AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!

AP World History Important Dates Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
73152343651954Vietnamese defeat French at Dien Bien Phu0
73152343661956De-Stalinzation/Nationalization of Suez Canal1
73152343671959Cuban Revolution2
73152343681962Cuban Missile Crisis3
731523436919676-Day War/Chinese Cultural Revolution4
73152343701973Yom Kippur War5
73152343711979Iranian Revolution6
731523437219871st Palestinian Intifada7
73152343731989Tiananmen Square/Fall of Berlin Wall8
73152343741991Fall of USSR/1st Gulf War9
73152343751994Rwanda genocide/1st free elections in South Africa10
731523437620019/11 attacks11
73152343771914-1918World War I12
73152343781917Russian Revolution13
73152343791919Treaty of Versailles (End of WWI)14
73152343801929Stock Market Crash15
73152343811931Japanese invasion of Manchuria16
73152343821935Italian invasion of Ethiopia17
73152343831939German blitzkrieg in Poland18
73152343841941Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor19
73152343851945World War 2 Ends20
73152343861947Independence and partition of India21
73152343871948Birth of Israel22
73152343881949Chinese Communist Revolution23
73152343891950-1953Korean War24
73152343901804Haitian Independence25
73152343911815Congress of Vienna26
73152343921820'sIndependence in Latin America27
731523439318391st Opium War in China28
73152343941848European Revolutions/Communist Manifesto written29
73152343951853Commodore Perry opens Japan30
73152343961857Sepoy Mutiny31
73152343971861End of Russian serfdom/Italian unification32
73152343981863Emancipation Proclamation in US33
73152343991871German Unification34
73152344001885Berlin Confrence (division of Africa)35
73152344011898Spanish-American War36
73152344021899Boer War (British control South Africa)37
73152344031905Russo-Japanese War38
73152344041910-1920Mexican Revolution39
73152344051911Chinese Revolution/End of Dynastic China40
73152344061453Ottomans capture Constantinople41
73152344071488Dias rounded Cape of Good Hope42
73152344081492Columbus' First voyage/reconquista of Spain43
73152344091502First slaves to Americas44
73152344101517Martin Luther/95 Theses45
73152344111521Cortez Conquered Aztecs46
73152344121533Pizarro Conquered Incas47
73152344131588British defeat Spanish Armada48
73152344141600Unification of Japan under Tokugawa rule49
73152344151607Foundation of Jamestown50
73152344161618-164830 Years War51
73152344171683Unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna52
73152344181689Glorious Revolution/English Bill of Rights53
73152344191756-17637 Years War (French and Indian War)54
73152344201776American Revolution/Smith writes Wealth of Nations55
73152344211789French Revolution begins56
7315234422622Rise of Islam57
7315234423732Battle of Tours (end of Muslim move into France)58
7315234424800Coronation of Charlemagne59
731523442510541st Schism in Christian Church60
73152344261066Norman conquest of England61
73152344271071Battle of Manzikert (Seljuk Turks over Byzantium)62
73152344281095First Crusade63
73152344291206Mongols united under Genghis Khan64
73152344301271-1295Marco Polo's travels65
73152344311324Mansa Musa's Pilgrimage66
73152344321325-1349Travels of Ibn Battuta67
73152344331347-1348Bubonic Plague in Europe68
73152344341433End Of Zheng He's Voyages69
731523443514th C.Rise of Ottomans70
73152344368000 BCEBeginnings of Agriculture71
73152344373000 BCEBeginnings of Bronze Age and early civilizations72
73152344381300 BCEIron Age73
73152344396th C BCEBeginnings of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism (Daoism)74
73152344405th C BCEGreek Golden Age (philosophers, ect.)75
7315234441323 BCEAlexander the Great76
7315234442221 BCEQin unified China77
731523444332Beginnings of Christianity78
7315234444180End of Pax Romana79
7315234445220End of Han Dynasty80
7315234446333Roman capital moved to Constantinople81
73152344474th CBeginning of Trans-Saharan trade routes82
7315234448476Fall of Rome83
7315234449527Justinian Rule of Byzantine Empire84
Powered by Quizlet.com

Ap World history Chapter 4 Vocab Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
7515183335LegalismExcessive adherence to law or formula: Dependence on moral law rather than on personal religious faith.0
7515184758Ban ZhaoFirst known female Chinese historian. She completed her brother Ban Gu's work on the history of the Western Han, the Book of Han. She also wrote Lessons for Women, an influential work on women's conduct.1
7515195330VedasThe most ancient Hindu scriptures, written in early Sanskrit and containing hymns, philosophy, and guidance on ritual for the priests of Vedic religion. Believed to have been directly revealed to seers among the early Aryans in India, and preserved by oral tradition, the four chief collections are the Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda, and Atharva Veda.2
7515202425Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha)Gautama Buddha, also known as Siddhārtha Gautama, Shakyamuni Buddha, or simply the Buddha, after the title of Buddha, was an ascetic and sage, on whose teachings Buddhism was founded.3
7515207203Theravada/MahayanaTheravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism share the same core beliefs and devotion to the life and teaching of Buddha, but they do have some differences. Theravada Buddhism is associated with South East Asia and is perhaps closer to the original Indian form of Buddhism.4
7515244844Bhagavad GitaThe Bhagavad Gita is an ancient Indian text that became an important work of Hindu tradition in terms of both literature and philosophy. The earliest translations of this work from Sanskrit into English were made around 1795 CE by Sir Charles Wilkins. The name Bhagavad Gita means "the song of the Lord".5
7515244845Judaismthe monotheistic religion of the Jews.6
7515254622Socrates, Plato, AristotleGreek philosopher. As represented in the writings of his disciple Plato, he engaged in dialogue with others in an attempt to define ethical concepts by exposing and dispelling error (the Socratic method). Plato was a student of Socrates and later became the teacher of Aristotle. He founded a school in Athens called the Academy. Most of his writings are dialogues. He is best known for his theory that ideal Forms or Ideas, such as Truth or the Good, exist in a realm beyond the material world. Aristotle is a towering figure in ancient Greek philosophy, making contributions to logic, metaphysics, mathematics, physics, biology, botany, ethics, politics, agriculture, medicine, dance and theatre. He was a student of Plato who in turn studied under Socrates.7
7515260160Saint PaulSaint Paul, the Apostle. Saint Paul, the Apostle, original name Saul of Tarsus (born 4 bc?, Tarsus in Cilicia [now in Turkey]—died c. ad 62-64, Rome [Italy]), one of the leaders of the first generation of Christians, often considered to be the second most important person in the history of Christianity.8
7515263451PerpetuaPerpetua and Felicity (believed to have died in 203 AD) were Christian martyrs of the 3rd century. Vibia Perpetua was a married noblewoman, said to have been 22 years old at the time of her death, and mother of an infant she was nursing.9
7515269875ConfucianismConfucianism, also known as Ruism, is described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or simply a way of life.10
7515277258Daoisma religious or philosophical tradition of Chinese origin which emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao11
7515278738UpanishadsThe Upanishads are a collection of ancient Sanskrit texts that contain some of the central philosophical concepts and ideas of Hinduism, some of which are shared with Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism.12
7515278739NalandaNalanda was an acclaimed Mahavihara, a large Buddhist monastery in the ancient kingdom of Magadha in India.13
7515280941ZoroastrianismZoroastrianism is one of the world's oldest monotheistic religions. It was founded by the Prophet Zoroaster in ancient Iran approximately 3500 years ago. expand all.14
7515284727Greek RationalismHe was a student of the Classical Greece philosopher Socrates, the credited founder of Western philosophy. Aristotle was another of Greece's known thinkers. Aristotle's contribution to rationalism comes from a use of *syllogistic logic.15
7515287901Jesus of Nazaretha teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity (circa 4 BC - AD 29) Synonyms: Christ, Deliverer, Good Shepherd, Jesus, Jesus Christ, Redeemer, Savior, Saviour, the Nazarene Examples: El Nino.16
7515290787Church of the EastThe Church of the East, also known as the Nestorian Church, was an Eastern Christian Church in the Persian Empire and other parts of Asia during the late antiquity period and throughout the middle ages.17
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Human Geography - Unit 1 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
9682312513Human Geographya branch of geography that focuses on the study of patterns and processes that shape human interaction with the built environment, with particular reference to the causes and consequences of the spatial distribution of human activity on the Earth's surface0
9682312514GlobalizationThe act of becoming global. The spread of information, ideas, etc from one place in the world to another.1
9682312515Spatial Perspectiveobserving variations in geographic phenomena across space2
9682312516LocationThe position of anything on Earth's surface.3
9682312517Absolute LocationCoordinates, Address, Etc.4
9682312518Relative LocationLocation of a place in relation to another place or landmark. (LANDMARK)5
9682312519SiteThe exact location's physical spot. (think construction)6
9682312520SituationThe areas around the location which contribute to the sense of the place.7
9682312521Human-Environment InteractionsHow people interact/change the place/location.8
9682312522PlaceA specific point on Earth distinguished by particular characteristics. Uniqueness of the point.9
9682312523Sense of PlaceWhat makes a place unique10
9682312524Perception of Placebelief or "understanding" about a place developed through books, movies, stories or pictures11
9682312525Movementthe change from one location to another12
9682312526Landscapethe overall appearance of an area. Most are comprised of a combination of natural and human-induced influences.13
9682312527Cultural LandscapeHow a culture affects the landscape of an area/shapes the world around it.14
9682312528DistortionInaccuracies in a map due to the translation of a 3D image to a 2D surface.15
9682312529Equal-area projection mapsShapes and directions are distorted but land area is kept in tact. (Peters)16
9682312530Conformal MapsMaps that distort area but keep shapes intact (Mercator)17
9682312531ScaleThe scope Generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole, specifically the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface. (Scope of view.)18
9682312532Cylindrical Projection MapsSurface of a globe projected as if on a cylinder. Most distortion at the poles, least at the equator. (Shows Accurate Direction)19
9682312533Conic Projection MapMap projected onto the surface of a cone whose point is usually above one of the poles. (Keeps distance, loses direction)20
9682312534Oval Projection MapsUsed for world maps (16th and 17th century). Neither conformal or equal area. Usually a little distortion everywhere. (Combination of Cylindrical and Conic)21
9682312535Reference MapsUsed for transportation and locating places.22
9682312536Thematic MapsUsed to display data about a location.23
9682312537CartogramsShows data in relation to size24
9682312538Choropleth MapsShows data in relation to color/intensity/shade25
9682312539Dot MapsEach dot represents an amount of data. More dots = more of the variable26
9682312540Isoline MapMap that uses continuous lines connecting areas of same value. (Topographic Maps do this)27
9682312541Parallels/LatitudeLines measuring location on earth that wrap around, don't touch.28
9682312542Meridians/LongitudeLines measuring location and time zones (1 hr each 15 degrees) on earth that wrap around and touch at the poles.29
9682312543EquatorThe longest line of latitude at 0 degrees and has a constant amount of sun exposure.30
9682312544North and South PolesThe locations on the earth which receive the least amount of sun during the winter.31
9682312545Prime MeridianRuns through Greenwich, England. 0 longitude. Could have been placed anywhere in the world, but was placed there.32
9682312546International Date LineAn arc that for the most part follows 180° longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. When you cross it heading east (toward America), the clock moves back 24 hours, or one entire day. When you go west (toward Asia), the calendar moves ahead one day.33
9682312547Mental MapsImage or picture of the way space is organized as determined by an individual's perception, impression, and knowledge of that space34
9682312548Global Positioning SystemTells you where you are on the earth.35
9682312549Remote SensingCollecting data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet.36
9682312550Geographic Information SystemsOrganizes, stores, analyzes, and displays geographic data. Each layer of information is a thematic layer.37
9682312551RegionsAn area or division, especially part of a country or the world having definable characteristics but not always fixed boundaries.38
9682312552Formal RegionFormally recognized areas determined by a governing body. Sometimes called Uniform Region.39
9682312553Functional/nodel regionA region around a central node tied by transportation and communication or by economic or functional associations40
9682312554Perceptual/vernacular regionA place believed to exist as a part of cultural identity. (The South, The North, The Deep South)41
9682312555CultureComprised of shared practices, technologies, attitudes, and behaviors transmitted by a society.42
9682312556Cultural TraitThe specific customs that are part of the everyday life of a particular culture, such as language, religion, ethnicity, social institutions, and aspects of popular culture.43
9682312557DiffusionThe spread of things or ideas from one place (a hearth) to another.44
9682312558Cultural DiffusionThe spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.45
9682312559distance decayThe idea that the further something is away/more inconvenient it is, the less frequent/intense interaction with it will be.46
9682312560Cultural BarriersPrevailing cultural attitude rendering certain innovations, ideas or practices unacceptable or unadoptable in that particular culture47
9682312561Expansion DiffusionWhen the idea/thing being spread continues to exist in it's original location as well as spreading to new locations.48
9682312562Contagious/Viral DiffusionThe spread of a disease, an innovation, or cultural traits through direct contact with another person or another place.49
9682312563Hierarchical Diffusionthe spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places50
9682312564Stimulus DiffusionA form of diffusion in which a cultural adaptation is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place51
9682312565Relocation DiffusionDiffusion from one place to another where the idea does not stay in the origin and moves with the people.52
9682312566Distributionthe frequency or occurrence of something53
9682312567DensityThe amount of something in a given space.54
9682312568ConcentrationThe spread of something over a given area.55
9682312569Patterna consistent or characteristic arrangement56
9682312570Enviornmental DeterminismThe belief that physical environment determines potential for societal development.57
9682312571PossibilismThe theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives.58
9682312572Cultural EcologyGeographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships.59
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History: Chapter 12 Vocabulary Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
8237431695Aztec EmpireThese people welled in Mexico, practiced polytheism and human sacrifice, were semi-nomadic, were ruled by a king, and had rich resources such as cocoa and gold.0
8237437060BeninThis was an African agricultural society ruled by Ewuare, a warrior king, and had a centralized government who encouraged trade, art, and metal work.1
8237437061Christopher ColumbusGenoses mariner commissioned by Spain to search for a new trading route to Asia; in 1492, he found America instead.2
8237441230European RenaissanceThe "Rebirth of Europe" was a reflection on ancient Greek and Roman culture and a focus on humanism.3
8237449494FulbeWest Africa's largest pastoral society, whose members gradually adopted Islam and took on a religious leadership role that lead to the creation of a number of new states.4
8237452908HuitzilopochtliAztec tribal patron god; central figure of cult of human sacrifice and warfare; identified with old sun god5
8237453866Hundred Years WarMajor conflict between France and England over rival claims to territory in France; the two states' need to finance the war helped encourage their administrative development.6
8237453867IgboThis was a stateless society in Africa that enforced universities, educations, and different, yet equally important occupations held by all people to maintain balance.7
8237455551Inca EmpireThese people were located along the Andes mountains and modern-day Peru, were one of the largest states and spoke Quechua.8
8237455552Iroquis League of Five NationsThis was a collected group of elders from each of the five Iroquois clans who, under the Great Law of Peace, banded together to stop tribal disputes.9
8237459328MalaccaThis was a major trade center located in the state of Malacca near the Asiatic - Pacific coastline, where Chinese goods were most likely available.10
8237460246MexicaSemi-nomadic people of northern Mexico who by 1325 had established themselves on a small island in Lake Texcoco, where they built their capital, Tenochitlán.11
8237460247Ming DynastyThis dynasty focused on rebuilding China to the glory it had before the rule of the Mongols; they accomplished this through reforestation, encouraging art and metal work, and maritime adventure/trade.12
8237461604Mughal EmpireEstablished by Babur in India in 1526; the name is taken from the supposed Mongol descent of Babur, but there is little indication of any Mongol influence in the dynasty; became weak after the rule of Aurangzeb in first decades of 18th century.13
8237462943NezahualcoyotlA poet and king of the city-state of Texcoco, which was part of the Aztec Empire.14
8237462944Ottoman EmpireThis was a Turkish, Islamic Empire that expanded across Northern Africa, Greece and Anatolia, and partly Saudi Arabia. They encouraged and wanted to Restore Islam to its full glory and were ruled by Sultans/Caliphs.15
8237465073Paleolithic PersistenceThis was the continued existence of hunter-gatherer civilizations despite the flourishing, advanced societies around them.16
8237465074PochtecaSpecial merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items.17
8237467627Safavid EmpireOriginally a Turkic nomadic group; family originated in Sufi mystic group; espoused Shi'ism; conquered territory and established kingdom in region equivalent to modern Iran; lasted until 1722.18
8237469154Songhay EmpireWest African Savannas, second half of 15th century, most recent and largest in a series of states operating in the trans-Saharan trade routes, Islam. Created a mix of cultures, represented a substantial Islamic state on the African frontier of a still expanding Muslim world, major crossroads of trade.19
8237470240TenochtitlánFounded c. 1325 on marshy island in Lake Texcoco; became center of Aztec power; joined with Tlacopan and Texcoco in 1434 to form a triple alliance that controlled most of central plateau of Mesoamerica.20
8237470241TimbuktuThis was a city located in Mali, Africa that served as a major trading port, offering salt, gold, etc. and harbored many Islamic scholars.21
8237471305TimurHe was a Chinese Emperor who ruled before the Ming Dynasty and attempted to restore China to the time of the Mongols.22
8237472725Triple AllianceMilitary and political alliance formed before World War I to counter moves by potential rivals England, France, and Russia; consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.23
8237472726Vasco da GamaPortuguese explorer whose voyage was the first European venture to reach India by circling the tip of South Africa.24
8237475707YongleReign period of Zhu Di (1360-1424), the third emperor of the Ming Empire (r. 1403-1424).Sponsored the building of the Forbidden City, a huge encyclopedia project, the expeditions of Zheng He, and the reopening of China's borders to trade and travel (355)25
8237477567Zheng HeHe was a Chinese explorer who sailed the South China Sea and Indian Ocean with 300 massive ships and 27,000 men; he provided China an opportunity to monopolize trade.26
Powered by Quizlet.com

Pre-AP World History - Test Review - Period 1 Flashcards

Period 1 Review - NGA

Terms : Hide Images
5284509313Agricultural RevolutionThe change from food gathering to food production that occurred between ca. 8000 and 2000 B.C.E. Also known as the Neolithic Revolution.0
5284509314SedentarySettled in one area; inhabiting the same locality throughout life; not migratory or nomadic.1
5284509315Amuleta trinket or piece of jewelry thought to be a protection against evil2
5284509316Anthropomorphicsuggesting HUMAN characteristics for animals or inanimate things3
5284509317BabylonThe largest and most important city in Mesopotamia. It achieved particular eminence as the capital of the Amorite king Hammurabi in the eighteenth century B.C.E. and the Neo-Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar in the sixth century B.C.E. (p. 29)4
5284509318Bronzean alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements5
5284509319CarthageCity located in present-day Tunisia, founded by Phoenicians ca. 800 B.C.E. It became a major commercial center and naval power in the western Mediterranean until defeated by Rome in the third century B.C.E.6
5284509320Catal HüyükOne of first true cities in history, created in the Neolithic Era in 6500 to 5500 BC, from which were created agriculture, trading, temples, housing, and religions7
5284509321CeltsPeoples sharing a common language and culture that originated in Central Europe in the first half of the first millennium B.C.E.. After 500 B.C.E. they spread as far as Anatolia in the east, Spain and the British Isles in the west, onquered by Romans8
5284509322ChavinFirst major urban civilization in South America. Capital is de Huantar, was located in the Andes Mountains of Peru. Has 2 distinct ecological zones, the Peruvian Costal Plain and the Andean Foothills.9
5284509323City-stateA city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside10
5284509324Civilizationa society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)11
5284509325Code of Hammurabithe set of laws drawn up by Babylonian king Hammurabi dating to the 18th century BC, the earliest legal code known in its entirety12
5284509326ConfuciusChinese philosopher, administrator, and moralist. His social and moral teachings, collected in the Analects , tried to replace former religious observances13
5284509327Culturethe attitudes and behavior that are characteristic of a particular social group or organization14
5284509328Cuneiforman ancient wedge-shaped script used in Mesopotamia and Persia15
5284509329Daoismphilosophical system developed by of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events16
5284509330DruidsThe class of religious experts who conducted rituals and preserved sacred lore among some ancient Celtic peoples. They provided education, mediated disputes between kinship groups, and were suppressed by the Romans as potential resistance.17
5284509331First TempleA monumental sanctuary built in Jerusalem by King Solomon in the tenth century B.C.E. to be the religious center for the Israelite god Yahweh. The Temple priesthood conducted sacrifices, received a tithe or percentage of agricultural revenues.18
5284509332Foragerspeople who support themselves by hunting wild animals and gathering wild edible plants and insects19
5284509333HammurabiAmorite ruler of Babylon (r. 1792-1750 B.C.E.). He conquered many city-states in southern and northern Mesopotamia and is best known for a code of laws, inscribed on a black stone pillar, illustrating the principles to be used in legal cases.20
5284509334HarappaSite of one of the great cities of the Indus Valley civilization of the third millennium B.C.E. It was located on the northwest frontier of the zone of cultivation , and may have been a center for the acquisition of raw materials. (p. 48)21
5284509335HatshepsutQueen of Egypt (1473-1458 B.C.E.). Dispatched a naval expedition down the Red Sea to Punt (possibly Somalia), the faraway source of myrrh. There is evidence of opposition to a woman as ruler, and after her death her name was frequently expunged22
5284509336Hebrew BibleA collection of sacred books containing diverse materials concerning the origins, experiences, beliefs, and practices of the Israelites. Most of the text was compiled by members of the priestly class in the fifth century B.C.E. Known as the Torah.23
5284509337Hieroglyphicsan ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds24
5284509338Historythe discipline that records and interprets past events involving human beings25
5284509339HittitesA people from central Anatolia who established an empire in Anatolia and Syria in the Late Bronze Age. With wealth from the trade in metals and military power based on chariot forces, the hittites vied with New Kingdom Egypt over Syria26
5284509340Iron Agethe period following the Bronze Age; characterized by rapid spread of iron tools and weapons27
5284509341Israelan ancient kingdom of the Hebrew tribes at the southeastern end of the Mediterranean Sea28
5284509342JerichoOldest Neolithic community in the West Bank between Israel and Jordan29
5284509343KushAn African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. 100 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries.30
5284509344Library of AshurbanipalA large collection of writings drawn from the ancient literary, religious, and scientific traditions of Mesopotamia. It was assembled by the sixth century B.C.E. Assyrian ruler Ashurbanipal. The many tablets unearthed by archaeologists constitute one of the most important sources of present-day knowledge of the long literary tradition of Mesopotamia.31
5284509345Linear Bthe modern name for the script, composed of signs and pictures, in which Mycenaean Greeks kept records on tablets of clay32
5284509346Llamawild or domesticated South American cud-chewing animal related to camels but smaller and lacking a hump33
5284509347Loessa fine-grained unstratified accumulation of clay and silt deposited by the wind34
5284509348Ma'atEgyptian term for the concept of divinely created and maintained order in the universe. Reflecting the ancient Egyptians' belief in an essentially beneficent world, the divine ruler was the earthly guarantor of this order.35
5284509349Mandate of Heavena political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source36
5284509350Mass deportationThe forcible removal and relocation of large numbers of people or entire populations37
5284509351Matrilinealbased on or tracing descent through the female line38
5284509352MegalithsStructures and complexes of very large stones constructed for ceremonial and religious purposes in Neolithic times.39
5284509353MemphisThe capital of Old Kingdom Egypt, near the head of the Nile Delta. Early rulers were interred in the nearby pyramids40
5284509354MinoanProsperous civilization on the Aegean island of Crete in the second millennium B.C.E. The Minoans engaged in far-flung commerce around the Mediterranean and exerted powerful cultural influences on the early Greeks.41
5284509355Mohenjo-DaroLargest city of the Indus Valley civilization. It was centrally located in the extensive floodplain of the Indus River. Little is known about the political institutions of Indus Valley communities, but the large-scale implies central planning.42
5284509356Monotheismbelief in a single God43
5284509357MeroeCapital of a flourishing kingdom in southern Nubia from the fourth century B.C.E. to the fourth century C.E.. In this period Nubian culture shows more independence from Egypt and the influence of Sub-Saharan Africa.44
5284509358egalitarianof, relating to, or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.45
5284509359MycenaeSite of a fortified palace complex in southern Greece that controlled a Late Bronze Age kingdom.. Achaeans were a member of this principal (mainland) Greek tribe since 1900 B.C.E.46
5284509360Neo-Assyrian EmpireA major Mesopotamian empire between 934-608 BCE. They used force and terror and exploited the wealth and labor of their subjects. They were an iron-age resurgence of a previous bronze age empire.47
5284509361Neo-Babylonian KingdomUnder the Chaldaeans (nomadic kinship groups that settled in southern Mesopotamia in the early first millennium B.C.E.), Babylon again became a major political and cultural center in the seventh and sixth centuries B.C.E. After participating in the destruction of Assyrian power, the monarchs Nabopolassar and Nebuchadnezzar took over the southern portion of the Assyrian domains.48
5284509362Neolithiclatest part of the Stone Age beginning about 10,000 BC in the middle east (but later elsewhere)49
5284509363Social Stratificationthe condition of being arranged in social strata or classes within a group50
5284509364Olmeca member of an early Mesoamerican civilization contered around Veracruz that flourished between 1300 and 400 BC51
5284509365Paleolithicsecond part of the Stone Age beginning about 750,00 to 500,000 years BC and lasting until the end of the last ice age about 8,500 years BC52
5284509366Papyruspaper made from the papyrus plant by cutting it in strips and pressing it flat53
5284509367Patrilinealbased on or tracing descent through the male line54
5284509368Pharaohthe title of the ancient Egyptian kings55
5284509369Phoenicianslocated on eastern Mediterranean coast; invented the alphabet which used sounds rather than symbols like cuneiform56
5284509370Ramesses IIA long-lived ruler of New Kingdom Egypt (r. 1290-1224 B.C.E.). He reached an accommodation with the Hittites of Anatolia after a military standoff. He built on a grand scale throughout Egypt.57
5284509371Scribea sharp-pointed awl for marking wood or metal to be cut58
5284509372Semiticof or relating to or characteristic of Semites59
5284509373Shaft gravesA term used for the burial sites of elite members of Mycenaean Greek society in the mid-second millennium B.C.E. At the bottom of deep shafts lined with stone slabs, the bodies were laid out along with gold and bronze jewelry, implements, weapons, and masks.60
5284509374ShangThe dominant people in the earliest Chinese dynasty for which we have written records (ca. 1750-1027 B.C.E.). Ancestor worship, divination by means of oracle bones, and the use of bronze vessels for ritual purposes were major elements of this culture.61
5284509375Stone AgeThe historical period characterized by the production of tools from stone (lithic) and other nonmetallic substances. It was followed in some places by the Bronze Age62
5284509376SumeriansPeople who dominated Southern Mesopotamia through the end of the 3rd Millennium BCE. Responsible for the creation of irrigation technology, cunieform, and religious conceptions.63
5284509377ThebesCapital city of Egypt and home of the ruling dynasties during the Middle and New Kingdoms. Amon, patron deity of Thebes, became one of the chief gods of Egypt. Monarchs were buried across the river in the Valley of the Kings64
5284509378Yin/yangIn Daoist belief, complementary factors that help to maintain the equilibrium of the world. One is associated with masculine, light, and active qualities while the other with feminine, dark, and passive qualities.65
5284509379ZhouThe people and dynasty that took over the dominant position in north China from the Shang and created the concept of the Mandate of Heaven to justify their rule. Remembered as prosperous era in Chinese History.66
5284509380Ziggurata rectangular tiered temple or terraced mound erected by the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians67
5284573188patriarchalof, relating to, or characteristic of a system of society or government controlled by men.68
5284587132Archaeologythe study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of ARTIFACTS and other physical remains.69
5284590414Anthropologythe study of HUMANKIND, in particular. the comparative study of human societies and cultures and their development.70
5284600546benevolentwell meaning and kindly. (of an organization) serving a charitable rather than a profit-making purpose.71
5284613151Agricultural surplusan amount of agriculture (crops) left over when requirements have been met; an excess of production or supply over demand72
5284619173theocratic statea system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god. i.e. Egyptians, and the commonwealth of Israel from the time of Moses until the election of Saul as King.73
5284643708hierarchya system or organization in which people or groups are RANKED one above the other according to status or authority.74
5284655628Aegean Seaan arm of the Mediterranean Sea Greece and Turkey; a main trade route for the ancient civilizations of Crete and Greece and Rome and Persia75
5284659493cultural hearthLocations on earth's surface where specific cultures first arose. Symbolic of one's home.76
5284674940secular authorityworldly, earthy matters; not having to do with spiritual or religious matters77
5284773596pastoralismthe branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock. It is animal husbandry: the care, tending and use of animals such as camels, goats, cattle, yaks, llamas, and sheep78
Powered by Quizlet.com

AMSCO AP World History Chapter 15 Vocab Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
9372046592Henry IVSanctioned religious toleration of the Huguenots, French Calvanists, converted to Catholicism for the sake of solidifying his power. His rule saw increasing emphasis on national sovereignty.0
9372046593Henry VIIIA king of England in the early sixteenth century. With the support of his Parliament, established himself as head of the Christian Church in England, in place of the pope, after the pope refused to allow his marriage to Catherine of Aragon to be dissolved. (1491-1547)1
9372046594Anne BoleynQueen of England from 1533 to 1536 as the second wife of King Henry VIII, and Marquess of Pembroke in her own right.2
9372046595Charles V, Holy Roman EmpireWas ruler of both the Spanish Empire from 1516 and the Holy Roman Empire from 1519, as well as of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1506.3
9372046596Philip IIKing of Spain and Portugal and husband of Mary I; he supported the Counter Reformation and sent the Spanish Armada to invade England (1527-1598) ... king of ancient Macedonia and father of Alexander the Great (382-336 BC)4
9372046597Queen Isabella and King FerdinandA king and queen of Spain in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. They united their country and sponsored the exploration of the New World by Christopher Columbus.5
9372046598James IKing of England (1603-1625) and of Scotland (1567-1625). The son of Mary Queen of Scots, he succeeded the heirless Elizabeth I as the first Stuart king of England.6
9372046599Charles IKing of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625-1649). His power struggles with Parliament resulted in the English Civil War (1642-1648) in which he was defeated.7
9372046600Oliver CromwellWas an English military and political leader and later Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland.8
9372046601Charles IIKing of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1660-1685) who reigned during the Restoration, a period of expanding trade and colonization as well as strong opposition to Catholicism.9
9372046602James IIKing of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1685-1688). The last Stuart king to rule both England and Scotland, he was deposed by his Protestant daughter Mary (later, Mary II) and her husband, William of Orange.10
9372046603William and MaryRuled jointly after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 had expelled Mary's father, King James II.11
9372046605Cardinal RichelieuWas the chief of government under King Louis XIII. He achieved two difficult goals in his career: establishing absolute monarchy in France and breaking the political power of the Huguenots, or French Protestants.12
9372046606Louis XIVRuled 1643-1715, King of France, his reign, the longest in French history, was characterized by a magnificent court, the expansion of French influence in Europe, and the establishment of overseas colonies.13
9372046607Prince Henry the NavigatorWas a Portuguese royal prince, soldier, and patron of explorers. Henry sent many sailing expeditions down Africa's west coast, but did not go on them himself.14
9372046608Thirty Years WarA war waged in the early seventeenth century that involved France, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, Austria, and numerous states of Germany. The causes of the war were rooted in national rivalries and in conflict between Roman Catholics and Protestants.15
9372046609War of the Spanish SuccessionA war (1701-14) fought by Austria, England, the Netherlands, and Prussia against France and Spain, arising from disputes about the succession in Spain after the death of Charles II of Spain.16
9372046610Maritime EmpiresA state with primarily maritime realms—an empire at sea (such as the Phoenician network of merchant cities) or a sea-borne empire.17
9372046611SepoysAn Indian soldier serving under British or other European orders.18
9372046612HuguenotsA French Protestant of the 16th-17th centuries. Largely Calvinist, the Huguenots suffered severe persecution at the hands of the Catholic majority, and many thousands emigrated from France.19
9372046613Clunaic ReformsWere a series of changes within medieval monasticism of the Western Church focused on restoring the traditional monastic life, encouraging art, and caring for the poor.20
9372046614SimonyThe buying or selling of ecclesiastical privileges, for example pardons or benefices.21
9372046615Reformed Church of ScotlandIs a Christian denomination. It is the original church of the Reformed Presbyterian tradition (commonly known as the RP's). The RPCS formed in 1690 when its members declined to be part of the establishment.22
9372046616Anglican ChurchThe Church of England and the churches in other nations that are in complete agreement with it as to doctrine and discipline and are in communion with the Archbishop of Canterbury.23
9372046617Johannes KeplerWas a German mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer.24
9372046618Francis BaconWas an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator, and author. He served both as Attorney General and as Lord Chancellor of England.25
9372046619GalileoItalian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars; demonstrated that different weights descend at the same rate; perfected the refracting telescope that enabled him to make many discoveries (1564-1642)26
9372046620Sir Isaac NewtonEnglish mathematician and physicist; remembered for developing the calculus and for his law of gravitation and his three laws of motion (1642-1727).27
9372046621MichaelangeloWas an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art.28
9372046622Leonardo da Vinci1452-1519. Italian painter, engineer, and scientist.29
9372046623John LockeA seventeenth-century English philosopher. Argued against the belief that human beings are born with certain ideas already in their minds. He claimed that, on the contrary, the mind is a tabula rasa (blank slate) until experience begins to "write" on it.30
9372046624Adam SmithIs one of the world's most famous economists. Modern capitalism owes its roots to him and his Wealth of Nations, which many consider the single most important economic work in history.31
9372046625Edict of NatesSigned probably on 30 April 1598 by King Henry IV of France, granted the Calvinist Protestants of France (also known as Huguenots) substantial rights in the nation, which was still considered essentially Catholic at the time.32
9372046626Peace of WestaphiliaWas a series of treaties that ended the Thirty Years' War over succession within the Holy Roman Empire as well as the Eighty Years' War between Holland and Spain for Dutch independence.33
9372046627Vasco da GamaPortuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route.34
9372046628spanish armadathe great fleet sent from Spain against England by Philip II in 158835
9372046629schmalkaldic leagueprotestant alliance formed by Lutherans against the Holy Roman Empire36
9372046630peace of augsburg1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler37
9372046632puritan revolutionEngland goes from a monarchy to puritan republic under Cromwell38
9372046633petition of righta written document asking for a limit to the king's power39
9372046634glorious revolutionthe revolution against James II40
9372046635English bill of rights1689 laws protecting the rights of English subjects and Parliament41
9372046636divine right of the monarchythe claim that the right to rule was given to a king by God42
9372046637intendantsFrench government agents who collected taxes and administered justice.43
9372046638versaillesPalace constructed by Louis XIV outside of Paris to glorify his rule and subdue the nobility.44
9372046640reformationa movement for religious reform45
9372046641huldrych zwingliswiss priest who led the protestant movement in switzerland46
9372046642Martin lutherGerman monk who started the Protestant Reformation47
937204664395 thesesArguments written by Martin Luther against the Catholic church. They were posted on Octobe 31, 1517.48
9372046644indulgencespardon sold by catholic church to reduce one's punishment49
9372046645John calvinBelieved in predestination50
9372046646the electCalvinistic belief that this is the group of souls who God selected to be predetermined for Heaven.51
9372046647predestineddestiny; fate; decided beforehand52
9372046648puritansa group of Anglicans in England who wanted to purify their church of Catholic ways53
9372046649jesuitsmembers of the society of jesus54
9372046650council of TrentA meeting held to discuss and reform practices of the Catholic Church.55
9372046651index of prohibited bookslist of books forbidden for Catholics to read. issued by holy office56
9372046652social contractAn agreement between the people and their government signifying their consent to be governed57
9372046653empiricismthe belief that accurate knowledge can be acquired through observation58
9372046654scholasticisma medieval philosophical and theological system that tried to reconcile faith and reason59
9372046655joint-stock companiesbusinesses in which a group of people invest together60
9372046656mercantilismbelief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism.61
9372046657capitalAn economic system based on private ownership of capital62
9372046658cottage industriessmall-scale industries based in the home63
9372046659physiocratesphilosophe who wrote about economics; attacked economy in Europe64
9372046660the wealth of nationswritten by Adam Smith, promoted laissez-faire, free-market economy, and supply-and-demand economics65
9372046661commercial revolutionexpansion of trade and business66
9372046662east India companyBenefitted from tea act67
9372046663manilaa strong paper or thin cardboard with a smooth light brown finish made from e.g. Manila hemp the strong fiber of a Philippine plant, used for rope, matting, paper, etc.68
9372046664factorsNumbers that are multiplied together to get a product69
9372046665cartographythe science of making maps70
9372046666Bartholomew Diaz(1487-1488) Portuguese, first European to reach the southern tip of Africa in 1488.71
9372046667Ferdinand magellanPortuguese navigator in the service of Spain72
Powered by Quizlet.com

Enlightenment - AP World History Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
9865943528DeismThe belief that God has created the universe and set it in motion to operate like clockwork. God is literally in the wings watching the show go on as humans forge their own destiny.0
9865943529Rene DescarteDeductive thinker whose famous saying I"I'll think, there I am" challenged the notion of truth as being derived from tradition and Scriptures1
9865943530EnlightenmentThe intellectual revolution of the eighteenth century in which the philosophes stressed reason, natural law, and progress in their criticism of prevailing social injustices2
9865943531Laissez-faireThe economic concept of the Scottish philosophe Adam Smith (1723-1790). In opposition to mercantilism, Smith argued governments to keep hands off the operation of the economy. He believed the role of government was analogous to the night watchman, guarding and protecting but not intervening in the operation of the economy, which must be left to run in accord with the natural law of supply and demand3
9865943532PhilosophesSocial critics of the eighteenth century who subject social institutions and practices to test of reason4
9865943533Tabula rasaJohn Locke's concept of the mind as a blank sheet ultimately bombarded by sense impression that, aided by human reasoning, formulate ideas5
9865943535Thomas HobbesMost famous work is LEVIATHAN (1651). Heavily influenced by what he saw in the English Civil War. Believes all humans are naturally selfish and wicked; government needed to keep order. Argues that a social contract exists between the government and the governed in which the citizen gives up some rights in exchange for being protected. Believes in absolute control by ruler6
9865943536John LockeMost famous work is TWO TREATISES ON GOVERNMENT (1690). Heavily influenced by what he saw during the Glorious Revolution. Believes that all people are born free and equal with ability to learn from experience, and possess three natural rights (the freedoms of life, liberty, and property). Also believes in a social contract, but believes that citizens have right to end the contract and overthrow the government if ruler(s) fail to protect rights7
9865943537Voltaire (Francois Marie Arouet)Most famous work is CANDIDE. Heavily influencd by relatively oppressive French society of the 1700's in comparison to the relatively egalitarian society of Britain. Political and social satirist who wrote multiple works about the need for tolerance, reason, freedom, of religious beliefs, and freedom of speech. Pushes for separation of church and state, or the separation of religion from the government8
9865943538Baron de MontesquieuMost famous work is ON THE SPIRIT OF LAWS (1748). Main influence is the concept of the separation of powers, in which political power in a government is divided equally among multiple parts. In addition, Montesquieu believed that "power should be checked to power", referring to the system of "checks and balances" created by having each branch having a specific action that negates the power of another if necessary9
9865943539Jean Jacques RousseauMost famous work is THE SOCIAL CONTRACT (1762). Believes that civilization corrupts people's natural goodness. Argued that the only good government was one that was freely formed by the people and guided by the "general will" of society. Like Locke, he believes that the social contract between government and citizens is only valid as long as the government defends the rights of the people. His belief is that the government only rules by "the consent of the governed". More radical than Locke due to the belief that all titles of nobility should be abolished to create a classless society10
9865943540Cesare BeccariaMost famous work is CRIMES AND PUNISHMENT (1764)- Believes that laws exist to preserve social order, not to avenge crimes, and therefore punishment should reflect this as well. Argues for the use of a trial by jury that must be delivered in a swift and timely manner, without the use o possibility of torture or cruel and unusual punishments. In addition, he believes that the punishment must match, not exceed, the crime committed11
9865943541Mary WollstonecraftMost famous work is A VINDICATION OF THE RIGHTS OF WOMAN (1792). Argues that women, just like women, need education to become virtuous and useful. The use of education should make all professions available, not just traditional ones, and women should be allowed to become involved in politics12
9865943542Olympe De GougeMost famous work is DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN AND THE FEMALE CITIZEN. Was the daughter of a baker and rose to run her own salon. She was an abolitionist. She was executed during the Reign of Terror13
9865943543Adam SmithMost famous work is AN INQUIRY INTO THE NATURE AND CAUSES OF THE WEALTH OF NATIONS (1776). Wrote most original theories on capitalism and is credited by many with creating modern economics14
9865943545Immanuel KantMost famous work is CRITIQUE OF PRACTICAL REASON. Argued in 1784 that freedom of the press will result in Enlightenment for the masses. He separated science and morality into distinct branches of knowledge. He believed that science could describe natural phenomena of the material world but could not provide a guide for morality15
9865943546David HumeMost famous work is a TREATISE OF HUMAN NATURE. Emphasized limitations of human reasoning and stated that the human mind is nothing but a bundle of impressions. Later he became dogmatic skeptic who undermined the Enlightenment16
9865943549Denis DiderotBest known as the editor of the first European ENCYCLOPEDIA, which was supported by Voltaire and Catherine II of Russia. He was a writer and member of prominent salons in Paris.17
9865943551Thomas PaineMost famous works THE AGE OF REASON AND COMMON SENSE. Advocated deism and progress, the idea of an improved society through natural laws. He moved to the British Colonies in America and advocated for American Independence18
9865943555Frederick II (Frederick the Great)Referred to himself as the "first servant of the state" who through military changes made Prussia into a major power in Europe. An urbane and educated man who patronized the great Voltaire, a domestic reformer who improved education, codified laws, fostered industry, invited immigration, and extended religious tolerance19
9865943556Catherine II (Catherine the Great)A German who succeeded to the throne after the murder of her husband. Was a patron of many of the French philosophes and considered herself an Enlightened Despot. When personal rule was threatened, became reactionary and ended many Enlightened reforms.20
Powered by Quizlet.com

Pages

Subscribe to CourseNotes RSS

Need Help?

We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.

For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.

If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.

Need Notes?

While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!