrew the empire ca. 640. 7.205 | 2 | |
| 7574767355 | Stirrup | Device for securing a horseman's feet, enabling him to wield weapons more effectively. First evidence of the use of stirrups was among the Kushan people of northern Afghanistan in approximately the first century C.E. 7.206 | 3 | |
| 7574769612 | Indian Ocean Maritime System | In premodern times, a network of seaports, trade routes, and maritime culture linking countries on the rim of the Indian Ocean from Africa to Indonesia. 7.207 | 4 | |
| 7574785276 | Trans-Saharan Caravan | Trading network linking North Africa with sub-Saharan Africa across the Sahara. 7.211 | 5 | |
| 7574787172 | Sahel | Belt south of the Sahara; literally "coastland" in Arabic. 7.212 | 6 | |
| 7574789089 | Sub-Saharan Africa | Portion of the African continent lying south of the Sahara. 7.213 | 7 | |
| 7574789091 | Steppes | Treeless plains, especially the high, flat expanses of northern Eurasia, which usually have little rain and are covered with coarse grass. They are good lands for nomads and their herds. Living on the steppes promoted the breeding of horses and the development of military skills that were essential to the rise of the Mongol Empire. 7.214 | 8 | |
| 7574791456 | Savanna | Tropical or subtropical grassland, either treeless or with occasional clumps of trees. Most extensive in sub-Saharan Africa but also present in South America. 7.215 | 9 | |
| 7574797005 | Tropical Rain Forest | High-precipitation forest zones of the Americas, Africa, and Asia lying between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. 7.215 | 10 | |
| 7574799075 | "Great Traditions" | Historians' term for a literate, well-institutionalized complex of religious and social beliefs and practices adhered to by diverse societies over a broad geographical area. 7.215 | 11 | |
| 7574804953 | "Small Traditions" | Historians' term for a localized, usually non-literate, set of customs and beliefs adhered to by a single society, often in conjunction with a "great tradition." 7.215 | 12 | |
| 7574804954 | Bantu | Collective name of a large group of sub-Saharan African languages and of the peoples speaking these languages. 7.216 | 13 | |
| 7574806994 | Armenia | One of the earliest Christian kingdoms, situated in eastern Anatolia and the western Caucasus and occupied by speakers of the Armenian language. 7.219 | 14 | |
| 7574808673 | Ethiopia | East African highland nation lying east of the Nile River. 7.219 | 15 |
AP World History- Unit 6 Decolonization Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6217272337 | Gen. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq | Pakistan prime minister who helped Pakistan grow but decreased equality of other religions | 0 | |
| 6217273786 | Zulfikar Ali Bhutto | Father of Benazir Bhutto who also served as prime minister of Pakistan | 1 | |
| 6217273787 | Benazir Bhutto | First female prime minister in Pakistan | 2 | |
| 6217275469 | Idi Amin | Ugandan dictator who killed many and abused human rights; promoted by the U.S. | 3 | |
| 6217275470 | Pol Pot | Led Khmer Rouge and ruled; caused massive genocide of 1/4th of Camodia's population | 4 | |
| 6217275471 | Jimmy Carter | US president who mediated the Camp David Accords | 5 | |
| 6217277008 | Menachem Begin | Prime Minister of Israel who signed the Camp David Accords | 6 | |
| 6217277009 | Anwar Sadat | President of Egypt who signed the Camp David Accords | 7 | |
| 6217279298 | Yasser Arafat | Leader of the PLO | 8 | |
| 6217279299 | Gamal Abdel Nasser | Overthrew the king of Egypt and established a republic; second president; proponent of Pan-Arabism; policies blended Islam and socialism | 9 | |
| 6232667569 | Honsi Mubarak | Led Egypt as a corrupt and repressive government; overthrown | 10 | |
| 6427162413 | Shah Reza Khan | Shah of Iran; was invaded by Britain and Russia because flirted with Hitler | 11 | |
| 6232668781 | Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi | Son of Khan; ruler which the U.S. supported; ran an authoritarian and oppressive regime | 12 | |
| 6232668782 | Ayatollah Khomeini | Shia cleric who became Supreme Leader after the Iranian Revolution | 13 | |
| 6232668783 | Abdullah Gul | First Islamic president of Turkey | 14 | |
| 6232670664 | Kwame Nkrumah | First president of Ghana who took office in the newly established republic; promoted Pan-Africanism; claimed dictatorial power | 15 | |
| 6232670665 | Charles De Gaulle | French President who helped Algerian independence | 16 | |
| 6232670749 | Kofi Annan | Algerian who became UN Secretary General | 17 | |
| 6232671957 | Jomo Kenyatta | President of Kenya who advocated for independence who had served a prison term for supporting the Mau Mau | 18 | |
| 6232671958 | Daniel Moi | President of Kenya who led to increasing corruption | 19 | |
| 6232675771 | Muslim League | Political party in India led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah that wanted Pakistan | 20 | |
| 6232675772 | West Pakistan | West of India | 21 | |
| 6232675773 | East Pakistan | East of India | 22 | |
| 6232676927 | Bangladesh | East Pakistan; became an independent country due to major differences with West Pakistan | 23 | |
| 6232676928 | Kashmir | Border region fought over by Pakistan and India; mostly Muslim people, but Hindu leader | 24 | |
| 6232676929 | Khmer Rouge | Communist guerilla organization in Cambodia that overthrew the government | 25 | |
| 6232678503 | Palestinian Liberation Organization/ PLO | Wanted the return of occupied lands and the creation of an independent nation of Palestine | 26 | |
| 6232679651 | Hamas and Fatah | Factions of Palestinians who fought for control | 27 | |
| 6232679653 | Arab League | League of 22 member states; Egypt was one of the 6 founding members | 28 | |
| 6232680963 | Iran | Descendant of the Persian and Safavid empires | 29 | |
| 6232682085 | Kurdistan Workers' Party/ PKK | Terrorist organization who began armed struggles against the Turks to win cultural and political rights | 30 | |
| 6232682086 | Gold Coast | British colony that became Ghana | 31 | |
| 6232684187 | Organization of African Unity/ OAU | Founded by Nkrumah; Pan-Africanism | 32 | |
| 6232684188 | African Union | Replaced the OAU; 53 nations; shared hopes for closer coorperation, but they disagreed one where or whether the organization should intervene in the affairs of member states | 33 | |
| 6232685274 | National Liberation Front/ FLN | Used effective guerrilla techniques to take out French forces; led Algeria | 34 | |
| 6232685275 | Kenya | Country in east Africa; was British colony | 35 | |
| 6232685276 | Mau Mau | Group that carried out terror campaigns in Kenya against the British | 36 | |
| 6232687625 | Kenyan African National Union/ KANU | One political party of Kenya | 37 | |
| 6232687626 | Nigeria | Western African country that was a British colony | 38 | |
| 6232687627 | Partition | Division of India into India and Pakistan; chaotic and violent; many Muslims and Hindus migrated | 39 | |
| 6232688933 | Balfour Declaration | Issue by the British government which gave Palestine to Jews | 40 | |
| 6232688934 | Suez Crisis | Conflict between Egypt and the UN wanting the Suez Canal; Egypt's or national waterway (wins) | 41 | |
| 6232690185 | Camp David Accords | Peace agreement between Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel and Pesident Anwar Sadat of Egypt | 42 | |
| 6232691848 | One-Party State | Country with only one political party in charge | 43 | |
| 6232691849 | Algerian War for Independence | Campaign for independence against France | 44 | |
| 6232693435 | Fifth Republic | French President Charles De Gaulle helped give Algeria freedom under | 45 | |
| 6232693436 | Algerian Civil War | Bloody war under the FLN; 1991-2002; military state of emergency | 46 | |
| 6232694543 | Biafra Civil War | Nigerian Civil War with Igbos wanting to secede | 47 | |
| 6232694544 | Passive Resistance | Nonviolent protests through civil disobedience; practiced by Gandhi and inspired MLK and Nelson Mandela | 48 | |
| 6232696356 | Zionist Movement | Movement for a Jewish state | 49 | |
| 6232696357 | Theodore Herzl | Led the Zionist Movement | 50 | |
| 6232698650 | Pan-Arabism | Movement promoting the cultural and political unity of Arab nations | 51 | |
| 6232698651 | Pan-Africanism | Celebration of unity of culture and ideas throughout Africa | 52 | |
| 6232698652 | Igbos | Westernized, predominately Christian tribe in Algeria who wanted to secede from the government | 53 | |
| 6232698653 | Mullahs | Men educated in Islamic law who he'd most official posts in Iran | 54 | |
| 6232699883 | Theocracy | Form of government in which religion is the supreme authority | 55 | |
| 6232699884 | Kurds | Ethnic minority living in Eastern Turkey and parts of Syria, Iraq, and Iran; PKK began an armed struggle against Turks | 56 | |
| 6232699885 | Modernization/ Dependency Theory | Former colonies were victims of the international marketplace and are therefore reliant on their past mother countries | 57 | |
| 6232701238 | Metropoles | Large cities in the home country | 58 | |
| 6232701239 | Niger River Delta | Oil-rich southeastern land that the Igbos had in Nigeria | 59 | |
| 6232701240 | Nationalized | State enterprises | 60 | |
| 6232703275 | International Monetary Fund/ IMF | Threatened to withdraw loans from Kenya if the corruption continued | 61 | |
| 6232703276 | Corporatist | Ruling party claimed favors | 62 | |
| 6232703277 | PEMEX | Oil company nationalized by the Mexican government | 63 | |
| 6232703307 | NAFTA | Encouraged free trade between Mexico, the U.S., and Canada by putting maquiladoras in Mexico | 64 | |
| 6232705232 | Maquiladoras | Factories | 65 | |
| 6232707104 | Drug Cartels | Large criminal organizations engaged in drug trafficking | 66 | |
| 6232708609 | Institutional Revolutionary Party/ PRI | Strong political party in Mexico | 67 | |
| 6232708610 | Globalization | Force of world unity | 68 |
Flashcards
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